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Jizhou, is the Han book "Yu Gong" described
Han Dynasty
A surname
among
[1]
. "
Shang Shu Yu Gong
"Records that,
Yu the Great
Divided into the world for the nine states, among which there is Jizhou, ranked first in the nine states, including now
Beijing
,
Tianjin
,
Hebei Province
,
Shanxi Province
,
Henan Province
Northern and
Liaoning Province
With parts of Inner Mongolia.
The word Jizhou first appeared in the book "Shang Shu Yu Gong".
- Chinese name
- Jizhou
- Site position
- Han Dynasty head of the nine states
- origin
- Shang Shu Yu Gong
- setting
- Today's Shanxi Province, Hebei northwest Henan and other places
- encompass
- Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Liaoning provinces and parts of Inner Mongolia
- Period of existence
- Xia Dynasty - The Republic of China
catalogue
- 1Regional introduction
- 2Historical records
- 3Territorial scope
- ▪The pre-Qin period
- ▪Jin Dynasty
- ▪The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544)
- ▪Sui Dynasty
- ▪Ming Dynasty
- ▪Qing Dynasty
- 4Head of the Kyushu
- ▪China under heaven
- ▪Yu the Great controlled the flood
- 5History of administrative division
- ▪Zhou Dynasty
- ▪Qin Dynasty
Jizhou is one of the nine states in the Han Dynasty. In the long history, it once occupied a very important position
[2]
. It is said that as far back as 4,000 years ago, the common ancestor of the Chinese nation
A surname
The Yellow Emperor is conquering
Chiyou-warrior
,
Yan Emperor
Two tribes later, settled
The south of Shanxi
[3]
According to the general trend of mountains and rivers, "ceded territory and spread nine states". in
Yao
When floods do harm, they inundate Kyushu.
Yu the Great
And "with the mountains dredging rivers" "Jiangli world, Jiuzhou and are five fu". After Yu the Great died, his son
Rev.
He took the post of chief of the tribal alliance. According to the
Zuo Zhuan
It is recorded that after Xia Qi ascended the throne, the Xia's ruling area was divided into "Kyushu" and the nine tripod was cast to "symbolize Kyushu". Kyushu was set up to govern its inhabitants; The nine tripod was cast to record the merits of the Xia dynasty, symbolizing the Xia king as the Lord of Kyushu.
There are several theories about Kyushu in the ancient books that have been handed down:
[4]
The Book of Shang "Yu Gong Kyushu Map"
Erya
According to the Yin system, Jiuzhou is called Ji, You, Yan, Ying, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Yong, and divided into Ji and You;
Rites of Zhou
According to the weekly system, it is called Ji, You, and, Yan, Qing, Yang, Jing, Yu, Yong, and divided into Ji, you, and three states. According to the "Shang Shu · Yaodian", after Yu controlled the flood, Shun of Yu pointed to the nine states, and divided You, he and Ying three states, which made twelve states.
Yu do not Kyushu, with the mountains dredged rivers, soil as tribute. Yu applied soil, with the mountain journal wood, drink mountain Dachuan. Jizhou, both carrying the Hukou, the beam and Qi. As for Taiyuan, Yueyang...
Eastern Han Dynasty - Jizhou
-- Shi Ji · Chu Family
The word Jizhou was first found in"
A surname
,
Yugon
"The book. As to why it is named "Ji", according to the order of historical development, there are several explanations:
(1) According to the "name of the state" cloud: "Jizhou also take the name also." Wang Yan "Yu Gong differentiation" cloud: "Jin has Ji, Qin has Yong, it is Ji, yong to place names state." According to historical research, there was a country called "Ji" in the southwest of the Jin State in ancient Jizhou, and its capital was Jiting in the northeast of Hedong PI County (today's Hejin County, Shanxi). "
Water channel
· Fenshui Notes said: "Fenshui crossing Jiting South...... Jing Xiangfan said: 'Hedong today
Peach County
There is the Ji Pavilion, the capital of the ancient Ji State." Therefore, the state was named after the name of the country Ji. Later, the state of Ji collapsed into the state of Jin in the mid-Spring and Autumn. According to the "Hee-thirty-third year of Zuo Zhuan" cloud: "Ji has become the city of Jin." Therefore, the jurisdiction of the state of Jin is also called Jizhou. "Lu's Spring and Autumn · Have a glance" cloud: "Between the two rivers for Jizhou, Jin also." "Erya Shi Di" cloud: "Between the two rivers said Ji; Ji, near also." The so-called between the two rivers refers to the area between the big River (Yellow River) and the Qing River (Guji River)
[4]
.
