手工艺品_百度百科

handmade Craft in our folk has a long history of production, yes Chinese nation The treasure of culture and art, she is famous at home and abroad with its long history, exquisite skills, rich categories, handed down masterpieces, thousands of years of tradition handicraft Products are always a major representative of the Chinese nation Characteristic industry . Traditional arts and crafts are not only cultural works of art, but also daily necessities, which are closely related to people's lives. It is indeed a very strange phenomenon that fashion handwork is so popular and prosperous in modern cities. Some people say that this is because of nostalgia, is a kind of remembrance of the past handmade days; Others say that this is because modern cities curb people's hands-on opportunities, fashion handicraft has become a means for parents to improve their children's hands-on ability; Others say it is purely a mood, a way of self-relaxation, self-indulgence.

Feather embroidery made by hand

In the pursuit of personalization today, handmade craft with its unique Artistic charm Decorative and practical performance, manual freewill fun, has been irresistible popular around us, she permeates into all aspects of our lives like the wind, bringing huge market prospects.

handicrafts (5 photos)

Today, with the continuous development of science and technology, machines act as Tools of production Has been decreasing people's Manual labor ; ever-growing corpuscle computer Not only does it perform mathematical operations accurately, but it can also put a Language and writing Translated into another language, instead of people's Mental work . The emergence of modern robots can not only replace human hands to operate dangerous work or experiments, but also make use of it Artistic creation . Such as writing, painting, embroidery with it... In the near future, all the works of art created by human hand will gradually be replaced by scientific and technological products such as electronic computers. So, in the past, ceramics, weaving, which were closely related to people's lives, Paper binding Toys... The art of hand-making, slowly no one knows. With the impact of modernization, traditional craftsmanship is slipping away from us. With it, there is also the communication between people and things, the harmony between life and nature. Today, daily necessities and crafts are full of things, but there is no body temperature and feelings left by the producer...

handicrafts (7 photos)

handmade Arts and crafts It is the producer's art, it comes from the people, serving the people has always been practical and aesthetic integration, with the dual nature of material and spirit, not for Pure art Phenomenon. Folk arts and crafts are rooted in the most basic level of society, in different nationalities, different regions Endless life And built a solid foundation Popular culture It has had a profound influence on other cultures and arts.

Folk handicrafts It means folk Working people In order to meet the needs of life and aesthetic requirements, local materials, to Manual production Mainly a kind of arts and crafts. There are many kinds of handicrafts, such as Song brocade , Bamboo weaving , Straw plaited article , Hand embroidery , Blue calico , batik , hand-made wood carving, Oiled paper umbrella , clay sculpture, paper-cut , Folk toy Let's wait. Due to various regions and ethnic groups Social history , customs, Geographical environment Different aesthetic views, handicrafts in different places have different styles and characteristics, fully demonstrating the style of Chinese handicrafts.

handicrafts (6 photos)

Wood block New Year painting grey paper horse Iron picture Baking eggs, feathering pictures Wheat straw painting Kang paintings Folk artist painting Temple fresco Interior painting

Paint and blow sugar figures Sugar painting

Clay sculpture Dough modelling Sugar plastic Wax sculpture Ou sculpture Ash sculpture

Stone carving wood carving brick carving Bamboo carving Shell carving Bone carving Horn carving Ivory carving Egg carving Carve the roots and skin of the fruit Nuclear carving Refined coal carving Porcelain carving Cork picture Miniature carving

Inkstone puppet shadow play

Pottery, porcelain, lacquer, materials, jade, cloisonne Stone Bay doll

Coloured glaze Metal technology mortise Stone relief Portrait brick

batik tie-dye pigging Blue calico

Embroidery brocade weaving plait Fabric art

Paper art paper-cut kite light color fan The umbrella

Facial mask

Chinese knot

I do not know when, modern people and the ancestors at that time of the popular accessories from the bottom of the box to find out again, and then according to the gourd painting, plus more ideas, more embellish, so, the color of the silk woven into a thick thin tape, a totem pattern of small rings, graceful pendant, all of which constitute a beautiful strange Chinese knot . It's amazing Red rope There are so many things you can do. Don't look down on this small Chinese knot, but the sentiment and wisdom it shows is a side of the ancient Chinese civilization, which is a kind of interest for people to pursue random and pray for peace.

"Knot" is a rope braided ornament, it is the same with our country Fabric art Embroidery is also known as the three major handicrafts of the motherland. It is plain, dignified and elegant. Speaking of Chinese knot can be said to be a long time, its history runs through the human history, the long cultural precipitation makes Chinese knot permeate the unique and pure cultural essence of the Chinese nation. "Rope" and "God" homophonic, Chinese culture in Formative stage I used to worship rope. According to the text:" Nuwa The lead rope is in the mud, and you hold it up like a man." Because the ropes were convoluted serpentine The Chinese are descendants of the dragon, the image of the dragon god, in Prehistoric times , is to use knot Changes to reflect. "Knot" is also a expression of strength, harmony, full of feelings of the word, giving people are a kind of reunion, intimacy, warm beauty. "Knot" and "auspicious" homophonic, "auspicious" is the eternal pursuit of human theme, "knot" this vitality of folk art is also a natural act Chinese traditional culture The essence of the prosperity of the long term, handed down to the present.

embroidery

Also known as silk embroidery, it is excellent in China National tradition One of the handmade crafts. According to... A surname Written four thousand years ago Uniform system On the provision of "clothes painting and embroidery"; Also in The Book of Songs There is also a depiction of "plain clothes and embroidery". The trend of advocating embroidery clothing in the Song Dynasty has gradually been widely popular among the people, which also promoted the development of Chinese silk embroidery technology. Embroidery in Ming dynasty Has become a very Expressive force The works of art have successively produced the so-called" Four famous embroideries 's Suzhou embroidery , Guangdong embroidery , Hunan embroidery , Sichuan embroidery . Among them, Suzhou embroidery and Kesi silk are the most famous.

