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Zhengyang Gate
(Zhengyang Gate)
Formerly known as "Lizhengmen", commonly known as "Qianmen", is located in
Beijing
Centre
Tian 'anmen Square
At the south end, it is the south gate of the inner city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties, which was built in the seventeenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1419), and the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1437) began to build the tower, the archway and the walled city, and was completed in the fourth year of the Orthodox year (1439), and renamed "Zhengyang Gate". Zhengyang Gate is an ancient Chinese city defensive architecture, and is the only city gate in Beijing with well-preserved gate towers and archery towers.
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In the 26th year of the Reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1900), the Eight Allied forces invaded Beijing, and Zhengyang Gate was destroyed. In the 32nd year of the Reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1906), Chongwen and Xuanwu Gates were rebuilt. The current tower is 42 meters high, 33 meters high, 24 meters deep, seven wide, 50 meters wide, double eaves three drops of water on the top of the mountain, covered with gray cylinder tile, green glazed tile cut edge, vermilion pavilion, upper and lower layers, the upper eaves are equipped with diamond-walled doors and Windows, the lower layer is painted with red brick walls. Open a gate on the north and south sides and on the east and west sides. It has a height of 38 meters, a width of 62 meters, a depth of 32 meters, a height of 12 meters, a width of seven on the south side, five on the north out of the building, and 94 holes in four layers of archery Windows on three sides, east, west and south. Resting on the top of the mountain, gray cylinder tile green glazed tile cut edge, heavy eaves fortress building. As the only well-preserved gate of the feudal imperial capital in Beijing, Zhengyang Gate is not only a historical and cultural relic, but also an excellent carrier of the characteristics of Beijing's ancient capital, with profound cultural connotations. As a non-renewable cultural relic resource, Zhengyang Gate, with its silent architectural language, not only shows the world a part of the city wall of the feudal society, but also has its independent existence significance and research value in ancient architecture, culture and art, folk etiquette, dynasty history and other aspects. It is an important part of the famous historical and cultural city of Beijing and a landmark building of the old Beijing city.
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January 13, 1988, Zhengyang gate quilt
State Council, People's Republic of China
Publish as
The third batch of key national cultural relics under protection
.
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- Chinese name
- Zhengyang Gate
- Foreign name
- Zhengyang Gate
- Geographical position
- Beijing No. 2A, Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District
- age
- Ming to Qing
- Protection level
- The third batch of key national cultural relics under protection
- Opening hours
- 08:30-16:00
- alias
- Lizhengmen , The front gate House , Big front door
- Publishing unit
- State Council, People's Republic of China
- numbering
- 3-063-003-011
The predecessor of Zhengyang Gate was called Lizhengmen. Lizhengmen is the main gate of the southern wall of Dadu City in Yuan Dynasty, which was built in the fourth year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (1267)
Beijing
It's a little south of Chang 'an Avenue.
Ming Yongle seventeen years (1419), Chengzu
Zhu Di
The city of Beijing was built, the southern wall of the metropolitan city was expanded to the south, and the Lizheng Gate was moved to the position of the present Zhengyang Gate, and only the gate tower was built at the beginning, which was still called the old name.
In the first four years of the Ming Dynasty (1436 ~1439), military defense facilities such as Wengcheng, archway, East and West Gate were built, and the Lizhenggate was renamed Zhengyang Gate.
Ming Wanli thirty-eighth year (1610) in April, Zhengyangmen archery fire.
Late Ming Dynasty, in
A barbican city
Guandi Temple and Guanyin Temple are built on the south side of the inner city tower. Guanyin Temple is on the east side and Guandi Temple is on the west side. Outside the gate city, the southeast side of the gate Tower has a double eaves hanging mountain gallery.
On the evening of April 29, 1644, in the 17th year of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant rebellion army, set fire to the palace and nine gate towers in the inner city, including the archery tower of Zhengyangmen, when he led his troops to evacuate Beijing.