(2) According to the
The rites of Zhou
· Staff side "Cloud:" Hanoi said Jizhou." The reference to Hanoi means
The Yellow River
East and north. The territory of Jizhou extends to the north of Jin. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's"
Shuowen Jiezi
· North "said:" Ji, the northern state also, from the north different sound." "The north is named Ji, and because of it, the state is also named." In "Iseng Yu" also said: "Ji, the northern state also, so from the north." At this time, the land referred to by Jizhou was already the larger area of Shanxi and its north.
Ruins of Jizhou Ancient City
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Youshi-Overview, Youshi" said: "What is Kyushu? ... Between the two rivers is Jizhou and Jin." It shows that Jizhou area before the Qin and Han dynasties generally refers to today
Shanxi (Province)
And Hebei province, that is, the scope of Zhao, Wei, Han three countries. Another book by CAI Shen
Biography of collected books
He said, "Jizhou is the imperial capital. Three sides from the river, Yanhe west, Yong River east, Yu River north.
According to the modern geographical concept, the location of these places is: Jizhou, starting from the Hukou of the Yellow River, involving the whole of today's Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces, the land is white soil. Jizhou is bounded on three sides by the Yellow River in the west, south and southeast, and by the Liao River in the northeast and north
Gobi Desert
Is bounded. Today, the western border of Liaoning, the northern border of Hebei, the northern border of Henan, Shanxi Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are all borders of Jizhou, covering an area of about 1.4 million square kilometers.
[5]
The range of Jizhou in Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty had thirteen prefectures and
A surname
The thirteen states are Pingzhou, Jizhou, Youzhou, Qingzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jiaozhou, Jingzhou, Yizhou, Shuofang and Liangzhou; Youzhou and parallel State are separated from Jizhou
[6]
; while
A surname
They belong to Jizhou, Yongzhou, Yuzhou three states
[7]
.
-
Jizhou : Wei County , Geodekgun , Sangsan-gun , Qinghe County , State of Zhao , Hirobino , Jinjeongku , Zhongshan State , sindhu , riverland [8]
Jizhou area of Jin Dynasty
According to the Book of Jin · Geography
[9]
Jizhou prefectures are as follows:
Jizhou ancient city ruins scenery
According to the Book of Wei · Topography
[10]
, Jizhou prefectures such as:
-
Jizhou : Sizhou, Dingzhou, Bizhou, Yingzhou, Lun Zhou, Si Chau , Youzhou, Jinju , Wye , Kien Chau Fenzhou, Dongyongzhou, Anzhou, Yizhou, Nanfen Prefecture, Nanying Prefecture, Dongyan Prefecture, Yingzhou, Pingzhou, Hengzhou, Shuozhou, Yunzhou, Xianzhou, Wuzhou, Xixia Prefecture, Ningzhou, Lingzhou [10]
The scope of Jizhou in Sui Dynasty
According to Sui Shu · Geography Zhong
[11]
Jizhou prefectures are as follows:
-
Jizhou Shindu County, Qinghe County, Wei County, Jiji County, Hanoi County, Changping County, Shangdang County, Hedong County, Jiang County, Wencheng County, Linfen County, Longquan County, Xihe County, Lishi County, Yanmen County, Mayi County, Dingxiang County, Loufan County, Taiyuan County, Xiangguo County, Wuan County, Zhao County, Hengshan County, Boling County, Zhuojun County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, Beiping County, Anle County, Liaoxi County
The range of Jizhou in Ming Dynasty
According to the Unified Annals of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty belongs to Jizhou prefecture
Dividing line
The prefectures are as follows:
-
Jizhou : Shuntianfu , Baoding Mansion , Hejian Mansion, Zhending Mansion, Sundeokbu , Quang Ping Fu, Daimyo section [12] Yongping Prefecture, Yanqing Prefecture, Bao An Chau Wanquandu Command and Envoy Division ( All things are good Taiyuan House, Pingyang House, Datong House, Luzhou (Ming Jiajing eight years rise Lu 'an District ), Fen Zhou (Ming Wanli twenty-three years liters Fenzhou Prefecture ), Zezhou (Qing Yongzheng six years rise Zezhou Fu ), Liaozhou, Qinzhou, Zhangde Prefecture, Weihui Prefecture, Huaiqing Prefecture, Guangning Prefecture ( Quang Ninh Wai The land west [13]
The range of Jizhou in Qing Dynasty
According to the Siku Complete book edition of the Qing Dynasty and the twenty-four Histories
Draft of Qing Dynasty history
"
[14, 15]
In the Ming Dynasty, the counties belonging to the division of Jizhou prefecture were as follows:
-
Jizhou : Shuntian Mansion, Baoding Mansion, Zhengding Mansion, Daiming Mansion, Shunde Mansion, Guangping Mansion, Tianjin Mansion, Hejian Mansion, Chengde Mansion, Chaoyang Mansion, Xuanhua Mansion, Yongping Mansion, Taiyuan Prefecture , Lu 'an District , Fenzhou Prefecture , Zezhou Fu Liaozhou, Qinzhou, Pingding Prefecture, Pingyang Prefecture, Puzhou Prefecture, Jiezhou, Jiangzhou, Xi Prefecture, Huozhou, Datong Prefecture, Shuoping Prefecture, Ningwu Prefecture, Xinzhou, Dai Prefecture, Baodezhou. [14, 15]
