Chahar province

Qing dynasty name The Chahar Dynasty Precinct, 1675 Kangxi Emperor Move Mongolia Chahar department from Western part of Liaoning Migrating outside Uiju Xuanhua , Datong Side placement.

In the 26th year of Qianlong (AD 1761), the Chahar Capital was established as a military attackman. In the 27th year (AD 1762), the capital office in Zhangjiakou was completed, and the headquarters of the Chahar Capital was moved to Zhangjiakou. ^{[3 ]}

Chahar was one of the three garrisons set up in the Qing Dynasty (the other two being Urumchi and Rehe), and it was also the earliest and the only one that also had a deputy capital (the post of deputy capital was set up in the thirty-first year of Qianlong, that is, 1766). Today, the former site of the Chahar Capital Bureau is the only intact capital bureau of the Qing Dynasty in China. ^{[4 ]}

The Chahar capital was in charge of the eight flags and four animal husbandry, responsible for the border settlement, the management of Zhangjiakou garrison officers and soldiers and the military affairs of the Xilin Gol League, and was responsible for the management of the military platform, issuing travel vouchers for passengers entering the military platform road. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the Chahar capital changed to direct military, political and civil affairs, and began to manage the tax department of Zhangjiakou in the original responsibilities, that is, to manage the commodity tax of Zhangjiakou exit capital. ^{[4 ]}

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Chahar Special District was established.

In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), it was renamed a province.

Twenty-second year of the Republic of China (1933) Great Wall Battle Later, Japanese troops crossed the Great Wall and penetrated North China, capturing parts of Chahar in the spring of that year. Feng Yuxiang , Ji Hongchang, Fang Zhenwu Wait for someone Zhangjiakou It was established on 26 May 1933 The people of Chahar resist the Allied Forces In June, it began to report to Chahar and Rehe By mid-July, the Japanese Army had driven all of them out of Chahar for the first time since the September 18 Incident Chinese army First recovery of lost ground. simultaneously Nanjing National government To achieve the unification of the military order on the grounds of sending troops to Zhangjiakou, the Allied forces were forced to dissolve.

During the War of Resistance between 1937 and 1945, Chahar Province was occupied by the Japanese and became part of the Japanese-controlled Mongolian Territory under the leadership of King De.

From May to June of the 34th year of the Republic of China (1945), Shanxi-chahar-hebei border area The Eighth Route Army, initiated Battle of Chanan , take Wyan , Hun Yuan Such as the county, and to both sides of Pingsui Road and Chabei area development. On November 2, the Chahar People's Congress was held in Xuanhua South Street, representing the birth of the country's first provincial-level people's democratic regime under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The provincial capital of Chahar Democratic government was Xuanhua, while Zhangjiakou was the capital of the Shanxi-Chahar - Hebei border region at the same time. ^{[5 ]}

The 15th of August Surrender of Japan After that, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the army to advance to North China along the Pingsui, Tongpu, Pinghan, Jinpu and other railroads. Among them, Fu Zuoyi's troops have approached Zhangjiakou along the Pingsui Line. To stop Fu Zuoyi's forces from advancing east, the CCP Shanxi Chaji Military Region The 53,000 troops of the Jinsui Military Region launched an attack on Fu Zuoyi's department, and Fu was forced to withdraw to the west. It was initiated by the Communist Party of China in 1946 Datong Jining Campaign Fu Zuoyi took the main force of the Communist Party of China in Datong and led the 36th Army to seize North China in a surprise attack Central city Zhangjiakou .

In November 1948, the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China, the Pingjin War broke out. People's Liberation Army North China Military Region third crew Launched an attack on the defenders of Zhangjiakou, the 11th Corps of the National Army, Fu Zuoyi Troops under one's direct control The 35th Army, the 104th and 16th armies of the rescue were all wiped out. On December 24, the People's Liberation Army occupied Zhangjiakou, Government of Republic of China Government institutions in Chahar province collapsed.

In January 1949, the whole of Chahar Province was liberated for the second time, with Zhangjiakou as the capital.

People's Republic of China After its establishment on November 15, 1952, under the special Chahar Geographical environment Due to the sparse population and lack of resources, General Wang Ping, the former commander of the Chahar Provincial Military region, proposed and agreed by the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government, decided to abolish the Chahar provincial system. Yanbei special area , Datong Ciji (a county in Henan Province) Channan Zone the Tianzhen county Put under Shanxi (Province) Province, Chabei, Channan 16 counties changed Zhangjiakou Special area, together with Zhangjiakou City, Xuanhua City ownership Hebei (Province) Provincial jurisdiction. And that was the end of Chahar Administrative division The history of...

