Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
The former Qin Dynasty (351 ~394) was
Foundation family
Set up
The Five Hu sixteen States
It was one of the most powerful of the sixteen nations. There were six emperors in the five dynasties of the former Qin Dynasty (including six and eight emperors posthumously), who enjoyed the kingdom for forty-four years, forty-six years from the time Fu Hong became king.
[1-4]
[70-71]
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the people were displaced, and Fu Hong was promoted as the leader of the league by the Kansai powerful. In the last years of the later Zhao Dynasty, King of the Three Qin Dynasties
Fu Hong
Defeated the Qiang leader
Yao Xiang
He attempted to capture Guanzhong, but was defeated
Ma Qiu
Poison in the dark. 350 years,
Fu Jian
Occupying Guanzhong, he ascended the throne the following year and made Chang 'an his capital. Fu Jian extended virtuous governance and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907)
general
Yin Hao
,
Huan Wen
,
Sechan
,
Sima Xun
The wars against the former Qin were defeated by Fu Jian, and the national power was gradually strengthened. after
Fu Sheng
He continued to commit adultery and murder,
Fu Jian
Kill instead. Fu Jian advocated Confucianism, rewarded culture and education, and knew people well
Wang Meng
Such people assisted the government, to centralize the power, the national power is prosperous, known in history as "Guanlong Qingyan, people Fengle". Determined to unify the world, Fu sent Wang Meng,
Dunchaung
Destroy the former swallow. In 371 years,
Fu Ya
Destroy the enemies, capture them
Yang Zuan
,
Tuyu-hun
I submit. In 373, Liang and Yi prefectures were captured.
Southwest plania
Both are down. In 376, it was extinguished
Qianliang
,
generation
Country, after Ping
The western regions
Various countries. At this time, the former Qin Dynasty was adjacent to the sea in the east, the Hanshui in the south, the Qiuci in the west, and the desert in the north, confronting the Eastern Jin and becoming the largest territory of the Five Hu.
[5-6]
[81
]
The former Qin Dynasty advocated Confucianism, established schools and cultivated ruling talents. Pay attention to
Farming and sericulture
Build water conservancy, repair
Tingyi Station
To develop industry and commerce. And carried out the immigration policy, the Kanto
Xianbei (a county in Shanxi Province)
,
Wuhuan
,
jingle
One hundred thousand households migrated to Guanzhong, enriching Kinki and facilitating control; It also moved 150,000 families of the Kansai ethnic group to Kanto and placed them in key towns to strengthen its control over the newly conquered areas. At this time, the political integrity, social stability, national strength reached its peak. However, after the defeat of Feishui, Former Qin Dynasty went into decline and collapse, and northern China was once again divided.
[19
]
The Sinicization reform of the pre-Qin Dynasty was effectively alleviated
National estrangement
And promoted the continuation of civilization
National integration
, and represent
The Later Qin Dynasty
,
The Northern Dynasties
The reform of Sinicization laid the foundation.
[31-33]
- Chinese name
- The qin dynasty
- Foreign name
- Pre Qin Dynasty
- alias
- Fu Qin, Former Qin, Huang Qin [69]
- Time frame
- From 351 to 394
- Official language
- Middle Chinese
- currency
- Round coin
- Political system
- Absolute monarchy
- Population number
- About 20 million
- Major nationality
- Foundation family , The Han nationality , Qiang ethnic minority , Xianbei nationality , The Xiongnu nationality , woodruff [1]
- Major religion
- Taoism , Confucianism , Buddhism
- Land area
- 3580000 km²
catalogue
- 1Title of a kingdom
- 2history
- ▪The former Qin Dynasty was founded
- ▪Unify the north
- ▪Consolidate rule
- ▪The Siege of Xiangyang
- ▪The Battle of Feishui River
- ▪Northern division
- ▪The scourge of new peace
- ▪Chaos in the northwest
- ▪Go to death
- 3territory
- 4political
- ▪Hu and Han co-rule
- ▪sinicization
- ▪Affirm law and discipline
The name of the former Qin dynasty was first seen in the book
The Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms
Later, different from other regimes with "Qin" as their title, they took it over. The former Qin Dynasty believed that the five acts of morality,
The Later Qin Dynasty
The ruler also took the former Qin Dynasty as a virtue and inherited it
A later dynasty (Zhao)
The water virtue is called Muqin.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties
Period,
The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
Prime minister (in feudal China)
A surname
Some people think that the former Qin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty are in the same vein, advocating that Fu Qin is the fire virtue, Yuan Wei is Fu Qin is the earth virtue, so it is also called
pyrazine
.
[7]
[37]
[84]
The name of the country is "Qin", derived from the name of the region. The "Qin" number plus "Qian" is called "former Qin", which is different from "former Qin".
The Western Qin Dynasty
Later Qin Dynasty. "
The Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms
"Records of the Former Qin Dynasty" describes the beginning and end of Fu's regime, which is actually the first introduction of the title "the Former Qin Dynasty". Fu Qin is another name for the former Qin kingdom, which was founded by Fu Shi, hence the name"
Fu Qin
It is different from "Ying Qin", "Yao Qin" and "Chifu Qin".
[75]
The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597)
In the last years, when the dynasty was overthrown, Liyang
Foundation family
aristocrat
Fu Hong
As a leader.
Former Zhao Dynasty
The main
Liu Yao
Declaring himself emperor in Chang 'an, Fu Hong was appointed King of Di. afterwards
A later dynasty (Zhao)
The main
Schiller
After destroying the former Zhao, Fu Hong went down to Shille.
In 333,
Shi Hu
Emigrate to Guanzhong heroes and
A surname
To Kanto, Fu Hong was given the position of governor and settled in
Square hewn
. After Shi Hu's death, Fu Hong sent an envoy to the Jin and accepted the official title of the Eastern Jin.
350 years,
Fu Hong
He called himself on the top of the square
Grand governor
, General,
Dachanyu
,
Three Qin Kings
Soon after was Zhao Shi Hu old general
Ma Qiu
Poisoned, my son
Fu Jian
Rule the people. Fu Jian went west from Fangtou, and the Guanzhong Diqiang responded one after another. In October, Fu Shi entered Chang 'an and surrendered to Guan Long.
In 351, Fu Shi implemented the benevolent administration in Guanlong, made three laws with the people, and abolished them
A later dynasty (Zhao)
During the harsh government of the period, the people in Guanzhong were very favorable to Fu Shi, and Fu Jian called Da Qin Tianwang and Da Shan Yu. A year later, he officially declared himself emperor, took the title of Daqin, made Chang 'an his capital, and appointed civil and military officials, known as Fu Qin and the Former Qin.
