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Sima Yan (236-16 May 290) was Emperor Wudi of the Jin Dynasty
[1]
, Hanoi County
Wen County
(now
Henan Province
Wen County) people. The founding emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty
[108]
February 8, 266
[108]
- May 16, 290
[109]
Reign), Emperor Xuan of Jin
Sima Yi
His grandson, Emperor Wen of Jin
Sima Zhao
Eldest son of the legal wife
[1]
Mother is the queen of civilization
Wang Yuanji
.
Sima Yan was born
Hanoi Sima Shi
. At the beginning of the door shade into official, seal Beiping pavilion Hou. After Ying set up Wei Yuan emperor
Cao Huan
Grant Fu Jun, into the seal of Xinchang township Hou, Fu Jun general, Jin prince
[113]
.
Hamxi
Two years (265 years)
[111]
), worship the prime minister, attack the title
King of Jin
. The same year
[108]
Sima Yan forced Emperor Yuan of Wei
Cao Huan
abdicate
Take the throne as emperor
[2]
The Western Jin Dynasty was founded
[108]
, renamed the title
Taishi
. In his early years, he reformed politics and revitalized the economy. Implement strict frugality, promote the rule of law, and enact
Household mode
Promote population growth, make the economy and society present a prosperous scene, known as"
The rule of Taikang
".
[3]
Xianning
Five years (279 years)
[110]
), start
The Battle of Jin against Wu
To achieve national unity. Since then, arrogant extravagance, lazy political affairs, divided the Kings, as"
The Rebellion of the Eight Kings
"Lay down hidden dangers.
Taixi
April the eleventh day of the first year (May 16, 290)
[4]
Sima Yan died of illness at the age of 55, posthumous title Wu Emperor, temple number Shizu, buried in
Junyang Mausoleum
.
[4]
- Full name
- Sima Yan
- word
- Yen the
- Posthumous title
- Wu Emperor
- title
- Beiping Ting Marquis, Xinchang Township Marquis, Prince of Jin, King of Jin (before declaring himself emperor) [5] [8]
- Temple number
- A surname
- Year number
- Taishi, Xianning, Taikang, Taixi
- 's
- Sima
- Ethnic group
- The Han nationality
- Place of Birth
- Luoyang (Located in present Luoyang City, Henan Province)
- Date of birth
- 236 years
- Date of death
- May 16, 290
- Place of death
- Hall of Hamzhang (Located in present Luoyang City, Henan Province)
- mausoleum
- Junyang Mausoleum
- Time in place
- 8 February 266 to 16 May 290 [108-109]
- succeed
- Jin Xiaohui Emperor Sima Zhong
- Major achievement
-
Establishment of the Jin Dynasty
The south destroyed Wu and unified China - Be educated and educated
- Hanoi Win District (Located in Wen County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province)
catalogue
- 1biography
- ▪Prince of Jin
- ▪Usurp the Wei Dynasty and establish a state
- ▪Unification after the overthrow of Wu
- ▪Die of laziness
- 2Administrative measures
- ▪political
- ▪Military affairs
- ▪economy
- ▪culture
- 3Historical evaluation
- ▪Character review
- ▪Commentary of the past dynasties
- 4Anecdotal allusion
Sima Yanwei
Cao Wei
Powerful minister
Sima Zhao
The eldest son in Cao Wei
Gia Binh
During the years to seal Beiping Pavilion Marquis, successive to the matter, in the car,
Center base general
Add scattered riding constant service, tired transfer in the guard army, false section. Later on
Dongwuyang County
Greet the village of Changdao
Cao Huan
After entering the throne, then moved to Fu Jun, into seal Xinchang township Marquis.
[5]
Sima Yan stood with his hair dragging to the ground and his arms hanging over his knees. But his brother
Sima Yau
(Adopted
A surname
"Sex filial friends, multi-material art, clear and peaceful", fame is higher than Sima Yan, so Sima Zhao intends to let Sima You inherit the throne. Sima Yan asked
Bae Xiu
"People have phase or not", Pei Xiu saw Sima Yan's different phase, he returned to him. Yang Xiu also helped Sima Yan to make suggestions, observe the gains and losses of the current administration, and let Sima Yan remember in advance, in case Sima Zhao asked. Later, when Sima Zhao formally raised the issue of establishing reserves,
Mountain wave
,
Jia Chong
,
ever
,
Bae Xiu
All against
Sima Yau
Advocate standing Sima Yan. thereupon
Hamxi
In October of the first year (264), Sima Yan was appointed Prince.
[6]
[106]
In May of the second year of Xian Xi (265), Emperor Cao Huan of Wei Yuan added Sima Zhao
Special ceremony
After entering the princess, the prince was the prince, thus Sima Yan also became the prince of Jin.
[7]
[107]
In August of the same year, Sima Zhao
apoplexy
Sudden death
Sima Yan inherited his father's
Prime minister
Position sum
King of Jin
A title of nobility.
[8]
Sima Yan, Emperor Wudi of Jin
Taishi four years (268), Sima Yan's mother Empress Dowager
Wang Yuanji
Pass away
[11]
Buried in Chongyang Mausoleum
[12]
; In September, floods occurred in Qing, Xu, Yan and Yu prefectures.
Ilo
Fill the river, open the granary to relieve the victims
[13]
.
Taishi six years (270), Shou Anting Hou as the king of the southern palace; Make an emperor
Sima Cambode
As the king of Runan; Wu Xiakou, former general
Sun Xiu
He led his troops to surrender, and served as General of Pyu, chief of the Imperial Palace, and chief of three departments, and was awarded the title of Kuaiji Duke
[14]
.
In the ninth year (273) of the beginning of the Thai Dynasty, the emperor was appointed
Sima Gii
King of the East Sea
[15]
.
Tai first ten years (274), Wu Weibei general
Yan Cong
Yangwei General stern, partial general Zhu Buy surrender
[16]
; In the same year, the South Shanshan Mountain was cut, the Yellow River was decided, and the Yellow River was injected into the Luoshui River to the east, so that the water transport was smooth
[17]
.
In the first year of Xianning (275), he honored Emperor Xuan
Sima Yi
[18]
The temple name is Gaozu, Jingdi
A surname
[19]
Sejong, Emperor Moon
Sima Zhao
[20]
As the first founder of a dynasty
[21]
; The plague killed half of Luoyang's population
[22]
.
Xianning two years (276), established
Yang Zhi
(Cousin Yang Yan) is the queen
[23]
; Wu's generals Shao Kai and Xia Xiang led more than 7,000 men to surrender
[24]
.
Xianning three years (277), will be Fufeng king
Sima Liang
He was renamed the King of Runan and the King of Dongguan
Sima 伷
He was renamed King of Luang Evil and King of Ruyin
Sima Jun
He was renamed King Fufeng, King Luang Evil
Sima Lun
He was renamed King of Zhao, and Sima Fu, King of Bohai, was renamed King of Taiyuan, King of Taiyuan
司马颙
He was renamed King of Hejian, King of Beihai
Sima Mausoleum
He was renamed the King of Ren Cheng, the King of Chen
Sima Bin
He was renamed the King of Xihe and the King of Runan
Sima Cambode
He was renamed King of Nanyang, and Sima Tan, king of Jinan, was renamed King of Zhongshan and King of Hejian
Smmawe
He was renamed King Zhang Wu
[25]
; Make an emperor
Sima Wei
For the first king of peace,
Sima Yun
For the King of Puyang,
Simagai
As the new capital king,
Sima Ya
He was king of Qinghe and Marquis of Juping
A surname
For the south city marquis
[26]
; The wind uprooted trees, and the weather became suddenly cold. Frost fell in five counties, hurting the grain
[27]
.
In the fourth year of Xianning (278), several earthquakes occurred in Yinping and Guangwu
[28]
; Doctor Sima
procedure
Offering the pheasant-headed fur, the emperor banned the spread of the pheasant-headed fur on the grounds of the strange ceremony, and burned it in front of the temple
[29]
; General Liu Fan and General Li Wu of the State of Wu
origination
Forfeit Game
[30]
.
In the fifth year of Xianning (279) and the first year of Taikang (280), Jin sent an army to attack Wu
[31]
The collapse of Soochow
[32]
That's the end of it
Three kingdoms
The situation.
The first year of Taikang (280),
Hadong
Gao Ping, Sanhe,
Wei County
,
Hongnong
There was hail in many places, which hurt the crops
[33-35]
, the issuance of household mode, including the occupation of the field system, household modulation and the official occupation of the field Yin custom system.
