Southern Cross One of the southern constellations, it is the smallest of the 88 constellations in the sky and is located in Centauri (Centaurus) with Fly seat Between (Musca) The Milky Way Inside. The main bright stars in the constellation form a "ten", which is drawn down from one vertical of the "ten" until it reaches a point about four times the length of the vertical South celestial pole . in The Tropic of Cancer The entire constellation is visible from anywhere south. NZ The flag of the Southern Cross omitted the epsilon star. while Australia , Papua New Guinea and Samoa The Southern Cross is also on the national flag ^[1] .

Right ascension: 12 h
declination: - 60
Name of celestial body: Southern Cross
Latin name: Crucis
Latin abbreviation: Cru
symbol: cross
Area product: 68 km²
Area ranking: 88th

Bright star number: 4
lucida: Cross II (α Cru)
Meteor shower: Southern Cross Meteor shower
Adjacent constellations: Centauri , Fly seat
Optimum observation time: May
Best observed latitude: Between +20° and −90°
The apparent magnitude of the brightest star: 0.77
Fully visible region: 25°N-90°S

catalogue

Introduction to constellations

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position

The part of the galaxy where the Southern Cross is located is the brightest part of the Milky Way. Its central position: right ascension 12:20, declination -60 degrees. The Southern Cross is small, but it has many bright stars. Alpha star is the famous bright star in the southern sky, and Binary star Beta stars are of the first magnitude, and there are seven stars brighter than the fourth magnitude.

The main bright stars in the constellation Cross I (γ), Cross II (α), Cross III (β) and Cross IV (δ) composition cross . From the bottom of the vertical of this "ten" shape, draw down until a point about four times the length of this vertical is the South celestial pole. Observed at low latitudes in the northern Hemisphere, this extension line corresponds to Horizon line The point of intersection is basically due south. Since there are no bright stars near the South celestial Pole, Cross I and Cross II are used to indicate direction - extending the distance between them by only about 4.5 times is the South celestial Pole. The cross is as important in the southern Hemisphere as the Beidou is in the northern Hemisphere.

Plus, Centauri Minamonji Connected to the belly of a horse Vertical bisector The point of intersection with the above extension line will also be the South celestial pole.

Observation characteristics

The constellation cannot be seen in most of the Northern Hemisphere, except in a few southern provinces.

Can observe the whole constellation latitude range: 25 degrees north latitude South latitude It's 90 degrees.

Observation history

14th century navigator Zheng He went to the Western seas I used this constellation to navigate. in Ancient Greek Tolemay Time, Mediterranean The region originally could see it, was seen as Centaur Of the legs. Due to precession, by modern times this part of the sky has moved south and can no longer be seen in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

French astronomer Augustin Royer is credited with first disconnecting the Southern Cross in 1679 Centauri Set it as a constellation. But before that, the constellation was widely known.

Constellations major stars

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Bayer nomenclature	Flamsteed nomenclature	Other names	Chinese star officer	Apparent magnitude	remark
Alpha 1 Southern Cross	----	Acrux	Cross II	----	Cluster star,Spectroscopic binary
Alpha 2 Southern Cross	----	Alpha Crucis	Cross II	----	Part of the alpha Southern Cross system
Beta Southern Cross	----	Mimosa	Cross III	1.25	The 20th bright star of the day;Beta Cephei variable star
Gamma Southern Cross	----	Gacrux	Cross one	1.59 magnitude	Triple star; possibleVariable star
Delta Southern Cross	----	Imai	Cross IV	----	Beta Cephei variable star
Epsilon Southern Cross	----	Ginan	Cross plus one	3.56 level	possibleVariable star
Zeta Southern Cross	----	----	Organ House 32	----	Binary star
η Southern Cross	----	----	Organ House thirty-one	----	Binary star
Theta 1 Southern Cross	----	----	Organ House 26	----	Spectral binary
Theta 2 Southern Cross	----	----	Organ House 26	----	Spectral binary
Southern Cross ι	----	----	Organ House 22	----	Optical binary
κb southern Cross	----	----	----	----	The Jewel Box star clusterKappa Southern Cross refers directly to the cluster itself.
Lambda Southern Cross	----	----	A surname	----	Be star
μ1 Southern Cross	----	----	kenfuba	----	Twin stars; Sixth brightest star in the Southern Cross
Southern Cross μ2	----	----	kenfuba	----	Part of the Southern Cross MU system; Cassiopeia gamma variable
----	----	HD 110956	Septentrionalis japonica	----	Binary star; suspectedSlow irregular variable star
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Cross one

Red giant star , spectral type M4III. Apparent magnitude 1.55, 24 bright stars throughout the day.

Cross II

Baby blue , spectral type B0.5IV, is a binary star 320 light-years from Earth and the 13th brightest star in the entire sky.

Cross III

Cepheid variable stars , spectral type B0.5III, with luminance from 1.3 to 0.13. The 20th bright star of the day.

Cross IV

Blue, spectral type B2IV, brightness 2.75.

Deep sky object

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NGC 4755

Star cluster NGC4755

NGC 4755 , yes Open cluster Commonly known as" The Jewel Box star cluster Also known as the κb Southern Cross Cluster. is Rakai Discovered between 1751 and 1752 by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762), it is about 7,500 light-years from Earth and contains about 100 stars. To the naked eye, it appears as a single fourth-magnitude star. The main stars of the κb Southern Cross cluster are:

The main star of the NGC 4755 cluster
NGC 4755	4.1	Apparent radius:	0 ° 10 '
name	Apparent magnitude	Absolute magnitude	Spectral type
κb southern Cross	5.85	3.99	B5I
HIP 62937	9.00	1.19	B0.5 IV
HIP 62949	9.05	0.66	B2III
HIP 62953	6.75	2.97	B3I
HIP 62894	5.45	4.31	B9I
HIP 62913	6.80	2.90	B3I

Coal pocket nebula

Coal pocket nebula The Coalsack is for Dark nebula , located at α cross with Cross III Between, for a black wedge of fine dust Gas nebula It is 400 light years from Earth. At the lower left of the Southern Cross "ten" there is a dark Dust nebula Set against the bright galactic background, it is like a dark cave in the Milky Way, called" Coal sack Its area is almost the same size as the "ten" shape, extending all the way to the adjacent Centauri and fly. Coal pocket nebula Located in the Milky Way, it is the most visible in the sky Dark nebula One, you can easily see it with your eyes.

Constellation myth

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Star chart of the Southern Cross

Ancient times astronomer Seems to think the stars of the Southern Cross are Centauri Part of them, they are surrounded by the Centauri in three directions. Victorian scholar R.H. Allen drew attention to earlier traditional evidence of the cross in his Star Catalogue. In the 11th century AD, the ancient Arab astrologer Al Burni noticed that from India 30 degrees north latitude A southern cluster of stars, called Sulla, can be seen. Just as Allen As pointed out, this may provide us with the design Dante " Medicated leaven "(early 14th century). Upon entering the Southern Hemisphere through the entrance to Purgatory, Dante declares, "I fixed my mind/on the other pole, and I saw/the four stars that only the first men had seen" (Purgatory 1:22-24).

The stars of the Southern Cross are The northern hemisphere It's out of sight." "The first man" means the first Christians, because in Age of Christ the Jerusalem You can just see the cross. Dante clearly realizes that precession He refers to a godless age after Christ's death, when the Southern Cross had gradually disappeared at this latitude. The Southern Cross is not seen as a cross in all cultures Australia These stars in the middle are called "eagle claws."

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