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Tajik nationality
It belongs to the Indo-Mediterranean type of the European race, the national language is Tajik, including the two major dialects of Selecul and Wakhan, and belongs to the Indo-European Iranian Pamir language branch.
Most of the Tajiks live in Central Asia, mainly in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and other countries and regions. The Tajiks in China are mainly concentrated in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, Xinjiang.
The Tajik ethnic group is the majority ethnic group in Tajikistan, making up 80% of the population, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan.
China Statistical Yearbook -2021
The number of Tajiks in China is 50,896.
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- Chinese name
- Tajik nationality
- Religious belief
- The Shia branch of Islam - The Ismailis
- Species of man
- Europa species Indo-Mediterranean type
- species
- Tajik
Tajik nationality
As for the meaning of the word "Tajik", there are ancient Arab tribes "Tai" and "big food" and the 11th century Central Asian Turkic people's name for the Persian-speaking "Tat" people.
But the word "Tajik" is believed to come from the word "Taji", which means "crown" in the Tajik language
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The origins of the Tajiks can be traced back to the Iranian-speaking tribes of the eastern Pamir Plateau in the centuries BC. These tribes were distributed in many places south of the Tianshan Mountains in our country from a very early time. In the 11th century, Turkic nomads referred to the Iranian-speaking, Muslim peoples of Central Asia as "Tajiks". Since then, "Tajik" has gradually become the national name of the people of this region. Historically, the Tajiks, who have lived and multiplied in the vast areas of Xinjiang since ancient times, and the Tajiks who migrated from the western Pamirs to the east and settled in Tashkurgan at different times, are the ancestors of the Tajik people in China.
More than two thousand years ago, Zhang Qian passed through the Western regions, and the Western Han Dynasty set up the "Western Regions Capital protection" in the Western regions. The Iranian-speaking tribes of the eastern Pamirs established administrative affiliations with the Central Dynasty. After Zhang Qian's trip to the Western Regions, envoys and merchants to Dayue's and Benin's countries continued to pass through Pamir. Pamir became the only way for east-west traffic on the ancient Silk Road, which made the economic and cultural exchanges between the Tajik and Han ethnic groups more and more frequent, and promoted the development of the ancient Tajik society.
In the second and third centuries, the ancestors of the Tajik people living on the Pamir Plateau established the kingdom of 朅 Pantuo. The word 朅 Pantuo means "mountain road" or "flat ground among mountains" in Eastern Iranian. 朅 Pantuo, located at the Kongdao Pass on the Silk Road, served as a bridge between the East and the West for economic and cultural exchanges.
朅 The Pantuo State has left a profound influence on the history of the Tajik people in our country. According to Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty and other historical records, 朅 the Pantuo State dug channels, built water conservancy and vigorously developed irrigated agriculture in Tashkurgan and its surrounding areas at that time; Building stage-houses and providing free lodging for travellers to keep the Silk Road open; Castles and cities were built, and social and cultural development was considerable. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the country was most powerful, and the capital was surrounded by 12 castles for about ten miles. At that time, 朅 Pantuo built more than 10 monasteries, monks up to 500 people, the king also relied on force, from the neighboring countries to "invite" one of the famous monk child known as the "four days of the sun", and built for him "a high and wide platform, Buddha like majesty" temple, making 朅 Pantuo became the Theravada Buddhism center in this area. 朅 Pantuo inherited and developed the close relations between the various departments of the Hunling Mountains of the Han Dynasty and the Central Plains. Even during the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties formed after the division of the Central Plains, the Pantuo State sent envoys many times to travel thousands of miles to contact with the Northern Wei and Liang Dynasties and contribute local products. In the early Tang Dynasty, 朅 Pantuo was under the jurisdiction of Bomi Prefecture, under the control of the Parthian Capital, and had a closer relationship with the central Government.