Taikang two years (281), Huainan, Danyang earthquake; East Yi five internal annexation; It rained hail, and a strong wind tore up the trees, and destroyed the houses of the people. There were floods in Jiangxia and Taishan, and more than 300 families were exiled. Shangdang encountered a storm and hail
[36]
; A comet appeared near Zhang and Xuanyuan
[37]
.
Taikang three years (282), General Anbei
grill
in
A surname
Defeat Xianbei
Murong 廆
Killing tens of thousands of people
[38]
.
In the fourth year of Taikang (283), King Duo died
39 - [40]
A solar eclipse occurs
[41]
Gunzhou, Henan and Jingzhou, Yangzhou hair flood
[42]
Zanging Ke Liao, more than 2,000 villages are under the jurisdiction of the mainland.
[43]
In 289, 慕容廆 surrendered to the Jin Dynasty
[44]
.
During the reign of Sima Yan, the same name of the Kings
[45]
County for the country, set up sergeant, hope to maintain each other, arch the center. Sima Yan took a series of economic measures to develop production, repeatedly ordered county officials to persuade farmers and mulberry classes, and prohibited private placement of tenants. Recruit the former Wu-Shu area people to the north, enrich the north, and abolish the camp system, make the camp people become the state county editor. The Taikang years saw a boom. Emperor Wudi of Jin viewed
Cao Wei
At the end of the period, the government was strict, the customs were decadent, and the life was luxurious.
[46]
Cannot be given by the beholder
Gu man
Five Dendrobium, free from debt and burden, Zhao county state guard phase patrol county, and can accommodate outspoken. He also paid attention to the law and explained it to the people personally
Jia Chong
They published the law amendment order and heard the proceedings in person
[47]
.
After the destruction of Wu, Sima Yan gradually neglected political affairs and indulging in lewdness. In order to consolidate the imperial power, he ennobles the family, so that the Kings command the army and horses to each side. However, after the death of Emperor Wudi, the Kings fought each other for central power, resulting in a 16-year civil war, according to history
The Rebellion of the Eight Kings
.
In the first year of Taixi (290), Sima Yan was seriously ill and did not entrust the state affairs to the important ministers, and the founding heroes had died, and the courtiers were terrified and did not know what to do. Kokujo
Yang Jun
(
Yang Zhi
The father of the exclusion of minister, personally in Sima Yan around the service, and take the opportunity to replace the minister at will, promote their own confidants. Sima Yan condition slightly improved, see Yang Jun used improper people, he said to Yang Jun seriously: "How can you do this!" So to the book issued an edcript, summoned the Runan king Sima Liang and Yang Jun to assist the royal family. Yang Jun was afraid of losing his power and trust, so he borrowed the edict from the book and hid it. Commissioner of Chinese literature
Hua 廙
Fear, personally find Yang Jun to bull, Yang Jun dont give. After two days, Sima Yan critically ill, Yang Zhi play please let Yang Jun support, Sima Yan nodded. So Empress Yang summoned Hua 廙 and the order of the Book of China
He Shao
Verbally conveyed Sima Yan's will and let them make a legacy. After the will was written, Yang Zhi and Hua 廙, He Shao jointly presented to Sima Yan, Sima Yan did not speak after reading, died two days later, at the age of 55, buried in Junyang Mausoleum
[4]
[48]
.
-
Take power, usurp power, establish Jin Dynasty
In the second year of Xian Xi (265), Sima Zhao died of illness and Sima Yan succeeded him
Prime minister
He ascended to the throne and held the country's military and political power. After careful preparation, in December of the same year, follow suit
Cao PI
The story of Dehan, preparing himself for the throne. After Sima Yan took over as Prime Minister, some people were instructed by Sima Yan to persuade the Wei Emperor
Cao Huan
Step aside early. Soon after, Cao Huan issued an edit saying: "King of Jin, your family has assisted the emperor from generation to generation, and the world has received the grace of the Sima family, God wants me to give you the throne of emperor, please comply with the mandate of heaven, do not refuse!" Sima Yan pretended to give in many times. Sima Yan's confidant
ever
,
General Defender
Jia Chong
Others, led the Manchu civil and military officials repeatedly remonstration. Sima Yan refused several times before accepting Emperor Cao Huan
abdicate
[2]
, awarded Cao Huan
A surname
. In the second year of Xian Xi (265), Sima Yan ascended to the throne, the state title Jin, known as the Western Jin. The change of yuan to Tai began, Cao Wei then died. But at this time Sima Yan heart is not easy, he is very clear, although he ascended the throne, but the crisis still exists.
From the inside, his grandfather and father, in order to pave the way for the Sima family to seize the throne, once carried out a brutal massacre of the three ethnic groups headed by Cao Shuang and their affiliated forces, which still casts a shadow in people's hearts. From the outside, although Shu Han was peaceful, Sun Wu was still there, and although Eastern Wu was not enough to compete with Jin at this time, it was still a small threat. In order to consolidate the political power, and then complete the great cause of annexing Soochow and unifying China, we must first strengthen the cohesion of the ruling group itself, and to achieve this goal, we must adopt a policy of conciliation. Sima Yan in the first year of his reign, that is, let the emperor of Wei, who has become the king of Chen Liu, carry the banner of Tianzi, the line of Wei Zhengshuo, and the ritual and music system of the world are as old as Wei. At the same time, he also gave a son of the Duke of Anle Liu Chan as the emperor's son-in-law, and lifted the imprisonment of the Han House in the second year. This not only eased the troubles in the court, especially eliminated the psychological fear of the Cao family who had become the rule object of the Sima family, but also settled the hearts of the Shu Han people, and then won the favor of the Wu people.
In order to get the country out of the turbulent environment as soon as possible and lay a solid foundation for unification, inaction and loose policy became the founding spirit of the Western Jin Dynasty. This nation-building spirit is fully reflected in various fields of the country.
In 268, Sima Yan's imperial bull clearly pointed out: "In order to preserve the Jin Dynasty forever, we now take the law of inaction as the core of ruling the nations." In the same year, he also issued five edicts to the county: one day, two days to work the people, three days to care for orphans and widows, four days to settle down, and five days to personnel. At that time, the founder of the Cao Wei Dynasty
Cao Cao
Following the turbulent politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to calm people's hearts and restore national power, a relatively loose and open, thrifty and realistic governance strategy was implemented. However, by the end of Cao Ei's reign, the politics became stricter and the social atmosphere became corrupt, and Cao Cao's style in that year no longer existed. In order to satisfy his own selfish desires, the emperor often constantly transferred the powerful material burden to the people, and the long-term war made the people in addition to the dismal livelihood, but also added a sense of fear and exhaustion in the psychology. In this case, Sima Yan did the opposite, and proposed the strategy of a powerful country with no action is the most suitable.
Sima Yan carried out a series of reforms in the measures of governing the country. Sima Yan's reform of the political system inherited from Cao Wei, there are different innovations, some for
The Eastern Jin Dynasty (917-907)
The practice of the Northern and Southern Dynasties profoundly affected the politics of the Western Jin Dynasty and its later years.
1. The initial establishment of the system of three provinces
The Wei Dynasty of the Western Jin Dynasty, like the Han Dynasty of the Cao Wei Dynasty, carried on peacefully in the way of the royal dynasty, and most of the dignitaries of the Cao Wei Dynasty became the founding fathers of the new dynasty. After Sima Yan became emperor, he imitated the ancient names, mixed modern systems, and set up Taizai,
A surname
,
Grand protector
,
A surname
,
A surname
,
commonplace
,
Dassima
,
Senior general
And so on and so forth
Hachikimi
To favor your minister and your family. Among them, Taiwei, Situ, and Siong were still known as prime ministers along the Han and Wei dynasties, but in addition to Situ, they also had the authority to take charge of the township goods of the scholars in the prefecture, and like the other five Gong, almost all of them were honor and virtual titles. On account of
Cao Shuang
And Sima father and son have manipulated
Cao Wei
During the period of political power, they all used the Shangshu organization to give orders, so that the Shangshu organization with increasing power since the Han and Wei Dynasties gained the decision-making power of the imperial government in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Shangshudae
(province) to
Order of a minister
,
The old man shoots the old man
At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, the official officials were placed under the throne.
Sankung
,
A surname
,
Driving part
,
Degree branch
Field six Shangshu, and then changed to official ministry, temple, five soldiers, field Cao, degree branch, six Shangshu left people, six Shangshu points in charge of 35 Cao, each Cao to take specific responsibility.
