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Photovoltaic power generation
On the basis of
Photovolta effect
Principle, utilization
Solar cell
will
sunlight
It can be converted directly into electricity. Whether it's standalone or
Grid-connected generation
,
Photovoltaic power generation system
Mainly by
Solar panel
(component), controller and
inverter
There are three major parts, and they are mainly made up of
Electronic component
Construction, but no mechanical parts involved.
As a result,
Solar power
Power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable and stable long life, easy installation and maintenance. In theory,
Photovoltaic power generation technology
Can be used for any need for power, up to
spacecraft
, down to
Household power supply
Large to megawatt power stations, small to toys, photovoltaic power can be everywhere.
On December 15, 2022, it was selected into the journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Engineering
"The World's Top 10 Engineering Achievements in 2022
".
[2]
- Chinese name
- Solar photovoltaic power generation
- Foreign name
- Solar photovoltaics
- Abbreviated form
- PV
- rationale
- Photovolta effect
- Energy conversion
- The sun's light is converted directly into electricity
- System composition
- Mainly by Solar panel (component), controller and inverter Tripartite composition
Solar photovoltaic power generation schematic
Solar photovoltaic power generation is divided into independent photovoltaic power generation, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation,
Distributed photovoltaic power generation
Independent photovoltaic power generation system
Also called off-grid photovoltaic power generation system. Mainly by
Solar cell module
, controller, battery composition, if to
Alternating current load
Power supply, also need to configure
Ac inverter
.
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
It's made by solar panels
Direct current
Go by
Grid-connected inverter
Converted to meet the requirements of the mains grid
Alternating current
Then it's directly connected to the public grid. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system has a centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power station is generally a national power station, the main feature is that the power generation can be directly transmitted to the grid, by the grid unified deployment to the user power supply. But this kind of power station investment is large, construction
Period length
It covers a large area and is relatively difficult to develop. And distributed small grid connection
Photovoltaic system
especially
Photovoltaic building integration
Power generation system, due to the advantages of small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and large policy support, is the mainstream of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation system, also known as distributed power generation or distributed
Supply energy
Refers to the configuration of smaller photovoltaic power generation at or near the user site
Power supply system
To meet the needs of specific users and support existing
Distribution network
the
Economic operation
Or meet both requirements.
distributed
Photovoltaic power generation system
The basic equipment includes
Photovoltaic cell
Module, photovoltaic array support, DC
Collecting box
Dc power distribution cabinet,
Grid-connected inverter
Ac distribution cabinet and other equipment, in addition to power supply system monitoring devices and environmental monitoring devices. its
Operation mode
There is...
Solar radiation
Under the conditions, the solar module array of the photovoltaic power generation system will
Solar energy conversion
The output electric energy is sent to the DC distribution cabinet through the DC busbar, and the grid-connected inverter converts it into AC power to supply the building's own load. The excess or insufficient power is adjusted by connecting to the grid.
Solar power
Power generation is based on
Photovolta effect
Principle, utilization
Solar cell
will
sunlight
It can be converted directly into electricity. Whether it's standalone or
Grid-connected generation
,
Photovoltaic power generation system
Mainly by
Solar panel
(component), controller and
inverter
There are three major parts, and they are mainly made up of
Electronic component
Composition, does not involve mechanical parts, so photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable and stable long life, easy installation and maintenance. In theory,
Photovoltaic power generation technology
Can be used for any need for power, up to
spacecraft
, down to
Household power supply
Large to megawatt power stations, small to toys, photovoltaic power is everywhere. Made in China
Crystalline silicon
Battery efficiency is around 10 to 13% abroad
Similar product
Efficiency is about 12 to 14%. By one or more
Solar cell sheet
The composition of the solar panel is called
Photovoltaic module
.
Solar energy
Photovoltaic power generation system
by
Solar cell pack
,
Solar controller
Battery (group) composition. For example, the output power supply is AC
220V
or
110V
, also need to configure
inverter
. The roles of each part are:
(I)
Solar panel
: Solar panels are
Solar power system
The core part of the solar power system is also the most valuable part. Its role is to convert the radiation capacity of the sun into electrical energy, or sent to the battery for storage, or to promote the load work.
(2) Solar controller: The role of the solar controller is to control the entire system
Working condition
And play on the battery
overcharge
Protection,
overdischarge
The role of protection. In places where the temperature difference is large, a qualified controller should also be available
Temperature compensation
The function of. other
Additional function
Such as
Light-controlled switch
The time-control switch should be an option for the controller;
(3) Battery: generally
Lead-acid battery
, small
microsystem
In, also available
Nickel metal hydride battery
,
Nickel-cadmium cell
Or lithium batteries. Its role is to store the electricity emitted by the solar panel when there is light, and then release it when needed.
(4) Inverter: the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. It can be applied to 220V
AC
To provide electrical energy, it is necessary to convert the direct current energy emitted by the solar power generation system into alternating current energy, so it is necessary to use a DC-AC inverter.
