Shanxi Province, short for" jin ", People's Republic of China Provincial administrative region, capital city Taiyuan City , located in China North China , Higashiro Hebei Province As neighbors, the west and Shaanxi Province Look at each other, south and Henan Province Bordering, north of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Adjacent, between 34°34 '-40 °44' north latitude, 110°14 '-114 °33' east longitude, with a total area of 156,700 square kilometers ^[1] . As of September 2023, Shanxi Province has jurisdiction over 11 prefecture-level cities ^[78] . By the end of 2023, the permanent population of Shanxi Province was 34,659,900. ^[73]

The terrain of Shanxi Province is a parallelogram oblique from northeast to southwest. It is a typical loess covered mountain plateau with high terrain in northeast and low in southwest. The interior of the plateau is undulating, and the valley is vertical and horizontal. The landform includes mountains, hills, plateaus, basins, platforms, etc., of which the mountains and hills account for 80%. Span of Shanxi Province The Yellow River , Haihe River Two major water systems, the river belongs to the self-produced outflow type water system. Shanxi Province is located in the middle latitude area of the inland, is a temperate continental monsoon climate. ^[2] Shanxi is located in Qin and Jin cultural area History represents culture as" Sanjin culture " ^[43] .

In 2023, the GDP of Shanxi Province will reach 2,569.818 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry will be 138.886 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry will be 1332.969 billion yuan and the added value of the tertiary industry will be 1,097.964 billion yuan. ^[68] ^[77]

Chinese name: Shanxi Province
Foreign name: Shanxi
alias: jin , Three Jin Dynasties
Administrative division code: 140000
Administrative category: province
Subordinate region: North China
Geographical position: North China
Area product: 156700 km²
Subordinate area: eleven Prefecture-level city
Government premises: Taiyuan City Shopping area 30 Changfeng Street

Postal code: 030000-048000.
Climatic condition: Temperate zone Continental monsoon climate
Population number: 34,659,900 ^[73] (Permanent population at the end of 2023)
Famous scenic spot: Mount Wutai , Pingyao Ancient city , Yungang Grottoes , Qiao family compound , The palace of the Prime Minister Etc.
aerodrome: Taiyuan Wusu International Airport , Yuncheng Salt Lake International Airport , Changzhi Wangcun Airport , Datong Yungang Airport Etc.
Railway station: Taiyuan Station , Taiyuan South Railway Station , Datong station Etc.
License plate code: Promoted A to M
Gross regional product: 2,569.818 trillion yuan ^[68] (2023)

catalogue

5population
6political
7economy
▪summarize
▪Primary industry
▪Secondary industry
▪Tertiary industry
8transportation
▪traffic
▪transport
9Social undertaking
▪Scientific and technological undertaking
▪Educational cause

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Ancient times

There have been signs of human activity in Shanxi Province since ancient times Chinese civilization One of the birthplaces.

Shanxi (Province)

Archaeology shows that in ancient times, the southwest of the mountain is the origin of human dawn. Yuncheng Yuanqu county " Eosinopithecus centenius "The discovery of fossils, put anthropoid The time of emergence has been pushed forward by 10 million years. About 1.8 million years ago in the Paleolithic Age, the primitive people in the south of Shanxi Province multiplied, Yuncheng among them Ruicheng county West Hou Du culture Ruins ( 2.43 million years ago ^[66] The discovery of burned bones pushed the history of human fire found in China forward by 1 million years; About 100,000 to 20,000 years ago in the middle Paleolithic Age, in Shanxi The Fenhe River (in Henan Province) Cross-strait peace Datong , Shuozhou In the area, there have been relatively concentrated primitive people and villages. In the late Neolithic Age, the southern part of Shanxi has become much of that time state The center of... right Linfen Xiangfen county Site of Tao Temple The findings and research results show that here is Emperor Yao The capital is located in the area where the earliest China was located. This makes about 4500 years before the Chinese prehistoric legend Yao Shunyu The era has become a legendary history, and the 5000 years of Chinese civilization has been confirmed.

In the summer

Yu the Great After the death of his son Rev. To ascend the throne. The ruling center of the early Xia Dynasty was in the south of Shanxi Province Xia County The area, summer county Dongxiafeng Site Be important Summer ruins .

shang

The south of Shanxi Province is within its "Banggi Li", and the rest of the country is scattered with a dozen Fang Guo Tribe.

The Western Zhou Dynasty (206 B.C.)

Early Western Zhou large-scale A vassal In the central and southern part of Shanxi, there are more than ten Dukes The territory of which the main Vassal state is State Jin .

Spring and Autumn

The State of Jin grew strong and gradually annexed the surrounding small countries and became The five bullies of the Spring and Autumn Period One of them. The territory of the Jin State in its heyday included about the central and southern part of today's Shanxi Province, Hebei (Province) The southwest, Henan (Province) North-western harmony Shaanxi (Province) In the east, there are more than 50 counties, of which more than 10 are in Shanxi. The State of Jin is The system of prefectures and counties Later Qin extended this system to the whole country.

Warring States

In the sixteenth year of King Ding of Zhou (453 BC), the three families of the Jin dynasty, Zhao, Wei and Han, divided the state of Jin. The three families are divided into Jin ". The states of Zhao, Wei and Han divided into three states of Jin, which became the actual three vassal states. In Shanxi Province, State of Zhao It has jurisdiction over the central, northeastern and southeastern parts, Wei It has jurisdiction over the southwest and southeast parts, Korea It has jurisdiction over most of the southeast and less of the southwest. At first, the capital of the state of Zhao was Jinyang (now Taiyuan Jinyuan district Northeast), the capital of Korea is in Binh Duong (Now Linfen Yaodu district The capital of the state of Wei was in Anyi (north of Xia County in today's Yuncheng), which later moved to Henan and Hebei with the expansion of its territory.

In the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 BC), the Son of Heaven of Eastern Zhou officially recognized Zhao, Wei and Han as vassals, which began to enter the Warring States Period in Chinese history. Shanxi was divided into the territories of Zhao, Wei and Han.

The qin dynasty

Site of Tao Temple

First Emperor of Qin Twenty-six years (221 BC), The qin dynasty Unified the six countries and made Xianyang (now Shaanxi Province) the capital Xianyang Northeast), established Centralized system The local system of counties was implemented, and the country was divided into 36 counties, which were then continuously increased to more than 40 counties. Today, Shanxi and its neighboring Hebei province, Inner Mongolia In one direction or another Hadong , Taiyuan , Upper Dang , Yanmen , Yoshimori , Cloud County Among them, Dai and Yunzhong 2 counties are not in Shanxi, and there are more than 70 counties in Shanxi.

The Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.)

Basically followed the Qin Dynasty county system, the local implementation of the state county county system, the country is divided into 13 states. Today Shanxi and the surrounding Shaanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia area statehood , You Zhou , Sibi Prefecture (Changan area of Gyeonggi Province) 3 prefectures, and under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan, Shangdang, Yanmen, Xihe, Dai, Hedong 6 counties, of which Xihe, Dai 2 counties are not in Shanxi, Shanxi has more than 90 counties.

The Eastern Han Dynasty (206 B.C.)

The local system basically followed the Western Han Dynasty. The northern minority in the late Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in China , Qiang, Xianbei (a county in Shanxi Province) Gradually moved into Shanxi, and developed strong. By the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the northwestern, central and western parts of the mountain became multi-ethnic areas.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

incipient Three Kingdoms period The whole territory of Shanxi is now Wei .

In the first year of Yongan (304) of the Western Jin Dynasty, he was a Xiongnu chief Liu Yuan Send an army Zuo Guocheng (Now Fangshan County Nannan Village) founded the "Han", soon moved the capital to Pingyang (now Linfen Yaodu District), established the first minority regime in the north. Subsequent son Liu Cong capture Chang 'an (northwest of present Xi 'an, Shaanxi) destroyed The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597) Thus began more than a hundred years of" The Five Hu sixteen States "The situation of partition. During this period, Shanxi was the nephew of Liu Yuan Liu Yao Create the previous Zhao, Capricorn leader Schiller created A later dynasty (Zhao) Xianbei clan leader Murong 皝 created preswallow , Foundation family leader Fu Hong created The former Qin Dynasty The nobility of the minority nationality Yao Yang created The Later Qin Dynasty Xianbei clan leader Murong Hong created Xiyan Xianbei clan leader Murong Chui created A second swallow The leader of the Hun tribe Helenbo established Xia State Xianbei clan leader Tuoba GUI created The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544) The territory of other countries.

The Northern Wei Dynasty extended for five years (439), and the Northern Wei was unified Yellow River basin The northern division ended, and Shanxi became the territory of the Northern Wei.

In the third year of Yongxi's reign (534), the Northern Wei was divided into The Eastern Wei Dynasty , The Western Wei Dynasty (535-544) Most of Shanxi was the territory of the Eastern Wei, and the southern part was the territory of the Western Wei. Later on, The Northern Qi Dynasty (550-597) Replaced the Eastern Wei Dynasty, The Northern Zhou Dynasty (770-476 B.C.) It replaced the Western Wei Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (577), the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi, and Shanxi was unified into the territory of the Northern Zhou.

sui

After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the county level system was abolished in the local area at first, and the system was established in the Yaochong prefectures Chief steward's palace , in order to Prefectural governor's history and header , commander Adjacent states. Inside Shanxi statehood , Daichau , Xizhou , Shuozhou Set up a governor's office. Later, the state was changed into a county, and the local county system was implemented, with a maximum of 190 counties nationwide. Shanxi and the surrounding Hebei, Inner Mongolia area Taiyuan , Jeonghsiang , Mayi , Yanmen Loufan County, West River Lishi County, Upper Dang , Changpyeong Linfen County, Longquan County , Munseonggun , Hadong , Jeongpyeong Among them, 14 prefectures are located in Shanxi, and there are more than 90 counties in Shanxi.

The tang dynasty

great-great-grandfather Li Yuan Raised troops in Taiyuan, established Tang Dynasty Shanxi was considered by Tang Gaozu to be the land of "Dragon prosperity", and Taiyuan was named the "northern capital" and "Beijing" of the Tang Dynasty.

The song dynasty

Shanxi is a major developed area in northern China.

yuan

Some scenic spots (4 photos)

There are 11 in the country province Shanxi and Shandong, Hebei, and known as the "hinterland" of the Yuan Dynasty, Datong, Pingyang (now Linfen), Taiyuan three cities became the famous city of the Yellow River basin.

Ming

Hongwu two years (1369) April, set up Shanxi and other lines in the book province, governing Taiyuan Road.

qing

After entering the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the economic and cultural development of Shanxi was seriously damaged.

Republic of China

The second year of the Republic of China (1913), Shanxi Province was established Middle road , North Road and Ha Dong Road .

Shanxi, as a revolutionary old base area, was in the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921), the early period of China Marxism those Gao Junyu In Taiyuan, the Socialist Youth League was formed to carry out revolutionary activities. The Red Army's Long March After reaching northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong Led the main force of the Red Army across the river to the east (see details: The Red Army's eastward expedition In the west of Jin, Jinzhong, south of Jin all over the spread of revolutionary fire.

War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression After the outbreak, The Eighth Route Army Three major forces into Shanxi, founded Anti-japanese base areas behind enemy lines In the territory of Shanxi Shanxi Chaji anti-Japanese base area , Shanxi, Hebei, Luyu anti-Japanese base area , Shansui anti-Japanese base area . ^[22] During the fourteen-year War of Resistance, Shanxi was an important strategic fulcrum of the national War of resistance. Local party organizations in Shanxi have trained 150,000 Communist Party members, and the base areas have sent 600,000 hot-blooded young people to the Eighth Route Army.

In April 1949, the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China, Shanxi Province was liberated. In September of the same year, it was established Shanxi Provincial People's Government . ^[3]

Pingyao Ancient city

Administrative division

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EDITOR

As of September 2023, Shanxi Province has jurisdiction over 11 prefecture-level cities ^[78] There are 26 municipal districts, 11 county-level cities and 80 counties. Provincial capital Taiyuan City Located in central Shanxi Province, the remaining 10 cities from north to south are: Datong , Shuozhou , Xinzhou , Yangquan , Lv Liang , Jinzhong , Changzhi , Jincheng , Linfen , Yuncheng . Shanxi Provincial People's Government, Taiyuan City, Xiaodian District, No. 3.