Hand embroidery is a famous traditional Chinese handicraft Chinese arts and crafts The history of Occupies an important position on. Hand embroidery and sericulture, reeling It's inseparable. China is the first country in the world to discover and use silk, and people began to raise silkworms and reeling silk four or five thousand years ago. With the use of silk, Silk goods The production and development of manual embroidery technology has also gradually risen, according to the Chinese history book "Shang Shu" records, more than 4,000 years ago, the "chapter clothing system" stipulated clothing. Painted clothes and embroidered clothes It can be seen that in China four or five thousand years ago, hand-embroidered goods have been widely popular.

Oiled paper umbrella is one of the traditional handicrafts of the Han nationality, as a kind of paper or cloth umbrella originated in China, also passed to Asia Places like Japan, Korea, Vietnam , Ryukyu , Thailand , Laos And developed oiled paper umbrellas with local characteristics in various places. With the continent Hakka Moving to Taiwan and settling down, Chinese oiled paper umbrella also took root and developed in Taiwan. In addition to being a daily item to shield the sun from the rain, the oiled paper umbrella is also an indispensable item for marriage and wedding etiquette. Chinese traditional wedding When the bride gets off the sedan chair, Woman matchmaker She would cover the bride with a red oiled paper umbrella to ward off evil spirits. Japanese traditional wedding The bride will also be covered by a red oiled paper umbrella. Oiled paper umbrellas were also used in ancient Ryukyu weddings. Old people prefer purple umbrellas, which symbolize longevity, and white umbrellas are used for funeral procession. Traditional Japanese dances also use oiled paper umbrellas as props, Tea ceremony Some must use "fan umbrella" when performing.

In the religious celebration, it is also often seen that the oil-paper umbrella is supported on the God sedan as a shelter, which is the meaning of its perfection, as a symbol of people to shelter the sun from rain and ward off evil. At present, there are many umbrellas in daily use umbrellae Oiled paper umbrellas are mostly used as artwork and tourists souvenir Sell.

Chinese kites have a history of more than two thousand years. traditional Chinese style Auspicious symbols of harmony can be seen everywhere on the zheng Auspicious pattern The shadow of... In the long years, our ancestors not only created beautiful words and paintings that embody the wisdom of the Chinese nation, but also created many patterns that reflect people's yearning for and pursuit of a better life and imply good luck. Through the pattern image, it gives people the meaning of happiness, auspiciousness and blessing; It integrates the appreciation habits of the masses and reflects people's kindness and health Thought and feeling , permeating our country National tradition And folk customs, thus widely flowing in the folk ^[2]

Iron painting in Wuhu

Iron picture , also known as Work of iron , Anhui Wuhu It is one of the unique handicrafts of China. Iron painting Mild steel As raw materials, the iron sheet and iron wire forging and welding into various Decorative painting . It will Folk paper-cutting Various artistic techniques, such as carving and inlaying, are integrated and adopted Chinese painting Composition, black and white contrast, Combination of virtual and real And have another interest.

The production of iron paintings originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular The Northern Song Dynasty (960-907) . Qing Dynasty Kangxi Year, Anhui Wuhu Iron painting became its own thing, and gradually became famous all over the world.

Iron painting is made with iron as the ink, anvil as the inkstone and hammer. The varieties of iron painting are divided into three categories: one is a large small scene, mostly with pine, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, eagle, etc., as the theme, this kind of iron painting is framed, hung on the white wall, more dignified and eye-catching. The second category is Festoon of lanterns Generally composed of 4 to 6 iron paintings, pasted with paper or plain silk, burning silver candles, dazzling and breathtaking. The third type is screen, mostly landscape, simple and elegant, magnificent.

Wuhu Be on the verge of Yangtse River , convenient transportation, has been China's four major rice markets One, iron smelting industry has been very developed since ancient times. well-developed Iron metallurgy And superb forging skills, for Iron painting in Wuhu The creation provides the innate foundation and conditions.

Wuhu iron painting with hammer as pen, iron as ink, anvil as paper, wrought iron as painting, uncanny workmanship, natural charm. Wuhu iron painting is famous for its long history, unique style, exquisite craftsmanship and superb skills. Iron painting begins with Late Ming and early Qing The Kangxi years, by Wuhu iron works Tangtianchi It has a history of more than 340 years and has been forged with Wuhu painter Xiao Chimu. Wuhu iron painting originated from Chinese painting and has The New An School The basic artistic characteristics of thin, concise and cool style are pure manual forging art. It is made of iron, smelted by a red furnace, and then forged, drilled and lifted Pressure welding , file, chisel and other skills made. Having both the charm of Chinese painting and sculpture Three-dimensional beauty It also shows steel pliability and ductility Is a unique style of art.

Furnishings and cultural gifts and other five series of more than 200 varieties, with its distinctive artistic style and charm, unique in the art world.

The state attaches great importance to Intangible cultural heritage Protection, May 20, 2006, Wuhu iron drawing forging skills Approved by The State Council to be included in the first batch National non-material Cultural heritage directory . 5 June 2007, by the State Ministry of Culture Yes, Anhui (Province) province Wuhu municipal Yang Guanghui For the cultural heritage project representativeness And was included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.