Shangshudae
prefect
Order of a minister
Whether in name or in terms of authority, Shangshu servant has become a real prime minister to assist the emperor in dealing with political affairs, and sometimes the emperor also sets the record Shangshu post to appoint the power of favor, and deals with Shangshu desk affairs, too often
A surname
And local officials, acting on orders from the Shangshu Desk.
[49]
It was set by Cao Wei
Chinese book province
prefect
Commissioner of Chinese literature
The Order of the Book was not only in charge of the drafting of imperial edicts and documents, but also participated in political affairs, and its status and reputation were greatly improved compared with that of Cao and Wei.
Mohsia province
prefect
A surname
,
The horseman always serves
While maintaining the power to provide policy advice to the emperor at the emperor's side, they also gained the authority to review the copywriting issued by the Shang Dynasty institutions, and their power increased. In this way, the three provinces basically replaced the Han Dynasty
Three princes and nine ministers
It became the highest authority under the central emperor
[50]
.
2. Evolution of the enfeoffment system
The system of enfeoffment was an important part of the political system of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Taishi
In December of the first year (265), Sima Yan Gang became emperor and reformed the enfeoffment system. He made all the sons of his ancestor Sima Yi's family Kings, made the county the state, and the twenty thousand households in the city the great country, setting up the upper, middle and lower armies; Five thousand soldiers; Ten thousand households in the city as a secondary state, set up the upper army, the lower army, 3,000 soldiers; Five thousand households were small countries with five thousand soldiers. Uncle Sima Yan
Sima Gan
,
Sima Lun
,
Sima Liang
They were named King of Pingyuan, King of Langye and King of Fufeng respectively, and his brother Sima Ou was named King of Qi, all of which were great powers. Sima Yan's uncle Sima Fu, king of Anping County, surpassed the system and had as many as 40,000 households. Sima Yan's younger brothers, Cousins, uncles, uncles, uncles, uncles and uncles were crowned Kings of 27 people at the same time. Sima's business of the men and nobles are added into the jus, for the duke, the city of 10,000 households for the big country, 5000 households for the second country, less than 5000 households for the next country,
Dassima
stonecrop
,
Chariot general
Chen Qian
,
Order of a minister
Bae Su,
A surname
Xun Xu
,
A surname
Zheng Chong
Grand Guardian
Wang Xiang
, First Lieutenant He Zeng,
General of the Hussars
Wang Shen
,
commonplace
Xun Fu
,
General Zhenbei
All the guards 瓘 were made public.
After the first year of Taishi (265), because all the Kings of the imperial family stayed in the capital Luoyang, they did not come to the kingdom, and the kingdom army stipulated by the system was not established.
In the third year of Xianning (277), Sima Yan was king of Qi
Sima Yau
The prestige is very high, worried that there will be a battle for the imperial succession after him, want him to go to his own kingdom, and once again formulate the system of fealty. Sima clan king seal state is still divided into big country, sub-state, the next state three, and the next state is also near the county benefit full ten thousand households, third class
realm
They put lieutenants in charge of the kingdom's armies, and all the great Kings were destroyed
Eldest son of the legal wife
Generational succession
Wang Jue
But all the other sons were made princes by the grace of Tutyi. The meritorious official is awarded the public, and the system of sealing the country is such as the small king, and the lieutenant leads the soldiers, and the county marquis can also put 1,100 troops in the country. So many of the Kings returned to their own vassals, and those who had not returned to the vassals because of their duties, the great Kingdom had 100 defenders, the secondary kingdom 80, and the lower kingdom 60. Emperor Wudi of Jin once asked Xun Xu, governor of Zhongshu, for his opinion on this system. Xun Xu believed that most of the Kings were governors of various regions at that time, and if they were allowed to return to the feudal state, it would weaken the power of the Western Jin to control the regions. Moreover, the division of counties and the enrichment of the state will make the migrant people complain; The establishment of an army in the kingdom will also weaken the number of the national army. According to Emperor Wudi of Jin
Xun Xu
The opinion, yes
governor
Some adjustments were made to align it more closely with the enfeoffment system.
After Sima Yan pacified the south of the Yangtze River, in order to return the general power to the central government, he ordered the reduction of the armies led by the prefectures, although a few border counties still had armies, they were greatly reduced, and the armies of the kingdoms became the main local armed forces.
Taikang ten years (289 years), Huainan phase
Liu Song
He also wrote that the Kings sealed the country around a thousand miles, but the military is insufficient, the law is the same county, the system of no country, it is appropriate to make the country less and more military, and increase the number of the kingdom's army.
The Western Jin enfeoffment system did not realize the original intention of Emperor Wudi to consolidate Sima's power, and the Kings enfeoffed the domestic noble people, citing the Western Jin
Scholar-clan system
After the establishment of the Han ethnic intellectuals who were difficult to enter the official ranks, they formed a political group that deviated from the central government and fought for their own interests with their kingdom army. In the rebellion of the eight Kings in the late Jin Dynasty, Sima Ai, king of Changsha, and Sima Yue, king of Donghai, both rose up with their armies and participated in the struggle for supreme power.
[49]
3. The shape of the governor system
The Western Jin followed the Han and Wei dynasties, with prefectures, counties and counties as three levels of administration. After the national unification, a total of 19 states, 173 counties, state history, officials have different driving,
Treating middle stroke
3. engage in County to guard the Lord, if for the Kings to seal the country, the county is called the country, the code is changed to the history, the official has the master book,
Recording office
A clerk, etc.; Large counties set up orders, small counties set up heads, under the master book, record history and other staff.
[49]
The Three Kingdoms
Early Wei Dynasty
In order to curb the fraud of the pompous cronies, Cao PI, Emperor Wen of Wei, adopted the opinion of Chen Qun, and placed the county in Zhongzheng, which was assessed as nine articles according to the conduct, talent and family history of the local scholars, as the basis for the appointment of officials by the central officials. After Sima Yi took charge of the Wei government, he also played in the state, Zhongzheng further manipulated the entry of scholars
Official career
Diameter. By the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, two of the nine products (one never had anyone and was virtually invisible) gradually gained the priority of being an official, and was particularly valued, known as the top grade, and the rest were regarded as the poor grade. Because the position of Zhongzheng actually mastered in the Wei Jin Chan Dynasty
Have an honour or favour
In the hands of the bureaucrats and nobles, the character and ability of the scholars in the evaluation have not been paid attention to, only the door of the goods, the family official, the so-called family, the valve reading has become the main basis for the evaluation, the top quality is basically controlled by the court. In the early Western Jin Dynasty Liu Yi on the statement of nine products have eight losses said: today in the right, not fine, according to the party, uneven said ruler, with love and hate, with the rise and fall of the world, regardless of talent, the decline is cut down, Xing is helped up, so that the top quality without a poor family, the lower class without scholars.
At the same time as Liu Yi
Segmental burning
Also said: "Today's Taiwan cabinet election, coated eyes and ears, nine products to visit people, only to ask the right." Therefore, according to the top quality, not the descendants of the duke, that is, when the road of Kundi also. It is very easy for the children of the bureaucratic nobility to enter the official career, and the promotion is rapid, and they can serve as soon as they enter the official position
Shang Shulang
,
Secretary Lang
,
Chulang
, riding squire,
Squire of the Yellow Door
The official positions of equal rank are not heavy, and these official positions are therefore called Qing officials and Qing posts. In the early years of Emperor Wudi of Jin, although he ordered Han Su many times, trying to strengthen the imperial power's intervention in the selection of officials and change the situation that the poor family had no way to rise, it was difficult to reverse the reality. As the poet Zuo Si lamented in the second poem of his "Aria Epic" : the pine on the bottom of the lush stream leaves the seedling on the mountain, and the stem is inch by inch, and the shade is one hundred feet. The world works from a high position, handsome under the liao, the terrain makes it, the origin is not one dynasty.
[49]
In the first year of Taikang (280), Emperor Wu of Jin issued it after destroying Wu
toshima
In this way, not only officials are allowed to act
Official rank
Land and population were appropriated, and it was stipulated that the descendants of the scholars should also be granted the privilege of economic possession of the population and exemption from corvee labor to those scholars who already enjoyed actual political rights.
In this way, the great families whose political and economic power had been rising since the Han and Wei dynasties finally formed feudalism
Landlord class
One of the privileged classes, the aristocratic family system was thus established,
The aristocrats
It became one of the most active political forces in the politics of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties
[51]
.
