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The Jomon Period (Japanese :じょうもんじだい; English :Jomon Period) was the period of Japan
Stone Age
Later, the international academic community recognized that the Jomon period began in 12000 BC and officially ended in 300 BC,
Japan
by
Paleolithic age
enter
Neolithic age
.
- Chinese name
- Jomon period
- Foreign name
- じょうもんじだい
- age
- Late Stone Age in Japan
- Representative culture
- Kaizuka culture
- Start time
- 12000 BC
- End time
- 300 BC
- Local area
- Japanese islands
Stone implement
This period of geological time belongs to the late Pleistocene to the Holocene period, which is an important period of the development of the Japanese islands, equivalent to
World history
superior
Mesolithic age
to
Neolithic age
. Jomon era vs
Paleolithic age
The difference lies in the appearance of pottery, the popularity of vertical cave houses, and the shape of shell mounds.
There is much debate about the end date of the Jomon period, which varies widely from place to place, but it generally ends with
Yayoi culture
The emergence of the Jomon Era (characterized by stereotyped paddy farming) to announce the end of the Jomon era. In addition, in
Okinawa Prefecture
There are also the early and late Beizuka times. The early period corresponds to the Jomon period, and the later period refers to
Yayoi period
to
Heian period
. Hokkaido and the Tohoku region also have the Continuation of the Jomon period (about 3rd century BC ~ 7th century AD).
"
jomon
The word comes from the United States
zoologist
Morse's report on the excavation of pottery at Omori Kaizuka. In 1877 (the 10th year of Meiji), Mose conducted a scientific survey of the Omori Becuzuka in Tokyo
Investigation and research
. Tanabe Ryoyoshi translated it as "rope pottery", and later changed it to "jomon pottery" by Shirai Kotaro, and then it was called "Jomon pottery" today.
World War II
It was only later that the term "Jomon era" came into use. But Mr. Saki remained faithful to the word's original meaning and continued to use jomon. Rope quilt
Alien nationality
After the conquest, the Yayoi era began.
last
Ice age
After the previous peak of about 20,000 years,
Global warming
Here we go. But, about 13,000 years ago, the last one
Ice age
Known as the Late Glacial Period, cold seasons and warm seasons have exchanged over the centuries since the climate 10,000 years ago, with sudden and intense events occurring in short periods of time
Environmental change
And before that,
Coniferous forest
It covers the whole archipelago, but it's deciduous
Broad-leaved forest
Along the southwest of Japan
Pacific
The coast was increased and expanded, except for Hokkaido.
Much of the island is covered with deciduous and deciduous forests. Such as
Quercus
,
The genus Beech
Nuts of the genus and chestnut have been grown. In addition, due to global warming, vegetation changes make
mammoth
,
Reindeer
And large
mammal
The habitats of elephants and big-tailed deer (such as Nauman) deteriorated, and by then these large mammals had almost disappeared
Japanese islands
Disappeared in, pointing out the characteristics of this early stage.
Jomon Period
At the beginning of the business, the combination of stone tools varies by location, targeting vegetation caused by climate change,
fauna
And environmental changes such as coastal movements have led to the development of these tools. Based on three new livelihood systems, it has greatly improved
productivity
: Hunting, plant gathering and fishing.
[1]
Early time (about 12,000-7,000 years ago)
Japanesian
Paleolithic age
Most people are known for large mammals (e.g
elk
, the bull,
buffalo
Nauman elephant and
megaloceros
) and small and medium-sized animals, mammals (
Sika deer
, wild boar, Badge, hare, etc.) as the target of the hunt. Large mammals migrate widely according to the seasons, and because of repetition, Paleolithic people moved frequently as they pursued camp life. Hunting sites, blocks, gravel groups, thousands of charcoal concentrations have been found on the Japanese archipelago, but few archaeological sites with facilities such as pit dwellings have been found.
until
Pleistocene
Towards the end, Paleolithic people were camping and
Leisure life
There's a lot of repeated mobile life, and the Paleolithic transition from the Jomon period to the beginning of the Jomon period, the semi-settled life of people temporarily living in specific places, and settled life appears in the early Jomon period. in
Kagoshima City
The Kamigayama Site (
jomon
Early), there are 16 pit chambers, 33 flue furnace holes, and 17 rock collections have been detected. The site is distinct from the Seraeyama site and the Maeda site in its early days, and the number of pit dwellings has increased significantly, and the number of dwellings has expanded, overlapping houses, these houses and other remains located around the central square, in
Kagoshima Prefecture
Kirishima
At the Ueno Hara site, almost at the same time as the Kagrayama site, many remains were found, including 46 pit houses. Thirteen of them were due to it being Sakurajima's
tephra
Overlay, so it can be assumed that it exists simultaneously. These 13 buildings are presented
semicircular
permutation
It is therefore likely that settled villages of considerable size were already formed early on, with pit houses in the first half of the early Jomon period
Kanto region
The most prominent. To date, 300 dwellings have been found in 65 archaeological sites, a number of 300.