Taiyuan City (2 photos)	Taiyuan City The capital of Shanxi Province, located in the central hinterland of Shanxi Province. Taiyuan ancient called Jinyang, short for and (state). Since the 15th year of King Ding in the Spring and Autumn period (497 BC), Zhao Jianzi has built the Jin Yangcheng with a history of more than 2500 years. With a total area of 6,959 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 6 districts, 3 counties and 1 city: Shopping area , Yingze District , Xinghualing District , Pointy turf area , Wambling District , Jinyuan district , Qingxu county , Yangqu county , Loufan county , Gujiao City . ^[42]
Datong City (2 photos)	Datong City It is located in the northernmost part of Shanxi Province. internal Yungang Grottoes It is one of the largest grottoes in China, and was announced as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units in 1961, and was listed as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO in 2004. Datong Dragon Wall is the oldest, largest and best preserved dragon wall. With a total area of 14,176 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 4 districts and 6 counties: Xinrong District , Pingcheng District , Yungang District , Yunzhou District , Yanggao county , Tianzhen county , Guangling county , Lingqiu county , Hunyuan county , Zuoyun County . ^[42]
Shuozhou City (2 photos)	Shuozhou City It is located in the northwest of Shanxi Province. There are many places of interest in the territory, including the world's oldest and largest millennium wooden pagoda Yingxian Buddha Palace Temple Shakya Pagoda, Shuocheng District Chongfu Temple embodies the architectural achievements of the Jin Dynasty, and border fortress culture is a major feature of Shuozhou culture. With a total area of 10662 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 3 counties and 1 city: Shuocheng District , Pinglu District , Shanyin county , Ying County , Youyu county , Huairen City . ^[42]
Xinzhou City (2 photos)	Xinzhou City It is located in the north central of Shanxi Province. Mount Wutai is a 5A scenic spot in the territory, and was included in the World Heritage List as "World Cultural Landscape Heritage" by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee at the 33rd World Heritage Conference. With a total area of 25,180 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 district, 12 counties and 1 city: Xinfu district , Dingxiang county , Wutai County , Daixian County , Fanshi County , Ningwu county , Jingle county , Shenchi County , Wuzhai County , Kelan county , Hequ county , Baode County , Pianguan county , Yuanping City . ^[42]
Yangquan City (2 photos)	Yangquan City It is located in the east of central Shanxi Province. The territory has the ninth pass of the Great Wall, the Niangzi Pass where the Princess Pingyang of the Tang Dynasty was stationed, the Guanshan Academy, the former residence of the female writer Shi Pingmei, and the ancient Great Wall of Zhongshan. With a total area of 4451 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 3 districts and 2 counties: City center , Mining district , suburb , Pingding county , Yuxian County . ^[42]
Lvliang City (2 photos)	Lvliang City It is located in the west of central Shanxi Province. Famous people include Empress Wu Zetian, famous Song Dynasty general Di Qing, the first honest official Yu Chenglong in the Qing Dynasty, the famous minister Sun Jiagan, and the revolutionary hero Liu Hulan. With a total area of 21,143 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 district, 10 counties and 2 cities: Lishi District , Wenshui county , Jiaocheng county , Xingxian County , The county of Linxian , Liulin county , Shilou county , LAN County , Fangshan county , Zhongyang county , Jiaokou county , Xiaoyi City , Fenyang City . ^[42]
Jinzhong City (2 photos)	Jinzhong City It is located in central and eastern Shanxi Province. Within the territory of the world cultural heritage Pingyao Ancient City, there are Qiaojia, Wang Jia, Chang Jia and other Jin businessmen magnate courtyard, Pingyao Shuanglin Temple known as the "Chinese color sculpture Art Museum". With a total area of 16,408 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 8 counties and 1 city: Yuci District , Taigu District , Yushe county , Zuoquan county , Heshun county , Xiyang county , Shouyang county , Qixian County , Pingyao county , Lingshi county , Jiexiu City . ^[42]
Changzhi City (2 photos)	Changzhi City It is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province. Legends such as Jingwei reclamation, Nuwa mending the sky, Houyi shooting the sun and Yu Gong moving mountains all originated in Changzhi, known as the "hometown of Chinese mythology". With a total area of 13,864 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 4 districts and 8 counties: Luzhou District , Shangdang District , Settlement area , Lucheng District , Xiangyuan county , Pingshun county , Licheng county , Huguan county , Eldest prefecture , Wuxiang county , Qin County , Qinyuan county . ^[42]
Jincheng (2 photos)	Jincheng It is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province. There are 63 ancient cultural sites and 66 national key cultural relic protection units. In particular, there are 46 ancient wooden buildings of the Song and Jin dynasties that are basically well preserved. With a total area of 9484 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 district, 4 counties and 1 city: City center , Qinshui county , Yangcheng county , Lingchuan county , Zezhou county , Gaoping City . ^[42]
Linfen City (2 photos)	Linfen City Located in the southwest of Shanxi Province. 100,000 years ago, the origin of human birth in Linfen, 5000 years of Chinese civilization in Linfen, 600 years of big pagoda tree migration root in Linfen, before the Yuan Dynasty, the above-ground cultural relics resources accounted for 30% of Shanxi. With a total area of 20,589 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 district, 14 counties and 2 cities: Yaodu district , Quwo county , Yicheng county , Xiangfen county , Hongdong county , Furuxian County , Anze county , Fushan county , Ji County , Xiangning county , Daning county , Xixian County , Yonghe county , Puxian County , Fenxi county , Houma City , Huozhou City . ^[42]
Yuncheng City (2 photos)	Yuncheng City It is located in the southwest of Shanxi Province. is Hometown of Guan Gong In the territory, the Pei family has had 59 prime ministers and 59 generals, and history says that "will meet Wu and Duke one door." With a total area of 14,106 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 1 district, 10 counties and 2 cities: Salt Lake District , Linyi county , Wanrong County , Wenxi county , Jishan county , Xinjiang County , Jiangxian County , Yuanqu county , Xia County , Pinglu county , Ruicheng county , Yongji City , Hejin City . ^[42]

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

Shanxi Province is an inland province in China The Yellow River Midstream east coast, North China Plain westerly Loess plateau Up. A surname Taihang Mountains Delimit, with Hebei Province To be neighbours; West, south across the Yellow River and Shaanxi Province , Henan Province Look at each other; To the north The Outer Great Wall Be bounded by... Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Adjacent. The outline of the territory is a parallelogram from northeast to southwest, with a long distance between north and south, and a length of about 682 km: the southernmost point is in Ruicheng county South of Nanzhang Village, 34°34 'N; The northernmost point is Tianzhen county North of Yuantou Village, latitude 40°44 'North. The east-west distance is short, about 385 km wide: the easternmost point is in Lingqiu county East of Nankeng Village, East longitude 114°33 '; The westernmost point is Yongji City Changwang Village West, 110°14 'East longitude. The total area of the province is 156,700 square kilometers, accounting for 1.6% of China's total area.

Shanxi Provincial People's Government

landform

Shanxi Province is located in the east wing of the loess Plateau in the west of North China. The landform of Shanxi Province is a mountain plateau covered extensively by loess. The outline of Shanxi Province is a parallelogram from northeast to southwest. The landform types are complex and diverse, including mountains, hills, plateaus, basins, platforms, etc., of which mountains and hills account for 80%, plateau, basin, platform and other flat river valleys account for 20%. Most of the area is more than 1,000 meters above sea level, showing a strong uplift situation compared with the eastern North China Great Plain. The highest point is the Yedou Peak of Wutai Mountain in the northeast, with an altitude of 3,058 meters, which is the highest peak in North China; The lowest point is the southern edge of Yuncheng Yuanqu County southeast West Yang River into the Yellow River, only 180 meters above sea level. The terrain of the territory is unusually undulating.

Shanxi Province mountains, hilly, gully, the overall terrain is "two mountains and a river", the east and west sides of the mountain and hilly uplift, the middle for a series of beaded basin subsidence, plain distribution among them. In the east, there are massive mountains formed by Taihang Mountain as the main vein, mainly from north to south Hengshan Mountain , Mount Wutai , Tie to Zhoushan , Taihang Mountains , Taeaksan and Zhongtiao Mountain Etc., its mountain is tall and majestic, above 1500 meters above sea level. A surname Lvliang Mountain The main dry Loess plateau, from north to south distribution Chilbongsan , Hongtao Mountain The main peaks of Guancen Mountain, Luya Mountain, Yunshan Mountain, Heicha Mountain, Guandi Mountain, Zijing Mountain, Longmen Mountain, which belong to the Luliang Mountain range, are mostly above 1500 meters above sea level, and Guandi Mountain is up to 2831 meters above sea level. In the middle, Datong, Xinzhou, Taiyuan, Linfen, Yuncheng and other "multi-shape" fault basins are separated from each other from the north to the south. In the southeast, there is a more unique Changzhi Plateau fault basin. The outline of the main body of the province is very much like a "concave" font.

In Shanxi Province, Datong, Xinzhou, Taiyuan, Linfen, Yuncheng, Jincheng and Changzhi basins in the center and southeast, as well as small and medium-sized basins and river valleys between Taihang and Luliang Mountains in the east and west, are densely populated and economically developed areas in the province. ^[2]

Climatic characteristics

Shanxi Province is located in the middle latitude area of the inland, in the climate type is temperate Continental monsoon climate . Due to the influence of solar radiation, monsoon circulation and geographical factors, the climate of Shanxi has the characteristics of four distinct seasons, rain and heat at the same time, sufficient sunlight, significant difference between the north and the south, wide temperature difference between winter and summer, and large temperature difference between day and night. The annual average temperature in Shanxi Province ranged from 4.2℃ to 14.2℃, and the general distribution trend was increasing from north to south, and decreasing from basin to mountain. The annual precipitation in the province ranges from 358-621 mm, with uneven seasonal distribution. The precipitation from June to August in summer is relatively concentrated, accounting for about 60% of the annual precipitation, and the distribution of precipitation in the province is greatly affected by terrain.

Climatic boundary map of Shanxi

Stream hydrology

There are more than 1000 rivers of all sizes in Shanxi Province. The main feature is that there are many rivers, mainly seasonal rivers, and the seasonal difference of water quantity is large. Shanxi river originates from the east and west plateau mountains and flows west to south Yellow River system Genus flowing east Haihe river system . Basin area There are 250 rivers over 100 square kilometers; Belonging to the Yellow River system are The Fenhe River (in Henan Province) , Qin River , The Sushui River , Mikawa , Xinshui river , Dan Chaung The river basin covers an area of 97,138 square kilometers, accounting for 62% of the province's total area; Belonging to the Haihe river system are Sanggan , Hutuo River , The Zhanghe River The river basin covers an area of 59,133 square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the province's total area. The Yellow River flows 968 kilometers along the border of Shanxi, and the Fenhe River is the largest river in Shanxi, with a total length of 694 kilometers.

Natural resources

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EDITOR

Water resources

Shanxi Province is The Yellow River with Haihe River The watershed of the two major river basins, the Yellow River basin area of 97,138 square kilometers, accounting for 62.2% of the province's area, Haihe River basin area of 59,133 square kilometers, accounting for 37.8% of the province's area. In addition to the main stream of the Yellow River, which is 965 kilometers long and flows through the west and south of the provincial boundary, there are 5 large rivers with a drainage area of more than 10,000 square kilometers in the province, respectively, the Yellow River basin The Fenhe River (in Henan Province) , Qin River Hai River basin Sanggan , The Zhanghe River , Hutuo River ; There are 48 medium-sized rivers with drainage areas of less than 10,000 square kilometers and more than 1,000 square kilometers. There are 397 small rivers with drainage areas smaller than 1,000 square kilometers and larger than 100 square kilometers. The rivers of Shanxi Province belong to the self-produced outflow system, the water source of the rivers comes from the atmospheric precipitation, and most of the rivers originate from the territory and spread out to the province. Shanxi is a major tributary of the Haihe River Yongding River , Daqing River , Ziya River , Zhangwei River It is also known as the "North China Water Tower".

By the end of 2022, large reservoirs in Shanxi Province had a capacity of 1.59 billion cubic meters. ^[46]

The largest river in Shanxi -- Fenhe River

Land resources

As of the end of 2019, the main geographical data of Shanxi Province are as follows:

1. Cultivated land 3.869,500 hectares (58.04.25 million mu)

Among them, paddy field was 0.500 hectares (75,300 mu), accounting for 0.13%; Irrigated land was 1.0478 million hectares (15.717 million mu), accounting for 27.08%; Dry land was 2.8167 million hectares (42.255 million mu), accounting for 72.79%. Xinzhou, Linfen, Luliang, Shuozhou, Yuncheng and other five cities have a large area of cultivated land, accounting for 61% of the province's cultivated land.

There are 2.73 million hectares (40,950,400 mu) of cultivated land in the area of annual cropping system, accounting for 70.55% of the province's cultivated land; The arable land in the area with two crops a year is 1.139,500 hectares (17,092,200 mu), accounting for 29.45%.

37,700 hectares (56500 mu) of cultivated land in areas with annual precipitation of more than 600 mm, accounting for 0.97% of the province's cultivated land; The cultivated land in the area with annual precipitation of 400-600 mm (including 400 mm) was 2,570,400 hectares (38,555,500 mu), accounting for 66.43%; The cultivated land in areas with annual precipitation below 400 mm is 1.261,500 hectares (18.92,200 mu), accounting for 32.60%.

The cultivated land in the slope below 2 degrees (including 2 degrees) was 1.7973 million hectares (26.9592 million mu), accounting for 46.45% of the province's cultivated land; 41,600 hectares (6,240,400 mu) of cultivated land located at 2-6 degrees slope (including 6 degrees), accounting for 10.75%; 837,700 hectares (12,554,700 mu) of cultivated land located at slopes ranging from 6 to 15 degrees (including 15 degrees), accounting for 21.63%; 377,200 hectares (5.65800 mu) of cultivated land located at 15-25 degrees slope (including 25 degrees), accounting for 9.75%; The cultivated land located at a slope of more than 25 degrees is 442,200 hectares (6,630,300 mu), accounting for 11.42%.

The slope cultivated land in the province was 1,244,400 hectares (16,866,600 mu), accounting for 29.06% of the province's cultivated land. The cultivated land of terrace is 947,800 hectares (14.216,800 mu), accounting for 24.49% of the province's cultivated land.

2. 640,900 hectares (9613,800 mu) of land

Among them, orchards were 553,800 hectares (8,306,300 mu), accounting for 86.40%; Tea garden 0.002 million hectares (0.02 million mu), accounting for 0.002%; The other garden land was 87,100 hectares (1,307,200 mu), accounting for 13.60%. The garden area is mainly distributed in Yuncheng, Luliang, Linfen and other three cities, accounting for 75% of the province's garden area, of which Linyi County has the largest area, accounting for 15% of the province's garden area.

3. 6.0957 million hectares (91,435 million mu) of forest land

Among them, the arbor forest land was 3.0324 million hectares (45.4857 million mu), accounting for 49.75%; Bamboo forest land was 0.03 million hectares (0.43 million mu), accounting for 0.005%; Shrub land was 1.7346 million hectares (26.086 million mu), accounting for 28.46%; Other forest land was 1.328400 million hectares (19.9264 million mu), accounting for 21.79%. Luliang, Linfen, Xinzhou, Jinzhong and other cities have a large area of forest land, accounting for 55% of the whole province's forest land.