-
Promulgate laws and rule the country according to law
The Taishi Law was completed by Sima Yan in the third year of Taishi (267) and promulgated and implemented in the following year, but it was started during the Wei administration assisted by his father Sima Zhao. At that time Sima Zhao life
Jia Chong
,
A surname
,
Du Yan
Equal reference
Han Law
,
Wei Law
The compilation began and was completed shortly after Sima Yan established the Western Jin Dynasty. Since it was issued in the Taishi period, it is also called "Taishi Law".
Zhang Fei
Du Yiwei
The Law of Jin
It was approved by Emperor Wudi of Jin to "decree the world", and the note has the same legal effect as the law stationery, so the law is also called"
Zhang Duru
".
The Taishi Law was the first Confucian text in feudal China
code
Its main characteristics are "the prevention of strict etiquette and education, quasi-five suits to make crimes". On the basis of the Nine Chapters of the Law of the Han Dynasty and the New Law of the Wei Dynasty, there are 20 pieces of the Taishi Law, including names of criminals, laws, laws of theft, laws of thieves, fraud and forgery, please 赇, report crimes, arrest laws, interrogations, imprisonments,
Complex law
, household law, good health, destruction, palace, fire and water,
Rule of law
,
Sekikaichi
, disobedience and the law of princes, a total of 620 articles, 27,657 words. The Taishi Law is somewhat more relaxed than the previous law. It "reduce the Lord, beheading, clan punishment, from the rule", the sentence of women also has the intention of leniency. These changes of "Taishi Law" can play a role in alleviating class contradictions and internal contradictions of the ruling class in its implementation, which is conducive to consolidating Sima's power. "The Book of Jin · Annals of Criminal Law" said that it "juates its harsh, maintains its clear covenant, matters from the Canon, ascribes to the benefit of time."
Tai Shi Law has a very important position in the history of Chinese law development, and the laws of the Southern and Northern dynasties and even the Sui and Tang Dynasties are all marked by it.
Tai Shi Law is famous for its simplicity, which is a milestone in the ancient Chinese legislative history from complexity to simplicity. Jin law is also The Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties of the general law, and was used by the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, is also the longest lasting code in this period.
-
Big Feng clan, strike state county soldiers
Sima Yan, in view of the decline of the imperial family and the weakness of the emperor's family, the lesson of the ultimate demise was to make the royal family a vassal king in order to oppose the noble family. The beginning of the king is not on the country, the official in the capital division to supplement the royal family, and then the king on the country, the governor of the military, and after the town. The purpose of this move is to fight against aspirants in the noble family. However, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" proved that this policy instead led to the emergence of many aspirants among these heavily armed Kings.
The reason why the Western Jin Dynasty is responsible for the imperial family is actually related to the structure of its political power. The Jin dynasty was ruled jointly by the royal family headed by the Sima family. The royal family as a family ruled above other families, and the emperor was the representative of this first family, so its family members were qualified and necessary to obtain more power in order to maintain their superior position.
After the unification of the whole country, Sima Yan issued an edit: "I will go to the prefecture soldiers, the big county has 100 military officers, and the small county has 50." It is stipulated that:
(1) Those who are not in trouble in the states stop their armies.
(2) Those who serve only as superintendents, give up the title of general, and do not lead or concurrently lead troops
Military officer
Officer.
(3) Implementation
Soldiers and civilians
Divide and rule, the commander of the army, the emperor does not rule the people.
On the one hand, the abolition of prefectures and county soldiers can enable local officials to concentrate on civil affairs, and on the other hand, expand the number of students who bear the burden of enlistment. Military service was the heaviest burden of peasants after the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was of great significance to restore production to be exempted from this burden. But also because of the state soldiers, resulting in local security can not be maintained, so after the chaos of eight Kings, the state county is unable to control the situation.
-
Reign number
|
Reign title
|
time
|
|---|---|
|
Taishi
|
February 4, 266-274
|
|
A surname
(Daxing)
|
From 318 to 321
|
|
Xianning
|
275 - April 280
|
|
Taikang
|
April 280-289
|
|
Taixi
|
January 290 - April 290
|
-
Calm Qin Liang, pacify frontier
Subject article:
Qin Liang changes
Taishi six years (270 years), Xianbei
Bald tree function
He raised an army against the Jin and killed the Qinzhou governor in the battle of Wandendi in June
Hu Lie
And defeated Liangzhou in Jinshan
Su Yu
. In the seventh year of the beginning of Tai (271), Shuxing and other Hu people besieged Liangzhou in Qingshan
Leading Hong
Lead Hong army defeated and died.
Sima Yan ordered King Ru Yin
Sima Jun
For the town west general, the governor Yong, Liang and other states military, the town Guanzhong
[52]
In the first year of Xianning (275), Sima Jun carried out a crusade against Xianbei
[53]
Destroy more than 3,000 people, tree function to send protons to the Jin Dynasty.
Xianning three years (277), because the bald tree function intended to rob the tenancy soldiers, Jin general
Wenyang
Led the army to fight, the tree function was defeated, and a total of 200,000 people surrendered
[54]
.
In the fourth year of Xianning (278), Dufa Shuxing ordered his general Ruoluo Baoneng to defeat the Jin army at Wuwei and kill Liangzhou governor Yang Xin.
In the first month of the fifth year of Xianning (279), the Dufa Shuji captured Liangzhou
[55]
Sima Yan was very sorry, and the coming Dynasty lamented: "Who can beg for this rupp for me?" Malone asked for orders to go west with 3,500 warriors. During the period, the Xiongnu Liu Yuan also invited himself to go, Kong Xun, Yang Yao firmly opposed, that Liu Yuan's disaster is far greater than bald tree function. Malone crossed the warm water to the west, bald tree function and others led tens of thousands of troops with dangerous resistance. Because the mountain road is narrow, Malone built a flat box car, but also built a wooden house, placed on the car, while fighting, walking more than a thousand miles, hit the enemy dead, wounded, heavy losses. Since Malonsi's departure, no news has been heard from him, and the court is worried about him, and some say that they are all dead. When Malong's emissary arrived at night, Emperor Wudi clapped his hands and smiled happily. Early in the morning, he summoned his ministers and told them, "If you had listened to Zhu Wei's advice, there would be no Liangzhou." So he gave orders, gave Marlon the honor, and gave him generals. When Malong arrived at Wuwei, the Xianbei tribal leader Cholba Han and Almighty led more than 10,000 tribes to surrender. In December, Malong fought with the tree function, killing the tree function, and Liangzhou was pacized
[57] 56 -
.
-
Defeat Soochow and unify China
Subject article:
The Battle of Jin against Wu
At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, in order to buy people's hearts, awarded many meritorious officials, and many big families were made princes. In just a few years, Sima Yan had a total of 57 Kings, more than 500
principality
. Soon after the collapse of Shu Han, Sima Yan appointed a group of original officials in order to stabilize the hearts of Bashu
Shu Han
The officials who served were court officials. Sima Yan did not take"
A son of heaven and a courtier
The usual method is to adopt the method of co-opting and buying people's hearts to stabilize officials at all levels to ensure a stable transition of society. Because Sima Yan also saw that although Shu Han had died, Eastern Wu had not been destroyed, and the whole country had not been unified. So he began to strategize, preparing to defeat Soochow and end the division of the country.
As early as
Three kingdoms
At that time, the power of Wei had surpassed that of Shu and Wu. In terms of population, Wei accounted for nearly half of the country's population. In 263, after Wei defeated Shu, The Three Kingdoms became a confrontation between north and south, and Wei became more powerful. After Sima Yan replaced Wei, he was ambitious and "had a secret plan to destroy Wu", ready to send troops to destroy Wu and unify the country.
Strategic diagram
However, Sima Yan was opposed by the conservatives, led by Taiwei Lu Shang Shu Shi Jia Chong, who believed that Wu had a dangerous nature on the Yangtze River and was good at water warfare, which was difficult for the Northerners to win.
Xianbei (a county in Shanxi Province)
Raising troops against Jin, at this time to fight against Wu, and "not the time". While the sheep, Hu,
Zhang Hua
Du Yu and others believe that Wu Emperor Sun Hao was extremely corrupt, he not only brutally exploited and suppressed the vast majority of the people, but also excluded dissenters within the ruling clique and used cruel torture. Sun Wu is now "upper and lower centrifugation", such as sending troops at this moment, "can win without battle". If the opportunity is missed, "Wu people will make the Lord" and work hard to rule, and then it will be quite difficult to destroy Wu.