朅 Pantuo Kingdom existed for about 500 years. During the Kaiyuan period (713-741) of the Tang Dynasty, the Tubo forces reached the Pamir area. 朅 King Pei Xing of Pantuo Kingdom surrendered to Tubo. Since then, in order to strengthen the western frontier, the Tang Dynasty set up the "Onion Ridge Guard and capture" under the jurisdiction of the Anxidu Defense Office in the Kaiyuan period to guard the Pamir Plateau and implement effective jurisdiction. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Tashkurgan was called Selecur, and 朅 Pantuo's descendants also became Selecur.
After the Mongol conquest of Central Asia, Selecur, along with a large part of Central Asia, became part of the Chagatai Khanate. As a result of several wars and frequent raids by nearby separatist forces, the Tajik population of Selekur has dwindled, and most of it is scattered in the mountains and valleys, where few animals are herded and small plots of land are cultivated, and economic development has stalled. In terms of religious belief, it was similar to the nearby residents, who generally converted to Islam and joined the Ismaili sect of Islam by the 11th century at the latest. During the Ming Dynasty, the Yerqiang Khanate, which ruled the vast area of southern Xinjiang, sent Achimbok to Selecur, and the Selecur region became part of the Yerqiang Khanate. After the dissolution of the Erqiang Khanate, the social life of the Tashkurgan region and the Tajik people was seriously damaged due to the frequent wars, and many people were displaced from their homes, displaced from their homes, production and poverty.
In the early 17th century, Selakul was part of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, which was founded for the descendants of the Chagatai Khan. Due to the relatively stable social environment and the gradual development of the population, there are many small villages in the center of Selecour. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Ismaili sect of Islam, the "Izhan" Seytiri, became ruler of the Selakul Tajik region with the support of Chagatai descendants.
In 1759, the Qing government put down the rebellion of the Great and the Great and the Great and the Great, and implemented the military government system in Xinjiang, and set up the General Yili to govern Xinjiang, and the western Kashgar and Pamir areas were directly under the control of Kashgar Counsellors. Selecur along the Ming old name, divided into Selecur Hui Zhuang. Like other areas in southern Xinjiang, it exercised restraint, and five to seven pinberks were appointed by the minister of Yerqiang to manage local administration. In 1884, when Xinjiang was established as a province, the Burke system in southern Xinjiang was abolished, and the "Puli Division of Defense and Judgment Office" was set up in Selecur by Shache Prefecture. After the Revolution of 1911 it was changed to Puli County. Puli Court has jurisdiction over 27 villages, each of which is appointed by a local upper class person to act as a "township contract" to manage the whole village.
The Tajik people have a glorious tradition of defending their motherland. In the 18th century, the Khohan Khanate near Pamir repeatedly harassed and plundered the Selecur region. In the winter of 1836, the Haokhan invading army invaded Selecul, and Achimbuk Kurchak led the troops to fight bloody battles, was killed by the Haokhan invaders, and gave his precious life to defend the territory of the motherland. Taihong, a long poem celebrating the national hero, is still sung among Tajiks.
In 1865, Agub, an officer of Haohan, invaded Xinjiang and established the Zhedshar Khanate, an aggressive regime. Agub sent his henchman Ashanxia to "pacate" Selkur and put the Tajik people on strict guard and brutally repressed them. Many Tajiks were forced to flee to places such as Wakhan and Bukhara. Many of the inhabitants were deported as criminals by Agub to Pazyar and Shache, north of Kashgar.
In 1877, the Qing government sent Zuo Zongtang to recapture Xinjiang. Using the momentum of the Qing victory and the demands of the Tajik people to expel the invaders, the former Selecur returned to the village of Akimbuk, killing Ashanxia and reclaiming Selecur. The Qing government awarded Iribu blue Ling five products to the crown, and administered the former Selecur Huizhuang jurisdiction, as well as nine Kirgiz nomadic areas northwest of Seler.
In 1891-1894, Tsarist Russia, in collusion with the British, brazen partition of Pamir, and attempted to occupy Tashkurgan. In order to defend against the continued invasion of Russian and British imperialism, the Tajik people should be recruited to form the "Selakul Suiyuan Return team", and the flag officer stationed in the local area also serves as the commander and Achimubok serves as the general outpost, responsible for defending the place. Many Tajik herdsmen voluntarily moved to the border Ka and Mingtiegi near Jeskam in the south of Tashkurgan, where they have been cultivating and guarding the border for a long time, serving as a border guard.