Chahar Special area The government was based in Zhangjiakou, the county of Wanquan County at that time, and it was changed into a province in 17 years of the Republic of China, and the capital was still there Wanquan County Government of Zhangjiakou. The thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China (1947) June analysis Wanquan County seat Zhangyuan City The provincial capital was changed to Zhang Yuan (Now Zhangjiakou City Qiaoxi District ).

The Republic of China three years (1914), to Zhili province Habeido Zhangbei county Dushi County (later renamed Guyuan county ) and Duolun County 3 counties, Suiyuan Special area Xinghe county , Taolin County, Fengzhen county and Liangcheng county 4 counties, Chahar Department 8 flags, Xilin Gol League 10 flags, each flag animal husbandry factory set up Chahar special area. Successively add Shangdu county , Baochang county , Kangbao county , Jining county 4 counties. In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), it was renamed a province. Happy and harmonious Tao Lin Jining , prosperity and Liangcheng 5 counties included Suiyuan The province is divided into 10 counties under the jurisdiction of Jiukou North Road, Hebei Province: Xuanhua , Akagi , foolproof , Huailai County , Yuxian County , Yangyuan , Long Guan , Yankhanh , Wyan , Zhuolu County . Until the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1948), the province had jurisdiction over 1 city, 19 counties, and 4 counties Administrative supervision district , 18 flags, 1 ranch, and the flag belongs to Xilin Gol League , Chahar League .

Zhangjiakou City, into the Republic of China, Chahar special area government overseas Chinese in Zhangjiakou, but Zhangjiakou still belongs to Zhili Province Wanquan County. The year 1952 Zhangjiakou The city was assigned to Hebei Province.

Datong City, 1949 Datong City under the jurisdiction of Chahar Province. 1952 Datong City was transferred to Shanxi Province.

Xuanhua City, January 1946, the Communist Party of China Chahar Province division Xuanhua County Xuanhua City, the capital of Chahar Province, was abolished and merged into Xuanhua County in October of the same year. In December 1948, Xuanhua City was re-established as part of Chahar Province. In October 1949, it was renamed Xuanhua Town. In February 1950, Xuanhua City was re-established, and in 1952, it was divided into Hebei Province and became a provincial municipality. In November 1955, Xuanhua City was abolished and Xuanhua Town was established under Zhangjiakou City. In November 1958, Xuanhua Town was renamed Zhangjiakou City Xuanhua District . In July 1960, Xuanhua District was abolished and established as Xuanhua City, which was subordinate to Zhangjiakou City. In March 1963, Xuanhua City was renamed Xuanhua District, which belongs to Zhangjiakou City.

Established in 1949 Yanbei special area , special office in Datong City. Administer great harmony, Yang Gao , Quang Ling A surname Hun Yuan , Ying County , Hoai Nhon , The shade of a mountain stationed Daiyue Town ), Shuo County , Binh Ru , Migitama , Zuo Yun Wait for 12 counties.

In 1952 Yanbei Special area was transferred to Shanxi Province.

Established in 1949 Channan Zone , special office in Xuanhua City. ; Xuanhua , foolproof , Dragon Pass, Akagi The four seas (by Rehe Province Fengning county South-western dislocated, in the name of four Seas Fort, in Yukou ), Yankhanh , Huailai County (Resident in Shacheng), Zhuolu County , Yuxian County (stationed in Xihe Camp), Yangyuan , Tianzhen County , Wyan stationed Chaigou Fort ) etc. 12 counties. Withdrawn in 1951 Sihai county , incorporate into Rehe Province Luanping county And Chahar province Yanqing, Chicheng 2 counties.

In August 1952, the Channan District was abolished, and its counties were directly under the leadership of Chahar Province. In December of the same year, Xuanhua City and 10 counties such as Xuanhua, Wanquan, Longguan, Chicheng, Yanqing, Huailai, Zhuolu, Yu County, Yangyuan and Huai 'an were assigned to Hebei Province; Tianzhen county It was assigned to Shanxi Province.

Established in 1949 Chabei area , special office in Zhangbei County. ; Zhang Bei , Kangbao , Baoyuan (formerly Baochang, Guyuan Merge), Doron , Chongli County (Resident at Taiping Estate), righteous , Shangdu , Huatu Wait 8 counties.

In 1950, Baoyuan County was abolished and Baochang and Guyuan counties were re-established. Baochang, Huade, Duolun 3 counties Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Chabei Prefecture has jurisdiction over 6 counties.