Two schools of opinion, diametrically opposed. In this way, an extremely serious problem was placed before Sima Yan: whether to send troops to destroy Wu and unify the country? Sima Yan sided with the war camp.
In order to complete the great cause of destroying Wu, Sima Yan made full preparations in strategy. As early as the fifth year of Taishi (269), he sent the Yang Hu to guard the military center
Jingzhou
And began preparations for the destruction of Wu. After Yang Hu settled in Jingzhou, he reduced taxes and settled people's hearts. Jingzhou was closest to Shicheng (now Zhongxiang County, Hubei Province), an important town of Eastern Wu, and the Jin army adopted the strategy of "winning by virtue" and extended favors to the Wu army. Because Sun Hao profligate, soldiers often do not get pay, even eat not enough. Yang Hu ordered people to send wine and meat to the Wu army and disintegrate the Wu army. In this way, from time to time, Wu troops came to surrender, and Yang Hu ordered that Wu troops should be welcomed and sent off. On one occasion, Wu Jiang Deng Xiang was captured by the Jin army in Xiakou, and the subordinate of the Yang Hu insisted on killing Deng Xiang, but the Yang Hu not only did not kill Deng Xiang, but also personally freed him and sent Deng Xiang back. Sometimes, wild animals wounded by the Wu army escaped to the territory of the Jin army, and the Jin army also sent these beasts to the Wu army's tent. It is precisely because of such "thick" love that the hearts of the generals in Soochow have gradually moved toward the Jin Army.
Sima Yan is here
Xiangyang
While ordering Yang Hu to exert his influence on the Wu army with benevolence and virtue, he was in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
Yizhou
Training naval forces, building ships. After 10 years of full preparation, in the fifth year of Xianning (279), the Jin army began to launch a large-scale attack on Eastern Wu. In order to quickly win the victory, the Jin army divided into five roads along the north bank of the Yangtze River and marched towards the Wu army. On the 6th road, the Jin army started from Badong and Yizhou and proceeded east along the river to the capital of the Wu Army
Jianye County
. Two hundred thousand Jin troops attacked Dongwu. The Soochow garrison is in
Wuxia Gorge
Numerous sharp iron cones, more than ten feet long, were nailed down to seal off the river with thick iron chains at narrow points. The Jin army first discharged bamboo into the Yangtze River, and the Jin army carried numerous zhang-long fires watered with sesame oil to light the torches.
Raging fire
It can burn the chain. In this way, the defensive facilities of Dongwu Yangtze River were eliminated one by one. When the Jin army attacked Dongwu on the 6th road, in order to disperse and attract the Wu army troops guarding Jianye,
General Anton
Wang Hun
Rate all the way Jin army, from north to south, straight to Jianye. Sun Hao busy life prime minister
Zhang Ti
He led the main force across the river to the north and attacked Wang Hun. As a result, the Jin army along the east of the river took the opportunity to capture Jianye
[31]
.
Due to Sima Yan's full preparation, proper timing and correct strategy, he won all the victories in the war against Wu in just over four months. From then on, all counties, prefectures and counties of Soochow were officially incorporated into the territory of Jin.
Xianning six years (280 years),
Three kingdoms
The situation is completely over. Sima Yan, Emperor Wudi of the Jin Dynasty, finally unified the whole country and put an end to nearly a hundred years of division
[32]
.
-
Taikang prosperity
Subject article:
Taikang flourishing age
After the unification of the whole country, the politics of the Western Jin Dynasty tended to be stable, but because of the trauma of many years of war, the life of the people was still very difficult. In particular, the royal family and dignitaries seized land without restriction, which added to the suffering of the peasants. It is said that in Lantian County, southeast of Chang 'an, there was a very inconspicuous "miscellaneous general" Pang Zong, who accounted for hundreds of hectares of good land, not to mention other dignitary. The peasants had no land, and the rich families used the land they occupied to exploit the peasants. In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wudi took solving the land problem as one of the important contents of economic development. To this end, he formulated"
Household mode
"The economic system.
Household mode has three contents, namely
Squatting system
, household modulation and
Official account for the field shade custom
.
The land occupation system is a law that combines the land occupation system with the taxation system. During the reign of Emperor Wudi of Jin, the population age was divided into three groups: male and female aged from 16 to 60 were Zhengding; 13 to 15 years old, 61 to 65 years old for the second; Children under 12 years old are considered young, and those over 66 years old are considered old
[58]
. The provisions of the field system: Ding male a field of 70 acres, Ding female field of 30 acres
[59]
. At the same time, it is stipulated that each Ding man should pay 50 mu tax to the state, counting four dendrobii; Ding paid 20 acres of tax; Men pay 25 acres tax, women exempt.
This made it legal for every farmer to claim his or her fair share of land. Many of the tenants of the rich family have also left their masters to claim a piece of land that belongs to them. After the promulgation of the land occupation system, many farmers reclaimed a large area of wasteland, which played a certain role in the improvement of agricultural economy.
Household modulation is levied
Household tax
The system of...
toshima
Taxes are levied on a household basis, regardless of rich or poor. This system stipulates: "Ding Nan's household, the year lost three pieces of silk, cotton three jin; The female and the second-dinged male households lose half." Specific provisions have also been made for the transfer of households in Bien County and ethnic minority areas: households in Bien County and the mainland of the same amount of tax, near two-thirds, far one-third. Ethnic minorities, near the Naboo one, far Naboo ten feet.
It was a system to guarantee the economic privileges of nobles and bureaucrats, and also to set a "limit" on the number of nobles and bureaucrats who could occupy land and enslave the population, in order to stop the situation of unlimited land annexation and the concealing of hukou. This system states: "It
Official rank
The first to the ninth, each with the nobility of the field. The first one covers 50 hectares, the second one 45 hectares, the third one 40 hectares... For every one lower, five hectares less." For the shelter, "the sixth grade or above.
Food and clothing customers
Three, two for the seventh and eighth, and one for the ninth." "It shall have tenants, and shall have no more than fifteen tenants of the first and second official titles, ten of the third, seven of the fourth, five of the fifth, three of the sixth, two of the seventh, and one of the eighth and ninth." The tenant of the shelter is a private population, subject to the servitude of the master, and no longer liable to the state corvee
[60]
.
After the imperial edict on the implementation of household modulation was issued, it was subjected to rich families
An aristocratic family for generations
The boycott. They either hid their fields, or opposed the peasants' possession of the land.
Although Sima Yan
Household mode
However, to a certain extent, this system has used administrative means to relocate a large number of floating and idle population to land for production, which has played a positive role in stabilizing social order and promoting the recovery and development of social economy.
Sima Yan paid great attention to reclaiming wasteland and building water conservancy. As in
Jigun
After more than five thousand hectares of land were cleared, the grain in the county soon became rich and old
Slope canal
And the new Kaibei canal, for irrigation and transportation have played a very important role.
Due to the decades of war, the Central Plains economy suffered extremely heavy damage, and the population was also greatly reduced. The population of Wen County, Hanoi County, the hometown of Emperor Wu of Jin, was only a few tens of times that of the original. To this end, Emperor Wudi decided to take some measures to increase the population of the Central Plains. He ordered that the 17-year-old girl must be married, otherwise the government will find her husband's family. After the destruction of Shu, the Shu people were recruited to the Central Plains, and the callers were provided with food rations by the state for two years and exempted from corvee service for 20 years. After the destruction of Wu, it was also stipulated that the state of Wu would exempt officials from corvee for 10 years and laborers and civilians from corvee for 20 years.
In 268, Emperor Wudi of Jin also established a"
Normal granary
"
[61]
In good years, sell cloth and buy grain at appropriate prices; In lean years, food is sold at appropriate prices to stabilize food prices and maintain people's normal life. Emperor Wudi of Jin repeatedly ordered county officials to "province, taxed the book", crack down on speculation and hoarding
[62]
.
In the first year of Taikang (280), the country had a total population of 16,163,863 people, with 2,459,840 households and 6.57 people per household.
[63]
According to the Annals of Geography, there were more than 2.6 million households after the unification of Taikang
[64]
This is the statistical result of Taikang two years (281 years).
