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Zhu Zaiyu (1536 -- 1611), styled Boqin, was born in Shouqushan, Jiufengshan. In his youth, he was named "Crazy Sheng" and "Crazy immortal of Shanyang Wine", also known as "Duan Qing Shi Zi".
[1]
, Henan Province
Huaiqing Mansion
Hanoi County
(now
Henan (Province)
Qinyang
) people
[2]
Famous in Ming Dynasty
Study of temperament
Family (known as "law saint"), calendar scientist, musician.
Zhu Zaiyu was born in Hanoi County, Huaiqing Prefecture, Henan Province in 1536
Emperor Taizu of Ming
The ninth Sun, the fifth son of Zheng Fan in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Zaiyu was deeply influenced by his father, Zheng Gong Wang Xiude, who taught, dressed and ate vegetables, was able to read and write, and was an intelligent and studious corporal. From my great-uncle at an early age
He Tang
Learning astronomy, arithmetic and other knowledge, because of the injustice of his father's conviction was locked up, built room alone for 19 years, until 1567, his father was pardoned, he was willing to enter the palace.
[3]
In 1591, the King of Zheng
cinchane
Died, as the eldest son of Zhu Zaiyu should have inherited the throne, he has seven sparse let the country, resigned the jue return, concentrating on writing. In the long years of 19 years in the desert, Zhu Zaiyu paid his respect to sages, went in and out of common sense, pursued the spirit of the sun and the moon, concentrated on studying music rhythm and calendar calculation, and opened up a broad field of marginal subjects.
[3]
Zhu Zaiyu followed his ancestors' rules, broke old habits, paid attention to practice and experiment, worked hard for the truth all his life, and made painstaking efforts to complete the book.
encyclopaedia
","
Theory of law and Lv
","
Lu questioned and confused
","
Calculate the longitude
","
The essence of the law
", "Lu Li Rongtong","
New theory of mathematics
","
Se score
", etc. Zaiyu's achievements shocked the world, and scholars at home and abroad respected him as "a sage of the Oriental Renaissance style". So, Zhu Zaiyu He
Guo Moruo
Together they are listed as "World historical and cultural celebrities".
- Full name
- Zhu Zaiyu
- alias
- End Qing Seko [1] , An undisciplined student , Shanyang wine maniac fairy
- word
- Beqin
- No.
- Qushan people, Jiufengshan people
- Posthumous title
- End clear
- age
- Ming Dynasty
- Ethnic group
- The Han nationality
- Place of Birth
- Henan Province Huaiqing Mansion Hanoi County [2]
- Date of birth
- The year 1536
- Date of death
- The year 1611
- Major achievement
-
found
Twelve-equal law
He built the world's first tuning instrument - Major work
- "Sepu", "Integration of Li Calendar", "New Theory of Law", "New Book of Arithmetics", "Cao Mangu Music"
- eigenname
- Zhu Zaiyu
Zhu Zaiyu [4]
Jia Jing
In 24years (1545), Zaiyu, who was only 10 years old, studied history books such as Pangeng, and was awarded the title
A surname
He became the heir of King Zheng.
[5]
Although Zhu Zaiyu is very valuable
Zheng Han
Prince, but his life path was not smooth, which was with his father
cinchane
About the experience. Cinnabar is the emperor of Ming Ren
Zhu Gaochi
The fifth grandson of his father was knighted and named King Gong of Zheng. He lived a simple life and was upright. When Zhu Houjun was imprisoned, Zhu Zaiyu was just 15 years old. He "saw his pain father not guilty, built the soil room outside the palace gate, and Xige was alone for nineteen years.
cinchane
The following year, Zhu Zaiyu ended the life of "Xige alone" and returned to the palace.
[6]
Wanli
Nineteen years (1591),
cinchane
Died of illness, Zaiyu
A surname
He could have taken the throne, but he wrote to the emperor that he was willing to give it up. Your master thought, "Yu Zaiyu, although he deeply holds the Letting Festival, but the heir is the third King of Zheng, and there is no better reason, it is appropriate to choose Yu Zaiyu Yixi heir."
[7]
Even so, Zaiyu did not agree, and insisted on granting the title to the emperor. From the year of his father's death, it was not until 1606, the 34th year of Wanli, that Emperor Shenzong granted the permission, "taking Zaiyu and Yixi as heirs of you 橏, and leaving Zaiyu and Yixi as the son of the Emperor Shisunlu, their descendants will still be entitled King of Dongyuan."