It's over the ridge. At the Musashitai site in Fuzhong City, Tokyo, the largest of these, 24 pit dwellings were found, with a large number of pits arranged in a semi-circular pattern.
In the archaeological sites of the early Kanto and southern Kyushu, the scale of stone food plates, stones, heating tools, and pottery used for heat treatment tools increased, as did the number of people excavated, and it was foreseeable that plant-based foods, especially nuts, were central to the food of sedentary life, in order to settle in the southern Kanto region, It is believed that not only fishing activities but also fishing activities play an important role.
On the other hand, from Hokkaido
Hakodate
Looking north at the Nakano B site, there were more than 500 pit dwellings at the beginning of the Jomon period, many pit dwellings, potholes and pits, excavating large amounts of pottery,
Stone pan
Polished stone, meteorite, stone weight, etc., the number has reached 400,000. face
Tsugaru Strait
On the plateau,
It was considered that fishing activities were active and that long-term settlement could be managed, and that, in addition,
Shizuoka
Fujiomiya City
The Wakamiya site, an early settlement village in the Tokai region, contains a large number of remains, such as 28 pit houses and 18,000 pottery and stone tools.
About this point of digging. The main difference between this site and other earlier sites is that 2,168 stone gallstones used for hunting have been excavated. locate
Fujiyama
At the foot, on this archaeological site, many ridges are formed, and the tongue-shaped plateau is continuous, which is a habitable place for mammals. In other words, at the Wakamiya site, conditions for settlement were likely to be resolved thanks to blessings and prey.
The move from a mobile life to a sedentary life brought another major change, from plants
opal
This change was found in the results of the analysis.
Semi-permanent where people live temporarily
Sexual life
The way did not lead to the development of the surrounding area, but the people of the Jomon period began to settle, and by opening up the surrounding area to deciduous forests and deciduous forests, we would be able to grow the chestnuts and trees
Walnut tree
Isosecondary forest
Secondary vegetation
Providing the environment that it was as the settlement grew, the Jomon people also influenced the so-called
brushwood
The plants around the settlement are called forest plants.
fern
Vegetables, clockwork, walnuts, crumbs,
Early Jomon period [1]
During the early Jomon Period (7,000-5,500 years ago), nine cultural districts were established throughout the Japanese archipelago.
【 Hokkaido in the eastern Ishigari Lowlands 】
In order to
Coniferous tree
(such as Matsumoto and Tiger Matsu). The biggest difference from other regions is
buckeye
And chestnuts are not distributed.
Sea lion
,
seal
,
seal
It's a cold flow type
Sea animal
There are a lot of them, and rotation has been developed
harpoon
To catch them.
【 Southwestern Hokkaido and Northern Tohoku 】
Unlike the eastern part of the Ishikari Lowlands, the vegetation is a zone of deciduous woodland. The collection of nuts such as sawtooth oak (Quercus serrata), sawtooth oak (Quercus serrata), walnuts, chestnuts and conkers was actively carried out.
The spinning harpoon also caught the sea beast, but it also went ahead
antelope
And wild boar and other hunting mammals, which is different from the eastern Ishigari.
【 North Northeast 】
Mainly used sika deer and
Boar
As animal food, as well as skip fish,
tunny
,
Shark
and
Dolphin
. Unlike the first two, this sentence
Cold sea sea hunting was not carried out because warm currents prevailed in the coastal areas.
【 Kanto 】
The cultural district is characterized by evergreen forest areas for plant food and fisheries in the inner bay, especially the shell mound, which contains about 60% of the entire Japanese archipelago
It's one thing deer and wild boar are the main land animals
Animal food
. In addition to collecting clams and clams from the sea, they ate a lot of them
Perch
and
Black porgy
.
The seafood is caught in the inner bay and caught using nets with earthenware weights.