Cloth art, the art of cloth, is China Folk craft A magnificent flower in China.

Ancient Chinese cloth art mainly includes embroidery, cross-stitch, applique Let's wait.

There are many stitches for embroidery Needle laying , Plain stitch , loose needle, punch, buckle, Pan gold , braided embroidery, lockwork Let's wait. Embroidery in different regions, customs are also divided into different styles and schools. Southern region the embroidery The history is longer than the north, the technology is higher than the north, and the style is delicate and elegant; The northern needle is thicker and the color is bright.

Cross stitch also known as cross-stitch In accordance with the strict requirements of the fabric warp and weft lines, pick and embroider equal distance, equal length of the cross, arranged into a variety of patterns of embroidery forms, there is a unique deformation auspicious Geometric pattern Decorative style. It does not hurt the fabric when embroidering, and can strengthen the wear resistance of the fabric. This stitch method is suitable for clothing, handkerchief , headscarf, loincloth , door curtain, curtain Such practical articles, is the earliest widely spread in embroidery of a stitch.

Applique flowers are small pieces of different colors of fabric splicing into a variety of patterns of embroidery, also known as "make-up flowers". We used to wear them for children in ancient times." All kinds of clothes The custom, that is, to collect various colors of cloth from the neighbors to make children's clothes, take hundreds of protection and protection of peace.

Sewing and embroidery in the Chinese people is called" needlework ", industrious and intelligent Chinese women Pour your beautiful feelings into the needle sewing, the style or delicate, light clean and elegant; Or bold and bold, bright colors, creating countless touching fabric works.

The folk cloth art in ancient China is mainly used for the decoration of clothing, shoes and hats, bed curtains, hanging bags, backpacks and other small pieces (such as turbans, headscarves, etc.). Perfume bag , fan belt, Pocket (for carrying money, etc.) Handkerchiefs, etc.), toys, etc. These daily necessities are not only beautiful and generous, but also enhance the strength and wear resistance of the fabric.

"The picture must be intentional, the meaning must be auspicious." Chinese folk cloth art often uses some symbolic graphics. Flowers, insects, birds, plants, etc., express the author's good wishes for good luck and avoid evil; The old people's supplies use the theme of "Fu, Lu and longevity" to wish the old people health and longevity; Children's products commonly used tiger ," The five poisonous substances "( Scorpion , snake, centipede , gecko , Toad ) and other patterns, in order to avoid evil, hope that children are as strong as small tigers; Newlywed couple supplies like to use Mandarin ducks are splashing in the water Lian (Lian) gave birth to your son, carp Fish nao Lian (symbol of marriage harmony) pattern, looking forward to a happy family, more children more happiness; The girl gave her lover a promise sachet In the shape of a butterfly dancing And lotus flower The pattern implicitly expresses the secret hidden in the girl's heart, and the needle and thread are soaked with love.

Chinese fabric has been passed down from generation to generation, showing the author's understanding and desire for life, and pouring people's endless wisdom into it Artistic characteristics .

Ivory sculpture of a lady

Has always been recognized as a high-end luxury, the relevant information shows that as early as Ancient times Our ancestors have taken advantage of it Tooth Angle Make a variety of simple ornaments to dress up themselves and beautify life. Our archeologists have worked in Zhejiang (Province) province Yuyao Hemudu cultural site Ivory unearthed Carved designs A small cup, an ivory bird spoon, Silkworm pattern Ivory carving The circulars are the earliest we've seen so far Ivory carving Work. Since then, with the continuous improvement of the ancestors' real life and cognition, as well as the Quality of life The unremitting pursuit, the shape and use of tooth carving has also changed fundamentally from simple to complex, and the carved tooth corner works are not only exquisite and delicate, but also have a wide range of themes, and their craft has also reached a very high level. Until the Tang Dynasty, the ivory carving became more and more exquisite and perfect, showing its own unique artistic style and new carving techniques. One of the engraver is original in the Tang Dynasty, so far, The Japanese Shokura Courtyard Also treasured "Tang Dynasty" erythrodontia Picking ruler ", "Green teeth picking ruler", "red teeth picking Lute. plectrum ". In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tooth carving process is more exquisite, especially in Qianlong During this time, a large number of artisans and masters emerged, and local schools of dental carving were formed in Suzhou, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai and other places. Suzhou tooth carving Elegant and mellow, with small pieces schoolware Mostly, the subject matter source is quite extensive, known as "Suzhou sample, Guangdong craftsman". Beijing tooth carving Delicate and vivid, by the palace "Ruyi Hall" jade craftsman, folk also has a professional workshop. Guangdong tooth carving fine and neat, exquisite, its material out of southern Yunnan, Western Guangdong There are also professional processing, more production of combs, hairpins, rings, fans and literary plays, etc., which are drawn Foreign culture At the same time, in the technical innovation, the work has both National culture The connotation, but also has the western cultural style, and "industrial agglomeration industry essence, spread Boudoir "is known throughout the country.

Bamboo carving

Bamboo carving Also known as bamboo carving, is to carve a variety of decorative patterns and characters on bamboo objects, or use bamboo roots to carve into a variety of furnishings, the main methods of engraving are Yin line, intaglio Round carving, transparent carving, deep relief or High relief Let's wait. In the early period of bamboo carving, the decoration of palace, figures, landscapes, flowers and birds was usually engraved on the objects. Today, some of the bamboo carvings are simple, simple and generous, and some are seiko elaborate The decoration is dense and endless. China's bamboo carving art has a long history, and our academic and archaeological circles have always believed that it is far away Ink and paper Before the invention, the ancestors had learned to use knives to carve words on pillars to remember things. This most primitive bamboo carving should precede Inscriptions on tortoise shells and bones . Bamboo carving has become an art, since the six dynasties, until the Tang Dynasty gradually became known and loved by people. Bamboo carving developed to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the exquisite carving skills beyond the previous generation, in Chinese arts and crafts Unique in history.