[3]
In the third year of Taikang (282), the national population reached 3.77 million, an increase of more than 1.3 million households compared with the first year of Taikang
[65]
There appeared"
Taikang
Prosperity "scene. The rapid growth of the statistical population is related to the relatively peaceful situation during the reign of Sima Yan and the active measures taken by Sima Yan to restore the economy, as well as the policy adjustment of abolishing the rural settlement and making the former non-household population become households.
[3]
-
King and minister Saifu
The royal family and nobles of the Western Jin Dynasty had a prosperous economic foundation, and the political stability and unity helped them accumulate a lot of wealth, so they indulged in luxury and luxurious life. Sima Yan led as an example of extravagance and extravagance, "The Book of Jin · Empress Biography" said: "(Sima Yan) many favored, after the peace of Wu, the restoration of Wu king Sun Hao palace thousands of people, since
bench
There are almost ten thousand people, but there are many who dote on them, so I don't know what is right, and I often ride in a sheep cart and indulge in what I do, until I have a feast and sleep."
[66]
Your highness also follow the competition rich, minister He ever eat every day with ten thousand money, but also "nowhere to chopsticks", his son
He Shao
It's a lot less common. It costs twenty thousand a day.
[67]
Wang Kai
He was the maternal uncle of Emperor Wudi and was the richest man at that time
Shi Chong
Show off your wealth and compete for it. In order to maintain this luxurious and corrupt life, it is inevitable to intensify the accumulation, at that time, someone said: "the cost of luxury, more than natural disasters." It can be seen that the harm is great.
Subject article:
Taikang literature
Sima Yan
In literature, during the reign of Sima Yan,"
Taikang literature
", whose representatives are a left (
Zuo Si
), Erlu (
Land aircraft
,
Land cloud
Brother), two Pan (
Pan Yue
,
Panni
Uncle and nephew), three (
Zhang Zai
,
Zhang Xie
,
Zhang Kang
Brother).
Among them, Zuo Si's family was not high, and his early years were bumpy, but his book
Qi Du Fu
"Was well received by people. For one's sister
Zuo Fen
Summoned to the palace by Sima Yan, he moved to Luoyang and later determined to write the book
Sandu Fu
"(Sandu is Ye,
Chengdu
,
Jianye County
However, feeling that he lacked information, he asked the court to offer to be a secretary in charge of books and works, which was granted. "Sandu Fu" was initially ignored after its publication, Jing
Hwang Mi
,
Defend the right
The recommendation of Zhang Hua and others caused a sensation and left a"
Luoyang paper GUI
"The allusion.
[68]
Zuo Fen is also good at literary creation
[69]
She was not beautiful, and Sima Yan did not favor her, but still respected her for her literary talent and moral character.
[70]
He often made her write articles and rewarded her with them.
[66]
[71]
In the literary world of the Western Jin Dynasty, the most famous is called"
Taikang Zhiying
"The land plane. He arrived in Luoyang in the tenth year of Taikang (289) and was placed under the command of Sima Yan
Zhang Hua
The importance of...
[72]
His famous works are
Writing and Fu
""
Gentleman's behavior
""
Go to the middle of Lo Dao
"And so on, wrote the chapter grass"
Flat reply sheet
"Has been passed down to this day. Also, according to the Tang Dynasty
Zhang Yanyuan
"
The famous paintings of the past dynasties
Lu Ji and painting theory.
In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were also outstanding figures in the field of science and technology. geographer
Bae Xiu
As a founding father of the Kaijin Dynasty, he was trusted and reused by Sima Yan, and served as a monkey during Sima Yan's reign. He created the "Yugong Region Map", and proposed in the preface "Yu Gong Region Map".
Cartographic hexagon
The six basic points of mapping:
Measuring scale
, orientation, the actual distance of the traffic route, relief, shape of the ground object, tilt and urgency, etc.
[73]
This is
cartography
Epoch-making innovations, in addition to latitude and longitude and contours, have included the essential elements of modern cartography. Medical scientist
Hwang Mi
He was conscripted many times by Sima Yan, but he always said that he was ill and politely declined, Sima Yan respected his will many times;
[74-75]
A Huangfumi to Sima Yan borrow books, Sima Yan simply give a car book to him.
[76]
Huang Fu Mi life is not a man.
[77-78]
He is the author of
Acupuncture A and B channels
". This book is a great work in the history of Chinese medicine.
In addition, during the reign of Sima Yan, the
suzuka
Unearthed (The specific time has Xianning five years
[79]
The first year of Taikang
[80]
Taikang two years
[81]
Etc.), including the famous"
The bamboo books chronicle the years
". Sima Yan collected it in the Secret Palace and ordered people to sort it out.
scribe
Those who were ordered and actively participated in the arrangement included the then Zhongshu supervisor
Xun Xu
[82]
The Book of China
high
,
[83-84]
Chulang
fair
Let's wait.
[81]
[85]
Sima Yan
In the early stage of frugality, humbly accepting advice, employing talents, carried out a series of reforms, and in the later stage, it was keen on ease and pleasure, resulting in immorality, and Saifu. Before the light and after the dark is the most fair evaluation of Emperor Wudi of Jin.
After Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, on the one hand, he continued to implement the state policy of peace, on the other hand, he took a rest and carried out the "Taishi Law" of benevolence and justice to protect the people and expand production. He issued an edict for release throughout the country
Slaves and maidservants
And organized to replace soldiers and military tun, enhanced the national strength. in
Cao Wei
On the basis of extravagance and corruption,
A surname
After controlling the corruption in the army, Emperor Wudi demanded that all officials be honest and adopted the imperial books
Hu Wei
Call for strict control of the recommendations of the three quality officers. Emperor Wudi advocated frugality, and history said: "After the extravagance of the Wei family, the people thought of the legacy of the past", advocated humility and frugality, and his honesty was also included
Emperor Taizong of Tang
For the approval of ancient statesmen. In his letter to the King of Wu, Lu Yun also mentioned that Emperor Wudi of Jin had not built any more palaces in the twenty-six years since he took the throne, and had repeatedly issued an edict strictly prohibiting extravagance
晋惠帝
The spread of corruption in the period. Emperor Wudi was kind to the people, and after the unification of the country, he inherited it
Sima Zhao
Preferential treatment
The Shu Kingdom
The policy of the king and the subjects of the people also favored the king and the subjects of the Wu State, and proposed to exempt the people of Jiangdong from twenty years of labor, which was supported by the people. Sima's only five family members were able to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which had an important relationship with Jiangdong people's gratitude to Emperor Wudi.
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Said he: "The system of extravagance and vulgarity to become frugal, stop pouring wind and anti simple." In the past, it was a misunderstanding to say that he was arrogant and extravagant to sell officials, Liu Yi only said that his minister sold officials, although Emperor Wu of Jin in his later years had the shortcomings of being powerful and relatives, but it was not to the degree of decay, and could not take very individual phenomena as the atmosphere. Lu Yun said that Jin Hui Emperor edict the world "although strict edict repeatedly declared, and the luxury and custom." Emperor Wudi of Jin implemented the land occupation system after unification, allowing people to occupy 100 mu of land, which was not available at that time
Land annexation
There is peace in the country
Taikang flourishing age
The scene, the people have "the world infinite people" proverb.
The horseman always serves
Zou Zhan
It is said that "the world talks about his Majesty compared to Emperor Wen of Han", and Liu Song also said in the letter that the people compared Emperor Wudi of Jin to Emperor Wen of Han, which shows that Emperor Wudi of Jin was loved by the people throughout the country. Emperor Wudi of Jin could lift it
Cao Wei
The imprisonment of the imperial family and the imperial family of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the preferential treatment of the imperial family of the three countries is commendable, he "benevolence with thick, thrifty with sufficient use," overall played a role in historical progress, is an outstanding politician. In his later years, he has the shortcomings of indulging the powerful and enjoying entertainment, but we can also see that his essence is still simple, he cares about his uncle, I heard
Wang Kai
with
Shi Chong
Fighting for wealth, want to help Wang Kai, sent to the coral is not as good as Shi Chong home and so on, it can be seen that he has no luxury and wealth. Go out to participate in the banquet, to Wang Ji's home, see the diet, the utensils are gorgeous, feel not adapted to, did not wait for the end of the banquet left, he does not like the life of fine clothes and brocade food. He heard
high
There are good plums at home, let him send some, and Qiao is famous for being stingy, was Du Yue said rich, the result only sent dozens of Jin Wudi. At that time, the attitude of the powerful family toward Emperor Wudi of Jin was not like that of the feudal autocracy in the serious period, the bureaucracy without a strong family background was reverent to the imperial power. Emperor Wudi was able to restrain the powerful and prevent them from affecting the country in a complex environment, mainly by implementing benevolence and justice to the people, formulating policies to occupy the land to weaken the powerful and promote democracy and release
Slaves and maidservants
These are progressive policies to prevent the excessive expansion of powerful forces. Some policies also have negative effects, such as allowing the daughters of officials over 2,000 stone in prefectures and counties to be selected into the palace, which is also to restrict marriages between powerful families and strengthen the dignity of the royal status. In the specific implementation, Emperor Wudi of Jin also let himself
Empress Yang
Responsible, not for their own sexual pleasure, even accidentally said that a woman is beautiful, Empress Yang refuted also did not insist, Empress Yang selection of beautiful do not choose. Although this policy was excessive, it did not harm the common people, but only affected the powerful, and the measures they took were: "The famous women of the prosperous ethnic group were mostly corrupted by their clothes and appearance to avoid them."
ever
: Intelligent and martial, with extraordinary talent. The great work of the Lord has been created, and I have never heard of it, but I say that it is a common thing in my life, not to give advice to my grandson, but to my body, and my heirs are almost no worse!