In 1938, the representative of the Communist Party of China in Xinjiang suggested to the then Xinjiang provincial government that in order to consolidate the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan, it was necessary to stop the illegal activities of imperialists on Xinjiang soil. Therefore, from 1938 to 1940, two CPC members, Xu Liang and Hu Jian, came to work in Tajik pastoral areas, serving as the head of Puli County and the head of the frontier brigade respectively, leading the Tajik people in the anti-imperialist struggle, developing the economy and culture, and improving people's lives. In 1942, Sheng Shicai completely defected to the Kuomintang, the Communists were forced to leave, and the Tajik people fell into misery again. On August 22, 1945, the Tajik and Kirgiz people launched the Puli Revolution against the rule of the Kuomintang and successively conquered Puli, Yeccheng and Zepu counties. The Puli Revolution effectively matched the three regional revolutions, dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang's rule in southern Xinjiang, and wrote a glorious page in the history of the Tajik, Kirgiz and other ethnic peoples. In June 1946, the revolutionary government of the three districts fulfilled the terms of peace talks signed with the Kuomintang government and disbanded the Pu Li Revolutionary Army. The Kuomintang troops and officials re-entered Puli, hunted revolutionaries and innocent people, arrested and killed more than 4,000 people, and severely damaged production and life
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According to 2010
The sixth national census
Statistics show that the total Tajik population in China is 51069
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Islam had been introduced to southern Xinjiang since the end of the 10th century, and the Tajik people had accepted Islam earlier. The Tajik ruling clique also exploits religious privileges to extract the blood and sweat of the working people. The Tajiks originally practice Sunni Islam. At the beginning of the 18th century, the two feudal aristocratic groups were competing for power, and with the rise of Selitshali, who called himself the "holy descendant" and "Yizhan" of Muhammad, the Tajik people converted to the Ismaili sect, a Shia sect. This sect preaches the worship of the religious leader "Yizhan". The position of "Yizhan" is hereditary and has great privileges for believers. Although there are few mosques in Tajik areas and few religious activities such as worship and fasting, religion is closely related to the life of the Tajik people. Religious professionals "Kazi", "Aram", "Hailipai", etc., are in charge of religious laws, hosting festival activities, chanting services and other activities to blackmail believers. "Yizhan" travels once a year, and the believers routinely send "gifts" such as money to livestock to show their piety. And make a "contribution" of one-tenth of his annual income. In addition, a large amount of land occupied by the master and the "Yizhan" is also cultivated by the believers without compensation. The burden of various religions generally amounts to more than one-third of the annual income of each herder household.
Whether in pastoral areas or rural areas, various exorbitant taxes and corvee are numerous. In particular, from 1947 to 1949, Tajik herdsmen in Tashkurgan were forced to pay more than 3,000 sheep and millions of pounds of firewood to the Kuomintang government every year. In order to make horseshoes, the KMT army also stripped the Tajik areas of iron, and in many places there was only one trowel-cutting device left in the whole village, so that the Tajik people had to use wild sheep's horns and wooden plows to plow, and agricultural production was artificially set back by several centuries. In Tashkurgan, on the eve of liberation, animal husbandry production declined sharply, the total number of livestock was reduced by half compared with 1942, about 50% of the livestock households had less than 20 animals, and 20% of the livestock households had only one or two goats or no livestock at all. Before the founding of New China, there were only 7,000 Tajiks left in Tashkurgan. The Tajik people, who have suffered so much, look forward to liberation day and night.