3.1051 million hectares (46,576,600 mu) of grassland

Among them, natural grassland was 0.21 percent, accounting for 0.67 million hectares (100,100 mu). Artificial grassland was 0.15% of 0.48 million hectares (72,100 mu); Other grassland 3,093,600 hectares (46,404,500 mu), accounting for 99.63%. The grassland is mainly distributed in Xinzhou, Datong, Luliang, Jinzhong and Linfen, accounting for 73% of the grassland in the province.

V. 54,400 hectares (816,400 mu) of wetlands

Wetland is a new first-level land category in the "three adjustments", and there are 5 second-level land categories involved in the province. Among them, forest swamp 0.005 million hectares (0.07 million mu), accounting for 0.09%; Shrub swamp was 0.09 million ha (13,400 mu), accounting for 1.65%; The marsh grassland was 0.04 million hectares (0.53 million mu), accounting for 0.65%; Inland beaches were 52,400 hectares (785,500 mu), accounting for 96.22%; There were 0.08 million hectares (11,400 mu) of marshland, accounting for 1.40%. The wetlands are mainly distributed in Xinzhou, Yuncheng and other two cities, accounting for 46% of the province's wetlands.

6. 1,017,600 hectares of land were used for urban, rural, industrial and mining purposes (15,263,500 mu)

Among them, the urban land was 108,200 hectares (1,622,300 mu), accounting for 10.63%; The town land was 106,900 hectares (1,604,200 mu), accounting for 10.51%; The village land was 653,200 hectares (9,797,800 mu), accounting for 64.19%; 132,600 hectares (1,988,400 mu) of mining land, accounting for 13.03%; Scenic spots and special land were 16,700 hectares (250,700 mu), accounting for 1.64%.

7. 269,800 hectares (4,047,400 mu) of land for transportation

Among them, 25,800 hectares (386,700 mu) of railway land, accounting for 9.55%; Rail transit land 0.0002 million hectares (0.004 million mu), accounting for 0.001%; Highway land was 12800 hectares (1.9195 million mu), accounting for 47.43%; Rural roads were 113,900 hectares (1,708,800 mu), accounting for 42.22%; The airport land is 0.19 million hectares (28,900 mu), accounting for 0.71%; Port terminal land is 0.001 million hectares (0.01 million mu), accounting for 0.003%; Pipeline transportation land is 0.02 million hectares (0.33 million mu), accounting for 0.08%.

173,100 hectares (2,596,200 mu) of land for water and water conservancy facilities

Among them, river water surface of 97,600 hectares (1.4640 million mu), accounting for 56.39%; The water surface of the lake was 0.36 million hectares (543 million mu), accounting for 2.09%; The water surface of the reservoir was 35,600 hectares (534,100 mu), accounting for 20.57%; The water surface of the pit was 10,700 hectares (160,100 mu), accounting for 6.17%; 19,300 hectares (289,100 mu) of ditches, accounting for 11.13%; Water construction land was 0.63 million hectares (94,600 mu), accounting for 3.65%. Yuncheng, Luliang, Xinzhou and other three cities have a large water area, accounting for 42% of the province's water. ^[53]

Plant resources

There are more than 2,700 vascular plants known in Shanxi Province, of which 463 are woody plants. Shanxi vegetation from south to north can be divided into: south and southeast Deciduous broadleaf forest And secondary deciduous shrub dominated Summer green broadleaf forest or Mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest The distribution area is also the area with the most vegetation types and the richest species; Middle end Coniferous forest And medium deciduous shrub dominated, Summer green broadleaf forest It is a sub-distribution area, which is a large forest distribution area. The north and northwest are temperate grassland and semi-arid grassland distribution areas, less forest vegetation, dominant plants are long Miscanthus sinensis Xerophytic artemisia and Caragana caragana , sea-buckthorn Let's wait. Shanxi is rich in wild plant resources, and there are national first-class protected plants Southern Yew National secondary protection plants have Tonkin tree , Samara oil tree , Ash tree , Manchurian catalpa , Tilia amurensis Let's wait. There are more than 1000 kinds of wild medicinal plants, widely distributed in the hills and mountains, the more famous have codonopsis , astragalus , licorice , forsythia Let's wait. By 2022, Shanxi will have 3.228 million hectares of forest, with a forest coverage rate of 20.6 percent. ^[46]

Animal resources

"Shanxi Leopard" won the BBC Wildlife Infrared Camera Detection Competition

The wildlife in Shanxi Province is mainly terrestrial, with 439 known species (including historical records). There are 71 species of rare animals under state key protection, of which 17 are under first class protection: Brown pheasant , Golden eagle , Nippon ibis , White stork , Black stork , The Jade belt sea eagle , The white-tailed sea eagle , The tiger head sea eagle , Red-crowned crane , Great bustard , lammergeier , Larus relictus , The tiger , leopard , Sika deer , Musk deer , Forest musk deer . There are 54 species of second-class protected animals, including 42 species of birds, 1 species of amphibians and 11 species of mammals. Belonging to the provincial key protection are heron , The star-headed woodpecker So 27 kinds of. It belongs to 315 kinds of wild animals which are beneficial, have important economic and scientific research value. Shanxi Province has the largest number of wild North Chinese leopards in China, including Yuci, Lingqiu, Wuzhai, Ningwu, Heshun, Zuoquan, Lingchuan, Yangcheng, Qin County, Yicheng, Xia County, Pinglu, Jiaokou, Pingyao, Qinyuan, where North Chinese leopards are found. In May 2017, it was identified in Shanxi Province North China leopard Up to 80 individuals.

Mineral resources

There are 120 kinds of minerals discovered in Shanxi Province, among which 63 kinds of minerals have proven reserves. The mineral resources that rank first in China are Coal bed gas , bauxite , fireclay , magnesium Ore, metallurgy with dolomite Etc. 5 kinds. The main mineral resources that rank the top 10 in the country are coal , Coal bed gas , bauxite , Iron mine , rutile And so on 32 kinds. Among them, coal The retained resource reserves were 279.001 billion tons, accounting for 17.3% of the country's retained resource reserves, ranking third in the country; The remaining economic recoverable reserves of coalbed methane were 230,409 billion cubic meters, ranking first in China. bauxite The reserve of resources is 1.527 billion tons (ore volume), ranking first in China, accounting for 32.44% of the country's reserves; Iron mine Reserves of 3.937 billion tons, ranking eighth in China; Copper mine Concentrated in the Zhongtiaoshan area of Shanxi Province, the reserves of 2,299,400 tons (metal content); rutile The reserve of resources is 4.263,800 tons, ranking second in China. Sedimentary minerals such as coal and bauxite are widely distributed, and important minerals such as iron ore and copper ore are relatively concentrated, but important metal minerals have more lean ore and less rich ore, more associated ore and less single ore.

By the end of 2022, the proven geological reserves of coalbed gas in Shanxi Province were about 760.427 billion cubic meters. ^[67]

Land resources

On January 27, 2022, Shanxi Province announced the main data of the third land survey (hereinafter referred to as the "three adjustments"), including cultivated land, garden land, forest land, grassland, wetland, urban and village industrial and mining land, transportation land, water and water conservancy facilities land. Among them, the province cultivated more than 58 million mu. Shanxi Province cultivated a total of 58.0425 million mu. Among them, paddy field was 75,300 mu, accounting for 0.13%; Irrigated land was 15.717,300 mu, accounting for 27.08%; There were 42.255 million mu of dry land, accounting for 72.79%. Xinzhou, Linfen, Luliang, Shuozhou, Yuncheng and other five cities have a large area of cultivated land, accounting for 61% of the province's cultivated land. ^[30]

Garden area 9613,800 mu, mainly distributed in Yuncheng, Luliang, Linfen and other three cities, accounting for 75% of the province's garden. There are 91.435 million mu of forest land, and Luliang, Linfen, Xinzhou, Jinzhong and other cities have a large area of forest land, accounting for 55% of the province's forest land. 46,576,600 mu of grassland, mainly distributed in Xinzhou, Datong, Luliang, Jinzhong, Linfen and other 5 cities, accounting for 73% of the province's grassland.

The wetlands in the province involve 5 secondary land types, a total of 816,400 mu, mainly distributed in Xinzhou, Yuncheng and other two cities, accounting for 46% of the province's wetlands.

15.2635 million mu of land was used for urban and rural areas and industrial and mining areas. Among them, 1,622,300 mu of urban land, accounting for 10.63%; The built-up town land is 1.6042 million mu, accounting for 10.51%; Village land is 9.9778 million mu, accounting for 64.19%; Mining land is 1.9884 million mu, accounting for 13.03%; The land for scenic spots and special uses was 250,700 mu, accounting for 1.64%.

4.0474 million mu of land is used for transportation, including railway, rail transit, highways, rural roads, airport land, port terminals, and pipeline transportation land. The water area and water conservancy facilities are 2,596,200 mu, Yuncheng, Luliang, Xinzhou and other three cities have a large water area, accounting for 42% of the province's water area. ^[30]

population

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EDITOR

According to the seventh census data, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Shanxi Province was 34,915,616. ^[54]

By the end of 2022, the permanent population of Shanxi Province was 34.813 million, an increase of 0.88 million or 0.03 percent over the previous year. By the end of 2022, among the permanent residents of Shanxi Province, the birth population was 235,100, 11,300 fewer than the previous year; The birth rate was 6.75 per thousand, down 0.31 thousand points from the previous year. The death toll was 269,100, 13,700 more than the previous year; The mortality rate was 7.73 per thousand, an increase of 0.41 thousand points over the previous year. The natural population growth rate was -0.98‰, a decrease of 0.72 thousand points over the previous year. ^[48]

By the end of 2023, The permanent population of Shanxi was 34,659,900, a decrease of 153,600, or 0.44 percent, over the previous year. In 2023, the total number of births in the province was 21,100, down 22,200 from the previous year. The birth rate was 6.13 per thousand, down 0.62 thousand points from the previous year. The death toll was 291,100, an increase of 22,200 over the previous year; The mortality rate was 8.38‰, an increase of 0.65 thousand points over the previous year. The natural population growth rate was -2.25‰, 1.27 thousand points lower than the previous year. ^[79]

Change of permanent population in Shanxi Province (2017-2022)

Reference source ^[46] ^{[58] 54 -}

political

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EDITOR

Current Leaders of four major groups in Shanxi Province (as of February 2024)
institution	job	name
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China	secretary	Tang Dengjie ^[62]
	Deputy secretary	Jin Xiang's Legion ^[24] ^[36] ^[60] , Zhang Chunlin ^[65]
	Member of the Standing Committee	Wang Yongjun , Xu Guangguo , Zhang Jifu , Hu Lijie (F) ^[25] ^[72] , Li Fengqi ^[24] , Wu Wei , Lu Dongliang , Wei Tao , Zheng Liansheng ^[27]
	Secretary general	Li Fengqi ^[24]
Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial People's Congress	DIRECTOR	Tang Dengjie ^[61] ^[70]
	Deputy director	Luo Qingyu , He Tiancai , Xie Hong (female), Wang Chun , Zhang Zhichuan , Wu Junqing , Chen Anli ^[29] ^[41] ^[71]
	Secretary general	Guo Haigang
Shanxi Provincial People's Government	Provincial governor	Jin Xiang's Legion ^[1] ^[26] ^[37] ^[41]
	vice-governor	Wu Wei , Tang Zhiping , Zhao Hongyan (female), Yang Qinrong , Xiong Jijun ^[41] ^[74-76]
	Secretary general	Li Qiuzhu ^[23] ^[34]
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference	chairman	Wu Cunrong
	vice-chairman	Li Zhengyin , Zhang Fuming , Li Xiaobo , Li Qingshan , Li Sijin , Wang Liwei , Yan Chenxi , Wang Lei (female), Xu Guangguo ^[40] ^[69]
	Secretary general	Zhang Qiyun

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

On March 20, 2024, Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics issued a statistical communique on 2023 provincial national economic and social development. According to the preliminary calculation, the annual GDP of the province was 2,569.818 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year at constant prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 138.886 billion yuan, up by 4.0 percent, accounting for 5.4 percent of the regional GDP; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,332.969 billion yuan, up by 5.1%, accounting for 51.9% of the regional GDP; The value added of the tertiary industry was 1,097.964 billion yuan, up by 5.0%, accounting for 42.7% of the regional GDP. Per capita GDP was 73,984 yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent over the previous year; $10,499 at the 2023 average exchange rate. ^[80]

In 2022, the regional GDP of Shanxi Province reached 2,564.259 billion yuan, exceeding 2.5 trillion yuan for the first time after reaching a new level of "2 trillion yuan" in 2021. At constant prices, it was an increase of 4.4% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 134.04 billion yuan, up by 5.1%; The value added of the secondary industry was 1,384.085 billion yuan, up by 6.2%; The value added of the tertiary industry was 1,046.134 billion yuan, up by 2.7%. ^[44]

In 2023, the GDP of Shanxi Province reached 2,569.818 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year at constant prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 138.886 billion yuan, up by 4.0 percent; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,332.969 billion yuan, up by 5.1%; The value added of the tertiary industry was 1,097.964 billion yuan, up by 5.0%. ^[77]

Investment in fixed assets

In 2023, fixed asset investment in Shanxi Province fell by 6.6% from the previous year. The investment structure was further improved, with the proportion of industrial investment in fixed assets rising by 1.1 percentage points over the previous year, that of high-tech manufacturing by 0.6 percentage points, and that of equipment manufacturing by 0.5 percentage points. ^[77]

Fiscal revenue and expenditure

In 2023, the general public budget revenue of Shanxi Province is 347.91 billion yuan, an increase of 0.7% over the previous year; Among them, tax revenue fell 5.2 percent and non-tax revenue increased 21.8 percent. In 2023, the general public budget expenditure of Shanxi Province is 635.12 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1%. At the end of December, the deposit balance of local and foreign currencies of financial institutions in the province was 5,786.33 billion yuan, an increase of 7.9% over the end of the previous year and 421.63 billion yuan over the beginning of the year; The outstanding balance of various loans reached 4,194.41 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% and an increase of 424.01 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. ^[77]