[86]
Liu Yi: Huan Ling sold the official, the money into the official Treasury; Your Majesty sells officials, money goes to private doors. In this case, it is almost worse.
[87]
Land cloud
: Emperor Shizu Wu came to the dynasty arch Mo, training the world to frugality, took the throne for twenty years six years, the palace terrace without new camp, repeatedly invented edits, thick ring rich luxury.
[88]
Cao Bi
: Yu Muwuhuang, Yungong Qinming. Should ascend Zen, dragon flying purple court. Hundred times, listen to the feeling. Special area both bin, false Wu Yiping. Morning flow dew, night Lang star. The field is hitting the soil, the road is singing.
[89]
Dried treasure
As for Shizu, enjoy emperor pole, benevolence under thick, frugality with sufficient use, and not relaxation, wide and can be broken, mask Tang, Yu of the old domain, class is new in eight famine, in time "the world infinite people" of the proverb, although not peaceful, also enough to Ming people its life. Emperor Wu has collapsed, the mountains have not dried and become difficult to continue. Zongzi without the help of the city, the teacher Yin has no prospect of the expensive, the dynasty is Yi, Zhou, Xi into jie, Zhi; The government moved in chaos, banned soldiers scattered in the four sides, Fang Yue no Jun stone town, closed no knot grass solid. Jung, karma called system, two emperors lost respect, how? Establish the loss of power, entrust non-talent, four dimensions not Zhang, and the administration of more also.
[90]
Xie Lingyun
The ancestral order, Zhen Zhen Zhen repeatedly, the fullness of alcoholics, all nations wear. Far to you, the virtue is enough to complement, the apocalypse its luck, the people's music its work. Against the ancient way, let the good thing first. This five classes of torture, Jing Tian Wang system, where all the rites of law, failed to set right, and choose the concubine, not the Chinese door. Once upon a time King Wu attacked Zhou, the daughter who returned to the palace did not help Zhou. And Shizu Pinghao, Nawu prostitute five thousand, is with Hao's disadvantages. A woman's seal leads to chaos in the six kingdoms. Like a posthumous gift to a great-grandmother. Where this is not a matter, and see the previous book, a little in the emblem you, Shi Shi dare not hide also.
[91]
Yu Shinan
Jin Wudi flat one day, who said otherwise, as for the entrepreneurial vertical, its way is que. Husband emperor, will be meritworthy, can be big and long, by virtue of righteousness, weft to civil and military, deep root solid, Jue descendants, word and deed, thought the norm, down to all generations, is not easy. After Emperor Wudi Pingwu, he was idle in political affairs, veiled evil flattery, and paid attention to internal favor, using Feng 紞's slanderous words, rejecting and Jiao's remonstrance, the wise men sighed forever and had cold hearts. This national wind, pass the mean son, then make the grave soil is not dry, the four seas boiling, dressed up to a sort of annihilation, county Yu star points, what have said, so believe. Isn't it too far away to know the Lord?
Fang Xuanling
: Emperor Yu quantity is thick, the second must be in benevolence; Accommodate the honest, not pale in people; Mingda good planning, can break the great things, so have to soothe the nations, quiet the four. After Wei's extravagance and corruption, the people thought of the legacy of the past, but to be austere and thrifty, with little desire. ... The coming dynasty is generous, and the law is constant. ... After Ping Wu, the world is in peace, then idle in politics, indulging in travel banquet, favor after the party, dear in power, the old minister shall not be full-time, Yi Zhang is in chaos, please do it. Love to not years, know Huidi fork load, but rely on the emperor Sun smart, so no waste of the heart. After thinking about not born after Jia, finally caused a crisis, and then with the heart to plan the future. With the advice of Wang You, the prince's mother and brother Qin Wang Cambodia were sent to supervise Guanzhong, Chu Wang Wei, Huainan Wang Yun and guard the key, to strengthen the emperor's room. Afraid of Yang's force, again to You for the North Army, to ban soldiers. Already and sleep disease dying, as for the big gradually, Zuo orders the father, have not first, the ministers are perplexed, nothing to do. The Hui Emperor was sent on a mission to assist the King of Runan Liang, and wanted to have several famous young people of the court to accompany him.
Yang Jun
Keep it secret. Difu found confusion,
Yang Hou
Often for the imperial order to Jun to assist the government, promote bright. The emperor looked for a small room, asked if the king of Runan had come, wanted to see it, and paid for it. Left and right answer did not arrive, Emperor then trapped Benedict. The chaos of the Chinese Dynasty really began with Si Yi.
[92]
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Li Shimin
: Wu Emperor Chengji, born to fulfill the mandate of heaven, hold the map Yu, apply the guide people, to lose. To rule easily chaos. Never a tribute, to carve the decoration, the luxury to become frugal, stop pouring wind and anti simple. Ya good outspoken, pay attention to pick up promotion, Liu Yi,
Pei Kai
To judge by the truth,
Ji Shao
,
Xu Qi
Personal loss will not be rejected. Ren to royal objects, wide and get many, macro slightly magnanimous, there is the amount of emperor. So the people and the common quiet, the family enough, Yu repair military use, thinking of Kaijiang. The determination of God in the deep, the break in the table.
Malone
Western expedition, Wang Jun southern expedition, the division does not delay, Runc Lu cut traces, soldiers without blood blade, Yang Yue for the ruins. Through the generation of impassable, serve the former king did not serve. Zhenxiang should show, the wind teaches clear, the success of heaven and man, the great work of the king. though
enseal
The gift, let and not for, Jiaotai heart, because of this. See the wide land, that all abandoned without worry; To see the peace of the world is to rule for a thousand years. I don't know where wide to think narrow, then wide can be long wide; To govern and forget the danger is to govern impermanence. In addition, the establishment of a non-institute, the commission of lost talent, aspirations on the ascension, the first line to meet the chaos. Is still suitable to cross refers to the desert to follow the way, to mountaineers involved in the boat navigation and find the way, the interest is far, the still turn difficult, the north and south times, the opposite, seeking it to also, not also difficult! The situation is based on the new set of easy to move, and a long time is difficult to pull out the worry, so Jia Chong fierce, with adultery to have the right; Yang Jun jackal, with special help. And the palace car late out, understanding the dark not week, Han to become friendly into sparse, even the enemy to destroy its roots; Beams back loyal and false, all the supporters of its power.
Had not been a few years, the network discipline chaos, the domestic version of swing, Zongmiao broadcast transfer. Emperor Tao Wang you, anti-living tattoo custom;
Chia County, China
Translated into the hometown of being hair. Abandon the big to the people, cover its small and self-trust, for the world to laugh, why? A good man is prudent in the past, so he will cause trouble in the future. He who knows his son is a good father, and he who knows his minister is a good king; Son is not worthy of home death, minister disloyal country chaos; The country can not be in chaos, and the family can not be all dead. It is the gentleman who defends the beginning, and the sage who does not. while
A surname
Confused with Xun Xu's evil plan and confused Wang Hun's false plan, his mind was constantly shifted to the public, and the matter was not determined by his own plan. Yuan sea when in addition and not in addition, the soldier disturbes the summer; Huidi can be discarded but not discarded, and eventually topple Hongji. The virtue of a husband is light, the merit of saving the world is heavy, the forsake of a son is small, and the peace of the country is great. In the case of the third and into the industry, the continuation of the two iniquity to the loss, the so-called light virtue and heavy work, afraid of small tolerance and forget the big filial piety. The way of the sage, how can that be?! Although the beginning is good, and the order of obedience ends, so the policy of hospitality cannot be without generosity.