On May 11, 1780, in the 45th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, a shop outside Zhengyang Gate accidentally caught fire, and the fire spread, including the archary tower at the south end of Zhengyang Gate, and also burned down the east and west moon wall gate building, official buildings and other facilities. Jin Jian on the request to repair Zhengyang Gate, approved by the Qianlong emperor implementation. This massive reconstruction and renovation, which began in mid-August of that year and was completed by the end of November, amounted to a total of 68,799 silver. However, due to the construction, not all the new masonry, resulting in the new archery and the old door urn with cracks and flickering phenomenon. There is a problem with the quality of the project, the minister responsible for supervising the work
Inline
,
Heshen
Had to pay for the repair, the specific responsible for the construction of the ministry of the doctor Deling were also punished.
Qianlong's Tour (Part), the Palace Museum collection
Qing Daoguang twenty-ninth year (1849), Zhengyangmen archery caught fire. After experiencing the first Opium War, the Qing Court's Treasury was empty and its financial resources were strained. The big guns needed for the archery tower, which were more than three feet long and four feet long, could not be prepared. Later, the main beams in the Hall of Nine Classics and three things in the Changchun Garden in the western suburbs were removed and used before the archery tower was restored.
The picture is "Jingmen Jiuqu Map" section picture scroll - Zhengyang Gate article appreciation
The picture is "Jingmen Jiuqu Map" section picture scroll - Zhengyang Gate article appreciation
On June 16, 1900, in the 26th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the Boxers banned foreign goods around Qianmen and set fire to the Old De Ji pharmacy outside the front gate. The Zhengyangmen archery was badly damaged in the fire. On August 14, the archery tower was set on fire by the eight-nation Allied forces, and the parts above the city platform were destroyed.
At the end of 1901, when the Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi, who had fled to Xi 'an, were about to return to Beijing, the officials in charge of welcoming them built a temporary decorated archway with Chinese trees, reed MATS and colored silk on the remaining archway platform of Zhengyangmen to welcome the sage.
Panorama of Zhengyang Gate at the end of Qing Dynasty
Panorama of Zhengyang Gate at the end of Qing Dynasty
In 1902, in the 28th year of Guangxu's reign, the Qing government sent Yuan Shikai, the governor of Zhli, and Chen Bi, the governor of Shuntian, to plan the restoration of Zhengyang Gate. The project began in May 1903 and was completed in 1906.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), presided over by Zhu Qiqian, then the General Secretary of the Interior and the superintendent of Municipal affairs of Beijing, he hired the architect of the De Circle, Ross Keagle, to transform the Zhengyang Gate, demolish the Zhengyang Gate gate and the east and west gate buildings, and open two gate gates on the walls on both sides of the gate tower, effectively solving the traffic congestion problem around the gate tower. At the same time of demolishing the barns, the archery tower was also rebuilt. During the renovation of the archery tower, four new archery Windows were added to the east and west sides of the building. At the same time, each archery window is decorated with Western style cement arc canopy, and white jade pillars and white marble railings are added under the archery window to form a suspended platform. The "Zhengyang Gate" horizontal plaque was added above the entrance of the archery tower, the railings were added to the east and west sides, and the "zigzag" entrance to the city bridleway was added.
The old sun Gate
The old sun Gate
The thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), the peaceful liberation of Beiping held a grand celebration in Zhengyang Gate.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the city wall was demolished, and due to the construction of the subway, the two temples of Guandi Temple and Guanyin Temple on the south side of the inner city tower were gradually dismantled.
In 1952, the Zhengyangmen Gate tower was straightened and the ring was added.
In 1957, lightning rods were installed on the city tower and the archery tower.
From 1976 to 1978, the castle tower and the archery tower were overhauled after the Tangshan earthquake.
In 1989 and 1991, the archery tower and gate tower of Zhengyangmen were repaired and opened to the public, and became a museum displaying the history and culture of old Beijing.
From 2005 to 2006, the Beijing Municipal Government allocated huge sums of money to carry out a comprehensive protective overhaul of the Chenglou archery tower, and launched the Zhengyang Gate Historical and Cultural Exhibition.
In October 2013, the inner transformation of Zhengyangmen Gate Tower began.