In December 1949, the five-star red flag was planted on the snow-capped Pamir Plateau, and the Tajik people began a bright and happy new life. In 1954, Tashkurgan Autonomous Region was established, and in 1955 it was transformed into an autonomous county. In other Tajik settlements, Tajik townships have also been established. From 1954 to 2004, nine people's congresses were held in the autonomous county, and Tajik representatives accounted for more than 80 percent of the total number of deputies to each congress. At each session of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region, representatives of the Tajik ethnic group were also elected members of the Standing Committee at the fifth session of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region. From the Third National People's Congress to the present, Tajik deputies have attended every session of the National People's Congress to discuss state affairs. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of Tajik cadres has been growing. In 1953, there were 44 Tajik cadres in Tashkurgan County, of whom only 6 were above section level. By the end of 2004, the number of Tajik cadres in the county had reached 729, of which 103 held positions above section level, accounting for 67 percent of the total number of cadres above section level in the county
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According to the geographical characteristics of the Pamir Plateau, which has mountains, valleys and water, the Tajik people take advantage of the natural conditions of abundant pasture and water resources in Pamir to graze livestock on the alpine pasture and plant crops in the valley farmland, forming a pattern of combining agriculture and animal husbandry with simultaneous agriculture. Villages and farms of the Tajik ethnic group are scattered in large and small valleys around 3,000 meters above sea level. Animal husbandry production and the agricultural economy of extensive cultivation and low harvest have formed a state of scattered villages, and the distance between households is also far. Every spring, Tajiks sow highland barley, peas, spring wheat and other hardy crops, drive their herds to the alpine grasslands for grazing in early summer, and return to their villages for harvesting and wintering in autumn, repeating the cycle of living a semi-nomadic and semi-settled life.
Before the Qing Dynasty, the social and economic development of the Tajik nationality was relatively slow. As early as 朅 Pantuo, there have been irrigated agriculture, wool spinning and felt 毼 and other handicraft industries, but due to historical reasons, the animal husbandry and agricultural production of the Tajik people are relatively extensive, and the production level has been stagnant in a relatively low state for a long time. Due to the lack of iron, the large horns of Pamir wild sheep have been used to plow the fields. In the early Qing Dynasty, the trade exchange between Selakul Huizhuang and Kashgar, Yerqiang and other places gradually developed, and a certain amount of grain, cotton, iron and other production and daily necessities were imported into Tajik areas every year. In particular, with the help of the Han, Uyghur and Kirgiz people, the Tajiks have made rapid progress in improving farming methods, building water conservancy, processing livestock products, breeding yaks and big-tailed sheep, and other technologies.
At the end of the 17th century, the nobles and leaders who ruled Selecur forced the Tajik people to pay taxes and serve unpaid labor, and carried out feudal exploitation. Soon, the religious forces of the Ismaili sect of Islam and the feudal forces were integrated, and the religious upper echelons were given the seal of approval by the Qing government and appointed as Berks. They took charge of justice, taxation, civil affairs and other affairs, and gradually formed a hereditary feudal ruling group with Burke as the main body. In addition to the "maintenance fee" issued by the court on a seasonal basis, the Berks at all levels, which had the nature of feudal lords, also awarded a number of tenants ranging from a few to dozens of households "Nokhan" (Tajik, slave) according to their ranks. The "Noquin" family served Burke all their lives, cultivating land, herding livestock, and doing household work for Burke. In addition, some Burks kept slaves "Dunganlik" (Tajik for people bought like livestock). The restraint of the Qing Dynasty endowed the Tajik feudal nobility with various political privileges. At the same time, the Qing government ruled the Tajik people through various levels of burks. Therefore, the Berks all use their power to oppress the people and run amok. For generations, Klimu, who had served as Selecur Achimubok (equivalent to the local administrative officials at the county level), in order to expand the manor, by virtue of his political power and power, he even used a paper document to transform more than 40 herdsmen in Xiaotong Zhuang into "Yangchek" who had no personal freedom and no household registration and were similar to serfs. Under feudal rule and oppression, the Tajik people could not develop their production, lived in extreme poverty and had no political rights.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Tajik people who lived in Puli mainly engaged in animal husbandry and had small amounts of agriculture, living a semi-nomadic and semi-settled life, grazing in the mountains after spring sowing, and returning to the village in autumn for harvest and winter. The level of livestock and agricultural production is very low, and the self-sufficient natural economy can only provide a small number of livestock and animal products in exchange for food, tea, cloth and other necessities of life. The polarization of the rich and the poor formed by the heavy feudal oppression can be fully explained from the situation of the possession of the means of production. The vast majority of poor Tajik herdsmen have only a small number of animals that are not enough to maintain a minimum standard of living, and some even have nothing at all; A few wealthy herders not only own countless yaks, camels, horses and sheep, but also occupy large pastures and good fields. In Tashkurgan, for example, in 1925, the local 834 Tajik herdsmen had a total of 43,171 sheep, an average of more than 50 sheep per household, however, the richest one had 900 sheep, and the poorest one had only 8 sheep, a difference of more than 100 times.