[6]
Encyclopedia x mixed knowledge: Illustrated five Hu sixteen States
Encyclopedia x mixed knowledge: Illustrated five Hu sixteen States
In the beginning
Fu Jian
Know the central plains "people mind Jin", in Fangtou, the name of the state of Jin to the west general, the governor of Guanzhong military, Yongzhou to make a call; After his arrival in Guanzhong, the envoy proclaimed himself to the Eastern Jin in order to ease the conflicts in the Guanzhong area, and it was not until he officially declared himself emperor that he broke off relations with the Eastern Jin.
The year 354,
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907)
Powerful minister
Huan Wen
He led an army of 40,000 to attack the former Qin, all the way to Guanzhong, and was finally captured
Fu Jian
,
Fu Xiong
Led the army to turn defeat into victory, and adopted the policy of strengthening the wall and clearing the field, the Jin army encountered difficulties in the problem of supplies, Huan Wen had to retreat the defeated army.
[83]
Emperors of the former Qin Dynasty
Fu Jian
With the Kansai people to reduce taxes and corvee, to work hard in government affairs, to give preferential treatment to the elderly orphans, to advocate Confucianism, under the governance of the former Qin Dynasty, the Kansai land finally restored its vitality.
[85]
In 355, Fu Jian died, posthumous title Ming, temple name Sejong, son
Fu Sheng
Succeeded to the throne, due to excessive prostitution, 357, Jiandi Fu
Fu Xiong
Son of
Fu Jian
He killed Fu Sheng and called him the King of Qin, and changed Fu Jian's posthumous title to Jingming and the temple name to Gaozu.
[1]
[6]
Fu Jian had heard of it before he ascended the throne
Wang Meng
The reputation, in
Luboru
Meet Wang Meng under the assistance, talk very congenial. That is, the throne, Ren Wang Meng,
Wang You
,
Dunchaung
Wait for Han ministers to assist in government. The former Qin Dynasty adopted political reform, strengthened centralization, suppressed the development of aristocratic forces to strengthen the central power, and built Guanzhong water conservancy, and the national strength of the former Qin gradually increased.
In 376, General Qin
A surname
destroy
Qianliang
,
Zhang Tianxi
Descend; In the same year, Fu Jiancheng
Surrogate state
In case of civil unrest, dispatch
Dunchaung
,
Fu Luo
Invade and destroy the state.
[65-68]
In 382, Fu Jian was born
Lv Guang
Invading the Western regions, this is the first
The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597)
In the following decades, the Central Chinese regime reoccupied
The western regions
. Since Qin basically unified the north, the surrounding countries sent emissaries.
[8 to 11]
During the unification of the North, Fu Jian also began to attack
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907)
Dispatched in 373
Zhu O
,
Xu Cheng
Others captured the Eastern Jin Liang, Yi two states.
374 (Former Qin Dynasty
Kien Won
Ten years),
Zhang Yu
Self-proclaimed King of Shu, with
Yang Guang
Twenty thousand men, more than ten thousand men, allied with chiefs Zhang Zhong and Yin Wan of Ba Liao, besieged Chengdu, which was owned by the former Qin. Emperor Xuan Zhao
Fu Jian
Send town army general
Dunchaung
Leading an army of fifty thousand, Zhang Yu sent an envoy to the Eastern Jin to request reinforcements, and the Eastern Jin's Yi Prefecture governor Zhu Yao and General Weiyuan
Huan Shiqian
Led thirty thousand troops to attack the mat River, defeated Yao Yang. In June, Zhang Yu changed to black dragon. In July, Zhang Yu, Zhang Zhong and others struggle for power, infighting. The former Qin Dynasty
Yang An
,
Dunchaung
Defeat Zhang Yu, Yang Guang, retreat to Mianzhu. In August, Deng Qiang defeated the Jin army at Fuxi. In September, Yang An defeated Zhang Zhong and Yin Wan south of Chengdu, beheading 23,000 soldiers and killing Zhang Zhong. On the other hand, Zhang Yu and Yang Guang were killed by Deng Qiang in Mianzhu, and Yizhou was again owned by the former Qin.
[12]
In September 382, Wang Mi 窴 and King Shanshan Ximu Tuo entered the imperial court of Qin, requesting to serve as guides for the former Qin, to defeat those who refused to submit to the Western Regions, and to reopen the Western Regions Silk Road. Fu Jian, Emperor Xuan Zhao, was a valiant general
Lv Guang
In order to hold the festival, the governor of the western regions to expedition military, ordered him to lead the Lingjiang general
Jiang Fei
General, light car
Peng Huang
, Checkmate
Du Jin
,
Kangsheng
One hundred thousand soldiers, five thousand iron horses, to invade the Western regions.
In the first month of 383, Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao, was born
Lv Guang
From Chang 'an to the Western regions, with Wang Xiu-Meitao of Shanshan and Wang Mi in the front of the chariot Division 窴 as the guide.
In 378, the former Qin invaded the southern general
Fu PI
With 70,000 cavalry, they attacked those belonging to the Eastern Jin
Xiangyang
Liang Zhou Dynasty of Eastern Jin Dynasty
Zhu Xu
For nearly a year, the city fell and was captured.
In 379, the former Qin right general
Madang
, crossbow general
Wang Xian
Twenty thousand men set out from Xiangyang, following the rear general
All difficult
The history of Yanzhou Dynasty
Peng Chao
Meet, attack the cities south of the East Jin Huaihe River, capture Xuyi, surround three A. History of Yanzhou Dynasty in Eastern Jin Dynasty
Xie Xuan
He defeated the Qin army four times, and Peng Chao fled north to save his life.
A surname
.
[13]
[39]
The Battle of Feishui River
In 383, Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao, attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty in an all-round way, taking Yang Ping Gong
Fu Rong
For the forward commander, the rate of the step ride 250,000 first. In September, Fu Jian was succeeded by more than 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry. Qin troops from Yizhou, Liangzhou, Hebei and other places were also dispatched. At this time the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Xie An
When the country, life
Xie Shi
For the great governor,
Xie Xuan
For the front governor, the rate of water and land 80,000 to meet the enemy. In October, the two armies fought at Feishui River.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, facing the critical moment of survival and death, the main war faction headed by the nephew of the Prime minister Xie 'an, Xie Xuan, decided to rise up and resist. Recommended by Xie An,
晋孝武帝
Appoint Xie An's brother
Xie Shi
In order to conquer the great governor, Xie Xuan was the vanguard and led the "strong fighting force" after seven years of training.
Beifu Bing
Eighty thousand along the west of the Huai River, to meet the main Qin army, sent Hu Bin led the water army five thousand reinforcements strategic Shouyang, and appointed
Huan Chong
As a governor of Jiangzhou, he led 100,000 Jin troops to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and prevented Qin, Ba and Shu troops from moving east of the river.
