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Knut Hamsun

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Norwegian writer and Nobel Prize winner

Knut Hamsun Knut Hamsun, 4 August 1859 -19 February 1952 ), Norwegian writer, 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature The winner. His main works include "Raising a Glass to the Youth of Life" and "Raising a Glass to the Youth of Life". Growth of the earth "The Mysterious Man", "Hunger", "In the Overgrown path" and so on. He espoused the philosophy of the German philosopher Nietzsche. He was praised in the major newspapers Hitler The act of aggression article. Germany This practice continued after the invasion of Norway. In 1946, he was placed under house arrest Oslo An old people's home, where he died in 1952. Still, that doesn't take away from Hamsun's achievements. Today, Norwegians have learned to view Hamsun in two ways: criticizing his political views and honoring his literary legacy.

Chinese name: Knut Hamsun
Foreign name: Knut Hamsun
alias: Knut Petersen
nationality: Norse
Date of birth: August 4th, 1859

Date of death: February 19, 1952
occupation: WRITER
Major achievement: The year 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature
Place of Birth: Norse Carmou
Representative works: "The Mysterious Man," "The Hunger," In the overgrown path "

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5Personal anecdote

Character experience

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EDITOR

Knut Hamsun and his wife

Knut Hamsun, Norway novelist , drama Home and poet. Knut Hamsun was born on August 4, 1859 Voga Nuur Born into a peasant family in the remote West Bank village of Jarmo, he had a remote childhood The Lofoton Islands No formal education. At the age of 15, he began to make a living on his own, and at the same time began to write, and for more than a decade, he struggled to survive by doing odd jobs.

During this time, he came into contact with American writers Mark Twain The works of others, and according to their deep feelings, were published in 1889 The Spiritual Life of Modern America A book. His first indulgence Mark Twain The sense of humor that came from there made a biting mockery of the so-called "American way of life." He made his literary debut in 1890 with his novel Hunger. The lyrical style of the work had a great influence on some European writers. Hamsun gained a great reputation in the Norwegian literary world. Since then, he has published a series of works, including The Mystery (1892), The Shepherd's House (1894), Victoria (1898), and the Shepherd's House. Growth of the earth (A translation of the Pioneers, 1917).

Adolf Hitler Seized power in Germany and began a terrible clamor for war. from World War I and Weimar Republic From the time of the Empire, Hamsun had always had a good feeling for the Germans, and at this time he maintained his sympathy for Germany. After the Germans invaded Norway in 1940, the painful years really began. With his patriotic, Norwegian eyes, Hamsun finally realized that he was on the wrong side of this life-and-death struggle. ^[1]

Knut Hamsun

When Norway was liberated in 1945, Hamsun's reputation fell into disrepute. He was forced to undergo a rigorous psychiatric examination, in which the psychiatrist concluded that "he has permanently lost normal mental function." In later court proceedings, he was ordered to pay the Norwegian government a sum sufficient to bankrupt him for the moral support he had received from the German aggressor regime. His future looks bleak. For example, where will his future income come from? From the point of view of his situation, even his most important wealth, the author's copyright, would be zero in this case. During and after World War II, many Norwegians who could persuade Hamsun urged him to start over anonymously. However, it was impossible to silence Knut Hamsun. His need to express himself, his desire to write, was overwhelming. His talent continued unabated, as evidenced in On the Crooked Path (1949). In the last book of his life, Hamsun fought back against the attorney general and the psychiatrists for their treatment of him. In addition to this, his work also exudes a kind of helpless pessimism. The past and the new are all presented to this incessant writer: "One, two, three, four - so I sit down and write it down, and write a little something for myself." No purpose. It's just an old habit. I can't stop writing the silent words - I am a leaky halter, one drop, two drops, three drops, four drops." ^[1]

He died overnight on February 19, 1952 Grimmstad nearby Norholm Manor He was ninety-two and a half years old.

