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Capitalized amounts, with numbers
Lower case
Correspond with
Digital consonance
The Chinese characters indicate the amount again to prevent tampering.
- Chinese name
- Amount in capital letters
- Foreign name
- Amount in Words
- Brief introduction
- Number writing mode
- plot
- East Asia
- rationale
- Use homophone characters to replace numbers
- Be common
- China
Capitalized amount Both capitalized numbers are
East Asia
A region-specific way of writing numbers, using homophone Chinese characters instead of numbers to prevent numbers from being altered. According to research, uppercase numerals were first invented by Wu Zetian and later improved by Zhu Yuanzhang.
The use of capital sums began in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang because of a major corruption case at that time"
The case of Guo Huan
And issued a decree, which clearly requires that the numbers of accounting must be changed from "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand" to "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred (Mo), Qian (Qian)" and other complex Chinese characters to increase the difficulty of correcting the account books. Later, "Mo" and "Qian" were rewritten into "hundred and Qian" and have been used ever since.
Amount in capital letters
In March, the 18th year of Hongwu (1385 AD),
Servant of the Ministry
Guo Huan
A huge corruption case in the East window shocked the whole country. Guo Huan colluded with the minor officials of the six departments of punishment, rites, soldiers, and industry, as well as the provincial bureaucrats and landlords, and engaged in corruption
Tax grain
And fish salt, folding meters more than 24 million stones. That's about the same as the whole country
Autumn grain crops
The total number of seizures is flat! On top of that, they embezzled a lot
Precious currency
Gold and silver.
Corrupt officials are the use of blank books to do the article, the ministries collude, big
False account
. To deceive the emperor and prey on the people. Zhu Yuanzhang Longyan was furious and ordered to put Guo Huan and other six twelve senior officials and left and right attendants below
accomplice
Tens of thousands, all executed. There are countless people who are imprisoned, charged, and accused.
In order to fight corruption, Zhu Yuanzhang also formulated strict laws to punish economic crimes; And in the financial management of technical prevention, the implementation of some effective measures. The Chinese characters that record the numbers of money and grain "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand" are changed to uppercase, and "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand" is one of the important ones.
Zhu Yuanzhang was an orphan born as a sharecropper, he begged for food, worked as a monk, and beat
Miscellaneous duties
I know the sufferings of ordinary people. He hated the way corrupt officials skimmed off the people. Therefore, they also developed iron and blood means that are more vicious than the treatment of the enemy - "stripping grass", in order to suppress these people by torture
borer
. Provisions: Any county magistrate or county magistrate (including officials of the same level of the court) who has taken more than sixty-two pieces of silver shall be sentenced to be hanged in public according to the amount of money embezzled.
Put to death by dismembering the body
Death to death
Nine clans
. Then they had to "peel the skin of the grass" - a bag of sandalwood grass made of human skin of corrupt officials, hung high next to the court, which was said to "imperial law to steep form, punish one police hundred."
Emperor Taizu of Ming
The move can be described as"
Iron and blood policy
", appalling! With modern eyes, it is simply too barbaric and cruel, but it reflects his hatred and hatred for corrupt officials! The people all clapped and applauded.
Number of counts
Character usage
Uppercase, is used since ancient times until
The Republic of China
Only after liberation did some accounts gradually switch to Arabic numerals. So, when did the use of uppercase numbers originate? "
Put words into words
Mr. Hou Jialiang's article "The Origin of Capital Numbers" published in the 12th issue of 2004 said: "In order to fight corruption,
Zhu Yuanzhang
Penalties have also been instituted
Economic crime
The strict laws and regulations
Financial management
On the technical prevention, the implementation of some effective measures. The Chinese characters that record the numbers of money and grain 'one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand' are capitalized and the words' one, two, three, four, five, six, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand 'are one of the important ones." That is to say, counting with capital numbers originated from Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.
Is the above statement reliable? According to the relevant information, not so. The use of capital numbers can be traced back to nearly seven hundred years at the latest, and the initiator should put forward the Tang Dynasty, which was full of reform spirit
Empress Wu Zetian
. She was the only empress who dared to invent her own words; Her name
Wu Zhao
The word "Zhao" is the proof of this. According to the
Late Ming and early Qing
The famous scholar, the author
Gu Yanwu
It can be seen that "Dai Yue Guan Image Record" is a stone tablet set up by the Tian Dynasty, with capital numbers on it. Gu Yanwu researched and said: "All the numbers as one, two, three, four, Wu, Lu, seven, eight, nine, etc., are changed by the Empress of the military and self-made characters."