October 18, 383, Yang Ping Gong
Fu Rong
Led the front troops to capture Shouyang, captured the guard Xu Yuanxi. At the same time, Qin's Murong Chui army captured Yuncheng. Hu Bin, who had been ordered to lead the water army to Shouyang, learned on the way that Shouyang had been taken over by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Xiashi and waited to join Xie Shi and Xie Xuan's army. Fu Rong again led an army to attack Xiashi, with Fu Rong's generals
Liang Cheng
Attack with 50,000 troops
Nakgan
Cut off the Huai River traffic and blocked Hubin's retreat. Hu Bin, trapped in Xiashi, ran out of food and supplies, and had to give a letter to Xie Shi, but the Jin soldier who delivered the letter was captured by Qin soldiers, and the letter fell to Fu Rong. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that the Jin army was short of troops and food and grass, and suggested that the army should start up quickly to prevent the Jin army from fleeing. Fu Jian must respond and leave the army behind
Xiang Cheng
He led 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.
Upon arrival at Shouyang, Fu Jian immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former Eastern Jin Xiangyang garrison, to the Jin army camp to persuade Fu Jian to surrender.
Zhu Xu
After arriving at the Jin camp, not only did they not persuade him to surrender, but they provided Xie Shi with information about the Qin army. He said, "Although the Qin army is a million strong, it is still marching, and if the forces are concentrated, the Jin army will be difficult to resist." Now the situation is different, we should take advantage of the moment when the Qin army has not arrived in full, we should launch an attack quickly, as long as we can defeat its forward forces and frustrate its spirit, we can defeat the Qin army of one million." At first, Xie Shi thought that the Qin army was strong, and planned to stand firm and not fight until the enemy was tired and then wait for an opportunity to counterattack. After listening to Zhu Xu's words, he thought it was very reasonable, and changed his policy of operation, and decided to switch to defense and attack.
[15]
In November,
Xie Xuan
Dispatch a brave general
Liu Aozhi
He led 5,000 elite troops to attack Luojian and opened the prelude of the Fei River Battle. Qin Liang Cheng led fifty thousand troops in the Luojian edge to meet the attack. Liu Gaozhi divided a force to detour behind the Qin army and cut off its return; He led his troops to cross the Luoshui and attack the Qin army. The Qin army panicked, barely held off for a while, and then collapsed, General
Liang Cheng
And younger brother
Liang Yun
Officers and soldiers scrambled to cross the Huai River to escape, more than 10,000 people lost their lives. The victory at Luojian greatly encouraged the morale of the Jin army.
As Qin troops pressed Feishui West Bank formation, Jin army could not cross the river, can only face each other across the bank.
Xie Xuan
He sent messengers to see them
Fu Rong
He said to him, "The king hangs the army deep, and sets the army to force the water, this is a lasting plan, not those who want to fight quickly." Wouldn't it be good if the army moved less so that the Jin soldiers could cross and decide the victory?" The Qin generals all objected, but Fu Rong thought that he could take the strategy and give the army a little back, and then attack with cavalry when the Jin army was halfway across the river, so that the victory could be achieved.
[16]
So Fu Rong directed the Qin army to retreat. However, the morale of the Qin soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control and the formation was in chaos. Xie Xuan led 8,000 cavalry and rushed across the Fei River to attack the Qin army. Zhu Xu shouted behind the Qin army: "The Qin army is defeated!" The Qin soldiers believed it, so they turned and fled. Seeing that the situation was not good, Fu Rong hurried to stop the horse in order to stabilize the position, but the horse was rushed down by the disorderly soldiers and killed by the Jin army. The Qin soldiers who lost their commander became more and more chaotic, and the defeat of the front troops caused the panic of the subsequent troops, and they also fled, forming a chain reaction, resulting in the defeat of the entire army to the north. The Qin army routed along the way did not dare to stay, heard the jitters, all thought that the Jin army was chasing. The Jin army took advantage of the victory and pursued until they reached the Qinggang near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses trampled to death, all over the mountains, filling the river. The scattered Qin army was starved and cold, and seven out of ten died. Fu Jian was wounded by an arrow and fled to Huaibei in a hurry, collecting the remnants of his army along the way until he reached Luoyang with only over 100,000 men left.
[15]
The Jin army recaptured Shouyang,
Xie Shi
and
Xie Xuan
Send Pegasus to Jiankang to report victory. then
Xie An
Playing chess with a guest at home. He finished reading the good news sent by Xie Shi, quietly, put the good news next to him, and still play chess. The guest knew that the battle report was sent from the front, and could not help but ask Xie An: "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly: "The children have defeated the Qin people."
[17]
When the guest heard this, he was so happy that he did not want to play chess anymore. He wanted to tell others the good news as soon as possible, so he said goodbye and left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to his inner house, his excitement no longer contained, and as he crossed the threshold, he stumbled and broke the teeth of his clog. This is the origin of the famous allusion "folding shoe teeth".
[18]
383 At the end of the year, Fu Jian collected the defeated soldiers and soldiers, and by the time he reached Luoyang, there were more than 100,000 men, and the former Qin officials had roughly prepared all kinds of instruments and materials.
[11]
[56]
The Battle of Feishui River
Later, the rule of the former Qin collapsed, and other ethnic groups that had previously attached themselves to the former Qin took the opportunity to become independent, and the north of the Yellow River fell into a state of division again.
[19
]
In 383, Murong Chui, the former Yan surrender general and the champion general of the Xianbei clan, was ordered to attack the leaders of the Dingzero tribe who had advanced in Xin 'an
Zhai Bin
Only to slaughter a lieutenant on the way
Fu Feilong
And a thousand Di troops. In 384, Murong Chui rebelled against the Kanto, proclaimed himself "King of Yan", and changed the twenty years of Jianyuan of the former Qin Dynasty to the first year of Yan, which was established
A second swallow
Regime, and offensive garrison
Ye
Before Qin Changle Gong Fu PI. The long history of the northern region of the former Qin Dynasty
Murong Hong
Hearing the news that his uncle Murong Chui had attacked Ye City, he went to Guandong to gather thousands of Xianbei people, called himself General and King of Jibei, and established the city
Xiyan
The regime.
[20]
Fu Jian sent his son Ju Lu Gong
Fu Rui
When the commander, the Qiang general
Yao Yang
Served as a general adviser, sent troops to the crusade, was defeated in Huaze, Fu Rui was killed. Fu Jian was furious and Yao Yang fled to Weibei, where he was promoted as the leader of the league. Yao Yang then called himself general, big simple in, ten thousand years king of Qin, established
The Later Qin Dynasty
The regime.