1952 Chabei area was transferred to Hebei Province.

Two years of the Republic of China (1913), to Zhili Province Habeido and Suiyuan capital , Chahar department , Xilin Gol League Settings Chahar Special District . In the 17th year of the Republic of China, it was changed into a province in 1928, and its jurisdiction is now Hebei Province Zhangjiakou City, Peking The city Yanqing county Most of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ulanqab East of the city. Thirty-six years of the Republic of China (1947), the province Land area It is 278,957 Square kilometer (say 283,675 square kilometers). East to Rehe Province , Northern Liaoning Province , our Northern neighbor Hung 'an , Mongolian places , to the West Suiyuan Province, Shanxi Province, south Hebei Province .

The Great Wall divides Chahar province into Chaan and Chabei. The Chabei desert extends to the border with Mongolia.

In the thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China (1947), the population was 2,114,288 in the first half of the year and 2,150,54 in the second half of the year.

in Beiyang Warlords During the 16 years of his reign, Chahar Special administrative region the All in charge A total of 16 were appointed; During the 21 years of Kuomintang government rule, Chahar Provincial government There are also 16 presidents. The longest time in office is only three years and two years, and the shortest time is only a few months, dozens of days or even a few days. There are also a few appointments that did not return. In Japanese occupation Zhangjiakou Period, National government Also appointed the short Provincial chairman He became chairman of Chahar Province in exile.

During the Republic of China, the ruling figures of Chahar were divided into two parts. Beiyang government During the period (1912 to 1928), 16 people were appointed as the governor and acting governor of Chahar Special District, they were: Feng Guozhang, He Zonglian , Duan Zhigui , Zhang Huaizhi , Tanaka Tama , Zhang Jingyao , Wang Tingzhen , Zhang Jinghui , Tan Qinglin, Zhang Xiyuan , Zhang Zhijiang , Zheng Jinsheng , Lu Zhonglin, Gao Weiyue , A surname , Zhang Lisheng .

During the Kuomintang period (1928 to 1949, on the eve of liberation), there were 16 chairman, acting chairman, Chairman of the government of the Province in exile, and Chairman of the People's Chahar Province: Zhao Daiwen, Li Peiji , Yang Aiyuan , Liu Yifei , Song Zheyuan , Tong Linge , Qin Dechun , Xiao Zhenying Zhang Zizhong Liu Ruming , Shi Yousan , Bi Zeyu , Feng Qinzai Zhang Su (Chairman of Chahar Province at the time of Zhangjiakou's first liberation), Fu Zuoyi, Sun Lanfeng . Shortly after the national liberation, the Chahar provincial system was quickly abolished in 1952, and the only Chahar after the liberation of the Communist Party of China Secretary of provincial Party Committee Yang tills the fields.

Most of these presidents have been in office for a short time, and most of them have left little achievements in Zhangjiakou, but some of them have left valuable footprints. Such as patriotic general Zhang Zhijiang was appointed in the winter of 1924 The Chahar Dynasty He came to Zhangjiakou to decisively suppress the looting and burning of shops, appease the merchants, quell public anger, and clean up the sediment after the flood Legacy problem In less than a year in 1925, it was built near the bridge that was broken by the flood Qinghe Bridge (formerly big iron bridge) and so on. Gao Weiyue Dutong in the spring and summer of 1927 inscribed "Great river and mountain" four characters, to the scenic spots here left a finishing touch, although he had suppressed Communist Party members, but more clean and honest, not to bother the people, innocency The people, resolutely do not work for the Japanese, maintain the festival; Provincial chairman Liu Yifei is clean and honest, in order to solve the traffic difficulties, please General Zhang Xueliang to help build the Hanqing Bridge (i.e Jiefang Bridge The predecessor, Han Qing for Zhang Xueliang's word), after liberation Tianjin CPPCC Committee members; General Song Zheyuan not only built roads and opened parks (now People's Park The predecessor) and also presided over the editing of" General Annals of Chahar Province ", leaving the world the first relatively complete information about Chahar, he is a famous patriotic anti-Japanese general; In August 1937, Liu Ruming, chairman of the province, led the Bajiaotai Army and people of the 143rd Division in the joint War of Resistance, which left valuable cultural and historical information to the people of Zhangjiakou.

Among these 33 figures, some should be fully affirmed, some should be disparaged, such as Zhang Xiyuan, because he withheld military pay, shipped back to Tianjin, caused a riot of soldiers, looted and burned shops, and caught up with the catastrophic flood in 1924, brought double disasters to the people of Zhangjiakou, he left an extremely shameful note in history. In addition Shi Yousan And eventually degenerate into shameful traitors. Many of them also carry duality The specific situation of each character should be analyzed concretely.