In the order of Kyushu, Jizhou ranks first. According to legend, Pingyang (now south of Linfen County, Shanxi Province) was the capital of Tang Yao, and Puban (now Shanxi Province) was the capital of Yu Shun
Yongji
County southeast), the capital of Xia Yu
Anyi
(Xia County, Shanxi Province) are in ancient Jizhou territory. Therefore, "Guliang Biography · Yang Shixun Shu" cloud: "Jizhou, the state in the world, since Tang Yu and Xia Yin are all how, then Jizhou is the Son of Heaven." Luzhi, a man of Zhuojun County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, said in Jizhou Local Records: "Since Tang Yu, Jizhou has been the fountain of sages and the old place of emperors." Zou Yan said, "Within Kyushu, it is called Chixian. The province of Chixian originated in Jizhou." Therefore, although the queen king is not all Jizhou, it is also Jizhou. Jizhou is the place where the ancient three generations of emperors built their capital, "Wang Gi", naturally should be listed as the first of the nine states. As to why ancient Jizhou ranked first in the nine states, there are different opinions according to the order of water control and five elements. Such as Kong Yingda
Uphold justice
In explaining the reason why Jizhou was listed as the first of the nine states, he said: "The second of the nine states, in order to control the water successively, to the water down, when the water is discharged from the bottom, so the water control starts from the bottom." Jizhou imperial capital, near the north of Kyushu. Therefore, the head begins from Hebei." "
History of the Han Dynasty
It also said: "Jizhou was the capital of Yao, so Yu began to control the water from Jizhou." Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty also thought: "The river is full of troubles... Therefore, Yuxing began in Ji." In short, because of its geographical location, Jizhou is the seat of the ancient imperial capital, which is listed as the first in the nine states
[5]
.
Jizhou Expo Hall
Scenery of Jizhou Expo Hall
Ruins of Jizhou Ancient City
"
Shih Chi
· Xia Benji Cloud: "Yuxing began in Jizhou", that is to say, the Great Yu flood control began in Jizhou
[16]
.
"Shiji Xia Benji" said: "When the emperor Yao, Hongshui towering to the sky, Haohuai Mountain Xiangling, under the people its worry." . "
Mencius
Teng Wengong (I) ":" When Yao, the world was still not level, floods across the country, flooding the world. Grass and trees flourish, animals and animals reproduce; If you don't climb the grain, animals threaten you. The path of animals and birds is left to China." It shows that the flood lasted for a long time in the ancient times of Yao and before Yao. "The water went backward and flooded Jizhou." Da Yu and his father Gun were in such an era when floods were inundated and administered for a long time.
Ruins of Jizhou Ancient City
"Shiji Xia Benji" said: "Nine years and water, the function is not... So Shun selected Gun's son Yu and continued Gun's work." Qing Kangxi "Huozhou annals" said: "floods, Gun worship emperor order, rule Fen led, Yu heir father, as Yueyang." Gun did not know how to control the water, resulting in a flood that became more prosperous, and was eventually executed by Emperor Shun, who appointed Gun Son Yu as a gun and assigned him with the important task of controlling the water. The Great Yu son inherited his father's business, was ordered in the crisis, from Jizhou began to govern, "is hard to think, live outside for thirteen years, not dare to enter the house." At last rest the flood, and the flood will be cured. "The record of the Taiping World" said: "The river is open, the Si Fen water can be accepted, Yu anxious river is large and fen governance, gun anxious Fen water is small and not governed." Da Yu summed up the lessons of his father's failure in water control, adopted the method of "thinning first and defending later", dug mountains and valleys in the middle reaches of the Fenhe River, opened trenches to dig the course, because of its water potential, and guided it, "quenching the flood under", so that the water of the Fenhe River was smooth in the Yellow River, and finally achieved success.
The concept of Jizhou not only has its ethnic and geographical meanings, but also has the meaning of administrative divisions, both of which have changed with the change of times.
[4]
Ruins of Jizhou Ancient City
In 770 BC, the history of our country entered
Spring and Autumn
Period, and state area fresh Yu state jurisdiction. Fresh Yu Ji surname is Di tribe, because love to wear white clothes, also known as white Di.
In the thirty-first year of King Jing of Zhou (489 BC), the state of Xian Yu was destroyed by Jin. Ji County also belongs to the Dongyang area of the Jin State (the vast area east of the Taihang Mountains).