[21]
Kien Won
In July of the 21st year (385), Yao Yang sent a valiant general to ride
Wuzhong
Led the cavalry to surround Fu Jian. Fu Jian looked calm, safely waiting for Wu Zhong. Wu Zhong sent Fu Jian and others to Xinping for house arrest. Yao Yang sent someone to ask Fu Jian for the imperial seal, Fu Jian sharply rebuked him. Yao Yang sent Yushima again
Yin Wei
Go to Fu Jian, ask for Zen, Fu Jian said: "Zen generation, sages, Yao Chang treason, what to do!" To avoid Yao Yang abusing his two daughters
Fu Bao
and
Fu Jin
So he killed them first. Crown prince
Fu Hong
,
Princess Sunyang
Led the clan to surrender to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In August Xin Chou, Yao Yang ordered Fu Jian to be killed. Fu Jian was forty-eight years old.
Mrs. Zhang
firstborn
Fu Shen
Suicide, too, is the scourge of Xinping.
Yao Yang
In order to cover up his killing of Fu Jian, he intentionally posthumously named Fu Jian the king of the Mighty. Although Fu Jian died, the former Qin still controlled the real power of Pingzhou, Hedong, Qinzhou, Nanqinzhou, Hezhou, and Nanqinzhou, and the power in Hebei, Shanxi, and Guanlong lasted for ten years.
[22]
Guarding Yecheng
Fu PI
by
Murong Chui
After a long siege, he led more than 60,000 soldiers and civilians in Jizhou to withdraw to the state. After Fu Jian's death, Fu PI became emperor and a year later was taken over by the Eastern Jin
Feng Kai
Kill. Guan Long Di people established Fu Jian clan Sun
Funden
Declaring himself emperor, Fu Deng posthumously honored Fu PI as Emperor Aiping.
[62]
Kien Won
Twenty-one (385) September,
Lv Guang
From the Qiuci army Yihe, the former Qin Liangzhou Dynasty
Liang Xi
Close the door. Yang Han, the governor of Gao Chang, said: "Lu Guang has just broken the Western Regions, his army is strong and his spirit is sharp, and when he hears of the chaos in the Central Plains, there must be different plans. River west across thousands of miles, with a hundred thousand, enough to protect itself. If Lu Guang gets out of the quicksand, he will be unstoppable. The mouth of Gaowu Valley is the most dangerous, so we should first send troops to defend the mouth of the valley and seize its water. He is poor and thirsty, he can sit down. If you think you are far away, Iwu Pass can resist the enemy. Although there is a good plan, there is nothing to be done!" Liang Xi didn't listen.
[61]
My Thuy Ream
Zhang series
right
Liang Xi
Said: "Now the Guanzhong Great chaos, the survival of the capital is uncertain. Lu Guang is here, his ambition is hard to predict, how does the general plan to resist?" Liang Xi said: "I am very worried, I don't know what to do." Zhang Tong said,"
Lv Guang
Wisdom is slightly superior, today's people who have thought of returning, taking the gas of victory, its feng is not easy to be also. General the world by great grace, loyalty, the establishment of the royal family, should be today. A surname
Fu Luo
Is Your Majesty's cousin, brave crown for a while, for general consideration, it is better to honor him as the leader to receive public expectations, push loyalty and lead the group hao, even if Lu Guang came to Liangzhou, also dare not have a different heart. With its elite, Toyo
毛兴
, unite
Wang Tong
,
Yang Bi
Together with all the people of the four prefectures, we swept away the evil and punished the emperor's office, which is also a Huan and literary action." Liang Xi did not listen and killed Fu Luo in the West Sea.
Lu Guang smell Yang Han's plan, big fear, dare not move forward.
Du Jin
He said to Lu Guang,"
Liang Xi
Elegant, the machine is insufficient, can not adopt Yang Han's strategy, is willing to worry about it. Hearing that the above and below are not the same, we should speed forward, and then not swift, please punish the words." Lv Guang followed it. Entering Gaochang, Yang Han surrendered to the county. To Yumen, Liang Xi moved to scold Lu Guang for doing his duty and returning the teacher to his son
Liang Yin
For Yingyang general, and Zhenwei general Nan 'an Yao Hao, don't drive Wei Han handsome all fifty thousand refused light in
Jiuquan
. A master of Dunhuang
Yao Jing
Jinchang Taishou
Li Chun
The county brings down the light. So Liangzhou Huyi are attached to the light. The Master of Wuwei
Penzi
Capture Liang Xi to surrender, Lu Guang killed Liang Xi.
Lu Guang into the Gu Zang, since the lead Liangzhou governor, table Du Jin for Wuwei Taishou, since more than will Zuo, each received positions. Liangzhou counties are down in Lv Guang, only Jiuquan Taishou
Song Hao
The West County magistrate
Sopam
Wait for them not to surrender. Lu Guang later captured Suopan alive and said to him, "I was ordered to stay in the Western regions, but Liang Xi refused to let me return, so why should you attach yourself to this sinner of the court?" Suopan said: "The general was ordered to calm the Western regions, was it ever ordered to disturb Liangzhou, Liang public what crime and the general killed it?" I hate myself for not being able to report to my father.
Fu Jian
How can the personal ear watch the enemy and rebel like the Anti-Zi Pengji? When the Lord destroys the minister, he dies, which is the usual etiquette." So Lu Guang killed Solpan and Song Hao.
[63]
In September 385,
Chifu Guoren
To his subordinates: "Fu's attitude is high and he is stuck with the mob."
Yao Yang
,
Murong Chong
), can be described as a day. Husband always luck, the first shame; It's a great thing to do when you see it. Though I have little virtue, with all my wealth, how can I ignore the luck of the moment?" To Xiao Wu Tai Yuan ten years self-proclaimed big governor, big general, big single in, leading Qin, river two state pastoral, to build Yi yuan. appoint
The sound of Ajanta 埿
Is the left phase,
Branch of house
Is the right phase,
A lone shoe
Left auxiliary,
Army warriors
For the right auxiliary,
Go back to begging
For the top general. Twelve prefectures of Wucheng, Wuyang, Anggu, Wushi, Hanyang, Tianshui, Luyang, 漒, Gansong, Kuangpeng, Baima and Yuanchuan were set up, and the Warrior City was built as the capital.
[23]
[64]
In October 385,
Murong Chong
Dispatch Shang Shu order
Gao Gai
He led 50,000 men on an expedition
The Later Qin Dynasty
. The two armies engaged in a fierce battle south of Xinping, resulting in the defeat of Xiyan,
Yang Ding
Run to long Right, regather the old. Yang Ding is a native of Chouchi,
Fu Jian
Marry your daughter to him.
[24 to 25]
In 385 (the 21st year of Jianyuan of the former Qin Dynasty, the first year of Taian of the Former Qin Dynasty), Yang Ding moved to Licheng, calling himself General Longxiang and Duke of Qiuchi, and sent an envoy to give a vassal to Fu PI. Later, Yang Ding defeated later Qin several times and led troops to take back Tianshui and Liyang for the Former Qin, and the former Qin awarded him the title of Qin State Prince and Longxi King.