【 Hokuriku 】
Deer, boar and
Black bear
Is the main target of the hunt. Vegetation is leaf litter
Broad-leaved tree
(
The European buckeye
, Japan
Oak
), due to health
snowfall
Big, big house
【 Tokai/Koshin】
The target of the hunt is deer and wild boar, and the vegetation is deciduous broadleaf trees, but yams and
lily
The roots are also used as food. One feature is the use of stone axes for making stones.
The target of the hunt is deer and wild boar, and the vegetation includes deciduous broadleaf trees and
Deciduous tree
(Sii, oak). In fishing, cut the weight of the stone (made by processing the stone)
Net weight
)
This can be attributed to the popularity of pottery weight technology in Kanto.
【 Kyushu (excluding Benjin and Vingo) 】
The hunting targets are deer and wild boar. Vegetation is evergreen
Forest zone
. The biggest feature is in Kyushu and
Korean peninsula
Among the pelagic fishing activities carried out on the islands, northwestern Kyushu type fishing hooks and stone saws are featured fishing gear. Built-up fishing hooks are large fishing hooks that tie multiple members together, and the same idea is very old.
It was used in Polynesia, but in that cultural region it overlaps partially with Osanuri-type fishing hooks on the east coast of the Korean Peninsula, south of Kyushu
At the end of the early Jomon period, a large-scale Kikai took place
caldera
It erupted, causing so much destruction that it was thought to have been almost annihilated.
【 South of Tokara Islands 】
Vegetation is located in evergreen forest areas.
Sea turtle
and
dugong
Can be used as
Animal protein
Eat. It also has the function of fishing in coral reefs,
Sea shell
(Such as giant clam and
Pearl shell
It is used as a heavy weight for net fishing. Exchanges were also held with the Kyushu Cultural District.
Early Jomon period
Middle Jomon Age
Late Jomon period
Late Jomon period [1]
There are so many Jomon ruins,
Sanuchi Maruyama Remains
It is the largest Jomon village found in Japan, with a large number of unearthed pottery and
Pottery figurine
There are rope patterns on the surface, so it is called the Jomon era. The culture produced in this era is called Jomon culture. The Jomon era was a hunter-gatherer lifestyle with bows and arrows as weapons, and dog graves can be found among the remains.
Japanese islands
southerly
Nagasaki prefecture
the
Fukui
Cave, Quanfu Temple cave to
Honshu
The tohoku Komesori Cave reflects the fact that the inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago were already in
Matrilineal clan commune
At this stage, the residents mostly chose to live in rocky caves or vertical caves in the coastal zone, and mainly used bows and arrows to collect and hunt
Production activity
Maintain clan life. In Hokkaido and Japan
Northeast region
In addition, the Ryukyu Islands maintain the Erwen culture and the shell mound culture.
In western Japan
Fukuoka Ken
the
Banfu site
The remains of paddy fields where rice was grown in the late Jomon period were discovered.
Jomon pottery lasted for thousands of years until the 3rd century BC, when Yayoi pottery appeared. Archeologists divide the Jomon period into
Earlier stage
There are four stages, middle, late and late. From the point of view of Jomon pottery throughout the country, in the early stage, most of them were pointed POTS, and after the middle period, they tended to be flat pans. In the later and later periods, the shapes varied widely, with the appearance of urn-shaped dishes, cylindrical dishes and earthen jars.
Earth bowl
And other supplies. The pottery color is mostly dark brown or reddish-brown, and the surface pattern is jomon pattern. Also, late Jomon, Japan
northeast
There is also a black pottery, thin and light, the surface is black after grinding, the shape is handsome and beautiful, reflecting the new period of early, middle and late different periods
Aesthetic standard
. right
earthenware
The analysis of the uses of Jomon makes us know that in addition to being used as eating utensils and storage utensils, earthenware in the Jomon era was also used for religious sacrifices and funerals.
The diversity of Jomon pottery is based on the identification of time differences and regional differences, in this respect, the diversity of Jomon pottery is meaningful. According to the type of pottery, the Jomon period can be divided into
Start-up stage
There are 6 periods, early, early, middle, late and late. In the initial study, it was only divided into three periods: the first, the middle and the last. Later, with the increase of data and the deepening of research, the early and late periods were added, and finally the initial period was added. This period is only to reflect the change in style of pottery, and the so-called middle period does not refer to the middle period of the Jomon period. The era can also be divided according to the occupation and cultural content of the writers, but it is generally customary
earthenware
The period of pattern change is divided into periods of the Jomon Era.
In this period, there was no jomon used on pottery, only the so-called long line pottery and claw pottery. They were very different from later Jomon pottery. This is of great significance to the study of Jomon culture.