[92]
Xu Hui
In the past, the Qin Emperor annexed the six countries, which was the foundation of the crisis; There were three parties in the Jin-Wu election, which turned into a lost business. Not be reserved to rely on big, abandon virtue and light state; Do you forget about the harm? So make yoyo six together, although widely do not save its death; The evil will become the disaster.
Liu Renju
Jin Dynasty Ping Wu, historical records. There are Emperor Wudi, Zhang Hua, outside Yang Hu, Du Yu, planning and planning, consulting. Wang Jun's disciples, rushing thousands of miles, building ships and warships, has reached the stone. Jia Chong, Wang Hun generation, still want to kill Zhang Hua to thank the world. Emperor Wudi reported to the cloud: "The plan to calm Wu came from my mind, Zhang Hua saw me, not his heart." 'Right and wrong are different, and so are good and wrong. After the ping Wu, still want bitter rope Wang Jun, Emperor Wudi support, the beginning to be preserved. Without Emperor Wudi's Shengming, Wang Jun had no leader.
[93]
Su Zhe
As a person, Emperor Wudi is good but does not choose others, and strives for peace but does not worry about the future. Although the court is full of wise men, the likes of Jia Chong and Xun Xu think that Wu is still in the heart, and does not dare to hesitate, although he is a good king, he can also. After the death of Wu, the shortage in women, covered in the yong son, thin Xian minister, near the villain, to the military, Chongfanguo, so the disaster of the omen of the country, can not be numbered, this is the destruction of Wu from also.
Son Chengen
: Emperor Zi Hongyu, good planning. Compiling the first will, mixed a Kyushu. The best three house, the honest way. Those who give advice are seldom wise.
Li Ciming
Jin Emperor Wudi pure filial nature, less than three generations.
Chae Dongfan
① He such as Malong's flat tree function, not the beginning of the Jin dynasty general, the view of Jin Wu rely heavily on two people, but know the founding of the Lord, there will be a director, not outside this flaw, quickly cover its knowledge of people also. ② Emperor Wudi both know that the prince is not deaf, hate Princess Jia's strange, the abolition of the occlusion, why suspicious, is deceived in the crafty and not know, hold the love in the emperor's grandson and not broken, by the palace 帟 and not feel, died to mistake again and again, the body and the world chaos, called the founding of the country, is the compound, the king of unknown, rather enough blessing?
Jin Emperor Wudi sheep cart tour harem
During the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Jin Dynasty, the imperial physician Sima Cheng presented a sweater woven from the hair of a pheasant's head. Sima Yan ordered the garment to be burned in front of the temple and declared that no more fancy clothes made with special techniques could be contributed from now on.
[96-97]
Sima Yan loved Weiqi, often in the palace and the book
Zhang Hua
Serving Zhong
Wang Ji
Play chess. "
Forget sorrow and clear music set
The Game of Wang Wuzi Playing Chess in Emperor Wudi of Jin Dynasty was retained. According to the Biography of Du Yu in the Book of Jin, when Du Yu presented Wu to the palace, Emperor Wu of Jin was playing chess with Zhang Hua. Du Yi presented the chapter and Chen Shi, while Emperor Wudi of Jin was still immersed in the chess game and did not make a conclusion. Zhang Hua on the opposite side of the chessboard saw this, and stood up and presented a speech: "Your Majesty Sheng Ming Shen Wu, political integrity is deeply popular, the country is rich and powerful, and the order is not afraid to follow." And the Lord of Wu
Sun Hao
Unrequited sex, killing the capable. In comparison, it doesn't take much effort to destroy Wu." Sima Yan immediately made a decision and made a plan to destroy Wu, so that China, which had been divided, could be unified again.
[98]
[105]
|
relation
|
The title of nobility
|
name
|
|---|---|---|
|
Grandmother
|
||
|
mother
|
||
|
grandfather
|
Marquis of Lanling
|
|
|
grandmother
|
Pingyang Jingjun
|
Sheep
[103]
|
|
The title of nobility
|
name
|
Sons and daughters
|
intro
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Empress Muwon
|
---
|
||
|
Empress Wu
|
---
|
---
|
|
|
Middling scholar
|
---
|
||
|
Your concubine
|
---
|
Zuo Si
Younger sister
|
|
|
Your concubine
|
Princess Wu 'an
|
Hu Fen
Daughter of
|
|
|
Madam
|
---
|
Zhuge Chong
Daughter of
|
|
|
Madam
|
Lee
|
---
|
|
|
A high-ranking official
|
Gongsun family
|
---
|
---
|
|
Gracious consort
|
Liu Yuan
|
---
|
---
|
|
Suwon
|
Zang 矅
|
---
|
---
|
|
Shu Yi
|
fang
|
---
|
---
|
|
Xiu Hua
|
Kui Can
|
---
|
---
|
|
contour
|
Chen Xiurong
|
---
|
---
|
|
Repairing instrument
|
Left concubine
|
---
|
---
|
|
Jade
|
Xing LAN
|
---
|
---
|
|
Rong Hua
|
Zhu Hua
|
---
|
---
|
|
Chong Hua
|
---
|
The daughter of Zhao Yu
|
|
|
Beauty
|
Simshi
|
---
|
|
|
Gifted person
|
Suh
|
---
|
|
|
Gifted person
|
A surname
|
---
|
|
|
Gifted person
|
Zhao family
|
---
|
|
|
Beauty
|
Zhao family
|
---
|
|
|
Pauling
|
Yens
|
---
|
|
|
Beauty
|
Chans
|
---
|
|
|
A surname
|
---
|
||
|
Gifted person
|
Cheng family
|
---
|
Sima Yan had twenty-six sons, eighteen of whom were famous. The eighteenth, the twentieth, the twenty-first, the twenty-second, and the twenty-sixth died early.
|
sequence
|
The title of nobility
|
name
|
Dates of birth and death
|
intro
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
---
|
Piling mourns the king
|
Date of birth and death is unknown
|
He died at the age of two
|
|
|
Second son
|
晋惠帝
|
From 259 to 307
|
---
|
|
|
Third son
|
King Xian of Qin
|
From 262 to 291
|
---
|
|
|
Chengyang Huai king
|
? -270 years.
|
---
|
||
|
Fifth son
|
Cheng Yang Shang king
|
Date of birth and death is unknown
|
---
|
|
|
Fifth son
|
King Hidden of Chu
|
From 271 to 291
|
The Rebellion of the Eight Kings
One of the participants
|
|
|
The sixth son
|
Tokai Chong King
|
From 271 to 273
|
---
|
|
|
Seventh son
|
King Ping Ai
|
From 271 to 277
|
---
|
|
|
Ninth son
|
Huainan Zhongzhuang king
|
272 -300 years
|
---
|
|
|
Tenth son
|
Mourning king
|
Date of birth and death is unknown
|
---
|
|
|
Twelfth son
|
New capital Huai King
|
272 -283
|
---
|
|
|
Thirteenth son
|
King Kang of Qinghe
|
273 -300 years
|
---
|
|
|
Fourteenth son
|
The King of your Yin
|
276 -286
|
---
|
|
|
The sixth son
|
King Li of Changsha
|
From 277 to 304
|
One of the participants in the Eight Kings Rebellion
|
|
|
Sixteenth son
|
King of Chengdu
|
279 to 306
|
One of the participants in the Eight Kings Rebellion
|
|
|
Twenty-third son
|
King Xiao of Wu
|
281 -311
|
---
|
|
|
Seventeenth son
|
Shang of Bohai
|
283 -284
|
---
|
|
|
twenty-fifth
|
晋怀帝
|
From 284 to 313
|
---
|
|
author
|
works
|
|---|---|
|
Chen Pu
|
Ode to History: Emperor Wudi of Jin
[100]
|
|
Dunlin
|
Emperor Wu of Jin
[101]
|
|
Zhou Tan
|
|
A given year
|
category
|
The title of the play
|
Actor or actress
|
Play a role
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The year 1994
|
teleplay
|
Emperor Wu of Jin
|
||
|
The year 2010
|
teleplay
|
Emperor Wu of Jin
|
||
|
The year 2016
|
teleplay
|
Wang Jinxin
|
Sima Yan
|