[86]
In September 386, the news of Fu Jian's death reached Liangzhou, and Lu Guang heard the sad news and ordered his headquarters to put on a robe of mourning for Fu Jian. In October, Lu Guang announced the change of yuan Taian. In December, Lu Guang claimed to make Zhijie, Shi Zhong, great governor of China and foreign countries, governor of Long Right, Hexi military, general, Liangzhou pastoral, Jiuquan Gong, established
After cooling
.
[13]
July 394, Emperor of the former Qin Dynasty
Funden
在马毛山以南跟后秦皇帝
Yao Xing
Engaged in the Battle of the Abandoned bridge was later Qin
Yin Wei
Routed, captured alive and beheaded, Prince
Fu Chong
Go to (a place) for refuge
Huangzhong
Declare yourself emperor. In October, Fu Chong was given the head of Western Qin
Go back to begging
Banished to the Longxi king
Yang Ding
The two men joined forces to attack the Western Qin Dynasty and were attacked by the Western Qin Dynasty Liangzhou
A beggar's weapon
The former Qin dynasty was officially destroyed. After the collapse of the former Qin dynasty, the clan Fu Qin was not killed by other countries, and the clan became officials in many countries, among which
The post-hate countries
Main.
The former Qin Dynasty was once the largest territory in the northern regime, known as "the sea in the east, Qiuci in the west, Xiangyang in the south, and the desert in the north." All the countries in the Northeast and the Western regions sent envoys to establish diplomatic relations with the former Qin, only the Eastern Jin in the southeast corner confronted him with the Huai River and the Han River
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907)
Is bounded.
[13]
The territory is far beyond
Former Zhao Dynasty
,
A later dynasty (Zhao)
later
The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
,
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (770-476 B.C.)
The territory is not so vast.
According to the
Qing Dynasty
period
Hong Yangji
"
Annals of sixteen kingdoms
According to the records, in the heyday of the former Qin Dynasty, there were 22 states, 135 counties, eight guards, and 734 counties.
During his rule, Fu Jian used Han scholars from Kansai and Hedong areas,
Wang Meng
,
Dunchaung
,
Scepter
,
Xue Zan
,
Zhu O
,
Ren Qun
,
Han Yin
,
Huang Fu Fu
,
Imperial scriptures
,
Pei Yu
All of them held important positions in the court, and implemented the policy of restraining the nobility of all ethnic groups and expanding the imperial power. A series of measures were taken to consolidate his rule in politics and economy. Fu Jian also restored the Wei Jin scholar, admitted
intelligentsia
Privilege, absorption of Han scholars to participate in the regime, expanding the class base of Hu-Han joint rule.
Fu Jian Dynasty Han county Wangyi
Jingzhao Wechsler
, Luo Yangquan, Tianshui Jiang,
Valenhove's
,
Longxi Li
,
The Kiyoha family
,
Hadong Pei
Main. The county chief, the town general, the duke, and the Han staff of the emperor were named as the Han family of Yanjun,
Cheongha Choi Family
, Dunhuang Soxhlet,
Bohai-Gao
, Wei Jun Shen, Luoyangyuan,
Tianshui Zhao family
Hanoi Chang Shi, Wu Wei
Jia
Main.
[55] 40 -
[76]
This measure adopted by Fu Jian was very wise, making the nomadic people who lived by plunder gradually evolve into a semi-peasant and semi-herding people. By teaching and guiding the Xianbei nationality dominated by Tuoba in Mobei to learn farming and making a living, Fu Jian implemented the practice of taking one out of three and two out of five, which could not only protect the border but also ensure the safety of the people. And let the families of the kingdom engage in production. Since then, the culture and living standards of Xianbei people in Mobei have been improved significantly, which has played an active role in ethnic integration and laid the foundation of Sinicization in the later Northern Wei Dynasty. This policy was also adopted by later Emperor Daowu
Tuoba GUI
They took over and reinvented it, formed the disbanding system, and since then,
The Northern Dynasties
The North was no longer largely divided, as you can see
Li Bang
The book of...
Northern Wei Dynasty Pingcheng period
".
[36]
Near Gyeonggi Province
Sipyeong
There are many nobles who returned from the square, these people have no regard for the law and run amuck. And the beginning of the peace of the public security is a mess, the people suffer unspeakable. Fu Jian wisely appointed Wang Meng as the first Ping command, allowing him to govern the place.
Wang Meng
Upon his arrival, he affirmed law and discipline, distinguished good from evil, and suppressed local lawlessness and power. These powerful and local officials collude for a long time, overbearing, where will put Wang Meng in the eyes, as usual willful. Wang Meng did what he said, and immediately whipped and killed a wicked official who had committed a crime. Seeing this, these magnates quickly encouraged the evil official's evil friends to write a "complaint". Soon, Fu Jian Pai
Wang Meng
,
Dunchaung
Two people to check the strong and bad deeds, was turned out of the strong as many as twenty people, deeply employed affairs relationship with the rise and fall of government, so recall incompetent Shangshu left Cheng Zhuo, changed to Wang Meng Shangshu left Cheng, Xianyang internal history, assisted him to deal with the government.
[26]
[80
]
In order to motivate students to study, Fu Jian vigorously promoted the traditional measure of learning while excelling in official affairs. According to the book of Jin · Fu Jian record, "Jian personally came to the imperial school, the merits and merits of students, and the first product." Ask the five classics, the doctor can not be right." At first, it was "three times a month", but later it was changed to "once a month".
Kien Won
The first year (365), "Yongzhou scholar
Duan Keng
Countermeasures on the first, the official officials. More than ten people, all of them worship the king." Jianyuan eight years (372) in March, Fu Jian under the edcript: "Guandong people learn to pass, to become an art, in so gifts sent." Those who cannot learn and become an artist when they are above the official hundred stones shall return them to the people." In the same year, "After Wei and Jin scholars, the service is often heard." All improper paths and Canon studies are forbidden. Firm Lintai learning, examination students by righteousness, the first to promote the eighty-three ".
[82
]
Fu Jian respected Confucianism and set up schools, not only for the sake of vassal elegance or to seek fame and fame, but for the purpose of cultivating qualified ruling talents for the regime. During the period of Fu Jian's rule, it was not only the bureaucratic sons of the Di and Han ethnic groups who entered the Imperial School to teach, but also the upper class members of other ethnic groups could receive education in the Imperial School. According to "The book of Jin · Fu Jian record", Fu Jian after the extinction of the generation, "with the wings of health famine, not participate in benevolence and righteousness, so that into the learning ceremony." After the event, Fu Jian asked Fu Yi Jian: "Is it good to learn?" He said, "If it is not good to learn, what does your Majesty use your minister for?" Fu Jian was quite satisfied with this answer. According to the records in "Zizhi Tongjian · Volume 103", Fu Jian was the eighth year of Jianyuan (372).