Bamboo carving art has high ornamental value and collection value. Bamboo carving Art market Active, collections and investments are becoming hot, and prices are rising. In particular, works carved by famous artists are more sought after.

Charcoal carving 　

Carbon carving is high performance Activated carbon As raw material, through die It is a high-grade handicraft made by many processes such as sandblasting sculpture and hand coloring. On the basis of maximizing the retention of the activity of activated carbon, carbon carving has been given Artistic value . Not only can Effective protection You and your family stay away Indoor air pollution You can also decorate your home.

Carbon carvings adsorbability Harmful gas : benzene (C6H6), formaldehyde (CH2O), toluene (C6H5CH3), methane (CH4), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorine ( Cl2 ), ammonia ( NH3 ), radon (Rn) and other chemical gases and smoke and odor and other unclean gases, maintenance Human health The purpose of air purification, none Secondary pollution .

Wood carving golden toad

China Woodcarving crafts Art can be traced back Primitive society At that time, there were many crafts that had begun to take shape. By the Warring States Period, woodcarving It has been developed from the simple engraving and engraving of carved plates in the pottery process of the Shang Dynasty to the three-dimensional circular carving process. Han Dynasty animal wood carving with whole wood carving system, will China Wood carving art Pushed to a peak. During the Tang and Song dynasties, wood carving became more and more perfect. Wood carving in the Ming and Qing dynasties is the mature era of Chinese classical wood carving art, and the works are very rich, in addition to animals, and people.

Wood carving crafts classification

Wood carving crafts are one of the favorite and collected art categories in China Art history Occupy an important seat in the Senate. There are many kinds of it, Classification method Also not unified, in all kinds of wood carvings, fully show the three-dimensional beauty and skill created by environmentally friendly materials and processes. According to experts, wood carving can be divided into two categories: craft wood carving and art wood carving.

Wooden carved cow

Craft wood carving can be divided into ornamental and practical two kinds. Ornamental refers to the works of art displayed and arranged on tables, tables, tables and shelves for people to watch. It is made of three-dimensional circular carving Process technology Carved, like birds and beasts, Flowers, birds, fish and insects , Marine organism , zodiac Etc.; Practicality refers to the use of wood carving technology decoration, practical and artistic combination of artworks, such as Palace lantern , Picture frame , pen holder, pen holder, Casket , Piggy bank And furniture carving and so on.

Artistic wood carving usually refers to ingenious conception, profound connotation, and can reflect the author Aesthetic standard and Artistic skill The works fully reflect the interest of wood carving art and the beauty of environmental protection materials. Art wood carving is the product of the sculptor's mind and hands, and it is also a work of art that decorates, decorates, beautifies the environment and edifies sentiments, which has high ornamental value and collection value. Such as our common root carving.

Local features of wood carving

low Dongyang wood carving

Carved wooden elephant

Dongyang wood carving is famous in history, ranking first among the four major wood carving in China. Dongyang wood carving artistic strong, it is based on relief technology, design to take Scatter perspective , bird 's-eye view perspective composition, full layout,

Scattered but not loose, many but not chaotic, distinct layers, prominent themes, strong story, and thus loved by collectors.

low Boxwood carving

Chinese box wood Carving is named for the wood carved from boxwood. The international influence of boxwood carving is huge, as early as the beginning of this century, Zhu Zichang Such as the creation of "hide and seek" and other excellent works, in Nanyang Promotion Association and Pacific At the International Panama Exposition International awards Make boxwood carving sensational at home and abroad. In addition, boxwood is tough and smooth, delicate texture, with ivory effect, the older the deeper, Simple and beautiful . Boxwood carving techniques are rich, in addition to round carving, engrave In addition to relief, he also created a variety of techniques such as Mosaic, which has high artistic quality. Boxwood carving is mainly used for art appreciation, so the carver is very particular.

low Longan wood carving

Carved wooden rooster

longan The wood carving is based on longan tree (i.e Longan tree ) of trunk In particular, the root is the material, which is a good wood carving material with its qiu root scar knot and posture. Longan carved in wood Investment value The reason is that it wins with natural and realistic, mainly characters, but also birds and animals fruit Wood polished and waxed, approximate rosewood It is simple, stable, generous and exquisite.

low Gold lacquer wood carving

Gold lacquer wood carving with camphor wood carving, painted gold, is characterized by resplencent, beautiful technology, relief, through the flower and three-dimensional through the carving as the form of expression, through the carving meridian smooth, rich layers, exquisite carving, Three-dimensional sense Strong. Gold lacquer wood carving technology has been handed down to the present day, and its contemporary works have won many international awards.

low Southern Hunan woodcarving

Xiangnan wood carving has a kind of big clever if clumsy style, with investment value.

low Shexian County (in Anhui Province) woodcarving

Anhui antique wood carvings are famous since ancient times, and Shexian wood carvings are representative.