[7]
After Jean Jue, he called himself a Taoist and moved.
[8]
In the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (1611), Zhu Zaiyu died on April 6 at the age of 76. He was buried in Jiufeng Mountain and given the title "Duan Qing".
[5]
|
time
|
Major work
|
|
The 29th Year of Jiajing (1560 AD)
|
|
|
The first year of Longqing (1567 AD)
|
father
cinchane
After the restoration of the Lord, Zaiyu then restored the crown of the son of the world, and the father and son cooperated in writing the scores of "Cao Aman" and "Gong Gong".
[5]
|
|
The ninth year of Wanli (1581 AD)
|
Almanac
[5]
|
|
The Twelfth Year of Wanli (1584 AD)
|
|
|
The 23rd year of Wanli (1595 AD)
|
Zhu Zaiyu: "The method of calculating precession in the previous calendar and the musical rules you have written, please identify and confirm it carefully and call it what you know." The "Music and law book" mentioned here is the "New Theory of Law", while the "Law of calculating precession" includes four volumes of "Law and Calendar Rongtong", two volumes of "Shengshou Perpetual Calendar", three volumes of "Perpetual Calendar Preparation" and one volume of "Yin Yi".
[5]
|
|
The 24th year of Wanli (1596 AD)
|
Zhu Zaiyu presents his recently completed book Yu Lu Jing Yi (including inner and outer parts).
[5]
|
|
The thirty-first year of Wanli (1603 AD)
|
New Book of Mathematics
[5]
|
|
The thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606 AD)
|
Emperor Zong quasi play, the king will eventually give the same brother
Zhu Zaixi
Emperor Shen Zong Jing Award: "Yu Yu King, let the country high wind, through the ages, I Jia still unceasingly." Ye has given Edict building Fang, Zhangtian Xanthorhoe beauty."
[5]
|
In addition, there are unknown written years of "Music New Talk", "Ling Star Little dance Score", "Gong He score", "six generations of little dance score", "Little dance town music", "Two Yiaffix Zhaotu", "Jialang calculate classic", "Round square sentence stock diagram", "Lv question and confusion" and so on. Most of these works were included in his "Torah".
-
Author name Zhu ZaiyuWork time 2006-7
-
The Lu Jingyi is a book written by Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1611 AD) of the Ming Dynasty.
-
According to the History of Art and Literature of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyu wrote a total of books in his life.
encyclopaedia
Forty volumes, three volumes of Jialang Sutra, four volumes of Luli Rongtong, one volume of Yin Yi, one volume of Perpetual Calendar, one volume of Perpetual Calendar
Perpetual calendar preparation
(Mr. Dai Nianzu said in his book Zhu Zaiyu -- The Scientific and Artistic Star of the Ming Dynasty that the Ming History records are wrong, and the books such as Lu Li Yu and Yin Yi are included in the Music and Law Book), which covers music, astronomy, calendar, mathematics, dance, literature, etc., and is a good reference
Li Shizhen
,
Song Yingxing
,
Xu Guangqi
,
Xu Xiake
An eminent scientist, but also an encyclopedic scholar. In his millions of words of writings, most notably"
encyclopaedia
The most famous.
[9-11]
Englishman
Joseph Needham
Doctor said the book was published in
Wanli
Around thirty-eight years ago, but as early as the twelfth year of Wanli, he had proved that the intervals of the uniform scale could be taken as the roots of two to the twelfth power (i.e
Twelve-equal law
), than
Europe
People are decades ahead of schedule
[12]
. This discovery completely solved the problem that had puzzled people for thousands of years, and was a major event in the history of music. Modern Musical Instruments are made with it
Twelve-equal law
To set the tone
[13]
.
Twelve-equal law
The theory was brought to the West by missionaries and had a profound influence, and the prince Zhu Zaiyu also became famous in Europe. In his book Zhu Zaiyu -- The Scientific and Artistic Superstar of the Ming Dynasty, Mr. Dai Nianzu quotes
Germany
physicist
Helmholtz
"Among the Chinese, it is said that there was a prince called Zaiyu, who advocated against the great opposition of the musicians of the old school
heptachord
. The division of octaves into twelve semitones and the method of inflection were also invented by this country of genius and skill."