Fu Rong
Wang Meng out of town Jizhou, in the state to build the academy, Jizhou famous scholars
Kao Tai
Thought this would be comparable
Jixia
Lu Zhi
A surname
In the same breath. A surname
preswallow
In the old place, Fu Rong built a school here, and there should also be some children of the Xianbei aristocrats enrolled for education.
[34]
The system of recommending reward and punishment and the new standard of selecting officials changed the situation that the noble family monopolized the court at that time, and favored the people from poor families with talent and virtue to enter the political life of the country, and negated the situation since the Western Jin Dynasty
The Yongjia Rebellion
Since then, many Hu-warlord rulers have believed in force and despised the backward concept of culture and knowledge, which has effectively improved the intelligence quality of bureaucrats at all levels in the pre-Qin Dynasty, and a new situation of "making full use of talents and officials claiming their duties" has gradually taken shape, and the social atmosphere and social security have also changed.
The former Qin Dynasty had leading general, central army general, army defense general, left and right guard general, military guard general and other posts, which had the function of proscription. At the beginning of the former Qin Dynasty,
Fu Jian
Appoint at will
Fu Jing
General Wei, the Duke of Pyeongchang, used for the second palace, ranking second courtier, it can be seen that General Wei is the highest level of the former Qin forbidden military officers.
[77
]
During the Fu Jian period of the former Qin Dynasty, there were four armies, five schools, Xiao You, middle base, strong crossbow and other positions.
[78
]
Front, back, left and right four forbidden generals in the former Qin praetorian military attackman system is quite distinctive, the four forbidden generals command the deployment of Yulin riding, should be the middle army.
[79
]
After the collapse of the former Qin Dynasty,
The Later Qin Dynasty
The praetorian military attache system mainly inherited from the former Qin Dynasty,
The Western Qin Dynasty
The political system of the regime also had its own characteristics, but more inherited the pre-Qin system.
[60
]
The eight defense army system of the former Qin Dynasty had a great influence on later generations.
The Later Qin Dynasty
There was a military town system,
The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
Initial establishment
General of town
And then there was defense
Pingcheng
the
Liuzhen
The emergence of this kind of system has a relationship with the military defense system in the former Qin Dynasty, and can even be said to be its evolution and development
Jiang Fuya
The book of...
History of the former Qin Dynasty
".
[35]
For economic recovery, the founding emperor of the former Qin Dynasty
Fu Jian
Pay special attention. He abrogates
A later dynasty (Zhao)
Harsh government, advocating diligence and frugality, reducing the burden of the people, every time there is a famine, they will exempt the people from taxes, and they will also cut their meals, expressing their willingness to share the famine with the people.
[58] 57 -
Guanzhong suffered from prolonged war and economic ruin,
Fu Jian
Faced with this situation after taking the throne, the government formulated a series of measures to protect the people's production and living activities, strengthen agricultural production, and increase national wealth. Improving agricultural production environment and developing agricultural production can be achieved by excavating hills, dredging ditches, building terraces, transforming saline-alkali land, recruiting displaced people, reducing rent and tax, and rewarding cultivation. Through these means, the economy of Guanzhong Plain was restored and developed, the Treasury of the former Qin was enriched, and the national power of the former Qin was greatly enhanced.
During the drought, Fu Jian not only ordered to save and open the resources of mountain ze to share with the people, but also supervised the people to cultivate, and he himself more personally cultivated by the field
A surname
Raising silkworm by oneself shows the importance of agriculture.
[80
]
In 377, Fu Jian started the excavation
Jing canal
Open Jing water on the source, chisel the mountain embankment, through the channel and profane, to Gaigang Lu, and spring, the people rely on its benefits. The construction of Jing Canal and the implementation of the regional seed law during Fu Jian's time in the former Qin Dynasty greatly contributed to the development of agriculture of Huaxia nation, and made an important contribution to the disaster resistance of Guanzhong people in later generations.
After more than ten years of operation, the former Qin Dynasty was already "people thinking and encouraging, the number of teachers, the thieves stopped, the roads were closed, the fields were restored, the funds were full, the laws and objects were not known". Put out
preswallow
After, Fu Jian still attached great importance to production, had "early in the territory, class people area species", that is, the implementation
Of Universal Victory
The district field law. Also had "Guanzhong water and drought from time to time, discuss according to Zheng, white story, send its princely and rich room boy thirty thousand people, open Jing water on the source, cut the mountain dyke, through the channel to irrigate the field." It is formed in the spring, and the people depend on it."
[14
]
The former Qin Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty
A later dynasty (Zhao)
Instead of raiding the common people wantonly, Emperor Jingming of the former Qin did not like to build a large-scale palace building, instead, he reduced taxes and tried to increase the income of the common people through border trade. Fu Jian took advantage of the border between Qin and Jin and the convenient location of Danshui and Luohe River to set up Jingzhou in Fengyang, specifically to buy the southern gold and strange goods and the lacquer wax of the bow rod.
[58] 57 -
Fu Jian continued to carry out Fu Jian's policy of "pass through the city and come to the far business" without restriction. In the Book of Jin · Fu Jian, there is a paragraph describing the situation of Guanlong: "Guanlong Qing banquet, the people have plenty of music. From Chang 'an to the states, all the road trees sophora willow, twenty miles a pavilion, forty miles a stage. Travelers get their supplies on the road, merchants and merchants on the road. The people sang: 'Chang 'an Street, sandwiching trees Yang Huai, walking down the Zhu wheel, there is Luan Qi, Yingyan gathered, I Meng Li.' This is completely different from when the Western Jin Dynasty collapsed, "in the city of Chang 'an, the households were not filled with hundreds, the walls were decadent, and the spines were in the forest", and the meter was worth two and two gold. The economy of Guanlong area has developed on the basis of recovery.
[14
]
The pre-Qin Dynasty paid attention to education construction.
Culture and education
and
Rites and music
Are the most sixteen countries, and emerged from all walks of life, such as
Wang Jia
,
Su Tong
,
Liu Xiang
,
Zhao Zhi
,
Guo Yu
,
upright
,
Liang Xi
,
Dharma sum
,
Su Hui
,
Fu Rong
,
Fu Lang
,
Wang Huan
,
Buddha Dao 'an
,
Xuan Wenjun
,
The Sangha Deva
,
Lezun monk
,
Tamananda
Et al.
Fu Jian
At repulse
Huan Wen
After that, she agreed three rules with the Guanlong people, cultivated Confucianism, and implemented the policy of Sinicization. Under the governance of Fu Jian, the culture and education of the pre-Qin Dynasty also flourished.
