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Pinggu tone
Beijing level intangible cultural heritage
Pinggu is in tune with
Beijing
Pinggu District
It is a kind of folk music based on dialect and with "Leting Tune" and other music as the basic melody. According to artist oral legend, late 19th century, home Pinggu South Taiwu Xihe drum artist
Royal charter
Absorbing "Leting tune" and other tunes gradually formed a new drum school, called "Pinggu old tune". Pinggu has appeared "iron plate drum", "iron plate drum"
A large iron drum
", "intonation","
Laoting drum
According to different singing methods, there are "small mouth Pinggu big drum" and "big mouth Pinggu big drum". In 2006, Pinggu was listed in the Beijing Municipal level
Intangible cultural heritage
A directory.
Pinggu Tune can be called the sound source of all kinds of drum music. It continues the most ancient artistic style of Han traditional music. It has beautiful melody and smooth, interesting atmosphere, high aesthetic value, traces of times and regions, and valuable historical value for the study of urban style and folk customs.
- Chinese name
- Pinggu tone
- alias
- Pinggu tunes the big drum , Pinggu Drum
- Founding age
- Late 19th century
- founder
- Royal charter
- Spread area
- Pinggu, Northeast of Beijing
- inheritor
- Du Runqi
- Magnum opus
- "King of the Kang", "Blue Bridge Club" and so on
catalogue
Pinggu tone [1]
The melody and sentence pattern of Pinggu tune are relatively monotonous, and its biggest contribution is to derive the iron drum, and directly affect
Jingdong drum
and
Beijing musical instrument
The production of.
[2]
When Wang Charter was in Shenyang, Zhang Zuolin's concubine appreciated his Pinggu tune very much and listened to it on occasion, and encouraged Zhang Zuolin to establish a drum book school in Shenyang, with Wang Charter as the president, where drum book artists from south to north could manage to eat and drink, and arrange performance places. Therefore, the drum book art led by Wang Charter and Pinggu Tune founded by him have been greatly spread and developed in Northeast China.
As a Pingu native, Wang Charter did not return to his hometown from Kanto until he was in his fifties and began to learn. In his sixties, he went to the Northeast for a second time and sang for about twenty years before returning home at the age of eighty. It can be said that in addition to Pinggu, Pinggu tune has also taken root in the northeast.
[2]
Pinggu transferred to Wang Charter's closed female disciple Wang Peichen here developed into an "iron drum", the structure was changed from a straight 2/4 beat to a straight 4/4 beat, and every phrase was sung at a glance. In terms of melody form, it adopts the characteristics of Pinggu native "dropping tone" and "crying tone", and the phrases are in the downward form of melody, resulting in a sad and sour feeling. Therefore, the iron drum was also called "vinegar drum" by the audience, and Wang Peichen was also nicknamed "vinegar drum King". In singing, Wang Peichen also created the cut plate,
Splash board
,
Pile plate
Equal rhythm and large
Skip tone
, large
glide
Such melody decoration.
The iron drum is an innovation based on Pinggu tune singing. Before his death, Wang Charac passed on his skills to Wang Peichen, and subsequent inheritors have their own artistic innovations on the basis of inheriting the tradition. Compared with the old tune of Pinggu, the melody of the iron sheet drum after development is relatively new, adding some bends in the singing, and basically no local tone
localism
And absorbed a lot of opera things, such as
Chinese wooden clappers performed to the accompaniment of Chinese operas
And so on, but then you have to go back to the original melody.
[2]
Pinggu local drum and book artists have also carried out a positive "transformation" of Pinggu tune. In 1920, Pinggu drumbook artist Zhang Shicheng changed Pinggu tune to Pinggu Dagu, his drawling tone, half speaking and half singing, the drumbook circle called "small mouth Pinggu Dagu".
Pinggu Chengguan Shi Ziyu is on the basis of Pinggu old drum into the singing style of Shulaibao. He is known for his books on bunting, such as
A surname
","
Major eight meanings
","
Minor five senses
", "Ji Gong Biography" and so on. Shi Ziyu's singing is slow and reasonable, half speaking and half singing, simple and unsophisticated, especially after the board is more board up and down, and the final sentence adds a novel drawl, beautiful and beautiful.
The small mouth Pinggu Dagu is shorter than the big mouth Pinggu Dagu, and the iron plate dagu is developed from the small mouth Pinggu Dagu. But Pinggu's homegrown Pinggu drum is closer to the traditional tune and has a stronger flavor.
[2]
In the past, Pinggu tune was popular in the local area, but because of its slow rhythm, there was no market in Beijing Tianqiao, and sometimes it was discriminated against.
[2]
Pinggu tune singing for the characteristic mode, is an infinite cycle of plate cavity structure, there are plate, allegro, tight plate, willow plate and so on, singing rhythm gradually from slow to fast. Early Pinggu tune structure is simple, a straight one (2/4 beat), each sentence is sung in the weak position (back half beat), generally using "four sentences" as the starting plate, and then use the "next sentence" infinite repetition, half said half sang to tell a legend or myth. After the continuous innovation of several generations of artists, the later Pinggu diao was divided into three eyes (4/4 beat) "small mouth Pinggu Dagu" (fast rhythm, short beat) and "Big mouth Pinggu Dagu" (slow rhythm, long beat) according to different singing methods.
[4]
The singing of Pinggu tune takes seven-character sentences as the basic sentence pattern, and every six, eight, ten sentences is a (paragraph), and the door (instrumental accompaniment) should be added before and between the songs, and a small drawl should be added at the end of each song to indicate the closing of the band.
[2]
Du Runqi sings Pinggu tune at Lao She Teahouse [4]
In 2011, Du Runqi was assessed by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture as the representative inheritor of the municipal intangible cultural heritage Pinggu, has won the first prize of the city's excellent cultural program performance, and has recorded and broadcast special programs in the Central and Beijing TV stations for many times. Although he is retired, he patiently teaches his apprentices his skills every day. In order to better inherit and promote Pinggu tune and facilitate future generations to learn, Du Runqi recorded more than 30 of his own songs into a CD, and made every effort to inherit Pinggu tune well, hoping that the apprentices not only learned the old jokes, but also were more innovative.
[4]
Pinggu Tiao's representative works include traditional jokes "There is a family on the High Mountain", "King of the Kang", "The King of the Kang".
Blue Bridge Club
", the new joke"
The Peach Blossom
", "Counting Ballads", "Counting Ballads"
Persuasive side
","
It is difficult to get old.
", "Aunt Li of the Village", "Longevity Village" and so on.
[4]