People's livelihood

In 2023, the per capita disposable income of Shanxi residents will be 30,924 yuan, an increase of 6.0 percent over the previous year; The per capita consumption expenditure was 19,756 yuan, up 12.7 percent. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 41,327 yuan, up by 4.5 percent, and the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 24,524 yuan, up by 11.9 percent; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 17,677 yuan, up by 8.3 percent, and the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 13,684 yuan, up by 13.2 percent. The ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in the province was 2.34, which decreased by 0.08 compared with the previous year. The Engel coefficient of residents in the province is 26.6%, of which 25.3% is in urban areas and 29.5% is in rural areas. ^[81]

In 2023, the consumer price ratio of Shanxi Province will drop 0.1 percent from the previous year. Prices of food, tobacco and alcohol fell 0.2%, clothing rose 0.3%, housing was flat, daily necessities and services rose 0.3%, transportation and communications fell 2.0%, education, culture and entertainment rose 0.4%, health care rose 0.9%, and other supplies and services rose 2.4%. ^[77]

Change of the gross regional product of Shanxi Province (2017-2022)

Reference source ^[46] ^{[55 to 59]}

Primary industry

In 2023, Shanxi Province's crop planting area was 3641.8 thousand hectares, an increase of 30.1 thousand hectares over the previous year. Among them, the area of grain cultivation was 3,161.0 thousand hectares, an increase of 10.6 thousand hectares; The planted area of oil is 98.0 thousand hectares, an increase of 8.5 thousand hectares; The planting area of Chinese herbal medicines was 101.7 thousand hectares, an increase of 2.2 thousand hectares; The vegetable planting area was 227.1 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.9 thousand hectares. Among the grain planting area, the corn planting area was 1,842.2 thousand hectares, an increase of 28.3 thousand hectares; The area under wheat cultivation was 535.9 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.8 thousand hectares. The orchard area is 380.3 thousand hectares, a decrease of 3.6 thousand hectares. ^[81]

agriculture

In 2023, the total grain output of Shanxi Province reached 14.781 million tons, an increase of 0.9 percent over the previous year. The output of summer grain was 2.471 million tons, up 0.8%; The output of autumn grain was 1.23 million tons, up by 1.0%. Grain yield per mu was 311.7 kg, an increase of 0.6 percent over the previous year. ^[77]

Animal husbandry

In 2023, the output of pig, cattle, sheep and poultry meat in Shanxi Province was 1.543 million tons, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 995,000 tons, an increase of 7.7%; Beef output was 102,000 tons, up 12.4 percent; The output of mutton was 120 thousand tons, an increase of 7.1%; The output of poultry meat was 326,000 tons, up 9.3%. The output of poultry eggs was 1.267 million tons, an increase of 7.4%. Milk production was 1.471 million tons, up by 3.0%. The output of aquatic products was 55,000 tons, an increase of 4.5%. The stock of live pigs at the end of the year was 8.141 million, down 0.2% from the end of the previous year; Last year, 12.761 million pigs were sold, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year. ^[81]

Secondary industry

industry

In 2023, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shanxi Province increased by 4.6% over the previous year. Across the three categories, mining grew 3.3 percent, manufacturing 8.1 percent, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply 2.4 percent. From the perspective of coal and non-coal, the coal industry grew by 3.6%, and the non-coal industry grew by 6.2%. In terms of products, the supply of coal, electricity and natural gas continues to be safe and stable. The output of raw coal in the province was 1,356.582 million tons, up by 3.3%; The output of unconventional natural gas was 14.59 billion cubic meters, up 9.6%; Power generation was 437.61 billion KWH, up by 4.6%, of which 157.60 billion KWH was exported, up by 7.7%. In 2023, among the industries above designated size in Shanxi Province, the added value of strategic emerging industries increased by 10.9% over the previous year, among which the energy conservation and environmental protection industry increased by 32.9%; The comprehensive utilization of waste resources increased by 65.6%, and the food industry increased by 14.4%, both faster than the growth rate of the province's regulated industries. In 2023, the ex-factory price of industrial producers in Shanxi Province dropped 8.7 percent from the previous year. Among them, the price of coal mining and washing industry fell by 14.7 percent, the oil, coal and other fuel processing industry fell by 17.6 percent, the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry fell by 11.3 percent, and the electricity and heat production and supply industry fell by 1.4 percent. The purchasing prices of industrial producers fell by 5.3%. ^[77]

In 2023, the raw coal output of Shanxi Province will be 1377,520 tons, an increase of 4.4 percent over the previous year; Among them, the raw coal output of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,356.582 million tons, up by 3.3%. The coke output of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province was 95.716 million tons, down 2.4%; Power generation was 437.61 billion KWH, up 4.6%; The output of unconventional natural gas was 14.59 billion cubic meters, up 9.6%. ^[81]

In 2023, Shanxi Province's installed power generation capacity of 133.041 million kilowatts, an increase of 10.1% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the installed thermal power capacity was 80.107 million kW, an increase of 2.2%; Grid-connected wind power installed capacity was 24.997 million kW, up 7.8%; The installed capacity of grid-connected solar power generation was 24.905 million kW, up 46.9%; The installed hydropower capacity was 2.251 million kW, up 0.3%.

In 2023, the total power generation of Shanxi Province will reach 446.10 billion KWH, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. 157.60 billion KWH of electricity was transferred outside the province, up 7.7%. China's electricity consumption was 288.05 billion KWH, up by 6.0%; Among them, the primary industry electricity consumption of 2.55 billion KWH, an increase of 11.3%; The electricity consumption of the secondary industry was 214.79 billion KWH, up by 4.6%, of which the industrial electricity consumption was 212.24 billion KWH, up by 4.8%; The tertiary industry consumed 40.56 billion KWH, up 13.7%; The domestic electricity consumption of urban and rural residents was 30.60 billion KWH, an increase of 6.3%. ^[81]

Building industry

In 2022, the added value of the construction industry in Shanxi Province was 109.331 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0% over the previous year at constant prices. Construction enterprises with general contracting and professional contracting qualifications in the province signed contracts totaling 1,414.36 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%; Its total output value was 614.55 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%; The construction area of housing was 226.4881 million square meters, down 2.9 percent. ^[46]

Tertiary industry

Service industry

In 2023, the added value of the service industry in Shanxi Province was 1,097.964 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year at constant prices. Specifically, the added value of wholesale and retail trade was 166.328 billion yuan, up by 3.4%; The value added of the transportation, warehousing and postal industries was 133.586 billion yuan, up by 7.4%; The added value of the accommodation and catering industry was 25.198 billion yuan, up by 14.9%; The added value of the financial industry was 139.02 billion yuan, up by 6.0%; The added value of the real estate industry was 116.377 billion yuan, up by 1.2%; The value added of information transmission, software and information technology services was 58.789 billion yuan, up by 7.4%; The added value of leasing and business services was 27.518 billion yuan, down 0.7%. For the year, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 1.5 percent, and the total profit increased by 32.4 percent. ^[81]

On March 24, 2023, the 2023 Shanxi Digital Transformation Promotion Conference and a series of activities kickoff meeting hosted by Shanxi Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology was held in Taiyuan, Shanxi. With the theme of "Digitalization helps accelerate the operation of the twin engines of 'industrial chain and professional town'", this digital conference delivered a keynote speech on the transformation and upgrading of digitally-empowered enterprises and industrial transformation and upgrading. Four series of activities, including service industry chain 2023 by Shanxi Digital Transformation Promotion Center, special activities on digitization of enterprises in specialized towns and Shanxi activities on Enabling high-quality development of digital economy in nine provinces and regions along the Yellow River, were launched. ^[47]

Domestic trade

In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Shanxi Province reached 798.18 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year. In urban and rural areas, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 658.08 billion yuan, up by 5.5%; Retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas reached 139.38 billion yuan, up by 5.6%. In terms of consumption patterns, retail sales of commodities reached 713.46 billion yuan, up by 4.8%; The revenue of catering industry reached 84.72 billion yuan, up by 12.2%. In 2023, the retail sales of consumer goods above designated size in Shanxi Province will reach 280.06 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%. In 2023, among the retail sales of consumer goods above quota in Shanxi Province, the retail sales of photographic equipment increased by 7.9 times over the previous year, the retail sales of new energy vehicles increased by 53.6%, and the retail sales of wearable smart devices increased by 44.5%. ^[77]

Foreign economy

In 2023, the total import and export volume of Shanxi Province was 169.37 billion yuan, down 7.4 percent from the previous year. Specifically, the export value was 105.03 billion yuan, down by 12.3%; The value of imports was 64.34 billion yuan, up by 2.0%. China's imports and exports to countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative reached 71.7 billion yuan, an increase of 5.7%. Specifically, the export value was 36.46 billion yuan, down 7.9%; The value of imports was 35.24 billion yuan, up by 24.9%. ^[81]

Attract investment

In 2022, 91 new foreign direct investment enterprises will be established in Shanxi Province. According to the overall statistics, the amount of actually used foreign direct investment was 830 million US dollars, an increase of 2.4 times. The value of newly signed contracts for overseas contracted projects was US $1.60 billion, down 45.2%; Turnover was $1.73 billion, up 8.0%. ^[46]

Real estate industry

In 2023, the sales area of commercial housing in Shanxi Province was 23.529 million square meters, an increase of 4.3 percent over the previous year; The sales volume of commercial housing was 158.82 billion yuan, up by 4.8%. ^[77]

Post and telecommunications

In 2023, Shanxi completed 16.71 billion standard postal services, an increase of 33.8% over the previous year. The volume of Posting and delivery business in the postal industry was 1.80 billion, an increase of 30.1%; Among them, the volume of express delivery was 1.10 billion, up 56.5%; The revenue of express delivery business was 11.03 billion yuan, up 38.8 percent. Over the year, 6.183 million postal letters were handled, an increase of 9.5%. The total volume of telecommunications business was 36.39 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1%. By the end of the year, there were 329,000 mobile phone base stations, including 163,000 4G base stations and 93,000 5G base stations. At the end of the year, there were 42.146 million mobile phone users, of which 20.476 million were 5G mobile phone users. The number of broadband access users in the province reached 16.051 million, an increase of 9.1%. The province's mobile Internet user access traffic was 6.45 billion GB, an increase of 14.0%. ^[81]

tourism

In 2023, key monitoring scenic spots in Shanxi Province received 80,705 million visits, an increase of 1.6 times over the previous year; Ticket revenue was 2.69 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2 times; Operating income was 4.53 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0 times. ^[77]

Banking industry

At the end of 2023, the deposit balance of local and foreign currencies of financial institutions in Shanxi Province was 5,786.33 billion yuan, an increase of 7.9% over the end of the previous year and 421.63 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. The outstanding balance of various loans reached 4,194.41 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% over the end of the previous year and an increase of 424.01 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. At the end of the year, the RMB deposit balance of rural financial cooperative institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural commercial banks) in the province was 1,288.10 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5% over the end of the previous year, an increase of 122.15 billion yuan over the beginning of the year; The outstanding amount of RMB loans was 812.96 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1% over the end of the previous year and 81.18 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. ^[81]

By the end of 2023, there were 41 listed companies in Shanxi Province. The turnover of all kinds of securities in the securities market under the jurisdiction of the province was 8613.92 billion yuan, an increase of 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, the turnover of stocks was 2,795.21 billion yuan, down 9.0%; The turnover of the fund was 134.0.0 billion yuan, up by 1.5%; The turnover of bonds was 568.21 billion yuan, up by 6.1%. At the end of the year, 6.47 million investors opened securities accounts, an increase of 8.8%.

Insurance industry

In 2023, the original insurance premium income of Shanxi Province was 110.67 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3% over the previous year. Among them, the original insurance premium income of life insurance business was 65.21 billion yuan, up by 12.6%; The original insurance premium income of health insurance business was 16.80 billion yuan, up by 2.3%; Original insurance premium income of accident insurance business was 1.94 billion yuan, down 3.9%; The original premium income of property insurance business was 26.72 billion yuan, up by 7.2%. China paid 36.96 billion yuan in compensation and payments, up 12.3 percent. ^[81]

Taiyuan City

transportation

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EDITOR

traffic

By the end of 2022, Shanxi had 145,000 kilometers of highways open to traffic, including 5,869.0 kilometers of expressways. ^[46]

highroad

The highway density in Shanxi Province is 87 km / 100 square kilometers, and the "three vertical, eleven horizontal and eleven ring" expressway network is basically formed. 96.3 percent of national roads and 85.5 percent of provincial roads meet Grade II or above standards. To realize the "two connections and one hardening" of rural traffic, the qualified villages have realized the "full coverage" of cement (oil) roads, buses and streets; Thirteen percent of township government locations and six percent of administrative villages have access to public transportation. Urban buses and taxis carried 1.32 billion and 1.07 billion passengers respectively. Taiyuan City is listed as the first batch of countries" Transit city Pilot demonstration city. In 2013, Taiyuan and Datong were respectively identified as one of the 42 national comprehensive transportation hubs.

railway

Shanxi Province is an important transportation hub in North China, for Tongpu, Jingbao, Daqin, Shitai, Taizhongyin, Taijiao, Shenhuang, Shitai Kezhuan, Daxi Kezhuan and other important trunk intersection. Main passenger railway stations in Shanxi Province: Taiyuan Station , Taiyuan South Railway Station , Datong station , Datong South Railway Station , Shuozhou Railway Station , Xinzhou Railway Station , Xinzhou West Railway Station , Original flat station , Yangquan Railway Station , Yangquan North Railway Station , Jinzhong Railway Station , Yuci Station , Jiexiu station , Lvliang station , Linfen Railway Station , Linfen West Railway Station , Houma Station , Changzhi Railway Station , Changzhi East Railway Station , Jincheng Station , Jincheng East Railway Station , Yuncheng Railway Station , Yuncheng North Railway Station Let's wait.