In Tajik areas, the means of exploitation used by herdsmen and wealthy herders are mainly hired labourers. For every 100 sheep a shepherd usually earns only one sheep and one lamb for half a year. Some shepherds give their livestock to poor herders, and for 200 sheep, they can only get the milk and hair of 20 ewes a year. The owner of a large number of livestock not only occupied the common pasture of the whole village, but also exploited the tradition of "clan mutual assistance" to extract the labor of poor herdsmen. Under the cover of relatives and villagers, poor herdsmen have to adhere to the shepherd and rich shepherd, and engage in production labor and housework such as herding, milking, and making dairy products for the shepherd all the year round, in order to exchange some milk for subsistence. After the establishment of Xinjiang province, Burke above the county level was abolished in all places, except the Archimbok of Selecur, which still existed until more than ten years after the Revolution of 1911, was abolished. Therefore, it was not until 1925 that Yancek was exempted from unpaid servitude, restored to freedom, and obtained household registration.
The Tajik people living in Shache, Zep, Yecheng and other places are settled in agriculture, and the vast majority of them are landless and poor farmers. Land is concentrated in the hands of a few landowners, such as one Tajik family in Zep County, which occupies as much as 4,500 acres. Most of the Tajik poor, like the Uyghur, Hui, Han and other ethnic peoples, suffer from the heavy exploitation of land rent and water rent by the landlord class, which owns a large amount of land and monopolizes water resources. In these areas, "farming" was the main form of exploitation, whereby the landowner gave the land to a "neighbor farmer" for cultivation, who deducted the costs of seeds and oxen, and then split the harvest. At the same time, the peasants had to work on the land directly managed by the landlord for about 60% of their working days, and their family members were also required to do various housework for the landlord without compensation. It can be said that the tenant farmer is not very different from the serf, only a little personal freedom
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Historically, the Tajiks once practiced Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and other religions. These two religious cultures still survive among the Tajik people today. Around the 10th century, the Tajiks began to practice Islam. In the 11th century, at the persuasion of the famous Tajik poet and Ismaili preacher Nasser Khosru, he began to practice Ismaili, a branch of Shia Islam. The Tajiks have few religious practices and few mosques. Some elderly people worship twice a day at home, and the general public only worship on holidays.
In Tajik villages, there is a "Jamaa Tihana" (meeting place), whose structure and layout are different from that of a mosque, such as there is no niche for the imam to stand in, but there are niches on two walls where the imam's portrait is hung. When religious activities are held in Gamal Aithana, non-believers are not allowed in.
The main texts of the Ismailis are "Jasen" and "Sur". During prayer, say, "Muhammad, I am thinking of you! Ali, I'm thinking of you!" 101 times, kowtow once, repeat the praise five times. Devout believers recite the rosary with rosary beads, and cherish the rosary beads.
Tajik believers belong to a number of Yizhan. Yizhan, appointed by the Aga Khan, enjoys a special status among Tajik believers. The office of Yizhan is hereditary, there is no diocese. Each of them has a number of nautical agents to act as their agents in various places. They preside over religious ceremonies and other religious activities at weddings and funerals in their villages.