Chronology of works

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1877 Den Gaadefulde. En kjæ rlighedshistorie fra Nordland

1878 Et Gjensyn

1878 Bjø rger

1889 Lars Oftedal. Udkast

1889 The Spiritual Life of Modern America

1890 "Hunger"

1892 Mysterier

1893 Redaktø r Lynge

1893 Shallow Soil

1894 Pan Pan

1895 At the Gate of the Kingdom

1896 The Game of Life

1897 Siesta

1898 Aftenrø de. Slutningspil

1898 Victoria

1902 Munken Vendt. Brigantines saga I

1903 In Wonderland

1903 Dronning Tamara

1903 Kratskog

1904 The Wild Choir

1904 Dreamers

1905 Stridende Liv. Skildringer fra Vesten og Ø sten

1906 Under the Autumn Star

1908 Benoni Benoni

1908 Rosa: Af Student Parelius' Papirer Rosa

1909 A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings

1909 En Vandrer spiller med Sordin

1910 In the Grip of Life

1912 The Last Joy

1913 Children of the Age

1915 Segelfoss Town(Vol. 1)

1915 Segelfoss Town(Volume 2)

1917 "Growth of the Soil"

1917 Markens Grø de 2

1918 Sproget i Fare

1920 The Women at the Pump

1920 Konerne ved Vandposten II

1923 The Last Chapter(Volume 1)

1923 The Last Chapter(Volume 2)

1927 Wayfarers

1927 Landstrykere II

1930 August I August(Volume 1)

1930 August II August(Volume 2)

1933 The Road Leads On(Volume 1)

1933 The Road Leads On(Vol. 2)

1936 The Ring is Closed

1949 "On Overgrown Paths"

Writing style

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Nature first

Hamsun is against new romanticism One of the authors who advocated extreme naturalism and advocated psychological literature. In his book Hunger, which "ushered in a new era for Scandinavian literature", he wrote brilliantly about subconscious impulses and vague, irrational emotions. novel Growth of the earth Hamsun is a masterpiece of his mature period, marking the peak of his trauma.

Awarded in 1920 "for his landmark work The Growth of the Earth" Nobel Prize in Literature .

Hamsun's philosophy is deeply rooted in Nietzsche's Extreme individualism The influence advocated a return to nature and opposed modern European civilization. In... Growth of the earth In the book, the author praises nature and labor, but also reflects the conservative concept of self-sufficiency of small peasant economy.

Hamsun's old age was not glorious, for he was in World War II Hour support Nazi After the war, he was convicted of treason by the Norwegian government and later released due to illness. In the old people's home, he lived the rest of his life in humility and degradation.

Mission first

Knut Hamsun and his wife

One might ask: Is there a dominant force in his life that transforms those individual experiences into meaningful wholes? Some commentators have attempted to attribute Hamsun's long life to Nazi A short period of time when he thought it would answer the mystery of Hamsun's life; But it's futile, because it doesn't mean anything at all. The only effective way to explore Hamsun and his work is to understand his relationship to writing. The starting point of the theory that Knut Hamsun wrote to promote a particular ideology or to earn a living is to lead people astray. His motive for writing was not the great pleasure of entertaining the masses with a good story, not some moral indignation or sense of duty, not vanity, not social aspirations, not the hope of great honor and becoming famous. All these factors may have played a part in Hamsun's choice of career, and at different times in his life may have been of different importance; But none of these factors really motivated him to become a writer. Hamsun may have sensed that it was not so much that he had chosen literature as that it had chosen him. Forced by internal necessity, an unshirkable responsibility doomed him to write for a lifetime. If the word "mission" means anything in the history of Norwegian literature, it means Hamsun.

Language first

Even as a teenager, Hamsun was fascinated by literature, drawn by the mysterious vitality of language. In 1888, two years before his breakthrough with Hunger, Hamsun wrote in an essay: "Language must have the harmonious effect of music. At all times, a writer should always be looking for moving words, and use them properly and make people cry. Good language has color, light and taste. The writer's mission is to control language, to make it work, not to make it seem powerless - this is absolutely important. A writer must be able to swim in the vast ocean of language and must be able to take it from hand to hand. He should not only know the surface meaning of words, but also grasp its connotation. A word often has a meaning, an underlying meaning, and an indirect meaning."

Posterity influence

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Knut Hamsun

The influence of Knut Hamsun on 20th century European and American literature is immeasurable. The revolutionary nature of books like Hunger and Mystery lies in the fact that for the first time they offer a new understanding of human nature. For the first time in literature, new, eccentric, worrying characters appear. As early as Oh, Freud Before Hamsun (1875-1961, Swiss psychologist and psychotherapist), he laid the foundation for the extension of our understanding with his profound insight into psychopathy. In the field of literature, the forms of human behavior reaction, such as psychological contradictions, complex emotions, and sometimes even the description of disorganized factors. In that flat and straight narrative style is also so skilled, without losing its style, and therefore also for future generations.