Chinese handicraft has an uninterrupted history of more than ten thousand years. After the development and evolution of ancient times, modern times and modern times, it is facing the test of transformation and regeneration. Metamorphosis does not mean extinction, but rebirth in a new way. However, the process of metamorphosis is a transformation after all. This fact is cruel. But the principle of survival of the fittest applies not only to the natural world, but also to it Cultural industry . We all clearly see that in the 100 years of the 20th century, traditional handicrafts have been declining from the peak period to the end of the century, has declined to a historical low point. And in the same hundred years, we have a traditional handicraft Historical evolution The collation and research of the law of development and cultural connotation are booming day by day, and have reached an unprecedented peak by the end of the century. This contrast is intriguing, but it is not surprising that they all occur with the development and progress of society. The former is closely related to the transformation and change of society and has already happened Objective fact It's not a theoretical question. The latter is in Knowledge level On the basis of the significant improvement of the level of understanding, the summary of history and the prediction of future trends, there are questions about how to combine theory and practice. This paper discusses the potential transformation factors of traditional handicrafts since modern times. Industrial society Conflict with traditional handicraft to analyze the future of traditional handicraft in the 21st century. Whether the conclusion is correct or not remains to be tested in practice.

Early 20th century, Chinese Political system and Social environment The most profound revolution in history, the overthrow of a thousand-year feudal system and the establishment of a republic; The May Fourth New Culture Movement And washed away the old with a crushing force Ideological system And old habits thus opened up Chinese cultural history the New era . However, in the midst of such a drastic social shock, traditional handicrafts seem to have little change on the surface, generally inheriting the style and skills of the Qing Dynasty, which have been strong and weak for decades. But from it with Social form , lifestyle correlation To analyze, you can see the potential factors that are about to force it to change.

(1) The market for traditional handicrafts is shrinking

In ancient China, the use of handicrafts involved almost every level of society. In the nature of "men plowing and women weaving" Economic environment In China, handicrafts provided most of the needs of society and life, from imperial gowns and ritual vessels to folk wedding dresses. Paper horse . Especially the court and the big ones bureaucracy The demand for high-grade handicrafts had greatly stimulated its production, making gold, jade, lacquer, wood, Silk weaving The skills of embroidery and other industries are at their peak. but Xinhai Revolution Caused a sudden change in the regime, made Wear a plume , Dragon robe A surname It was abolished overnight, and the handicraft with the brand of feudal rank immediately lost its market. This is one area where the market is shrinking. On the other hand, since the late Qing Dynasty, Western daily necessities have been imported into China, such as cloth, foreign oil lamps, Foreign fire , socks, Electric fan Lights, clocks and so on, gradually occupied the metropolitan market, even Empress Dowager Cixi , Guang Xu Got a piano and a couch. In 1893 (the 19th year of Guangxu), 6,325 electric lights were installed in Shanghai, and the following year, 9,091 lights were installed. Then, Beijing and Tianjin, including the Imperial Palace courtyard, installed electric lights ( Jiao Runming :" Modern Chinese cultural history "). In this way, the production of practical crafts will inevitably be crowded out.

(2) The deviation of the value understanding of handicraft

Traditional handicrafts are originally divided into two categories. One is premium (as it was later called) Special technology ). Both ornamental and collection value. One is the universal real goods, directly serving people's lives. in Feudal society High-grade handicrafts have long become the object of wealth accumulated by a small number of people, and antiquities are collected as "antiques". According to the "seizure and family property list", the He family jade library has" Jade tripod Thirteen, two feet and five inches high, Jade chime Twenty dollars, Jade Ruyi One hundred and thirty-two handles, one thousand and six of them inlaid with jade... The total value of these is seven million taels of silver." Antique toys have "twenty bronze bottles, ancient Bronze tripod Twenty-one, thirty-three bronze sea... The above total price silver eight million taels "and so on. Since the Republic of China, although practical handicrafts have contracted, the demand for high-end handicrafts has not been reduced at all by wealthy merchants and landlords and the new rich. Therefore, the value of handicrafts is obviously biased towards high-end special handicrafts. Economic value And the obvious rise of the collection value makes the practical value seem insignificant. The abnormal development of Suzhou arts and crafts from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China is an example Rosewood furniture , Jade carving , jewelry, Sandalwood fan Embroidery for the bulk, basically are special crafts.

(3) The creative concept of handicraft is difficult to keep pace with The Times

The creative concept of modern traditional handicraft has long stayed in the style of Qing Dynasty, and there are many reasons for it. First, the succession of father and son masters and apprentices from generation to generation has made skills and styles stylized and difficult to reverse. As... Kaogong Ji "He who knows creates things, and he who is skillful describes them; Keep the world, called the work." Second, modern times Cultural transformation the unbalance So that traditional crafts can not quickly close to The Times. Early in the last century, when Southeast region And the metropolis has appeared more suits at a time when the outlying areas are still giving girls Foot binding In society, there is a mixture of ancient and modern, Chinese and Western phenomenon, traditional handicrafts seem to be at a loss. Some people feel that the world has changed and strive for the market with innovation, such as Jingdezhen Porcelain bottle On the fashion figure painting. Some people are in curiosity And can not lose the traditional concept, resulting in non Central Africa Western hybrid style. Such as Dongshan in Suzhou Carved building There are both Chinese auspicious stripes and twenty-four filial carvings, and Roman capitals and Renaissance style The carving, disorderly. Only the embroidery has undergone a more complete transformation unconsciously. Embroidery was mainly practical in ancient times, and the "Lu Xiang Garden" in Ming Dynasty. Gu Embroidery He created the craft of embroidering imitation paintings and spread widely. At a time when practical embroidery is declining, the craft is thriving, but it is no longer embroidery in the traditional sense. Third, high-end crafts that are high above real life are originally collections and playthings that are used for appreciation, and antique imitation is the top quality, which can naturally ignore social changes. In short, modern traditional handicrafts are on the borderline of changing and unchanged, seemingly changing and non-changing, indicating that an unstoppable wind of transformation will sweep across China.