[10]
[14, 15]
Europeans admire and practice Zhu Zaiyu's invention, and in Zhu Zaiyu's hometown of China, his creation is known
Put it to rest
. After sleeping for more than four hundred years, although Zhu Zaiyu was re-recognized and studied, he still lay in the scholar's study. Open any history textbook, primary or secondary, and it's easy to see
Li Shizhen
,
Song Yingxing
,
Xu Guangqi
,
Xu Xiake
The achievement, but difficult to find
Zhu Zaiyu
The name of... Just as
Joseph Needham
The Doctor said, "This is an incredible irony."
[16]
.
[10]
Zhu Zaiyu wrote popular sanqu, sanqu collection
Words to awaken the world
"There are 73 small orders, with strong
Critical realism
Color.
[17]
"Chanting Ling · Donkey Son Sample", "Hillside sheep · Rich cannot be met", "Hillside sheep", "Huang Yinger", "Seven rules · Sigh people respect rich", "Hillside sheep · Ten insufficient", "Huang Yinger · Jie Zhi", "Huang Yinger · Poor and rich"
-
temperament
The big abacus in size 81 [18]
Zhu Zaiyu used an oversized abacus spanning 81 yards to calculate the square root and square root, and put forward the "reducing pipe theory", and based on this, designed and manufactured the chord and temperament pipe. Zhu Zaiyu's"
Twelve-equal law
Make each of the two adjacent keys of the twelve keys increase or decrease equally. Zhu Zaiyu, after decades of painstaking research, finally solved the academic problem that had been left over in this field of music for more than a thousand years with his theory of twelve equal rules. Perhaps this technical vocabulary in music is confusing, so let's quantify it: nine out of ten musical instrument tuning known in the world is completed on the basis of twelve equal temperament, which is generally regarded in the West as "standard tuning" and "standard Western temperament."
18 [20]
In the 17th century, the key data of Zhu Zaiyu's study of the law of twelve equals, "square root 2 x 12 power", was brought to the West by missionaries through the Silk Road. if
Bach
If it is called the father of piano, Zhu Zaiyu can be called the father of piano. If not
Twelve-equal law
,
Pavarotti
's
O my Sun
"Can't be sung, because it has two octaves in it. A famous Chinese law expert
Huang Xiangpeng
Mr. Zhang said, "The twelve equal rules are not a single scientific research achievement, but involve the music acoustics in ancient metrology, mathematics and physics, and run through the history of Chinese music rules, as well as astronomy and calendar calculation, and are closely related to the practice of musical art."
Twelve-equal law
It is a great revolution in musicology and music physics, and also a great invention in the history of world science.
[21]
Zhu Zaiyu drew a large number of dance scores and charts [18]
Taiwan
Scholar
Chen Wannai
Mr. Zhu said, "Neither Zhu Zaiyu invented the formula, nor was he skilled in the abacus, nor had he any academic value. However, since he had developed the formula to the point where the significant numbers reached 25 digits, I am afraid that he is the only mathematician who has been the most accurate and patient since ancient times."
[23]
-
Musical instrument
Zhu Zaiyu
Not only scientists and musicians, but also
Musical instrument
The manufacturer, he was not satisfied with the conventional theory, dared to question the law system theory passed down from generation to generation, and set up a new theory, carried out research with a realistic attitude, and crafted it
The world's first tuning instrument - string alignment
, a set of
Twelve-equal law
The theory is extended to music practice. Zhu Zaiyu also made thirty-six copper law pipes, each indicating uniformity. In his works, the selection of materials, production methods and playing requirements of each law are explained in detail, and the data is extremely precise.
Belgium
Director of the Museum of Musical Instruments in Brussels
Majon
After a decade or two of research, he copied two of the tubes, "such a great invention, only a smart Chinese can do it," he said.
[24]
-
Dance science
First "dance study", formulated the outline for dance study,
settle
With the theoretical basis,
draw
Lots of dance charts and charts. His "World Peace" word dance score is also for today's
Group callisthenics
Set a precedent. Zhu Zaiyu also proposed a more systematic music teaching system, and his group teaching, instrumental singing, and spectrographic singing are still widely used in music teaching today.