The worship of Maza is also an important religious activity of Ismailis. Maza is the tomb of the Ismaili "Holy people", or the place where the "holy people" lived. Around the masha were many long wooden poles, huge wild sheep's horns, and pebbles of various colors
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Tajik clothing is dominated by cotton-padded jackets and jackets, and there is no obvious seasonal change of clothing. Adult men usually wear a black velvet "Toomak" hat, embroidered with several fine patterns and a lace, the hat is sewn with a fine black lamb skin, the bottom of the hat rolled up to expose the fur, and teenagers wear the same white hat. The "spit mark" hat is very suitable for use in the highlands and mountains, and can be folded when the weather is warm, and lowered to protect the ears and cheeks when the weather is cold. In summer, Tajik men wear white embroidered Sheida hats. Men wear more pullover shirt, cover black 袷袢 (long jacket), embroidered belt, winter plus coat and no cloth fur coat.
Tajik style
The Tajik herdsmen's diet consists mainly of milk, meat and pasta; Farmers eat mainly pasta.
Herdsmen are good at making milk products, such as ghee, yogurt, milk bumps, milk skin and so on.
Food to cook more food, to "grab meat" (stewed mutton), "Xianer kailun qi" (milk boiled rice), "Xianer Teliti" (milk boiled scones) and so on as good food. Love to drink black tea. After the tea is boiled, milk is often added to make milk tea
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In Tajik villages, most of the houses are square, flat-roofed, wooden and stone structures. The walls are made of stone and turf, thick and strong. Top with branches and spread with soil mixed with wheatgrass straw. The door opens to the east, usually near the corner. Top central skylight, ventilation and light. The largest living quarters within the courtyard walls are called "Seranyi", with livestock sheds and kitchens, and some have guest rooms and storerows. Due to the heavy snow on the plateau, although the interior is relatively spacious, it is relatively low, surrounded by earth kang, elders, guests and juniors live on the side, and the earth kang is covered with felt for sitting and sleeping. The stove is on the opposite side of the door, and behind it there is a small storeroom for oil, meat, dried fruit and grain.
Herdsmen graze their animals in the mountains in summer, living in yurts or building mud huts in pastures
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Pack animals such as horses, yaks, camels and donkeys are important means of transportation for Tajiks. Yak has the reputation of "the boat of the plateau", it plays a very important role in the transportation of the plateau. Herdsmen herding or traveling long distances, generally riding horses, the harness is basically homemade, many Tajik competitive activities are related to horses, such as sheep, horse racing, horseback shooting and hunting
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In Tajik families, the birth of a baby is a great event. Those who give birth to a boy, to fire three shots or shout three times, wish him grow up heroic and promising; When a girl is born, she puts a broom under her head and wishes her good housekeeping when she grows up. Upon hearing the news, relatives and friends should come to congratulate the baby and sprinkle some flour on the baby to show good luck. Boys are circumcised when they are 6-7 years old; Girls have their hair cut at 1-2 years of age
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The Tajiks have a fine tradition of respecting women. If you go to a family to visit, or to participate in a wedding, funeral, worship, etc., the host will be the oldest woman among the guests as the most distinguished guest, enter the door to ask her to advance, others according to the first woman after the man, the first big after the small order to enter. In the indoor kang of Tajik people, the right side is the upper seat and the left side is the lower seat. After the guests enter the kang, the female guest sits on the right, the male guest sits on the left, and the oldest female guest sits first on the right. If a sheep is slaughtered for the guests, the plate containing the delicious sheep's head and tail should be placed first in front of the oldest female guest to show respect.
The Tajiks value solidarity, friendship and mutual help. In the countryside, the mutual cooperation in production and life is not limited to the extended family or relatives, but the help of everyone in a difficult family, mainly manifested in the mutual help of neighbors, taking turns for herding, cooperative farming and the "change of workers" without prior conditions.
The Tajiks are a polite and hospitable people. To the guests whether close, old, young and ethnic, all visitors and lodging passers-by, strangers are warm hospitality
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Tajik folk literature includes legends, stories, poems, etc.