In the second half of the 20th century, China's economy has been up and down, while traditional handicrafts have been up and down, which will inevitably cause us to ponder: what does such a "difference" mean? It means that in an industrialized society, traditional handicrafts are bound to undergo transformation Objective law . There are many factors contributing to this transformation.

(I) and Market economy Incompatible Mode of production

In the 1950s and 1960s, traditional handicrafts experienced a rare revival period. Under the direct guidance of government departments at all levels, Collective ownership Instead of the scattered individual workshops, the establishment of arts and crafts colleges and two ways to cultivate successor talents. The economy of planned foreign trade leverage Under the Economic system In the process of changing to the market system, many factories were unable to sustain themselves and even closed down. The individual workshop has gradually emerged, handicraft production is mainly manual, product design and production can be completed one by one, and industrial mass production is completely different, often due to the material application of technology. The system of centralized pipelining and graded wages has drowned the initiative of individual creativity. Big mess In the new economic system is bound to get into difficulties. The result is a large number of real goods produced by industrial mass production, such as Domestic ceramics Furniture; A small number of special crafts are carved by the workshop, such as jewelry, Gold and silver jewelry Wait, there's polarization.

(2) Products divorced from the way of life

The more direct reason for the decline of traditional handicrafts in modern times is the separation from the life style of industrialized society. From the 1950s to the 1970s, although the life of the Chinese people was simple, it actually had a serious tendency of "Westernization". monotonic Western clothing , simple Western-style housing, stationary bicycles, Steam locomotive Let's wait. In addition to exchange foreign currency, traditional handicrafts have been far from people's lives. Since the mid-1980s, the life of the Chinese people has moved from "subsistence" to "comfortable" and "affluent", and the trend of Westernization has accelerated. Living environment Improvement, popularization of household appliances, expressway The expansion of private cars, Information industry The rapid development has made people's value To read, Aesthetic concept The concept of time and space has undergone fundamental changes, and the needs of clothing, food, housing and transportation mainly rely on industrialized products, cheap and high-quality. Although the price of handicrafts rises, but "high and few." There is a female entrepreneur who has invested heavily in the establishment of a rosewood museum, and how many people can do so? It can be seen that the modern way of life and cultural atmosphere will inevitably result Traditional culture The contraction of the material level, which is difficult for any nation to get rid of this law.

(3) The misunderstanding of "bringing forth the new from the old"

Traditional handicraft has never been static in the long historical development process, but has always been in the "change" with The Times, and thus formed a rich and diverse historical style. Can the modern "innovation" bring it back into line with the trend of The Times? Two attempts at innovation in the 1970s show that this is very difficult. In the farce of the "Cultural Revolution", traditional crafts appeared under the influence of "model operas" Direct reflection The climax of a certain plot of revolutionary theme or "model drama" can be called the innovation of "model drama style". This kind of innovation is basically ruled out Art law . With the end of the Cultural Revolution, this innovation came to an end. In the late 1970s, a hundred things were waiting to be done, and in order to revitalize traditional handicrafts, another" Renaissance style The innovation attempt is to advocate the revival of the "Han and Tang style" and "Dunhuang style". He wants to get rid of the shackles of Ming and Qing styles for decades, and draw nourishment from classical art to make it have a broader field of creation. However, this disguised retro in the 1970s and 1980s is difficult to receive the expected effect, the two "innovation" encounter there are deeper reasons, one is the difference in understanding of traditional culture. The diversity of Chinese traditional culture goes without saying. However, the traditional handicrafts in the minds of ordinary people are often fixed in the style of Ming and Qing dynasties, not only because they are directly related to modern times, but also because there are many relics of Ming and Qing dynasties, such as architecture, gardens, furniture, calligraphy and painting, opera, novels, etc., which are integrated with handicrafts into a classical culture Scenery line Formed a set of understanding. The art of Han, Tang and Dunhuang, which is highly appreciated by experts, is strange. Suzhou Hanshan Temple A replica Tang Pagoda was added, which is regarded by many as "Japanese style". If you blindly revive, even if the artistic standard is very high, it is difficult for most people to appreciate. Second, improvement cannot save traditional handicraft. The above two kinds of "innovation" are to maintain the skills and materials of traditional handicrafts. Technique of expression Under the premise of extreme integrity, it only switched on the theme and made local improvements. It has been proved that in the modern society, traditional handicraft or in the established style shows the profound history; Or the separation of skill and style, through the re-combination with modern elements, can be integrated into the environment of industrial society, so as to obtain "regeneration".

In the 21st century, Chinese tradition There are probably three kinds of crafts Way of living . One is the inheritance of the whole. In addition to a few naturally occurring species, there are also Cultural ecology The high degree of artificial protection of the best breeds and masters, so that they are not lost. One is the combination of traditional craftsmanship and modern style, that is, modern Aesthetic consciousness To re-create traditional handicrafts and make them modern Living environment Be compatible with, as Modern pottery Its changes in shape, glaze, painting and texture are consistent with Modernist school And the art after modernism has a thousand connections. One is to separate style from craftsmanship and combine it with modern materials and techniques. There is only the transplantation of styles, no inheritance of skills, forming a modern style that looks like ancient but not ancient. Like western cut Chinese style clothing The new trip is made into a fake buckle, and the group flower can be cut damask Substitute, etc. This form can be deposited in both the Chinese people National feeling And can adapt to the modern environment, the vitality will be very tenacious. Among the above three types, the latter two are characterized by the separation of style and skill, from which we can easily see the law of "transformation - regeneration" of traditional handicrafts.

