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Water resources
Natural water source available for development and utilization
Water resources are natural resources that can be exploited and utilized
Source of water
. Is a kind of important
Natural resources
. Including rivers, rivers, lakes, sea currents, underground currents and coastal harbours
tide
Let's wait. According to the needs of social development, yes
Flood control
,
Waterlogging control
,
irrigate
,
Generate electricity
,
shipping
,
Water supply
,
culture
,
catch
,
desalinate
And other aspects of comprehensive development and utilization. It broadly refers to the water on the surface of the earth that is available for human use, including the amount of water, water area and water energy. Usually refers to the renewable water body, including water outside the river and water inside the river. The former refers to the use of river water through different ways such as extraction, storage and diversion, and the latter refers to the utilization of water energy resources in the river. In a narrow sense, it only includes the above water use outside the river and water transport,
Fishery industry
,
travel
Wait for water. In recent years, water resources have been gradually replaced.
Water resources
"Replaced by the word
[1]
.
- Chinese name
- Water resources
- Foreign name
- hydro-power resources
- alias
- Water resources
- dominance
- Natural resources
- Inner volume
- Currents, subsurface currents and tides
- Characteristic point
- Environmental protection, clean, renewable, etc
Water resource is a natural water source that can be exploited and utilized and can exert economic benefits. It is an important natural resource that is indispensable for the development of national economy. Such as: rivers, rivers, lakes, mooring water flow, Wells, springs and hidden underground water sources, coastal tides, harbors and so on. Through the development and utilization of water resources, it can meet the needs of irrigation, power generation, shipping, driftwood, water supply and aquaculture
[2]
.
China is a
Water resources
Countries with a large amount. At present, China's total water resources are 2,686.8 billion cubic meters, of which
Surface water resources
(River runoff) 2,593.3 billion cubic meters, groundwater resources 839 billion cubic meters. Generally speaking, our country
Hydraulic resources
The reserves are as high as 676 million kilowatts, of which 379 million kilowatts can be developed. Our country
Inland waters
With a total area of 17.47 million hectares, 6.75 million hectares can be farmed and 4.67 million hectares has been farmed, there is still room for development.
China is located in the east of Asia, the terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and the monsoon climate is obvious. The precipitation is concentrated in season, varies greatly from year to year, and has uneven regional distribution. The annual rainfall in the southeast coastal areas is about 1800mm, and less than 200mm in the northwest inland. Water resources mainly come from atmospheric precipitation, with an average annual total of 2,810 billion meters, ranking sixth in the world. China's climatic conditions of rain and heat synchronization, abundant water resources of rivers and vast alluvial plains in the middle and lower reaches of rivers have all brought favorable conditions for the reproduction and development of the Chinese nation. But the exploitation of land and water resources is also accompanied by the struggle against flood and drought disasters. Population growth has increased the pressure on the development of land and water resources.
By the 1980s, due to the large population, the amount of water per capita was only a quarter of the world's per capita value. Especially water resources and
Land resources
There is more water but less cultivated land in the south, and less water but more cultivated land in the north. Such as the Yangtze River and areas south of it,
River runoff
83% of the country, but only 33% of the arable land; North of the Yangtze River, arable land accounts for 67 percent of the country, but river runoff accounts for only 17 percent. All these have become constraints on future development
[3]
.
The system of water resources is the basis for the effective development and utilization of water resources and the improvement of its comprehensive utilization efficiency. Water resources system includes property rights system, management system and use system. The institutional changes in the process of reform and opening up directly affect the effective allocation of water resources, the construction and use of water conservancy projects and the utilization of benefits
[4]
. For example, in January 2012, The State Council issued the Opinions on Implementing the Strictest Water Resources Management System, which is a programmatic document guiding China's water resources work at present and in the future. To solve the complex water resources and water environment problems in our country and realize the sustainable development of economy and society has far-reaching significance and important influence.
It is because of frequent floods that many water conservancy facilities have been built. These water conservancy projects have more or less played a role in restraining flood and developing water power. Among them, the most representative is the Three Gorges project.
The Three Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy project in China and the world, and is a key backbone project for the management and development of the Yangtze River. The main structure of the hub is composed of three parts: dam, hydropower station and navigation building. The dam is located in the middle of the riverbed, that is, the original main channel, flanked by the power station dam section and the non-overflow dam section. The hydropower plant is located behind the dam section on both sides of the power station. Permanent navigable buildings are located on the left bank. The river dam is
Concrete gravity dam
The dam axis length is 2309.47 meters, the dam top elevation is 185 meters, and the maximum dam height is 181 meters. There are 23 flood discharge deep holes, the bottom elevation is 90 meters, the deep hole size is 7×9 meters, its main function is to discharge flood. The dam section of the power station is located on both sides of the dam and has a power station water intake. The maximum flood discharge capacity of the hub can reach 102,500 cubic meters per second. The hydropower station adopts the layout scheme of the dam behind, and there are two groups of power plants on the left and right. A total of 26 units were installed
Water turbine generator set
The rated capacity of a single unit is 700,000 kilowatts. Navigable structures include permanent locks and ship lifts. The permanent lock is a double-line five-stage continuous cascade lock. The effective size of the single stage chamber is 280×34×5 meters, and it can pass through the 10,000-ton fleet. The ship lift is a single-line vertical lifting type, which can pass a 3,000-ton passenger and cargo ship at a time. The total weight of the ship is 11,800 tons when it is in operation, and it is lifted by fully balanced wire rope hoisting with a total lifting force of 6,000 Newtons.
The Three Gorges project has comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation and shipping.
The Three Gorges Project is an important project to reduce the flood disaster in Jinghu area, and the flood control storage capacity is between 7.3-22 billion cubic meters. In the case of a flood like that in 1954, if the embankments meet the requirements, the Three Gorges can reduce the flood diversion by 10 to 15 billion cubic meters, and the Jingjiang River to Wuhan section still needs to divert 35 to 40 billion cubic meters of flood. In case of 1998 flood, it can be effectively defended. The Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River can effectively stop the once-in-a-century flood.
Installed capacity (26+6) × 700,000 (18.2 million + 4.2 million) kilowatts, annual power generation 846.8 (100) billion KWH. Mainly supply central China, East China, South China, Chongqing and other regions. The Three Gorges project could light up half of China.
The Three Gorges Project is located at the junction of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a unique geographical location. It can channel the Sandouping to Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and increase the low season flow of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River below the Gezhouba water Conservancy Project, which can fully improve the navigation conditions between Chongqing and Wuhan and meet the needs of the long-term development of the shipping industry in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In addition, the Three Gorges project in the Yangtze River in breeding, tourism, ecological protection, environmental purification,
Development migration
It has great benefits in the fields of South-to-north water diversion, water supply and irrigation, and can be called an outstanding example of water conservancy project in the world
[3]
.
Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, the water conservancy industry has achieved rapid development. At present, a group of world advanced water conservancy projects represented by the Three Gorges Water Conservancy project, Gezhouba Water conservancy project and Xiaolangdi Yellow River Water conservancy project are increasingly playing an irreplaceable role. At the same time, more water projects are being built. In the near future, they will also benefit the people.
China is rich in water resources and has great potential for development. It is believed that with the unremitting efforts of Chinese water conservancy personnel, China's water conservancy industry will achieve more brilliant achievements, contribute to the Chinese people and the people of the world, and bring good news
[5]
.