Taiyuan South Railway Station

aviation

As of 2024, Shanxi Province has a total Taiyuan Wusu International Airport (Flying Area Class 4E), Yuncheng Salt Lake International Airport (Flight area Class 4D) ^[82] , Changzhi Wangcun Airport (Flying Area Class 4C), Datong Yungang Airport (Flying Area Class 4C), Luliang Dawu Airport (Flying Area Class 4C), Linfen Yaodu Airport (Flying Area Class 4C), Xinzhou Wutai Mountain Airport (Flying Area Class 4C), Shuozhou Nourishing Airport (Flight area Class 4C) and eight other civil airports.

city	Airport name	Airport location	Airport type
Taiyuan	Taiyuan Wusu International Airport	Taiyuan City Shopping area	International civil aviation airport
Datong	Datong Yungang Airport	Datong City Yunzhou District	International civil aviation airport
Yuncheng	Yuncheng Salt Lake International Airport	Yuncheng City Salt Lake District	International joint military and civilian airport
Xinzhou	Xinzhou Wutai Mountain Airport	Xinzhou City Dingxiang county	International joint military and civilian airport
Changzhi	Changzhi Wangcun Airport	Changzhi City Luzhou District	Domestic military and civilian airfields
Lv Liang	Luliang Dawu Airport	Lvliang City Fangshan county	Civil transport airport
Linfen	Linfen Yaodu Airport	Linfen City Yaodu district
Shuozhou	Shuozhou Nourishing Airport	Shuozhou City Shuocheng District

subway

On February 28, 2018, Taiyuan Metro realized "tunnel pass" on all lines.

On July 16, 2019, Taiyuan China Railway Rail Transit Construction and Operation Co., Ltd. was established; On August 12, the main structure of the station was completely capped; On December 31, the whole line achieved "rail pass" and "electric pass".

On September 1, 2020, Taiyuan Metro began no-load test operation; On October 23, the initial operation plan passed the review and evaluation; On November 1, it entered the "running map" mode according to the standard of opening passengers; On December 6, the project of Taiyuan Rail Transit Line 2 successfully passed the completion and acceptance; On December 19, the first phase of Taiyuan rail Transit Line 2 passed the safety assessment before the initial operation. ^[28]

transport

In 2023, the passenger transport volume of Shanxi Province reached 123.787 million, an increase of 97.3 percent over the previous year. Passenger transport turnover was 27.75 billion person-kilometers, up 132.9%. The volume of cargo transported was 2.23 billion tons, an increase of 5.3%. The turnover of cargo transport was 687.74 billion ton-kilometers, up by 6.2%. The throughput of civil aviation passengers reached 18.286 million, up 136.5%. Throughout the year, the province added 1,076.2 kilometers of new highway mileage, and by the end of the year, the highway mileage was 147,000 kilometers, of which 6,187.6 kilometers of expressways. ^[81]

Taiyuan Wusu International Airport

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Scientific and technological undertaking

In 2023, the number of patents granted in Shanxi Province was 28,463, down 13.9% from the previous year. Among them, 6,557 invention patents were granted, an increase of 30.5%. The total value of technical contracts in the year was 59.39 billion yuan. The province has 35 national enterprise technology centers, 3 more than the previous year; There were 511 provincial enterprise technology centers, an increase of 42. There are 4,155 high-tech enterprises and 2,392 specialized and special new enterprises in the province. ^[81]

By the end of 2022, there were 109 meteorological stations and stations in Shanxi Province, and 11 stations carried out automatic telephone weather consultation. The meteorological system carried out weather modification operations in 107 units, and the cumulative benefit area of hail prevention and rain enhancement was within the province, with an increase in rainfall of 4.07 billion cubic meters. There are 1 Intel website for weather forecasting service and 4 satellite cloud image receiving stations. ^[46]

By the end of 2022, Shanxi Province has 5 professional comprehensive seismic stations, 1 provincial seismic network center and 1 provincial digital seismic network. Seven earthquakes of magnitude M3.0 or greater occurred, with the largest being M3.8. ^[46]

Educational cause

In 2023, there will be 6,841 kindergartens, 3,805 primary schools, 1,346 junior middle schools, 510 regular senior high schools, 413 secondary vocational schools, 83 regular and vocational colleges and 8 adult colleges and universities in Shanxi Province.

In 2023, Shanxi will enroll 21,000 graduate students, 61,000 graduate students and 16,000 graduates. The regular undergraduate enrollment is 147,000, with 551,000 students and 138,000 graduates. Vocational college enrollment of 138,000 people, 412,000 students, 125,000 graduates. Secondary vocational education enrolls 138,000 students, with 416,000 students and 135,000 graduates. Regular senior high schools enrolled 212,000 students, with 678,000 students and 221,000 graduates. The junior high school enrollment was 371,000, with 1.122 million students and 349,000 graduates. The primary school enrollment was 399,000, with 2.318,000 students and 379,000 graduates. Special education enrollment of 0.4 million, 20,000 students, graduates of 0.4 million. Preschool education in the park 918,000 children. ^[81]

city	level	name
Taiyuan City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi University , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan University of Science and Technology , North University of China , Shanxi Normal University , Shanxi Medical University , Shanxi University of Finance and Economics , Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taiyuan Normal University , Taiyuan University , Shanxi Police College , Shanxi University of Applied Science and Technology , Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering and Technology , Shanxi Technology and Business University , Taiyuan Institute of Technology , Shanxi Medical University Jinci College , School of Chinese Business, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics
Taiyuan City	Junior college	Shanxi Finance and Taxation College , Shanxi Art Vocational College , Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College , Shanxi Finance and Trade Vocational and Technical College , Shanxi Forestry Vocational and Technical College , Shanxi Vocational and Technical College , Shanxi Vocational College of Finance , Taiyuan City vocational and technical College , Shanxi Sports Vocational College , Shanxi Police Vocational College , Shanxi International Business Vocational College , Taiyuan Tourism Vocational College , Shanxi Tourism Vocational College , Shanxi Electric Power Vocational technical College , Shanxi old district vocational and technical college , Shanxi Water Conservancy Technical College , Shanxi Vocational College of Economy and Trade , Shanxi Railway Vocational and technical College , Shanxi Youth Vocational College , Taiyuan Preschool Normal College , Shanxi Engineering Vocational College , Shanxi Health Vocational College
Jinzhong City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi Agricultural University , Shanxi Energy University , Shanxi University of Communication , Jinzhong College , Jinzhong College of Information , Shanxi Jinzhong Institute of Technology , Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering and Technology
Jinzhong City	Junior college	Shanxi Tongwen vocational and technical College , Jinzhong Vocational and technical College , Shanxi Huaao business vocational college , Jinzhong Normal College
Yuncheng City	Undergraduate course	Yuncheng University , Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University
Yuncheng City	Junior college	Shanxi Water Conservancy Technical College , Shanxi Yuncheng agricultural vocational and technical College , Yuncheng preschool Teachers College , Yuncheng Nursing Vocational College , Yuncheng Normal College
Linfen City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi Electronic Science and Technology Institute ^[63]
Linfen City	Junior college	Shanxi College of Information Technology , Shanxi Vocational College of Management , Linfen Vocational and Technical College
Changzhi City	Undergraduate course	Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi College
Changzhi City	Junior college	Shanxi Mechanical and electrical vocational technical College , Changzhi Vocational and Technical College , Lu 'an Vocational and Technical College , Changzhi Preschool Teachers College
Datong City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi Datong University ^[64]
Datong City	Junior college	Datong Coal Vocational and technical College , Datong Teachers College , Shanxi General Aviation Vocational and technical College
Yangquan City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi Institute of Engineering and Technology
Yangquan City	Junior college	Yangquan Vocational and Technical College , Yangquan Normal College
Xinzhou City	Undergraduate course	Xinzhou Normal University
Xinzhou City	Junior college	Xinzhou Vocational and Technical College
Lvliang City	Undergraduate course	Luliang College
Lvliang City	Junior college	Luliang Vocational and Technical College , Luliang Normal College
Shuozhou City	Undergraduate course	Shanxi Institute of Technology
Shuozhou City	Junior college	Shuozhou Vocational and Technical College , Shuozhou ceramic vocational technical College , Shuozhou Normal College
Jincheng	Undergraduate course	Shanxi University of Science and Technology
Jincheng	Junior college	Jincheng Vocational and technical College
Reference materials: ^{[33] 32 -}

Cultural undertaking

By the end of 2023, there were 129 cultural centers and 1,299 cultural stations in Shanxi Province. There are 127 public libraries. It publishes 53 newspapers (not including university newspapers) with 2 billion copies, 198 periodicals with 15.27 million copies, and 3,474 books with 11.723 million copies. There are 112 radio and television stations, 15 medium and short wave transmission stations, 172 frequency modulation and television transmission stations, and 146 frequency modulation and television transmission stations over 100 watts. In the whole year, the operating income of cultural and related industry enterprises above designated size in the province was 45.04 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year. ^[81]

Sports cause

By the end of 2023, Shanxi Province had 91.897 million square meters of sports venues; There were 121,364 sports venues, 6,238 for basic events, 65,254 for ball games, 63 for ice and snow sports, 44,786 for sports and fitness, and 64 for large-scale stadiums. Throughout the year, the province's athletes won 117 gold, 104 silver and 91 bronze MEDALS respectively in major competitions at home and abroad (including non-Olympic events). Throughout the year, 13.34 million people regularly participated in physical exercise in the province, and 100 national fitness programs were carried out. In the whole year, the province sold 5.94 billion yuan of Chinese sports lottery, an increase of 37.3% over the previous year. ^[81]

Health service

By the end of 2023, there were 38,000 medical and health institutions (including clinics and village clinics) with 232,000 beds in Shanxi Province. There were 417 specialized public health institutions and 129 maternal and child health hospitals. There are 297,000 health technicians in the province's medical and health institutions. 25,000 health technicians in health centers, including 23,000 in rural township health centers. There were 14,000 health technicians in community health service centers (stations), 17,000 health technicians in specialized public health institutions, and 10,000 health technicians in maternal and child health hospitals (stations and stations). ^[81]

Social security

By the end of 2023, 1.1021 million urban workers in Shanxi Province were participating in basic old-age insurance, an increase of 363,000 over the end of the previous year; 16,232,000 people participated in basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, a decrease of 50,000; 7.539 million urban workers participated in basic medical insurance, an increase of 144,000; 24.343 million people participated in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, a decrease of 262,000; 5.534 million people participated in unemployment insurance, an increase of 219,000; 6.696 million people participated in work-related injury insurance, an increase of 46,000; A total of 4.906 million people were covered by maternity insurance, an increase of 105,000. ^[81]

In 2023, 160,000 people in Shanxi Province received urban minimum living security relief, and a total of 1.03 billion yuan of urban minimum living security funds were distributed throughout the year. By the end of the year, the province's rural five guarantees provided 124,000 people.

By the end of 2023, there were 21,347 community service facilities in cities and towns in Shanxi Province, among which 833 were comprehensive community service centers. There were 103,719 beds in various foster units and 42,877 adoptions. The state provided subsidies to 219,000 entitled groups. The annual sales of welfare lottery totaled 3.25 billion yuan, raising 980 million yuan of social welfare funds, and receiving 14.205 million yuan of social donations. ^[81]

Environmental protection

By the end of 2022, Shanxi Province According to the "Ambient Air Quality Index (AQI) Technical Regulations (Trial) (HJ633-2012)" evaluation, the number of days for 11 prefecture-level cities to reach the ambient air standard ranges from 219 to 327 days. PM 2.5 The average concentration was 38 micrograms per cubic meter, and the proportion of good days reached 74.5%. ^[46]

In 2022, a total of 93 sections in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River and Haihe River basin will be monitored, with 87.1% of the sections meeting Class III or above (including class I, II and III) water quality standards and 11.8% meeting class IV water quality standards. ^[46]

In 2022, the comprehensive index of ambient air quality in Shanxi Province was 4.49, down 2.4% year-on-year; The proportion of good days was 74.5%, 2.4 percentage points higher than last year; PM 2.5 The concentration was 38 micrograms per cubic meter, down 2.6 percent from a year earlier. In 2022, the proportion of excellent water quality in Shanxi's National Examination section was 87.1%, an increase of 14.8 percentage points year-on-year. ^[46]

The Outline of Shanxi Ecological Province Construction Plan (2021-2030) was issued. Strengthen digital empowerment, accelerate the construction of ecological environment monitoring network, and carry out PM 2.5 And O 3 In coordination with the construction of control and monitoring networks, China has completed the construction of volatile organic matter monitoring networks in 11 cities, built nine atmospheric particulate matter component monitoring stations, carried out volatile organic matter navigation inspection and law enforcement, and optimized and adjusted the Settings of atmospheric, water and soil environmental monitoring points. We improved our capacity to treat urban domestic sewage, upgraded 2,583.1 kilometers of combined rain-pollution pipe networks, started domestic sewage treatment projects in 625 administrative villages, improved the rural living environment in 461 administrative villages, and improved 17 more black and odorous water bodies in rural areas under state supervision. ^[45]

Safe production

In 2022, a total of 562 production safety accidents occurred in Shanxi Province, down 18.0 percent. The death toll was 653, down 16.7 percent. The death rate of coal per million tons in Shanxi Province is 0.049. In 2022, the direct economic loss caused by various natural disasters in Shanxi Province was 4.02 billion yuan, down 82.6 percent from the previous year; The affected area of crops was 372,000 hectares, a decrease of 67.9%, of which 23,000 hectares had no harvest, a decrease of 85.9%. ^[46]