Poetry is the most important form of oral literature, people often touch the scene in a variety of occasions, impromptu singing, the more famous "Eagle", "White Eagle", "Gem of wisdom", "Lixl", "All kinds" and other "Markham" (big songs). Some of these poems expressed dissatisfaction with the rulers, while others expressed longing for the future life.
Most of the stories and legends take love as the theme, which is full of strong romantic color and people's emotions and hopes for beautiful things
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Tajik belongs to the Pamir branch of the Iranian language family of Indo-European languages, which includes the two major dialects of Selecur and Wakhan.
Selecul is the main spoken language of daily communication among Tajik residents of Tashkurgan, spoken by about 30,000 Tajiks and spoken by about 10,000 Wakhan.
Due to frequent people-to-people exchanges, many Tajiks speak both Uyghur and Kirgiz, and generally use the Uyghur language. The Tajiks are the only people in China who speak the Iranian language
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The eagle is a symbol of heroes in Tajik folklore, and the eagle dance is mostly a duo dance. During the dance, the dancers bend their knees and shrug their shoulders to simulate the movements of the eagle, such as flying, turning and circling. The movements are vigorous and strong, and accompanied by instruments such as the eagle flute and tabla
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The three major Tajik festivals are Eid al-Adha, Eid and Eid. In addition, there are unique Xiao Gong Bahar Festival (Spring Festival), Pirik Festival (Lantern Festival), Zuwuer Festival (water diversion festival), Tihemu Zuvasti Festival (sowing festival) and so on.
The Xiao Gong Bahar Festival in March is a three-day festival to welcome the beginning of the year. At that time, every family will clean the dust and sprinkle beautiful patterns with flour on the wall to show blessing. On this day, people put forward the "Xiao Gong" (the leader of each other's festival) to lead the families to congratulate and wish the next year's harvest. Then, everyone began to visit relatives and friends, each other's festival. Women dressed in beautiful and generous clothes, waiting in front of their homes, sprinkle white flour on the left shoulder of visitors to show good luck. During the festival, every family will prepare rich food for visitors; Young people sing and dance, and hold horse racing, sheep, wrestling and other activities. After the festival, people begin to prepare for spring farming.
Pirik Festival falls on the first two days of the eighth month of the Islamic calendar. Before the festival, every family makes "Kawuri" grass torches (grass wrapped in cotton and covered with ghee); In the evening of the festival, the whole family each lights two small homemade ghee candles, and prays together before the candles, asking for heaven's blessing. Every family has someone on the roof to stick a fire stick on a long pole to call good luck. On the night of the festival, from the mountain village to the ranch, the village torch is lit, everywhere is singing and laughing, people have fun all night. The next day, the families went to sweep the graves.
Tihemuzuvasti Festival means "Sowing festival". At that time, families go down to the fields to symbolically plow and sow, and splash water on each other to celebrate
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The Tajiks practice monogamy. Intermarriage within the race.
Marriage generally goes through many processes and ceremonies such as mate selection, proposing, betrothal, marriage, etc. The proposal is called "Kudagli", usually by the man invited neighbors or relatives of the elderly to bring gifts (clothes, jewelry and a sheep) to the woman's home to propose. If the woman agrees to propose marriage, it is indicated by kissing the other's hand. The two parties then agree on a wedding date. An older woman from the male side meets the future bride alone and puts a ring on her finger and a red scarf around her head to signify that the girl is in a relationship. The wedding ceremony is very grand, generally choose in August, September autumn high grass, cattle and sheep fat season, both men and women should be wide banquet guests. After marriage, the bride wears a string of white buttons in her braids to distinguish herself from the girl.
Most Tajik couples live forever together
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Tajik funeral in accordance with Islamic regulations first "clean the body", then wrapped in a white cloth, cover the clothes of the deceased, but the head and feet should be exposed, indicating all peace. On the night of the wake and the day of the funeral, relatives and fellow villagers should come to pay their respects and accompany them, but women should not approach the cemetery.
The male preeminence of the funeral is also reflected in the depth of the tomb, which is about two meters deep for men and only about the chest for women. According to tradition, the body of a Tajik who dies in a foreign country must be returned for burial
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