[59]
Fu Jian
Ordered a wide range of academic officers, county students as long as the knowledge of or above will be awarded, but also to honor the talented and hard to cultivate the field of people, so that people hope to be encouraged by the court, advocating honesty, integrity, and abundant materials. Fu Jian more monthly in person to Taixi exam pull students, after the elimination of the former Yan more in Chang 'an sacrifice
Confucius
Wait for the Chinese sages. while
Wang Meng
,
Fu Rong
,
Xuan Wenjun
Such people also help Fu Jian to rectify the custom, so that the national school gradually prosperous. The Guanlong area under Fu Jian was rich and stable, the area restored order, industry and commerce flourished, and there was a prosperous scene. Even after the death of Wang Meng, Fu Jian continued to honor Confucianism, not only ordering the sons of princes, princes and officials, as well as the four prohibitions,
[27
]
Second guard, fourth corps commander
[28]
All the officers and soldiers were to be taught, and the harem and concubines also had a Canon school to teach eunuchs and maidservants in the palace classics.
It is also strictly prohibited
Lao Zhuang
and
prophecy
Doctrine. Later, in the Western Regions, the Dayuan State offered horses, Fu Jian worshipped Emperor Wen of Han, so he followed suit
Emperor Wen of Han
Returning the Qianli horses that had paid tribute, he also ordered his ministers to write "Stopping Ma Poems" and send them to the Western regions to show that they had no desire to take Qianli horses, and eventually more than 400 people offered poems.
Wei and Jin dynasties, especially the end of the Jin Dynasty
The Yongjia Rebellion
Since then, with the frequent wars, Confucian scholars have rarely survived, and most Confucian classics have been lost. The situation was exactly as Dr
Wang Shi
What he said: "Liu, stone overthrew Huagi, the two are Ju MAO grass, Confucian rare or exist, grave records and Moji, the destruction of the study, if the emperor elected." However, this situation changed greatly during the Pre-Qin period, because Fu Jian, the key figure of the Pre-Qin regime,
Wang Meng
,
Fu Rong
,
Fu Lang
,
Zhu O
They all advocated Confucianism, so the famous Confucian scholars at that time
Wang Huan
,
Gong Sunyong
,
Guo Yu
, Hu debate,
Su Tong
,
Liu Xiang
Many of them were recruited to Chang 'an or Luoyang. Such as Leling people Wang Huan, a poor music, specialized and studious, especially good "the Book of Songs", is known as the Tongru of the Guanto, the former Yan Doctor, the country son sacrifice wine. Fu Jian after the extinction of Yan, to an che Pu lun to recruit Wang Huan as the state son of the sacrifice wine (" Book of Jin "volume 93" Confucian · Wang Huan "" Book of Jin · Fu Jian bearing record"). Like the people of Xiangping
Gong Sunyong
"Little and studious Tianxu", "chant between rocks, happy to be pleased with themselves", Fu Jian want to "prepare the gift of", considering his high road far, so make greetings. After Gongsun Yong's death, he was named "Mr. Chongxu" (Book of Jin, vol. 94, "Seclusion · Gongsun Yong Biography"). Since the rebellion of Yongjia, Liangzhou has been in a corner and more stable, and the scholars of Central Plains have moved west to avoid the chaos. After the unification of Liangzhou in the pre-Qin Dynasty, special attention was paid to the famous scholars of Liangzhou. Dunhuang people
Guo Yu
"Proficient in the classics, elegant debate and discussion, many talents, good at writing",
Theory of Spring and autumn
"And" The Classic of Filial Piety "and other books, his disciples have recorded more than 1,000 people. Fu Jian special prepared a car wheel to recruit Guo Yu to the capital, participate in the development of the ceremonial system, just the value of Guo Yu's father died wake, so had to order Taishou Xin Zhang selected three hundred scholars to receive the inheritance (" Book of Jin "volume 94" Recluse · Guo Yu biography "). According to the "Book of Jin · Yao Xing record" : "Liangzhou Hu Bian, Fu Jian at the end, the east to Luoyang, taught more than a thousand disciples, Guanzhong later more to the request for industry." It can be seen that at that time, Fu Jian was recruited to the Liangzhou famous scholars in the Guanzhong area, the number of people would not be too small.
While recruiting Confucian scholars extensively, Fu Jian also attached great importance to collecting and sorting out various Confucian classics. "Book of Jin" volume 96 "Liunio Weizhen mother Song biography", Fu Jian "taste the lucky Taixue, ask doctor classic, is a pity rites and music left que. Dr. Lu Kun said to him: 'The study has been abandoned for a long time, and the books have been scattered. This year, I compiled them and collected them in a serious and rough way. I see things too often
A surname
Mother Song Shi Shi Shi female, passed its father's business, get "Zhou Guan Yin Yi", this year eighty, audiovisual without que, since this mother has no to teach later life. So the Song family set up a lecture hall, with a hundred and twenty students, and took over the work behind a crimson veil
Xuan Wenjun
He gave ten maidservants. "Zhou Guan" study resumed in the world, called Wei Shi Song mother Yan." Also according to
Taiping imperial view
Fu Jian was informed by volume 23 of the Sixteen States Spring and Autumn and Former Qin Records
Su Tong
and
Liu Xiang
Be good at
The Book of Rites
"And"
etiquette
There are two special offerings, Su Tong for the "Rites" and Liu Xiang for the "Yi Rites", which are respectively placed in the East Country and the West Order, and "every new day, 100 officials will come and talk in person". Because of Fu Jian's attention and support, although the cause of Confucianism in the former Qin Dynasty began with the situation of "Confucian scholars rarely exist, grave records are destroyed and Moji, the study of destruction", but after several years of efforts, finally "serious rough set", "Yingyan gathered". The flourishing of its Confucian classics can be counted on a handful in the period of sixteen States. Chang 'an once again became the cultural center of the North.
[34]
Fu Jian made great efforts to promote Buddhism, which was famous throughout the world
Mogao Grottoes
It was in the former Qin Dynasty
Kien Won
During the years, by the former Qin monks
Lezun monk
The first cut.
In 372,
Fu Jian
Send a high priest
Koguryo
Sent to the Buddhist sutras, Buddha images, since the introduction of Buddhism into Goguryeo and other countries, Xiaorin King more to Buddhism as the national religion, Goguryeo folk called this move as "the beginning of Haidong Buddhism." In addition to that,
King of the beast forest
Influenced by Fu Jian in the former Qin Dynasty, Fu Jian promoted Confucianism and built the Imperial School widely. Fu Jian made important contributions to the development of Buddhism and Han culture on the Korean Peninsula.
In 382,
tamara
In Chang 'an, the capital of the former Qin Dynasty, he took the Sanskrit and, together with Buddhu and Hui Jin, translated into Chinese 1 volume of the Great Pin Prajna Sutra, which was presented by Kumaravarti, the former national master of Che Shi, into the Chinese language.
[38]
In 384, former Qin secretary Lang
Zhao Zhi
please
Buddha Dao 'an
They gathered learned monks in the city of Chang 'an and asked Tamananda to translate the "Arab Ham Sutra" and "Arab Ham Sutra".