Domestic solar power generation
Factors to consider in the design:
1. Where is home solar power used? What is the solar radiation situation in the area?
2. What is the load power of the system?
4. How many hours does the system need to work per day?
5. In case of rainy weather without sunlight, how many days does the system need continuous power supply?
(1) Small power supply ranging from 10-100W, used in remote areas without electricity such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas,
Border post
Such as military and civilian life
electricity
Such as lighting, television,
Radio-cassette player
Etc.; (2) 3-5KW household roof grid-connected power generation system; (3)
Photovoltaic water pump
: Solution for areas without electricity
Deep well
Drinking, irrigation.
Two, the transportation field such as
Beacon light
, transportation/rail
Signal lamp
, traffic warning /
Identification light
, Yuxiang street lamp,
Altitude obstacle light
,
expressway
/ Railways
radiotelephone
Kiosk,
unattended
Road class power supply, etc.
Third, communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave
Relay station
Cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging
Power supply system
; village
Carrier telephone
Photovoltaic systems, small communication machines, soldiers
GPS
Power supply, etc.
4. Petroleum, Marine and meteorological fields: oil pipelines and reservoir gates
Cathodic protection
Solar power systems, oil
Drilling platform
Life and
Emergency power supply
, the ocean
Testing equipment
, weather /
Hydrological observation
Equipment, etc.
Fifth, home lighting power supply: such as
Garden lamp
, street lamp,
Hand lamp
,
Camping lamp
, hiking lights, fishing lights,
Black light lamp
,
Rubber cutting
Lamp,
Energy-saving lamp
Let's wait.
Six, photovoltaic power station: 10KW-50MW independent
Photovoltaic power station
Wind (firewood) complementary power station, various large parking plant charging stations.
Seven.
Solar building
The combination of solar power generation and building materials, so that the future of large buildings to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity, is a major future development direction.
8. Other areas include: (1) Matching with automobiles:
Solar car
/ Electric vehicles, battery charging equipment,
Automobile air conditioning
,
ventilator
Cold drink box, etc.; (2)
Solar hydrogen production
add
Fuel cell
Regenerative power generation system; (3)
Seawater desalination plant
Power supply; (4) Satellites, spacecraft, space solar power plants, etc.
traditional
Fuel energy
It is decreasing day by day, the harm to the environment is becoming more and more prominent, and there are 2 billion people in the world who do not have normal access to health care
Energy supply
. At this time, the eyes of the whole world turn to can
Renewable energy
Hope that renewable energy can change human's
Energy structure
To maintain long-term sustainable development. Among them, solar energy has become the focus of attention for its unique advantages. abundant
Solar radiant energy
It is an important energy source, which is inexhaustible, pollution-free, cheap and free for human beings to use. Solar energy reaches the ground every second up to 800,000 kilowatts of energy, if 0.1% of the Earth's surface of the solar energy into electricity, the conversion rate of 5% per year
Generating capacity
Up to 5.6×10^12 kilowatt-hours, equivalent to 40 times the world's energy consumption.
The rapid development of photovoltaic power generation in the world, the world has built more than 10 megawatts
Photovoltaic power generation system
Six megawatt-level connected photovoltaic power plants. The United States was the first country to develop the development plan for photovoltaic power generation. In 1997, the "Million Roofs" plan was proposed. Japan launched the New Sunshine Program in 1992, and by 2003 Japan
Photovoltaic module
Production accounts for 50% of the world, and four of the world's top 10 manufacturers are in Japan. Germany's new renewable energy law provides for photovoltaic power generation
Feed-in tariff
, greatly promoted the photovoltaic market and
Industrial development
Germany has become the world's fastest growing photovoltaic power generation country after Japan.
Switzerland
, France,
Italy
, Spain,
Finland
Other countries have also developed photovoltaic
Development plan
And invest heavily in it
Technology development
And accelerate the industrialization process.
China
Solar energy resources
Very abundant, theoretical reserves of 1.7 billion tons per year
Standard coal
. Solar energy
Resource development and utilization
The potential is very broad. Located in China
The northern hemisphere
The north-south distance and east-west distance are more than 5,000 kilometers. In the vast land of China, there are abundant solar energy resources. The average annual daily radiation dose in most areas is 4 per square meter
kilowatt-hour
Above,
Xizang
The daily radiation dose is up to 7 KWH per square meter.
Annual sunshine hours
More than 2000 hours. Compared with other countries at the same latitude, it is close to the United States and much superior to Europe and Japan, so it has huge potential for development.
China
Photovoltaic power generation
The industry started in the 1970s and entered a period of steady development in the mid-1990s.
Solar cell
And the output of components increased steadily year by year. After more than 30 years of efforts, it has ushered in rapid development
New stage
. In "...
Bright Project
The pilot project and the "power to the township" project and other national projects and the world
Solar power
Under the strong pull of the market, China's photovoltaic power generation industry develops rapidly.