In 1929, Thomas Mayne Insist, Nobel Prize in Literature Never has it been given to a more suitable person. In addition, F. Kafka (1883-1924, Austrian novelist and creator of fantasy novels), B. Brecht (1898-1956, German poet, playwright, and dramatic reformer) and Henry Miller Other writers have also expressed their admiration for Hamsun. In the preface to an American edition of Hunger, I. B. Singer states that Hamsun "is the father of modernist literature in every respect - his subjective consciousness, his incompleteness, his use of flashbacks and his lyrical style." All the modernist novels of the twentieth century have their roots in Hamsun."

Despite his official silence, Hamsun is always active in cultural circles, always a hot topic in cultural circles, people miss him endlessly, talk about him, and write about him. Since 1982, "Ham's Birthday" has been organized four times in Hammaroe. While such celebrations emphasize the cultural and artistic totality of the region, Hamsun always plays an important role in them. In the summer of 1988, the Hamsun Society was founded on "Ham's birthday" to promote a better understanding of the author and his work.

Knut Hamsun

As a writer and as an individual, his political views always cast an ominous shadow over him. World War II Forty years after his death, many Norwegians still feel a complex ambivalence of both love and hate because of their disappointment in him. The "Norwegian authorities" have little to say about Hamsun. In general, the Norwegians held literary men in high esteem, but they made an exception of Hamsun - not a single avenue, square, or public building was named after him. No banknotes bear his face, and no stamps have ever been issued in his honor.

As far as other aspects of Hamsun are concerned, the most important thing to mention in recent years has been the Norwegian translation of a massive biography of this "enigmable man", The Life of Knut Hamsun. The book was written by British author Robert Fergusson and first published in 1987. The film script for the first part of Hamsun's August trilogy, The Man on the Road, was already in the works, with an initial screening scheduled for the fall of 1989. Another Hamsun book, Fragments of Life, was also published. The book is full of little known stories, dug up from some old periodicals and newspapers.

Personal anecdote

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Knut Hamsun

Hamsun admirer and writer K. Yanson I've known him since I was young. Yansen wrote that he had never seen such a pervert as Hamsun aestheticism "Once he finds or creates a fresh, flavorful word in a book, he can dance for joy all day long." Mary Hamsun, who was married to Hamsun for more than four decades, wrote in her 1953 memoir, Rainbow, that when Knut "conceived" a book and it didn't get off the ground, the rest of the family suffered. Throughout the "labor pains" period, he was deeply desperate and very painful. Several times he promised his family and himself that he would never do that again once he finished the book he was working on. But unfortunately - or fortunately, as those who admire his language skills would say - he simply cannot keep his word. After marrying Hamsun, Mary was surprised to find that her husband had repeatedly complained about the drudgery of being a writer. But she couldn't get to know him any better. It was entirely possible for him to say something ironic about his profession as a writer, but she could see that it was the only profession that gave him real happiness. She wrote, "If he wants true happiness, my love is indeed indispensable to him; But I know that when he is so restless and unable to write, as he is now, nothing can be done. Perhaps the pleasure I gave him was a means rather than an end."

Can you write it or can't write it, that's the question. "Look, now we can see how I really am, am I full of energy? Is it dead? Or is it beyond help?" "He wrote in a letter home to Mary. While Marie lived alone in Norholm with the children, he packed up his material and went to the Elster Hotel in Kristiansande to concentrate on writing.

Knuthamsen's 150th birthday silver coin

When Hamsun was three years old, his family moved to Hammaroe in northern Norway. There they lived like ordinary peasants, supplemented by his father's craft. His father was a good tailor, and Knut was the fourth of seven children.

At the age of seventeen or eighteen, he tried his hand at writing The Inscrutable Man, which was published in Tromso in 1877. A year later, Bjorgal was published in Bodo. Another work is the long narrative poem "Reconciliation", published in 1878. No doubt the aspiring, budding writer saw them as a primer on a long life. But later it turned out that it was just a mild episode in his literary career. That "no mileage" literary career is indeed too short. Today, Hamsun's teenage years are of little interest to anyone other than specialized researchers. For the general reader, the most interesting finding in his early work is that even Hamsun has had his share of cliches and failures.

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