[21]
-
Dance
List of Zhu Zaiyu's works [25]
Zhu Zaiyu's original intention is to let people look up at the "sedan bearer" and use artistic expression to enhance the image and status of the "sedan bearer" in the eyes of the living. Later, Zhu Zaiyu continued to improve it, changing the daytime performance to the night, changing the bridal sedan chair to the fire sedan chair, and changing the original cloth sedan chair to the yarn sedan chair. Candles were placed around the sedan chair, and the top of the sedan chair was inset with a dragon head that could spray colorful flames, symbolizing the prosperity of fire and wealth, and symbolizing the prosperous life of the people in the year.
[27]
In addition to the continuous improvement of the form of performance, the content is also rich. Zhu Zaiyu widely used his folk dance, accompanied by his improved Guanhe
suona
The percussion instrument uses the drum score in the "Golden Drum Sutra". He also composed his own "awakening words" and "rational words" into tunes for artists to sing in the performance. In 2008, The State Council announced the high fire sedan as the first batch of national level
Intangible cultural heritage
Expand the project list.
[29]
-
Maths
Zhu Zaiyu was the first to use the square root of the abacus calculation and worked out the equations of the series.
[30]
In the world, it was the first to solve the first term, the last term and the number of terms of the known geometric series, and solved the decimal conversion of different decimal systems, some of which are still used today.
[8]
-
metrology
Zhu Zaiyu made extremely detailed investigations and experiments on the measurement system, the relationship between ancient money and weights and measures, etc. Especially, his research on the changes of weights and measures system in the past dynasties has been influential until today. He proposed a series of calculation methods and formulas for tube port correction, and also accurately measured the mercury density.
[31]
-
Astronomical calendar
Zhu Zaiyu thought that the calendar at that time was not very accurate in calculating the length of each year. After careful observation and calculation, he found a formula for calculating the length of the tropic year. In 1986, experts verified Zhu Zaiyu's calculations for the years 1554 and 1581 using modern high-tech measurement methods, and found that Zhu Zaiyu's calculated length value for 1554 was only 17 seconds different from today's calculation, and the difference for 1581 was 21 seconds. This cannot but shock the world, and even experts and scholars in Europe and the United States are amazed. He was the first in Chinese history to accurately calculate
Peking
The geographical location of the people (39°56 'N, 116°20' E).
[32] 31 -
Zhu Zaiyu textual analysis of eight-tone Musical Instruments [25]
In the nineteenth year,
cinchane
After rejecting the King of God, Zhu Zaiyu begged to give the title to his brother of the same clan. His behavior caused a great shock in the court and the people called him "the inhuman man of Tianhuang".
[33]
.
It is said in the History of Ming Dynasty that he was "a man of great learning and supreme character". During the period of "Xige alone", he devoted himself to writing; After recovering the status of the son of the world, he still focused on learning and wrote books, leaving a wealth of works for posterity.
7 [8]
He carried out the square root and open square calculation on the abacus, and obtained the solution of the geometric series, which was the first
Twelve-equal law
Proposed "reducing pipe theory", designed and manufactured the chord and law pipe; He founded the "dance study" and drew a large number of dance scores; He invented the method of fixing the ruler, which accurately calculated the geographical position of Beijing and the geomagnetic declination Angle, as well as the length of the tropical year and the specific gravity of mercury. He is a musician, musical instrument maker, dance scientist, he is also a mathematician, physicist, astronomy and calendar, in art, philosophy, literature also made amazing achievements. He is an encyclopedic scholar born in the soil of Chinese traditional culture. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyu won many world firsts for China. Chinese and foreign scholars honor him as "a real world historical and cultural celebrity."
[3]
Famous British scholars
Joseph Needham
Zhu Zaiyu is "the first creator of equal-temperament numerals in the world", and his "works have been highly appraised". Needham called it a "Chinese Renaissance sage." The year 1997
Jiang Zemin
Visiting the United States
Harvard University
In his speech, he once praised three scientists in Chinese history who had made outstanding contributions to mankind, among them Zhu Zaiyu.
[21]
[34]
"The Former Site of the Yuefu of Zheng Fan", published by The State Council on June 25, 2001
National key cultural relics protection units
. locate
Qinyang City, Henan Province
Midsection of Borough Street. The memorial Hall is divided into four exhibition halls, introducing Zhu Zaiyu's life and achievements. There are a large number of stone inscriptions and inscriptions in the hall. There are Zhu Zaiyu figures in the middle of the memorial hall, and a large suona model modified by Zhu Zaiyu is displayed next to it.
[35]
Zhu Zaiyu: A Scientific and Artistic Superstar in the Ming Dynasty