(1) Separation and transplantation of form and ideological connotation

The ideological connotation of traditional handicraft is very rich, and it is difficult to sum up in a word. But fundamentally speaking, it has something to do with Chinese traditional culture Hierarchical concept Worship heaven and worship ancestors Religious thought The cosmic thinking of heaven and man induction, the sense of inheritance that never forgets the origin, and the folk tradition of warding off evil spirits are integrated. However, the social change often forces the traditional handicraft form to be separated from the spiritual inner phase, or to inject new ideological connotation into the old form, or to express the old thought in the new form. Typical of old forms with new connotations Beijing Palace Museum From the Royal Sanctuary to a museum, Jiangnan garden from Private garden It became the People's Park. In addition, we often take Peking Opera facial makeup , Nuo opera mask As decorative phenomena, it is no longer important what roles or gods they are, what is important is that they reflect the charm and style of Chinese national culture. modern Wear jade Just for luck, who remembers Confucius What about the teaching of the gentleman to compare jade with virtue? The so-called combination of old connotation and new form refers to the use of modern methods to reflect ancient ideas and thoughts. Another example is Yin and Yang Five elements It is said to be a very ancient concept of the universe. In traditional handicrafts, the four gods representing the four sides are the most intuitive reflection of this concept. 2001 Series of "Art and Science" seminars poster " metal, wood, water, fire and earth... (See Decoration, No. 4, 2001 Inside back cover Just use brand new ones Visual image The concept of five elements and five colors. by Tsung-dao Lee The creative sculpture "The Way of Things" (see the color page of the fourth issue of "Decoration" in 2001) is a modern work with the connotation of "Yin and Yang embracing each other".

(2) Separation and transplantation of form and skill

The formation of Chinese traditional handicraft style first depends on the ideological connotation. At the same time, material and process uniqueness are also important aspects. As a cultural heritage, style and skill are always a whole. But in order to integrate into modern society, we cannot but separate them. Because the materials and techniques bring both unique styles and limitations, it is impossible to make jade carving as elaborate as toothcarving. The modern society does not attach importance to the economic value of jade and ivory, but needs more ornaments and supplies that are not expensive and change with the wind. If the formation and skills of traditional handicrafts are separated from the fixed relationship, there is room for re-creation. Such as Soft sculpture Show the pattern of painted pottery, with carpet performance Han Dynasty stone relief Using large-scale wood relief imitation jade carving is a successful attempt. In turn, use Traditional skill Reflecting new subjects is also a kind of transplantation, and the modern pottery mentioned above is a model. However, not every subject matter is suitable for Traditional craft . There is an exhibition, using the techniques and procedures of small clay figures to make large color sculptures of modern figures, changing advantages into disadvantages, and it is difficult to succeed.

(3) Separation and transplantation of form and practicality

Traditional handicraft used to be closely connected with the past life, and some products served the life at that time, which had a strong practical value. In the modern lifestyle and Human settlement environment Their practical value is also reduced and even disappeared, and the separation of form and practicality is inevitable. For example, the panes of old folk houses in Jiangnan use different styles of separation to form good-looking geometric patterns. In modern architecture, this kind of wooden pane has been completely used, but in interior decoration, they are hung on the wall, or made into false Windows, but it is popular, and even the phenomenon of making new panes and doing old ones has appeared. For example, embroideries of clothing become pendants, stone grinding and peg in the yard and so on. These once very practical products have been transplanted into the decoration of ancient civilization and folklore, no longer Use value MHM. Such "metamorphosis - regeneration" can not be said to be very typical. In short, the style of traditional handicraft will be eternal, however, it has paid a high price for "regeneration", that is, the transformation of the new.

String of beads , as the name implies, that is Crystal Wood, agate, glass, amber and other texture of beads, ingenious ideas, DIY out of their own beloved jewelry, gradually developed into a major category of handmade jewelry, small beaded children, youth, middle-aged, old people have started, beaded has become a popular fashion and eye-catching Start a business and get rich One of the shortcuts.

Maybe you want to have a unique jewelry, or maybe you want to show your creativity, then make your own personal beads.

Silk screen flower also known as Silk stocking flower It originated in Japan and is called by the locals Floricularia orientalis Because the basic material for making silk screen flowers is ordinary silk stockings, it is also known as "silk screen flowers". Silk stockings flower in Japan was originally the people will be damaged to abandon the pity and leave useless stockings, cleverly conceived and created, and gradually swept all over Japan, become the new favorite of many housewives. It is made of colorful wire and silk stockings by hand. The texture is delicate, the flower shape is lifelike, like flowers in general, and the decorative effect is quite good. Diverse colors, rich colors, can very well meet the creative needs of all layers of people, to meet the individual to match flowers. Flowers do not fade easily and are as fresh as ever.

cross stitch is the use of special embroidery thread and cross cloth, the use of warp and weft interwoven cross method, against the special coordinate pattern for embroidery, anyone can embroider a kind of the same effect Embroidery method . Cross-stitch is an ancient national embroidery with a long history. Due to the different cultures of different countries, with the passage of time, the development of cross-stitch in various countries has also formed its own different styles, whether it is embroidery line, fabric color or material, pattern, are unique.

What is Non-woven fabric ?