Add a Ahaan sutra
", as well as previously translated "Vishanxin", "Three Fa Degrees" and other sutras, a total of 106 volumes. Translated by Buddha reading, Huisong made a record, after two years of efforts finally completed, during this time, Fu Jian led the people to resist
Xiyan
,
The Later Qin Dynasty
The rebels, buying valuable time for everyone to translate.
The pre-Qin Dynasty paid attention to education and educating the people in order to cultivate talents and improve the social atmosphere. After the Yongjia Rebellion, the Central Plains fell into war, during the troubled times, no one paid attention to the moral education, so that the Imperial School was reduced to ruins, and the original education system was abandoned in the Central Plains for a long time. Fu Jian was deeply aware of the truth that "you can immediately gain the world, but you cannot rule the world." Fu Jian restored the Imperial School and local schools at all levels, repaired the school houses, invited famous scholars to teach Confucianism, and demanded that the offspring of the Duke minister must study in the Imperial School. Fu Jian himself was full of Confucianism, and he decided to visit the imperial school three times a month to examine the classics of all students, evaluate the merits and shortcomings, and talk about knowledge with instructors such as doctors, in order to supervise school education and expand its appeal and influence. In the former Qin Dynasty, in addition to the establishment of education, it also "rites 100 gods, Jingyi, following the world", carrying forward morality and educating the people. Through these measures, the social atmosphere was new, and the atmosphere of competing for learning was flourishing day by day.
The former Qin was a feudal state composed of many nationalities, and Fu Jian made many measures of integration after his succession. Such as Longxi Xianbei leader
A lot of chivo
After the surrender, they moved Chifu and other Xianbei areas of Longxi to Chang 'an; The Murong royal family of the former Yanxianbei people and some of the Guandong rich people were moved outside the Guanzhong area, and the Dingxian people who originally lived in Zhongshan were also moved to Xin 'an. Eradication
Surrogate state
Later, Fu Jian was led by the Xiongnu tribe in the north. After Fu Luo's rebellion was put down, Fu Jian, in order to better manage the Guandong and other ethnic groups, divided 150,000 Fu Jian households from the ethnic groups originally concentrated in Guanzhong and led by their relatives out of the town, ruling the place like a feudal vassal in ancient times.
[29]
Although this dispersed the national power of the Di nationality and affected its military influence in various places, it set an example for the ethnic minorities who emigrated to Guanzhong, so that the Guanzhong people had a song saying: "Chang 'an Street, green and lush; Down chi Hua car, live husband and wife; The great men are gathered together to teach my people."
[30]
The various measures adopted by Fu's regime in the early Qin Dynasty to advocate Confucianism and uphold the traditional rites and music culture, during the integration of various ethnic groups in the North during the Sixteen States Period, were not an accidental phenomenon of Fu Jian's personal will, but an irresistible historical trend. In fact, at that time, the five Hu states in the north were basically immersed in the wind of Confucianism, and based on this ideology, they realized the historical and cultural identity and national integration between the Hu and Han ethnic groups. Because of this, once the young leaders of the Di nationality represented by Fu Jian stepped on the political stage, they would take the initiative to undertake the historical mission of "changing Yi from the summer".
[34]
The rulers of the former Qin Dynasty (
Fu Hong
,
Fu Jian
,
Fu Xiong
,
Fu Jian
The migration and development from Longyou to Guanzhong and the Central Plains, as well as the inheritance of traditional Chinese culture by his family, the reference to the Buddhist culture in the Western regions, and the acceptance of the emerging metaphysical trend of thought
The Sixteen States
The period is exemplary. Although due to various reasons, the Fu family failed to realize the dream of unifying China. However, the enterprising spirit embodied by the Fu family, its compatibility with multi-cultures and its objective effect of promoting the integration of multi-cultures are not enough for the latter Tuoba family.
The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
), Woo Wen (
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (770-476 B.C.)
The rise of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the integration of multiple cultures had a profound impact.
[87]
|
Temple title
|
Posthumous title
|
name
|
Table character
|
Honor the former title and posthumous title
|
Birth, death and reign
|
remark
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
“惠武”皇帝（苻健追谥）
[72]
|
Hiroshi
|
Three Qin Kings
|
From 285 to 350
|
Fu Jianfu
|
||
|
-
|
Emperor Wenhuan (Fu Jian Fu's posthumous title)
[73]
|
yuancai
|
King of Wei, posthumous title Jingwu
|
From 319 to 354
|
Fu Jianfu
|
|
Temple title
|
Posthumous title
|
name
|
Table character
|
Birth and death
|
Time in place
|
Year number and time of use
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
great-great-grandfather
|
"Jingming" Emperor
|
Jianye County
|
317-355 years
|
351 (positive) - 355 (Sat)
|
Years 351 -- 355
|
||
|
-
|
The more "severe" king
|
Long life
|
335-357 years
|
355 (Sat) - 357 (Sat)
|
355 -- 357 years
|
||
|
A surname
|
Emperor Xuanzhao
|
Permanent permanent
|
338-385
|
357 (6) - 385 (8)
|
From 357 to 359
|
||
|
The years 359 -- 364
|
|||||||
|
365 years -- 385 years
|
|||||||
|
-
|
"Aiping" Emperor
|
A surname
|
? - 386 years
|
385 (8) - 386 (11)
|
385 -- 386
|
||
|
A surname
|
"High" Emperor
|
Van Gogh
|
From 343 to 394
|
386 (Xi) - 394 (VII)
|
From 386 to 394
|
||
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
? - The year 394
|
394 (7) - 394 (10)
|
The year 394
|
||
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
? - 399 years
|
399
|
-
|
399 years
|
|
|
1. The Book of Jin contains: twenty-three years, two years in office, pseudonym Li King.
2. Although Fu Jian's posthumous title was "Emperor", he did not call himself emperor, but was named Tianwang of the Qin Dynasty (like the son of Zhou Tianwang).
3. "In the first month of Spring (February 13 - March 13, 351) Ding You, the sun eclipses it. Xin Chou (February 17, 351), Xianbei
niche
Giving the city of Qingzhou, Fu Jian assumed the title of king, Qin." It can be seen that Fu Jian said that the Emperor of Qin and the title of the kingdom were in the first month of the seventh year of Yonghe, that is, the first month of 351 years old.
4. About Fu Jian's words,"
The Book of Jin
As "Construction Industry",
History of Wei Dynasty
"Building the world".
5.399, brother of Fu Den
Fu Guang
Briefly restored and defeated
Namyan
general
Murong Zhong
He was eventually killed by Murong De.
|
|||||||
|
leader
|
Reign title
|
Start and end time
|
Service time
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
352 (positive) - (Five)
|
Five months
|
||
|
Black dragon
|
374 (6) - (9)
|
4 months
|