Uppercase numerals were used not only on steles but also in poems after the reign of the Emperor. Tang famous great poet
Bai Juyi
Song edition
Bai's Changqing collection
In "On the camp request Le Weibo and other four soldiers but keep this field of affairs" there is such an account: "The monthly cost of its army, the actual amount of money two hundred eighty thousand." Among them, "two", "ten", "lacquer" and "eight" are all capital numbers. Gu Yanwu said this "lacquer" word, Ben
Ought to do
"桼", more than three points are added by later generations. After "lacquer" is shortened to "seven", and then shortened to "seven".
By about the Song Dynasty, counting numbers used in government documents had to be capitalized. Scholars of Song dynasty
Cheng Dachang
In his book, "Play Fanlu · Ten numbers to use painting characters", he wrote: "Today's government documents where the number of their number, all take the same sound and paint more use it. In the case of one, two, three, four and so on, this is not a number, is to take the words of the same, so as to use, expensive dot painting can not be changed into rape ears."
All the relevant accounts mentioned above fully prove that the use of capital numerals was in the reign of Wu Zetian, which has been more than 1,300 years ago, and it did not start in the period of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, as Mr. Hou said.
No matter what
Arabic numeral
(1, 2, 3...) , or the so-called Chinese lowercase digit (one, two, three...) Because the strokes are simple, they are easy to be altered and falsified. Therefore, the figures on general documents and commercial financial instruments should be used
Chinese character digit
Uppercase: one, two, three, four, five, Lu, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand (" million, billion, trillion "itself has been more complex, less opportunity to use, there is no need to use other words instead). For example, "3564 yuan" is written "three thousand five hundred land four thousand yuan". The creation of these Chinese characters is very early, used as
Uppercase digit
, belongs to false. This complex way of writing numbers, as early as the Tang Dynasty has been fully used, and later gradually standardized into a set of "capital digits".
Basic digit
Digit lowercase digit Uppercase digit Another way to write uppercase digits
0 Zero (○) Zero
One at a time
Two two 弍
Three three 弎
Four four premises
A surname
Six continents
Seven seventy-seven
Eight eight eight
Nine nine nine
multiple
Digit lowercase digit uppercase digit pronunciation
Ten ten
Twenty, twenty, twenty nian
Thirty thirty thirty sa
40 forty 卌 xi
100 hundred
200 two hundred 皕 bi
One thousand, one thousand.
Numbers in Chinese characters are not uppercase or lowercase. "Uppercase number" is actually 10 homophones of "lowercase number", "uppercase number" originally had a different meaning, some used, and some were lost and forgotten in the long river of history.
One: Single-minded
If a gentleman teaches with all his heart and a student studies with all his heart, he will soon be successful.
Two: Treason, mutiny
The woman makes no mistake, but the man's behavior is inconsistent.
Three: Another way of writing "participate", join, receive
Four: act recklessly
Wu: In ancient times, there is a saying that "five people are companions"
Land: Flat land that rises above water
Eight: a harrow without teeth for gathering grain (with teeth, eight without teeth)
Nine: The black stone
Thou hast given me the wood and the plums, and I have given Jonjo in return.
Pick up: pick up.
Chinese capital amount number application
Regular script
Or fill in the line, such as one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion, yuan, corner, minute, zero, whole (positive) words. If the amount number is used in writing
The traditional Chinese character
Such as two, land, billion, million, round, can also be.
If the Chinese capital sum ends in "yuan", the word "whole" (or "correct") should be written after the "yuan", and the word "whole" (or "correct") may not be written after the "corner". If the capital amount number has "fen", the word "whole" (or "positive") is not written after the "fen".
The amount in Chinese capital should be marked"
RMB
The word "whole" (or "right") is not written after the word "cent" in capital amount numbers.
The Chinese capital sum number should be marked with the word "RMB" before the capital sum number, and the capital sum number should be filled immediately following the word "RMB" without leaving a blank. If the word "RMB" is not printed before the capital amount, it shall
filling
The word "RMB". In sum of bills
Settlement document
The fixed words "Thousand, hundred, ten, ten, thousand, hundred, ten, yuan, Jiao, min" shall not be pre-printed in the capital amount column.