History and culture

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EDITOR

summarize

Shanxi is one of the earliest origin and central areas for the development of human and Chinese civilization. Archaeology shows that in ancient times, the southwest of the mountain is the origin of human dawn. The discovery of the "Century Eosinus" fossil in Yuanqu County, Yuncheng, has pushed forward the time of the emergence of anthropoids by 10 million years. Archeology also shows that the earliest in the early Paleolithic Age about 1.8 million years ago, the primitive people multiplied in the south of Shanxi Province, including the West Houdu cultural site in Ruicheng County, Yuncheng. 2.43 million years ago ^[66] The discovery of burned bones pushed the history of human fire found in China forward by 1 million years; About 100,000 to 20,000 years ago in the middle Paleolithic Age, on both sides of the Fenhe River in Shanxi Province and around Datong and Shuozhou, there have been relatively concentrated primitive people and villages. Entering the Neolithic Age, about 7000 years ago in the middle of the Neolithic Age, agriculture, animal husbandry and handwork in the south of Shanxi have reached a fairly developed level; About 4,500 years ago in the late Neolithic Age, southern Shanxi had become the center of many states at that time. The history of "Yaodu Pingyang (now Yaodu District, Linfen), Shundu Puban (now southwest of Yongji City, Yuncheng), Yudu Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Yuncheng)" records the history of the earliest heroes of the Chinese nation in the late Neolithic Age in the lower reaches of the Fenhe River. Yao Temple in the south of Linfen City, Yao Mausoleum in the east, and Shun Emperor Mausoleum Temple in the north and middle of Yuncheng Salt Lake District. "Yu Gong" contains Xia Yu to control the water "guiding the river and accumulating stones, as for Longmen", Longmen is also called Yu Men mouth, in the northwest of Hejin City in Shanxi Province and the northeast of Han City in Shaanxi Province. In recent years, the new discovery and research results of the site of Tao Temple in Xiangfen County, Linfen show that this is the seat of Emperor Yao's capital and the earliest region of China. This makes the Yao Shunyu era, a prehistoric legend in China about 4,500 years ago, become a legend and a history of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years. After Yu's death in about 2070 BC, his son Qi succeeded him, establishing the Xia Dynasty with the first hereditary clan slavery in Chinese history. Its establishment marked the disintegration of the primitive communes in ancient China and the beginning of the slave society, which opened a new era of the development of Chinese civilization. ^[49]

Cultural protection

Shanxi Province is known as a province of cultural relics, in the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units (hereinafter referred to as "state protection units") list released by The State Council, Shanxi added 79, the number of "state protection units" reached 531, ranking first in the country.

The "National protection unit" in Shanxi Province is famous for its high quality, full variety, long span of time, and intact original appearance. It contains diverse cultures, covering ancient ruins, ancient buildings, ancient tombs, grotto temples and stone carvings, modern and modern revolutionary sites and other related types. These cultural relics are the common cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Among the 531 "state protection units" in Shanxi, the number of ancient buildings is the largest, 421, accounting for 79.3%; 46 ancient sites, accounting for 8.7%; There are 28 important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times, accounting for 5.3%; There were 20 ancient tombs, accounting for 3.8%; 15 cave temples and stone carvings, accounting for 2.8%; There is another category, for the Ji Shan Buddha. According to types, ancient buildings rank first, followed by ancient ruins, modern and important historical sites and representative buildings, which correspond to different types of characteristic culture. ^[51]

In Shanxi Province, national security units are distributed in a total of 11 prefectures and cities, of which 103 are in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, the largest number of prefecture-level cities, followed by 74 in Changzhi, 72 in Jincheng, 70 in Jinzhong, 54 in Linfen, 39 in Luliang, 38 in Taiyuan, 37 in Xinzhou, 32 in Datong (including one cross-county), 11 in Yangquan, 6 in Shuozhou, and 2 across regions.

Shanxi Province is the province with the largest number of existing ancient buildings in China. The number of intact ancient buildings has reached 1848, and the number of individual ancient buildings may reach more than 300,000. There are 420 Chinese protected units, accounting for about one-fifth of the Chinese national protected units and four-fifths of the total number of national protected units in Shanxi Province. The ancient buildings in Shanxi are not only abundant in quantity, but also incomparable in other provinces. ^[52]

Intangible cultural heritage

By the end of 2022, Shanxi Province had 182 items on the national intangible cultural heritage representative list, 537 items on the provincial intangible cultural heritage representative list, 2,103 items on the municipal intangible cultural heritage representative list, and 5,089 items on the county intangible cultural heritage representative list, and the national, provincial, city and county level list system has basically taken shape. ^[50]

dialect

Used in most areas of Shanxi Province Jin dialect , The south of Shanxi Most area use Zhongyuan mandarin , used in Guangling County Ji Lu Mandarin . Jin dialect It's a bad thing in northern China mandarin Dialect. The most important feature of Jin dialect, which is different from Mandarin, is reservation Entering tone . Most Jin languages have five tones. Jin Tone of voice There is a very complex continuous tone phenomenon. Jin Gu Dull sound Today read stopper, affricate The word for Level tone Not aspirated. Jin language retains many features of ancient Chinese.

Traditional Chinese opera

Shanxi Province is one of the birthplaces of Chinese opera art, known as the "cradle of opera". In the Han Dynasty, there appeared the bud of opera in Shanxi. During the Northern Song Dynasty, various kinds of activities were active in Shanxi Local folk opera -- These local operas are the prototype of Chinese opera; In the Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi became the center of national opera art, and the Yuan stage found in the whole country was basically in Shanxi (South of Shanxi). In the Ming Dynasty, the folk artists in Puzhou of Shanxi, Tongzhou of Shaanxi and Shanzhou of Henan reformed the singing of the northern opera and developed the "Puzhou Clapper Opera". Puzhou Clappers were later combined with local opera in Jinzhong, North Shanxi and southeast Shanxi, and gradually formed Middle Road Clappers, North Road Clappers and Shangdang Clappers. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese opera began to "flower part" (that is, Clapper opera) and "Ya part" (that is, Kunqu opera) competition, Shanxi folk opera wind also prevailed, large towns and villages often invited two operas at the same time to perform, singing "opposite stage". According to the 1980 census, there were 54 kinds of local operas in Shanxi, accounting for one-sixth of more than 300 kinds.

Full-scale drama

Among the local operas in Shanxi Province Full-scale drama "I.e. Shanxi four Clapper operas 's Puzhou opera , Jin opera , North Road Clapper and Shangdang Bangzi Among them, Pu opera, Jin opera, North road Clapper the same root different branches. Clapper opera The music structure is the first "two-sentence style" and "plate cavity" type of drama. Puzhou Opera, also known as Puzhou Clapper Opera, got its name because it originated in Puzhou (now Yongji). It was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. It is the oldest of the four major Clapper operas in Shanxi Province, with more than 1000 plays. Puzhou Bangzi spread to Jinzhong, with the local Yangko (a popular folk dance) and Rap art Fusion, formed Middle road Clapper After the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi, with Jinzhong area With the prosperity of economy, the Middle Clapper Opera became more and more famous and was known as Jin Opera in the world. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the second large-scale immigration made a large number of people in the south of Shanxi moved to the north of Shanxi, the immigrants like to hear the local sound, so that Pu opera in the north of Shanxi gradually spread, affected by the spread of Pu opera, the North Road Clapper; Shangdang Bangzi originated from the ancient Shangdang county Ze, Lu two states, by the Ming and Qing dynasties from the field of Luo Luo drama, roll drama and local drama folk music, from the south of Shanxi, Jinzhong into the Bangzi play.

playlet

Go to the party and get the son and South of Shanxi eyebrow household It's a big play within a small genre. Influenced by religious culture, Shanxi has Taoist sentiment in North Shanxi , Hongdong Taoist sentiment , Taoist drama in Linxian County , Yongji Taoist love drama Such Taoist love drama; Shanxi Yangko dance There are 16 species; " Bowl dialect "The genre is represented by" Quwo bowl cavity "," Xiaoyi bowl cavity "; Other little plays are A popular song-and-dance duet popular in southern China , Little flower play, Fanzhi jumping, Play with children , Fengtai little drama , Toad, live play, acrobatics Hedong line cavity, Shangdang leather spring, etc.

season

Shanxi Province is one of the regions where the festival folk custom first appeared. Chinese history has long followed the Xia calendar, and the Xia calendar is the historical calendar used by the Xia dynasty. The southern part of Shanxi Province is one of the birthplaces of the Xia Dynasty. In the northern part of Shanxi Province, Hu and Han dynasties lived together in a long historical period, forming local characteristics and seasonal folk customs.

Silo festival

To add is to wish the farmer's granary full of grain. Silo festival On the 25th day of the first lunar month every year, the actual meaning is to add things to the granary, hoping to increase production and income that year. To the warehouse festival, Shanxi pay attention to is happy into the hate out: stock to add food, tank to add water, put some coal at the door to the town house; The elderly residents used to buy rice and noodles on the day of Tamcang, to have enough food and clothing throughout the year.

June 6th

At the beginning of June 6, the south of Shanxi is called" Go back to Mother's Day ". Around June 6, the wheat has been harvested and beaten, is in a idle stage of farming, is the perfect period to visit relatives, and the folk have "June 6, go wheat" saying. At the beginning of June 6, it has evolved into a temple fair in many places in Shanxi. ^[5]

Temple fair

Taiyuan Temple Fair

Shanxi people pass Temple fair On the commercial transactions, the surplus agricultural products will be sold, in exchange for their own can not produce items such as farm tools, but also participate in the gong and drum, Yangko, car and boat sedan, pavilion stilts, lights and other folk fire art performances. Shanxi folk ancient temple fair representative: Taiyuan Zoo temple fair; Jin Temple Fair; April 8th "Oil cake meeting" in Xiangning County; Hongdong Guangsheng March 18 ancient temple fair; Ruicheng County March three ancient temple fair.

ART

ART
Shanxi gongs and drums	There are dozens of drum varieties in Shanxi Province, among which the representative is Shanxi style gongs and drums . Prestige gongs and drums are popular folk square art in Huozhou, Hongdong, Fenxi and Linfen, characterized by "prestige" : from the configuration of the gongs and drums to the organization of the playing team, performance and dress, they are showing prestige. Emperor Gaozu of Tang The second year of Wude (619), Li Shimin In the Huozhou War Liu Wuzhou department, beat the drum to fight, ringing the gongs and winning, so spread the prestige of the gongs and drums.	Shanxi style gongs and drums
paper-cut	"Guangling window cut" is famous for its realistic shape and exquisite carving. The raw material is a single white rice paper, and the tools are several knives of different sizes with oblique blades. First cut out the paper cut with a knife, and then dye. Folk artisans pay great attention to the cutting and coloring techniques, and adopt the method of engraving mainly and Yang engraving as a supplement to produce finished products. Color with a good white wine color, adjust the darker color can add a small amount of alum.	Guangling paper-cut
Dough modelling	The folk dough sculptures in Shanxi Province are mainly sacrifices and prayers to heaven, earth and God, which are the embodiment of life ideal. Dough sculpture in the shape of consciousness, most of them are abstract, faith, ideal. Offering heaven and earth is called jujube mountain, offering to the kitchen God is called rice mountain, flower cake, the shape is larger, that is, the rice into the mountain. ^[6]	Shanxi folk dough sculptures
High fire	High fire It is a custom in the northern part of Shanxi Province. Every New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival, every family in front of the courtyard will use large pieces of coal to form a tower, called the high fire, in order to be auspicious. Put wood inside, put a red note on the outside, write on the word "Wang Qi sky" and so on. Just wait until midnight, when the firecrackers sing in unison, the fire will be lit.	-
Kang paintings	The form of kang enclosure painting constitutes a set of fixed procedures. The above and lower two groups of side roads are arranged in accordance with certain specifications to form their main frame, and the middle is arranged with various painting blanks. It not only has a complete and symmetrical decorative form, but also has the expression connotation of simple and complex contrast. The kang part is its main body, and the pot table painting, stove painting and wall painting are its extension parts.	-

religion

There are in Shanxi Province Buddhism , Taoism , Islam , Catholicism , Christianity There are five religious groups with about 1.85 million believers. The province has 6,386 certified and registered religious personnel, 2,844 places for religious activities, and 221 religious groups at all levels. ^[4]

Buddhism

Buddhism was introduced into Shanxi during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Buddhism prevailed in Shanxi during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. According to the records in the Book of Wei · Shi Lao Zhi, the Taiwu Emperor of Northern Wei would believe in Buddhism after he destroyed the Northern Liang A surname The migration of 30,000 clans and officials to Pingcheng (modern Datong) had a paralyzing effect because the Xianbei people needed to appease the Han people after the establishment of the Central Plains Buddhism It flourished in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the peak period of the development of Buddhism in Shanxi. Various Buddhist sects came to Shanxi one after another to establish their bases, and the social status of Buddhism in Shanxi centered on Mount Wutai was getting higher and higher.

Taoism

Yongle Palace

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism was basically formed in Shanxi, and Taoist temples and temples were built in a few places. "Qingliangshan Annals" records: there are Taoist priests in Wutai Mountain during the Yongping years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Taoism calls Wutai Mountain Purple House Mountain, which has built purple House Temple. The Southern and Northern Dynasties is an important historical period for the development of Taoism in Shanxi. Shanxi under the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty is the source and activity center of the North Tianshi Road, and Taoism in Shanxi has entered the first historical peak. The rulers of Tang Dynasty wanted to borrow Lao Tzu Li Dan to consolidate their ruling position, and Taoism in Shanxi entered another period of historical prosperity. The Qing Dynasty respected the Buddha and suppressed the Tao, and all Taoist schools stagnated.