Nonwoven fabric is also called Non-woven fabric Because it is a fabric that does not need to be spun and woven, it will just be spun Staple fibre Or the filaments are oriented or randomly braced to form a fiber network structure, and then reinforced by mechanical, thermal adhesive or chemical methods. To put it simply: it is not composed of one yarn after another, plait Together, but the fibers are directly bonded together by physical means, so when you take the adhesive scale in your clothes, you will find that you can't pull out a single thread. Nonwovens Breaking through the traditional textile principles, and has Process flow Short, fast production speed, high output, low cost, wide use, raw material sources and so on.

Hand-made non-woven fabric Production characteristics

Non-woven manual is made of non-woven manual, more and more manual enthusiasts joined the non-woven manual production, because: 1, non-woven material is special, thicker and harder than the general cloth, there will be no cotton line, convenient sewing.

2, non-woven things made of lovely and lifelike, gifts can express the mind.

3, non-woven fabrics have a variety of different colors, we can design different patterns, non-woven books, non-woven cakes, non-woven dolls, non-woven bags can be made by our hands.

4, non-woven fabrics will not be like cotton and other fabrics, will appear Rough selvedge The case, and has a certain thickness and hardness, easy to shape.

Paper vine flower intro

Paper vine flowers, as the name suggests, are flowers made of paper, and are three-dimensional. First appeared in Japan in the past two years, it is very popular in Taiwan, and it is combined with Taiwan's paper vine technology to form paper vine flowers. Paper rattan flowers were introduced to the mainland by the Taiwanese people, attracting everyone's attention with their exquisite and fashionable appearance, and many people felt incredible after seeing that it was made of paper.

Paper art In recent years, it can be said that it is popular in the world, because in addition to the cheap and easy to obtain paper materials, paper itself plasticity It is also quite tall, making it an excellent art creation material. Modern people who are immersed in too much material are gradually tired of the rigidity and similarity of machine-made products, and turn to the pursuit of individual taste and self-appeal expression. Paper art infuses intellectual beauty into modern people's busy life, and beautify our home. The most important thing is the pleasure and sense of achievement that you enjoy in the process of creating paper art. At the same time, the production level of paper art is becoming more and more professional, and has reached a sublime artistic realm. There are many types of paper art, such as paper art flowers, origami, Paper carving In particular, paper art flowers are praised as "silent poetry, three-dimensional painting".

Five characteristics of paper rattan flowers

1, paper rattan flowers pure manual, simple and easy to do: men and women can do, all manual, easy to understand, easy to make.

2, the cost of paper rattan flowers is low, the market is broad: paper crafts is a project with little investment, pure manual, do not need water and electricity, as well as paper raw materials Utilization rate Extremely high, therefore low cost; heteranthous Market demand It won't dry up;

3, experience fun, concentrated feelings: paper art full Manual operation Each piece is unique, at the same time with personal inspiration and ideas can create shapes, colors, etc.; In the production, you can reflect unlimited fun, which can be leisure, can be learning, can be used by yourself or gift relatives and friends.

4, paper rattan flower image lifelike, diverse shape: can produce a variety of flowers and other paper art, shape variety, rich color, vivid image, has a strong sense of three-dimensional, full of decoration and appreciation value;

5, paper vine flowers natural environmental protection, easy to save: environmentally friendly paper, not easy to fade, easy to absorb dust, wet, long-term preservation, no need to take care of, no adverse effects on the environment, the human body.

What is called Handmade soap DIY It was developed on the basis of traditional industrial soap do-it-yourself Handmade products. The biggest feature of DIY handmade soap is to fully meet people's increasing personalized fashion needs, whether it is shape, or color than industrial soap is rich and expressive.

DIY handmade soap is a more popular handicraft. According to people's needs, soap with different images and colors can be made. Not only the shape is novel and beautiful, but also bright and colorful, it is completely out of the image and ordinary soap Color feature It greatly meets the different needs of people in vision and decoration, not only has the function of cleaning utensils, but also can be used as a gift to relatives and friends Fashionable woman The favor of...

DIY Handmade soap It is a non-disposable consumer product that can be played and used. DIY handmade soap is not only unique Personality charm And the fun of their own creation, but also because of its mild, non-stimulating, won people's love.

The raw materials used to make handmade soap DIY are made of pure glycerin And all natural Vegetable oil Refined, has a very good moisturizing effect, the maintenance of the skin is particularly prominent, can be used as Wash the face Remove makeup, and can be used for bathing. DIY handmade soap has a delicate and rich foam that can completely remove oil from deep pores. Leaves skin moisturized and glowing, elastic . At the same time, it is a green and safe environmental protection material. DIY handmade soap can be made according to personal preferences to produce a unique fragrance, color, shape of art works, you can also make a special soap in line with your skin characteristics; It fully embodies the freewheeling characteristics of DIY.

Handmade soap DIY It integrates creative, natural, art, aromatherapy in one, using natural Plant essence Not at all Animal fat , highly imaginative artistic shapes and magical and delightful plants Essential oil , Through creativity A series of processes such as injection, molding, modification, mold, mold, packaging and so on are carefully made, and the production process of DIY handmade soap is the birth process of a piece of pleasing art. Although the utility of DIY handmade soap and everyone's daily soap is no different, but it is not only practical, but also unique viewing and fun. Therefore, it is suitable for those who like to create by themselves.

handicrafts

catalogue

intro

History and development

Existence value

Folk handicrafts

species

representative

Chinese knot

embroidery

Oiled paper umbrella

kite

Iron painting in Wuhu

Fabric art

Ivory carving

woodcarving

Disintegration and regeneration

intro

Potential metamorphosis factor

Inevitability of transformation

Path of regeneration

Modern handwork

String of beads

Silk screen flower

cross-stitch

Hand-made non-woven fabric

Paper vine flower

Handmade DIY soap