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Zhengyang Gate and archery tower
Zhengyang Gate and archery tower
Zhengyang Gate, original name
Lizhengmen
It is a set of gate tower, archery tower, gate tower, barweng, moon wall, temple equal to one, and the inner city south wall is connected as one, and there is a moat around the outside, forming a complete ancient defensive architecture system. The old Beijingers often say "four gates, three Bridges and five archway towers", referring to a circle of barns connecting four gates, such as the archway tower, the gate tower and the east and west gate tower. In front of the archway is the "Zhengyang Bridge" composed of three stone arch Bridges, and in the south is the "Five archway Tower" leading to Qianmen Street. Inside the gate are empty field, shop, Guandi Temple and Guanyin Temple.
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The specifications of Beijing Zhengyang Gate are higher than other eight, known as "four doors, three Bridges and five archways".
four-door
: refers to the Zhengyang Gate has a total of four gate holes, namely Chenglou gate hole, archery gate hole, east gate and west gate on both sides of the gate. The other eight are only two gate holes, that is, gate holes and gate holes of the gate gate of the gate gate of the walled city, the archery tower has no gate holes, and only has the function of defensive fortresses.
Sambashi
Zhengyang Bridge on the moat in front of the archery tower is actually a stone arch bridge, but the wide bridge deck is divided into three channels by railings, and the channel in the middle is opposite the archery gate hole, which is called the imperial road, and only the emperor can pass.
Five-decorated archway
: refers to the "six pillars and five" cross-street card building in front of Zhengyang Gate. In the Ming Dynasty, the capital of nine gates have built archway, only Zhengyang Gate archway has the highest specification, with five rooms. Today only the Zhengyangmen Archway has been restored.
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Zhengyangmen Gate tower and archery tower style thunder hot sample · Palace Museum collection
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Tower over a city gate
Zhengyangmen Gate Tower is located in the upper narrow and lower wide city platform, which opens a door for pedestrians and vehicles to enter and exit, and the main building is three water drop mountain pavilions. The upper and lower levels of the tower are seven wide, three deep, with a surrounding corridor, in the end there are stairs to connect the upper and lower levels, four sides of the door. There are three split doors in the middle of the south of the second floor, and the other layers are double-split doors on each side. The middle and lower eaves use five single-warped single-arch brackets, only the upper eaves use seven single-warped double-arch brackets, the color painting of the beam square is gold thread large point gold spin color painting, and the roof is green glass cutting edge of the tube tile.
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Zhengyangmen Gate Tower
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Archery watchtower
Zhengyangmen Arch Tower in the north of the tower, the tower tower is 12 meters high, but also narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, there is a clear division. Open the door in the middle of the tower, it is the only archery with a doorway in the nine gates of the inner city. The archary tower is two dripping mountain pavilions, the upper and lower four floors are seven wide, two deep, the north out of the building is five wide. The south side is provided with four layers of archeries, each with 13 holes, and the east and west sides are also provided with four layers of archeries, each with 4 holes.
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Zhengyangmen archery Tower
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A barbican city
Zhengyangmen gate gate plane is rectangular, about 88 meters wide from east to west, about 108 meters long from north to south, the east wall wall, the west wall and the south wall of the inner wall are vertically connected, the southeast and southwest two corners are wipe corners. There is a horse face on the outside of the city wall, and two horse paths on the inside of the city wall lead to the tower and the archery tower respectively. In the early 20th century, the barges were demolished.
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Zhengyangmen barengcheng restoration map
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Jack brake
Zhengyang Gate has a total of three thousand kilograms of gates - the arrow tower and the east and west gate building each set 1, and the arrow tower gate than the east and west gate building specifications are much larger. In the early 20th century, the gate of the east and west gate tower disappeared with the demolition of the gate town, while the main structure of the arch tower gate has been better preserved.
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The Qianjin gate of Zhengyang Gate was built in the orthodox years of the Ming Dynasty, as a kind of defensive facilities attached to the building came into being, calling it "Qianjin", but the actual weight is often more than 1000 "Jin", which refers to its thick and strong characteristics. As the largest existing ancient city gate in China, the structural components of Jianlou Qianjin gate can be summarized into three systems, including the gate system, the tunnel column system, and the block and rope system. The gate (gate) adopts iron-clad solid wood (fir) structure, covered with reinforced iron nails, which still retains the style of the reconstruction at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The gate width is 6 meters, the height is about 6.5 meters, and the thickness is 9 centimeters. The tubular column system is composed of tubular column, tubular beam and tubular ruler, which are the core parts of the take-off and landing system of Qianjin gate. The block and rope system is the key to transmit the power of the column system.