Cultural village

As of March 2016, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage have jointly announced six batches of Chinese historical and cultural famous towns and villages, and a total of 8 towns and 32 villages in Shanxi Province have been listed. ^[7]

Shanxi Province Chinese historical and cultural famous towns and villages at a glance
lot	category	Village name
First batch	Famous town	Jingsheng Town (Lingshi County)	-	-
First batch	Namura	Sai Wan village (Qikou Town, Linxian County)	-	-
Second batch	Famous town	Qikou town (Linxian County)	-	-
Second batch	Namura	Imperial City Village (Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County)	Zhangbi Village (Longfeng Town, Jiexiu City)	West Wenxing Village (Tuwo Township, Qinshui County)
The third batch	Famous town	Fen Cheng Town (Xiangfen County)	Niangziguan Town (Pingding County)	-
	Namura	Liang Village (Yuebi Township, Pingyao County)	Ryoto (Yuancun Township, Gaoping City)	Guo Yu Village (Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County)
	Namura	Xiaohe Village (Yijing Town, Yangquan Suburb)	-	-
Fourth batch	Famous town	Dayang Town (Zezhou County)	-	-
	Namura	Shijiagou Village (Shengnian Town, Fenxi County)	Li Jiashan Village (Qikou Town, Linxian County)	Summer Villa (Xiamen Town, Lingshi County)
	Namura	Douzhuang Village (Jiafeng Town, Qinshui County)	Shangzhuang Village (Runcheng Town, Yangcheng County)	-
The fifth batch	Famous town	The town of New Pinburg (Tianzhen County)	Runcheng Town (Yangcheng County)	-
	Namura	Diantou village (Jinyuan Street, Jinyuan District, Taiyuan)	Dayangquan Village (Yijing Town, Yangquan Suburb)	West Huangshi Village (Beiyi Town, Zezhou County)
		Suzhuang Village (Hexi Town, Gaoping City)	Xiangyu Village (Zhencun Town, Qinshui County)	Wanghuagou Village (Chenshan Township, Ningwu County)
		Beiguang Village (Beiguang Town, Taigu District, Jinzhong)	Lengquan Village (Liangdu Town, Lingshi County)	Yanjing Village (Gaocun Township, Wanrong County)
		Hikaramura (Zezhang Town, Jiangxian County, China)	-	-
The sixth batch	Famous town	Zhoucun Town (Zezhou County)	-	-
	Namura	Ding Village (New town of Xiangfen County)	Guobi Village (Jiafeng Town, Qinshui County)	Dazhou village (Ma Cun Town, Gaoping City)
		Parking village (Jinmiaopu Town, Zezhou County)	Yedi village (Nancun Town, Zezhou County)	Auge Village (Yanggao Township, Pingshun County)
		Gu Love Village (Jialing Town, Qi County)	Bofang Village (Sizhuang Town, Gaoping City)	Tuncheng Village (Runcheng Town, Yangcheng County)

Scenic spot

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Shanxi is known as the "Museum of Ancient Chinese Architecture and Art", and the well-preserved ancient ground buildings before the Song and Jin dynasties account for more than 70% of China. By the end of 2013, Shanxi Province existed National key cultural relics protection units 452 places. Xinzhou Mount Wutai It is one of the four Buddhist holy places; Datong Yungang Grottoes It is one of the three Buddhist grottoes; Datong The northern mountain Hengshan It is one of the five sacred mountains in China. Xuankong Temple is the only remaining "Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism" three temples; Jinzhong Pingyao Ancient city It is one of three existing ancient cities; Yuncheng Jiezhou Guandi Temple It is the largest martial arts temple. The palace of the Prime Minister , Qiao family compound , Canal home compound , The Royal Family compound , The Li family compound , Taigu Sanduotang , Changjia Manor , Shen Family compound , Mengmen ancient town , Former residence of Kong Xiangxi They are representatives of folk houses in Shanxi. ^[9]

Main tourist attractions/attractions in Shanxi Province
category	Roll call
World cultural heritage	Pingyao Ancient city , Yungang Grottoes , Mount Wutai , The Great Wall (Shansi Section)
Preliminary list of World Heritage Sites	Xinghua village Fenjiu workshop , Ying County wooden tower , Guan Sheng cultural complex , Ding village folk houses , The northern mountain Hengshan (Wuyue Expansion Project)
National 5A tourist attraction	Pingyao Ancient city , Mount Wutai , Yungang Grottoes , The palace of the Prime Minister , Jixiu mian mountain , Yanmen Pass , Big locust tree in Hongdong , Palquan Gorge
National nature reserve	Lishan Mountain , Pangquangou , Luya Mountain , Python River , Wulu Mountain , Taihang Grand Canyon
National scenic spot	Mount Wutai , Hengshan Mountain , Hukou Waterfall , North Wudang Mountain , Five old peaks Moraine inlet ^[10]
National geopark	Yellow River Hukou Waterfall national Geopark , Huguan Taihang Grand Canyon National geopark, The Yu Society Paleontological Fossil National Geopark, Yonghe Yellow River Snake-qu National Geopark, Tianji Mountain National geopark, Datong volcano Group National geopark
National wetland park	Ancient City National Wetland Park (Yuanqu County), Changyuan River National Wetland Park (Qi County), Shuanglonghu National Wetland Park (Xiangfen County), Wenyuhe National Wetland Park (Wenshui County), Jiexiu Fenhe National Wetland Park (Jiexiu City), Qianquanhu National Wetland Park (Qin County), Shenxi National Wetland Park (Hunyuan County), Qinheyuan National Wetland Park
National forest park	Wutaishan National Forest Park , Tianlongshan National Forest Park , Guandi Mountain National Forest Park , Guancen Mountain National Forest Park , Hengshan National Forest Park , Yungang National Forest Park , Longquan National Forest Park , Yuwangdong National Forest Park , Zhao Gao Guan National Forest Park , Fangshan National Forest Park , Jiaochengshan National Forest Park , Taiyue Mountain National Forest Park , Wulaofeng National Forest Park , Laoding Mountain National Forest Park , Wujinshan National Forest Park , Zhongtiao Mountain National Forest Park , Taihang Canyon National Forest Park , Huangyadong National Forest Park , Chishan National forest park ^[11-12]
Red scenic spot	The former headquarters of the Eighth Route Army , Huangya Cave , Liu Hulan Memorial Hall , Taihang Memorial of the Eighth Route Army , Pingxingguan Victory Memorial Hall , Hundred regiments War headquarters brick wall site , Machen Eighth Route Army headquarters memorial Hall , Zuo Quan General martyr cemetery , Anti-japanese military and political University general school Panlong site , Miyukou mass grave Etc. ^[13]
pass	Patio close , Niangzi Pass , Muang Mun Guan , Yanmen Pass , Cut the jaws of a tiger , Golden Lock Pass, Fenglingdu , Pingxingguan , off-balance

Local specialty

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city	Famous and excellent specialty products
Taiyuan	Mature vinegar , Qingxu grape , Jinci rice , Jade carving in Taiyuan Etc.
Datong	Datong yellow flower , Hengshan Astragalus , Datong art porcelain , Datong bronze ware , Yungang silk people , Guangling dried bean curd , Yang Gao apricot breast Etc.
Shuozhou	Dragon walking stick, Hu oil , Yingxian purple skin garlic Etc.
Xinzhou	Tai inkstone , Daixian pepper , Duan Mu Yan , Formosa , Baode oil date , Fanzhi Astragalus , Hequ red fruit , Tongchuan pear , Yuan Ping pear , Shujin powder
Yangquan	Levelling sand cargo , Coal carving , Walnut oil , Worker's drawing Etc.
Lv Liang	Fenjiu , Bamboo leaf green , The glass cracks. , Mengmen mulberry paper , Fenzhou walnut , Willow tree jujube , sea-buckthorn , Pear date , jujube Etc.
Jinzhong	Guilingji , Bolus pacificus , Pingyao push lacquer ware Etc.
Linfen	Hongdong Turtle , Shadow puppet Tai inkstone , Xixian County Kanashi Etc.
Changzhi	codonopsis , Qinzhou yellow millet , Dui brocade Etc.
Yuncheng	Ji Shan plate date , Pinglu lily , Puzhou green persimmon Bronze statue of Guan Gong in Jiezhou, Jiangzhou Chengni inkstone , Smell the hamburger Etc.
Jincheng	Jincheng red fruit , Gaoping silk , Lingchuan Party ginseng , Zezhou sweet persimmon , Bagong green onion , Zezhou red , Taihangia Etc.

Special diet

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city	Gourmet snacks
Taiyuan	Taiyuan Mind , Qingxu enema Ancient oil surface son, Yang Qu Folded cake troublesome Zitui steamed cake Etc.
Datong	Ling Qiu yellow pancake , Big brother with eight pieces , Datong yellow cake , Hun Yuan cold powder Yanggao sheep soup, Tianzhen bean skin, Guangling donkey meat and so on
Shuozhou	The shade of a mountain Stuffed with frozen rabbit , Ying County cold noodles , Yu Yu mutton , Huai Ren Huang cake, Beef loin in the state Etc.
Xinzhou	Steamed meat in a dumpling
Yangquan	The sun springs float and curl , pacify Fried fried pork , Yuxian County Oat noodles 栲栳栳 Etc.
Lv Liang	Bowl ball Etc. ^[8]
Jinzhong	Pingyao beef , Taigu cake Etc.
Linfen	Jinnan glutinous rice wine Drum tower Haggis cut , Beef meatball noodles Etc.
Changzhi	Changzhi preserved donkey meat , Fried cake with eldest son , station and stay Pan-fried bun Huguan saliva pig liver, Lu Cheng Donkey meat cake Xiangyuan mixed soup dumplings, Wuxiang date cake Etc.
Yuncheng	Wen Xi cooked the cake , Yellow River carp , Mutton carrot Etc.
Jincheng	Zezhou Dinner noodles A surname Hele pears , Yangcheng Miscellaneous cutting , Lingchuan Face sheep , Yangcheng meat pot meat Etc.

Famous person

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Ancient times

period	character
prehistoric	Pu Yi (Yao Shi), yao , shun , yu
The pre-Qin period	dustpan , Fu Shuo , A surname , Duke Wu of Jin , Xun's breath , Chong 'er ( Duke Wen of Jin ), Fox process , A surname , Jie Zitui , A surname , Zhao Dun , Dong Hu , Cheng Ying , Han Jue , Wei Jiang ( Wei Zhuangzi ), A surname , Large lamb's tongue , Dong Anyu , Yin Duo , Zhao Yang , Zhibo , Yurang , Zhao Wuxi , Yi Dun , Corpse body , Lin Xiangru , Xun's condition ( Xunzi ), Zhao Yong , Li Bing
The Two Han and three States	Zhi Du , Wei Wan , Wei Qing , Huo Qubing , Huo Guang , Ban Jieyu , Temperature series , Guo Tai , Guo Da , Wei Yue , Wang Lie , Guan Yu , Zhang Liao , Jia Kui , Le Xiang , Wang Chang , Wang Shen , Pei Xiu, Diao cicada , Xu Huang
The two Jin dynasties	Jia Chong , Sun Chu , Wang Hun , Wang Ji , Bae 頠 , canang , Guo Pu , Deng You , Wenqiao (a county in Henan Province) , Lu Sheng , weissong ( Mrs. Wei ), Sun Sheng , Sun Choo , Guo Chengzhi , Hui Yuan , Faxian , Liu Yuan , Liu Cong , Liu Yao , Schiller , Shi Hu , Murong Yong , Wei Jie
The Northern and Southern Dynasties	Zhou Yanzhi , Bae Songzhi , Wang Xuanmo , Houn Pei , A surname , Bae Ziye , Wang Shengbian , Tuoba GUI , Tuoba Tao , Tuoba Hong , Wang Huilong , Wang Zunye , Er Jurong , Hebatyue , Tanran , delighted , Gao Yang , 斛律光 , Wang Jun , Pei Rangzhi , Tang Yong , Duguxin
Sui and Tang dynasties	Xue Daoheng , Wang Tong , Xue Shixiong , Xue Ju , Pei Yun , Pei Zhen , Liu Wuzhou , Wang Shao , Pei Jiao , refined , Wang GUI , Bae Shiqing , Samurai 彟 , Wang Ji , Yuchi Gong , Wang Fangyi , Wang Bo , peduncle , Bae Haengjian , Xue Rengui , Pei Yan , Wu Chengji , Di Renjie , Empress Wu Zetian , Wu Sansi , Song Zhiwen , Xue Ji , Xue Yao , Schene , Zhang Shougui , Wang Zhihuan , Bae Yao-kyung , Wang Han , Wang Fu , Feng Changqing , Wang Wei , Wang Changling , Song Xue , Wang Jin , Lulan , Luwin , Liu Zongyuan , Bai Juyi , A surname , Wang Bo , Wang Am , petu , Zhang Yanyuan , Lv Dongbin , Liu Mian , Wen Tingjun , Tang Yanqian , Siguntu , Zhang Kuo-lao , Yang Yuhuan
The Five Dynasties	Li Keyong , Li Cunxiao , Jing Hao , Guo Chongtao , Li Cunxu , Yasuyoshi , Li Siyuan , Shi Kuanghan , Shi Jingtang , Wuzhang County , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Chong , Liu Chengjun , Li Jun
Song and Liao Dynasties	Sima Guang , Wang Quanbin , Dang Jin , Wang Pu , Torture harpus , Yang Ye , Liu Jiyuan , Huyanzan , Bisan , Wen Yanbo , Guo Ruoxu , Yang Yanzhao , Yang Wenguang , Gauckmin , Di Qing , Sun Fu , Liu Xisu , Sima Chi , Sima Kang , Wang Juzheng , Wang Numerous , Wang Yan , Ma Yuan , bleak , Zhao Ding , Yang Cunzhong
Gold dollar	Xu Zhiguo , Hao Tianting , A surname , Gao Ruzhi , Yang Yunyi , Outmoded conventions , Rayouin , Sun Wei , Song Defang, Liu Qi , Liu Yu , Yuanhao Question , Duan Keji , Duan Chengji , Jute leather , Lee Junmin , Zhang Dehui , Hao Jing , Xue Jingshi , Xu Guozhen , Huh 扆 , Guan Hanqing , Yao Tianfu , A surname , Magnolia officinalis , Pu Guang , Gao Kegong , Chahan , Tongforgive , Liu Zhi , Georgie , Garou , Lv Sicheng , Satu thorn
Ming Dynasty	Gao Wei , Hou Jin , Luo Guanzhong , unwound , Solution consistency , Xue Xuan , Chang Lun , Chen Qing , Qiao Yu , Wang Qiong , Li Han , periða , Ren ring , Yang Bo , Kong Tianyin , Wang Chonggu , Zhang Siwei , Wang Guoguang , A surname , Wang Jiaping , Zhang Yangmeng , Magui , Zhang Quan , Cao Yubian , Zhang Fengyi , Sun Chuanting , Han 爌 , Bao Chengxian , Zhang Xinyan , Stevi
Qing Dynasty	Bai Yinqian , Jia Hanfu , Cheng Kangzhuang , Zhu Zhijun , Fu Shan , Chang Dazhong , Yu Chenglong , Yu Junn , Dayting 栻 , Yan Ruoqing , Wu Wen , Oh 琠 , Zhang Taijiao , Fan 鄗 Ding , Chen Tingjing , Tanonori , Li Yuxiu , Tenf pef , Liu Zhang , appoint , Sun Jiagan , Song Tingkui , Xu Kun , Zhang Peifang , conkidine , Qi Yunshi , Li Luanxuan , Zhang Dunren , Cao Shun , Yumi Li , Qigon , Tong Nian , Zhang Mu , Qi Shichang , Yang Shangwen , Xu Jishi , Qiao Songnian , Fan Shouyi