By the end of 2007, the whole country
Photovoltaic system
The accumulation of
Installed capacity
Up to 100,000 kilowatts (100MW), engaged
Solar cell
Production of more than 50 enterprises, solar cells
Productive capacity
Up to 2.9 million kilowatts (2,900 MW) of solar cells
Annual output
It reached 1188MW, surpassing Japan and Europe, and has initially established a complete industrial chain composed of many links from raw material production to photovoltaic system construction, especially
Polycrystalline silicon
Material production has made significant progress, breaking through the annual output of 1,000 tons, breaking through the production of solar cell raw materials
Bottleneck constraint
It lays a foundation for the large-scale development of photovoltaic power generation in our country. 2007 is China's solar energy
Photovoltaic industry
A year of rapid development. Benefit from
Solar energy industry
The long-term good, the entire photovoltaic industry appeared unprecedented
Investment boom
.
The 12th Five-Year Plan period was newly increased
Solar photovoltaic power station
Installed capacity of about 10 million kilowatts,
Solar thermal power generation
Installed capacity of 1 million kilowatts, distributed
Photovoltaic power generation
The system is about 10 million kilowatts,
Photovoltaic power station
The investment is estimated at an average of 10,000 yuan per kilowatt, and the distributed photovoltaic system is estimated at 15,000 yuan per kilowatt, total
Investment demand
About 250 billion yuan.
Although China is a large manufacturer of solar products, but our solar products are only used for export. In 2010, global solar
Photovoltaic cell
Annual output of 16 million kilowatts, of which China's annual output of 10 million kilowatts. And by 2010, global photovoltaic power generation
Total installed capacity
More than 40 million kilowatts, the main application market in Germany,
Spain
, Japan,
Italy
Germany added 7 million kilowatts of installed capacity in 2010.
However, China's solar energy resources are very rich and suitable
Solar power generation
The land area and buildings are also very large by the light area, among which,
Tibetan plateau
,
Loess plateau
, Northern Hebei Plateau,
Inner Mongolia Plateau
Areas rich in solar energy resources account for two-thirds of the land area and have large-scale development and utilization of solar energy
Resource potential
.
Solar energy resources are rich and widely distributed, which is the most abundant in the 21st century
Development potential
A surname
Renewable energy
. With the globe
Energy shortage
And environmental pollution and other problems are becoming increasingly prominent, solar photovoltaic power generation because of its clean, safe, convenient, efficient and other characteristics, has become the world's general concern and focus on development
Emerging industry
.
In this context, the global photovoltaic power generation industry is growing rapidly,
Industrial scale
Ever expanding,
Product cost
It continues to decline. China's photovoltaic power generation industry has also developed rapidly, has become one of the few in China, can participate in international competition, and is expected to reach the international leading level of the industry. The rise of Suntech Power,
Yingli
Green energy
,
Jiangxi Saiwei LDK
A group of famous enterprises represented by GCL-Poly and a group represented by the four major photovoltaic provinces of Jiangsu, Hebei, Sichuan and Jiangxi
Industrial base
. Therefore, the traditional practice of enterprises to carry out strategy and strategic adjustment in the "annual" unit in the industry
Rapid change
Today seems a little powerless or even passive. Therefore, the enterprise is "monthly" as a unit, according to the latest industry
Development trend
Timely strategy and even
Strategic adjustment
The means of management are increasingly favored by many large enterprise managers, especially foreign enterprises
management
High regard for.
In July 2015,
Baidu
Cloud computing
(
Yangquan
The Center's solar photovoltaic power generation project has recently been successful
Grid-connected generation
. This is solar energy.
Photovoltaic power generation technology
First application in domestic data center
[1]
On 18 November 2013, the National Energy Administration issued the"
Interim Measures for the management of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects
"
Solar photovoltaic power generation will occupy the world in the near future
Energy consumption
Important seats, not only to replace the part
Conventional energy
And will become the world
Energy supply
The subject of... It is expected that by 2030, renewable energy will be in total
Energy structure
Will account for more than 30%, and the proportion of solar photovoltaic power generation in the world's total electricity supply will reach more than 10%; By 2040, renewable energy will account for more than 50% of total energy consumption, and solar photovoltaic power will account for more than 20% of total electricity. By the end of the 21st century, renewable energy will account for more than 80% of the energy mix, and solar power will account for more than 60%. These figures are enough to show the development prospects of the solar photovoltaic industry and its importance in the energy field
Strategic position
.
According to the
Medium - and long-term development plan for renewable energy
By 2020, China will strive to make solar energy
Installed generating capacity
It reached 1.8GW (million kilowatts) and will reach 600GW (million kilowatts) by 2050. It is expected that by 2050, China's renewable energy will account for 25% of the country's electricity installed capacity, of which photovoltaic power generation will account for 5%. In the next ten years, China's solar installed capacity
Compound growth rate
Will be as high as more than 25%.