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The structural characteristics of Zhengyang Gate gate are its powerful stability system and superb scientific design. The column system and the block and rope system make the brake not only strong and flexible, but also show excellence in safe and stable operation and power transmission.
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Beijing Zhengyang Gate has important historical, scientific and social values, is China's excellent cultural heritage, should be protected and inherited, so that future generations can also feel its strong historical and cultural atmosphere and cultural significance.
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As an important building on the central axis of Beijing, Zhengyang Gate has rich historical value. As one of the largest representative buildings in traditional Chinese architecture, its architectural structure and construction skills are one of the important bases for the study of urban history and architectural history. Zhengyang Gate used to be the main traffic road of the major palaces, places of worship and the point table in the old capital. It was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in the whole country, representing the development of ancient Chinese urban architecture and political system, reflecting the charm of traditional Chinese architecture art, and being an important symbol and historical witness in traditional culture.
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Zhengyang Gate is located at the southern end of the central axis and is the only way for the foreign enemy to attack. It uses a double gate structure, that is, a space is set between the inner gate and the outer gate, forming two lines of defense. The archery tower of Zhengyang Gate is the building that can best reflect the ancient military defense thought and technical level. As a part of ancient engineering design, its thousand jin gate shows the wisdom and creativity of ancient engineers. At the same time, Zhengyang Gate embodies the scientific value of military defense in gate layout, defense facilities, vision and communication, and defense strategic position, etc. It is of great significance to study and understand the military defense layout of Zhengyang Gate for military history research and urban defense planning.
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The cultural connotation deeply planted in Zhengyang Gate, whether it is architecture, decoration, craft, or cultural inheritance, has irreplaceable social value, and plays an important role in promoting national cohesion and national pride. Today, it has become a place of cultural education, holding various exhibitions, lectures and cultural activities to promote public awareness and understanding of traditional culture. In addition, as a key area for urban renewal and transformation, the surrounding area of Zhengyangmen has further promoted the improvement of urban functions and the development of communities through protection and development.
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On January 13, 1988, Zhengyangmen was announced by The State Council of the People's Republic of China as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
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Cultural relic plate
Cultural relic plate
Legend has it that when the Ming Dynasty built the Zhengyangmen archery Tower, the Emperor Yongle came to inspect and found that the roof of the Zhengyangmen archery Tower was not as tall and spectacular as he expected, so "Longyan was furious" and gave a month to rebuild the roof of the Zhengyangmen archery tower into a tall and magnificent style, otherwise he would be punished. The craftsmen tried their best to do nothing, and faced the consequences of being punished with great fear.
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One day, an old carpenter in ragged clothes came and begged the craftsmen to add some salt to his pickles. Over the next few days, he kept coming to ask artisans to add "salt" to his pickles. Finally, a craftsman was inspired, adding "salt" is not the meaning of adding "eaves" to the roof? According to this idea, the craftsmen added a one-week cornice to the roof of the Zhengyangmen archery, making the roof of the archery become tall and luxurious, and making the overall scale of the Zhengyangmen Archery look lofty and magnificent. Yongle Emperor saw it, surprised for the magic stroke, can not help but Longyan big joy. The craftsmen gratefully went to look for the old carpenter, but they could not find it everywhere, and then they realized that the old carpenter must be the carpenter fairy Master Lu Ban came to enlighten them and help them overcome the technical difficulties.
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In June 2014, the first and second floors of Zhengyang Gate were opened to the public for the basic exhibition "Weiwei Zhengyang - Beijing Zhengyang Gate History and Culture Exhibition". The Zhengyang Gate Management Office closely combines the "gate" culture of Zhengyang Gate with traditional folk customs and festival culture, and launches the first exhibition - "Gate God Year Exhibition".
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Zhengyangmen is located at No.2 Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing.
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Zhengyang Gate
Public transport
Subway: Take Metro Line 8 or Metro Line 2 in Beijing and get off at Qianmen Station. Walk 820 meters.
Bus: Take the inner loop of No. 9, No. 142, No. 44 in Beijing and get off at Qianmen East Station and walk 350 meters.