In the early days
twisting
Pottery groups such as grain, rigid pattern, no grain, shell grain are represented, and these names are based on the patterns left on the surface of the pottery. Twistware is not only abundant in
Kanto region
And almost all over the country, but the stereotyped pattern pottery is only distributed between Kyushu and Kanto, and there is no place in the Northeast. Which means that in addition to being different times,
Cultural circle
It's not the same. In addition, the pottery is pointed bottom deep bowl shape, which is in common with the earliest European pottery shape.
Early pottery was mixed in the foetal soil
Organic matter
The shape of the fiber is also changed from a pointed bottom to a flat bottom or a high bottom deep bowl, and it can be seen from the pattern that the cord pattern is very developed.
Japan in the medium term
Stone Age
The Golden Age, which has
representativeness
Pottery of the Katsuzaka style. This kind of pottery has thick walls, the shape is mostly cylindrical, deep bowl shape, the edge of the mouth is particularly prominent, with decorative handles, the surface has a strong raised grain, wrapped with clay rope, giving a strong and spectacular feeling on the whole. However, most of these were unearthed in the Kanto to Central mountain zone, Hokkaido and Tohoku pottery although there are raised patterns, but not so complex, western pottery is not raised patterns.
Later, the shape of the vessel became slimmer, with the addition of injection,
pedestal
Such special-shaped pottery, and exquisite ornaments and crude pottery have a clear distinction. Late pottery in the Northeast is represented by Kameoka pottery with beautiful decoration, in
Western Japan
Plain pottery prevailed.
The hand and foot joints of the deceased are folded and buried
burial
According to the burial position, it is divided into supine burial, horizontal burial, prone burial, and seat burial. There are many reasons for the burial of the dead: to save labor in the excavation of the grave, to be buried in the shape of a baby to pray for rebirth, to use the souls of the dead to bless the living, and so on. It is generally believed that this way of burial stems from the fear of death, which is to regard the end of life as the result of the devil making people sick and even death. The fear of the devil and death is also extended to the fear of the dead, leading to the prevention psychology of the deceased. Therefore, bending burial belongs to a kind of preventing the soul of the dead from haunting and floating outward
conjuration
.
Jomon period, the main Japanese nation
Tools of production
It is still dominated by stone tools, and metal objects have not yet appeared. In the early days of jomon, stone axes were often made,
arrowhead
Stone drag, etc. "Stone axe" began to appear in Hokkaido and Tohoku. Early jomon period or
Hammering stone tool
In the middle of the jomon period, grinding stone tools gradually increased. The Kanto,
Central region
In the early and middle stages of jomon, rod grinding stone axes were popular. In the late and late jomon period, grinding "fixed Angle stone axes" prevailed.
Japan's native agriculture can be traced back to the early Jomon period, that is, 6,500 years ago, on the basis of long-term plant harvesting, the people of the mid-Jomon period have learned to sow a variety of wild plants to meet the increasing demand for food as the population increases. Late Jomon period, food structure by
zoon
,
fish
,
molluscs
Turning to crops inspired the ancient inhabitants of Japan to develop on a large scale
Agricultural production
The thirst for. Soon, rice was native to the subtropics
Food crop
It was introduced to Japan about 3,000 years ago
A surname
Area.
About 10,000 years ago,
Climate warming
,
Sea level rise
Japan was separated from the mainland and turned into an archipelago. Dogs were domesticated to hunt deer and wild boar, while bows and arrows were invented to increase the catch of game. In addition to fishing, people also gather conker seeds,
acorn
Walnuts and plants
corm
Let's wait.
People struggle to get enough food so as to have
Free time
to
Grinding stone tool
and
Fired pottery
. And expanded the range of food by starting to eat cooked food. In this way, humans could settle in a place for a long time and build vertical caves to live in. The vertical cave lives in the square as the center, several families live together, and the surrounding area is discarded
Sea shell
And food crumbs, formed
Shell mound
. But this kind of food does not last long and is difficult to cook
Surplus product
Accumulated in the hands of one man, when there was no class antagonism
Primitive society
, therefore
Not found
Sites and relics that reflect the wealth and power of a particular people.
Under the conditions of very low productivity at that time, the resources of natural production were limited, so people developed strict rules within the group
agreement
In order to protect nature, at the same time the prevalence of witchcraft, stone rods, clay figurines, and tooth extraction habits. People also pray for natural abundance. By the end of this era, especially in
Western Japan
There have been attempts to break through hunting, fishing and
Collection economy
The trend of...