Modern times

sort	character
revolutionist	Gao Junyu , perfantin , He Chang , Bo Yibo , Peng Zhen , Fu Zuoyi , Hua Guofeng , Li Xuefeng , Ji Chaozhu , Ji Dengkui , Ji Pengfei , Cheng Zihua , 柴泽民 , Chang Zhiqing
Founding general	Marshal: Xu Xiangqian ; Admiral: Zhao Erlu , Dong Qiwu ; Lieutenant General: Chang Qiankun ; Major General: Wang Xiao , Wang Zhan , Wang Lanlin , Wang Qingsheng , Che Minyan , Niu Wise , Shi Jinqian , Shi Jingban , White cloud , Lv Yishan , Liu Su , Liu Ren , Liu Jinghai , Xu Zhifen , Li Wenyi , Li Maozhi , Yang Wenan , Wu Xiaomin , Gu Jingsheng , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Zizhen , Zhang Ziming , Zhang Zhongru , Zhang Wenzhou , Zhang Shizhen , Zhang Tingzhen , Zhang Yingming , Zhang Zhuguo , Zhang Zizhen , Zhang Xiankui , Fan Fushan , Hu Shangli , Hu Ronggui , Zhufyi , Duan Shikai , Chai Qikun , Gaudesi , Yan Jiesan , Liang Zhongyu , Wisdom cell , Xue Kezhong , He Ming, Feng Zi
general	Fu Quanyou , Xu Xiaoyan , Zhang Gong , Zhang Zhijian , Pei Hualiang , Xing Yongning , Xu Chunyang , Wang Zuoyi , Zhang Qinsheng , Wang Jitang , Li Maifu , Wang Wei, Liu Yahong , Wang Jilian , Huo Ling , Zhang Xueyi, Shiro
Political circles	Ren Jianxin , Liu Yunshan , Wang Qishan , Li Yizhong , Hu Fuc Quoc , Li Ligong , Linghu An , Wang Jun , Liu Jing , Wang Yunlong , Zhao Qinping , Gao Hucheng , Jiao Huancheng , William hosslam , trepidine , Wang Wanbin , Zheng Weiping , Wang Xinxian , Shi Taifeng ^[14] , Yin Hejun , Wang Weizhong , Ma Xiaowei ^[35] , Hu Yuting ^{[38 and 39]}
Social sciences	Fan Shoushan , Stupid ox , Chih-kung Jen , Li Jinghai , Mahon , Hu Naiwu , Li Fanggui , Zhang Gaoli ^[15] , Zhang Cuiping ^[16]
Model worker	Lee Soon-da, Guo Fenglian , Chen Yonggui , Shenjilang , Chen Buliang , Li Shuangliang , Song Liying , Che Ankui
Painting and calligraphy	Ma Wenwei , Dong Shouping , Ma Quan , Li Qi , Force group , Wang Chaorui , Yao Tianmu, Cheng Zhaoxing , Ren Lisheng
WRITER	Zhao Shuli , Chai Yong , Shi Pingmei , Ma Feng , Xirong County , Li Jianwu , Hu Zheng , Zhao Yu , Zhang Ping, ZHAO Bingyu, Zheng Yuanjie , Zhang Xingjian , Han Suk-san , Tang Dynasty , Li Rui, Bell rising , Cao Naiqian , Gong Liu, Dian , Wang Hanxing , Chen Peng , Jiang Yun , Liang Heng , Liu Cixin
director	Jia Zhangke , Zhang Jigang , Niu Zhaoyang , Ning Hao , Zhang Yongshou , picrosan , Wang Yi , Yu Shui , Hao Yun , Wang Weiniang
ACTORS	Zhao Ziyue , Zhang Yongshou , Xing Jiadong , Cheng Taishen , Zhang Aijia , Choi 倓 , Nie Xin Zhang Yan Shi Yao , He Gang , Jia Yumeng , Zhou Qiqi , Bian Xiaoxiao , Zhao Tao , Gao Ziqi , Wang Luyun , Qi Fang , Yuan Jun , Zhao Wenhao , Meng Yao , Han Xiao , Gao Ren , Wang Heming
MUSICIANS	Zhang Yadong , Guo Feng , Wang Huiqiang
sing	Guo Lanying , Ma Yutao , Guan Guimin, Nie Jianhua , Yu Shuqin , Shan Xiurong , Yan Weiwen , Tan Jing , Lu Xiumei, Niu Baolin , Shaanxi Army , Cheng Yuan, Po , Xin Lishheng , Gao Paoli , Shi Zhanming , Wang Rong , Zhao Yan, Zhang Lin , Du Zhiwen, Wang Xinping, Tao Yanqing , Choi 倓 , Wang Yunyi
Traditional Chinese opera	Dingguo fairy , Niu Guiying , Guo Lanying , Wang Aiai , Tian Guilan , Guo Fengying , Cheng Yuying , Hua Yanjun , Ma Yulou , Zhang Mingqin , Song Zuhuan , Guo Caiping , Zhang Aizhen , Wu Guohua, Zhang Baoping, Guo Minge , Fu Yongliang, Chen Suqin , Zhang Zhiming, Guo Xiaoming , Du Yumei Li Aimei
The sporting world	Zhou Xiaolan, Jiang Zhujiu Song Ligang, Zhang Jinsong Wang Tao, Xi Enting, Yuan Xiaochao, Zhao Yan
IT	Robin Li , Zhang Yaqin , Jia Yueting , Of many years , Shi Lirong , Huang Zhihua , Liu Wenbin , Li Yuebin, Feng Xin , Liu Xingliang
medium	Xing Qibin , Chai Jing , Ren Zhihong , Li Wenjing , Sister moon , Vicki Wei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Tengyue, firm , Yu Fei , Shi Qiang , Guo Tao , Ren Yuxiang , Liu Xingyu , Miao Kai , Zhang Shixuan
Commercial circles	Sun Hongbin , Chen Feng , Qin Xiao , Sun Yulin Hao Hongfeng
Scientific community	Yin Hejun , Zhang Jie , Shekchan , Zhao Qinping , Guanqiao , Kwak Seung Ki , Peng Kunchi, Miao Jianming , Yang Jinlong , Li Xiaoying, Jing Haipeng , Liu Wang ^[31]
other	Kong Xiangxi , Yan Xishan , Cheng Zhiqiang , Jing Haipeng , Liu Wang , Chen Baoguo, Wang Fu

Honorary title

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Title	city
National historical and cultural city	Datong City, Pingyao County, Qi County, Xinjiang County, Dai County, Taiyuan City
China's excellent tourist city	Taiyuan City, Datong City, Yongji City, Jincheng, Changzhi City
National double support model city	Taiyuan City, Datong City, Jinzhong City, Xinzhou City, Changzhi City, Houma City, Yongji City, Jincheng City, Yuncheng
National forest city	Changzhi City, Jincheng
National garden city	Changzhi City, Jincheng City, Taiyuan City, Lu City (now Changzhi City Lucheng district), Houma City, Yangquan City, Xiaoyi City, Jiexiu City, Datong City, Shuozhou City, Yongji City
National garden county	Huguan County, Huairen County (now Huairen City), Wuxiang County, Xiangyuan County, Tunliu County (now Tunliu District of Changzhi City), Pingshun County, Licheng County, eldest son County, Lingshi County, Guxian County, Qinyuan County, Yangcheng County, Zuoquan County, Xiyang County, Hongdong County, Ying County, Jingle County
National garden town	Yangcheng county Peiliu town Yangcheng County Runcheng Town Fenyang City Jiajiazhuang Town Pingding County Niangziguan Town Zezhou County Bagong Town
National health city	Changzhi City, Jincheng City, Lu City (now Changzhi City Lucheng district), Xiaoyi City, Jiexiu City, Yuanping City, Houma City, Xinzhou City
National civilized city	Changzhi and Xiaoyi ^[17]
International Garden City	Jincheng
Top 10 charming cities in China	Yuncheng City ^[18]
Charming cities in China	Changzhi City
Charming city with Chinese characteristics	Taiyuan, Datong, Jinzhong, Xinzhou City, Yuncheng City, Changzhi City, Linfen City, Jincheng City
The hometown of Chinese folk culture and art (2014-2016)	Xiyan Township, Jianchao District, Taiyuan City Taiyuan gong and drum ), Licheng County ( Li Hou Tiger ), Changzhi Shangdang District ( Lu 'an Big Drum ), Eldest Prefecture ( Drumbeat of the eldest son , eldest son eight Yin Association), Huairen City (Wanghuo custom), Dingxiang County ( Dingxiang dough sculpture ), Hara Hira City ( Kang paintings ), Fenyang City ( Earth Yangko ), Zhongyang County ( Zhongyang paper-cut ), Zuoquan County ( Zuoquan folk song , Xiaohua Opera), Fenxi County ( Gongs and drums ), Huozhou City ( Gongs and drums ) ^[19]
National culture advanced counties, cities, and districts	Zezhou County, Linyi County, Pingding County, Yuncheng Yanhu District, Jinzhong City Yuci District, Xiaoyi City, Qingxu County, Yangcheng County, Jiexiu City, Qinyuan County, Taiyuan Xiaodian District, Xinjiang County, Xiangyuan County, Fenyang City, Changzhi City Shangtang District, Changzhi City Tunliu District, Hongdong County, Yuanping City, eldest son County ^[20]
Advanced province (city) award of unpaid blood donation	On December 25, 2020, Shanxi Province and Taiyuan City, Datong City, Xinzhou City, Changzhi City, Jincheng City, Shuozhou City, Yuncheng City, Linfen City, Luliang City, Yangquan City and Jinzhong City were awarded the "Advanced Province (city) Award of Unpaid Blood Donation" by the National Health Commission. ^[21]

External communication

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List of international sister cities in Shanxi Province
Sister city	Time of conclusion	Sister city	Time of conclusion
Linfen City - Australia City of Jerton	October 08, 2015	Shanxi Province - America West Virginia	May 2006
Changzhi City - Korea Gwangju Metropolitan City	December 17, 2014	Shuozhou City - USA Pomona The city	June 2012
Luliang City - France The city of Semil Onnoxsuva	June 07, 2013	Taiyuan City - Ukraine Donetsk The city	August 25th, 2012
Yuncheng - Marmande, France	September 13, 2012	Taiyuan City - France Saint-Denis The city	August 13, 2010
Jinzhong City - Laos Luang Prabang The city	February 2012	Shanxi Province - Romania Muresh County	23 July 2000
Shanxi Province - Japan Saitama	October 1982	Shanxi Province - Uruguay Canelones province	November 12, 1992
Shanxi Province - Italy The Abruzzo Region	September 16, 1992	Shanxi Province - Britain Derbyshire	April 4th, 1987
Taiyuan City - Russia Saratov The city	December 08, 1995	Shanxi Province - USA Tennessee	December 24, 1986
Taiyuan City - Germany Chemnitz The city	17 May 1999	Shanxi Province - USA Idaho	October 28, 1985
Taiyuan City - Cameroon Douala The city	October 12, 1999	Taiyuan City - USA City of Nashville	18 April 2007
Taiyuan City - Russia Syktevkar The city	September 1st, 1994	Taiyuan - Australia Launceston The city	28 November 1995
Pingyao County - Jinrowan City, France	September 15, 2005	Yangquan City - USA Mount Vernon The city	September 16, 1995
Changzhi City - NZ Upper Hart The city	November 05, 2005	Jinzhong City - Valssitzenheim City	July 15, 2008
Yangquan City - Chesterfield City, UK	September 24, 1987	Changzhi City - Breye City, France	22 June 1994
Jinzhong City - Hungary Sornok The city	September 10, 2009	Datong City - United Kingdom Bailey City	August 06, 2003
Changzhi City - Mar City, Germany	October 04, 1993	Datong City - Japan Omuta City	October 16, 1981
Changzhi City - USA Reading	July 27, 1992	Taiyuan City - United Kingdom City of Newcastle	April 15, 1985
Shanxi Province - Hungary The state of Solnok	November 25, 2007	Jincheng City - Rome	November 07, 2008
Taiyuan - Japan Himeji	May 19, 1987	Yaodu District, Linfen City - Chichibu	October 07, 1988
Shanxi Province - Russia Ulyanovsk Oblast	July 2001	Jincheng - Kakadu City	August 10, 2008
Transport city Salt Lake - Italy The city of Lanciano	September 20, 1995	Jinzhong City - Vietnam Hoi An The city	September 10, 2010

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