475 BC, enter the history of the Warring States period.
Fresh concerns in 414 B.C. and established in zhongshan, power is very strong, zhongshan kingdom in ji county beginning have helped LiuYi.
In 296 BC, the twentieth year of King Nan of Zhou, after Wen Yan, King of Zhao, led the army of Yanqi to destroy the State of Zhongshan, the land of Ji County came under the jurisdiction of the State of Zhao.
In 221 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China, abolished feudalism, set up counties, and divided the country into 36 counties. Jizhou
Geodekgun
(Jurisdiction of Ji, Xing, Heng, Bei four states, governing in this Pingxiang County). And now Xingtai trust county. The name of the letter city, according to historical data, originated from Zhao Chenghou, Zhao Chenghou according to Xing, quite ambitious, in order to express his "word will be kept, action will be taken, letter in the world" determination and confidence, Xing changed to"
Sindu
"
[4]
.
Jizhou
In the sixth year of Emperor Gaudi of Han Dynasty (201 BC), Xindu County was established. (Because Zhang Er was the king of Changshan, Wang Zhaodi changed the capital city Xingtai to Xiangguo, and the name of Xindu was moved to Ji County from then on.) The western part of the county is Fuliu County. Xindu and Fuliu belong to Xindu County, located in Jizhou, sixteen counties outside the county, namely, Peiyang, Fuliu, Xiabo, Tao, Changcheng, Guanjin, Dongxiang, 蓚, Li, Gaodi, Pingdi, Wuyi, Guangchuan, Nangong, Dongchang, Xiliang, County governing Xindu.
In the sixth year of Henkel's reign (182 BC), Lu Zhi, grandson of Zhang Er, the king of Zhao (son of Liu Bang's eldest daughter Princess Luyuan), was appointed as the official of Xindu, and the county of Xindu was changed to the state of Xindu. After Zhang Chi because of the chaos of Zhulu, guilty, the country removed.
In 155 BC (the second year of Emperor Jing of Han), he named his eighth prince Peng Zu in Hebei as the King of Guangchuan, and changed the capital state to Guangchuan State.
In the first two years of the Yuan Dynasty (153 BC), it was changed to Xindu County.
In the year of Zhongyuan Yuan (149 BC), Liu Yue was named King of Guangchuan and restored to the Kingdom of Guangchuan
[4]
.
Jizhou
In the fifth year of Jianyuan (136 BC), Liu Qi was appointed King of Guangchuan.
The first four years of the Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty (70 BC) also for the county of Xindu, scribe Jizhou Imperial history Department.
The fourth year of the Earth Festival (66 BC) was restored to the Guangchuan State.
Gan Lu four years (50 BC) returned to the county of Xindu.
In the second year of Jianzhao (37 BC), Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty made the third prince Liu Xing King of Xindeu, so he changed Guangchuan State to Xindeu State.
In the second year of Yangshuo (23 BC), Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty, it was restored to Xindu County.
In the second year of Jianping (5 BC), Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty named Liu Jing King of Xindu and restored the state of Xindu.
In the former Han Dynasty, the county (state) was added to the first level of administrative units. Jizhou provincial history county (state) 11, county 155, provincial history department tour of the rule of impermanence. Jizhou in the Western Han Dynasty has nothing to do with today's Jizhou County, no matter from the scope of jurisdiction, the state government
[4]
.
Wang Mang Xin Dynasty
When (9 years), the county was changed to new Boting, and the country was changed to new Bo
[4]
.
Landscape of Jizhou
In the 15th year of Yongping (72), Emperor Ming named his sixth prince Liu Dang King of Lecheng and changed the State of Chang 'an into the State of Lecheng.
In the first year of Yanguang (122), Liu De, grandson of Emperor Feng Zhang, became King of Anping. Change Lecheng state to Anping state and Jizhou to govern this, leading county thirteen (Xindu, Fucheng, Fuliu, Nangong, Jing, Wuyi, Guanjin, Tangyang, Wusui, Xibo, Raoyang, Anping, deep ze). There are Han Jizhou engaged in Anping Zhao Zheng tablet.
In the first year of Emperor Ling Ping (184), the country was removed, and it was changed to Anping County, and the county government Xindu. This is when the giant deer man opened horns
Yellow Turbans uprising
The army broke into Jizhou City.
According to the "old Zhi" contained, Xie Jie An said (citing the "Book of Han"), Yuan Shao value Han chaos, the army, Han Fu, since leading Jizhou Shepherd.
When the two years of early Ping (191), according to the Qing, you, and Ji four states. Together with his son Yuan Shang, the second emperors were all in Ye (in the area of Ye Town in Linzhang County today, there is Ye City in the west of Linzhang, where Yuan Shao's tomb is located). The Imperial History Department of Jizhou had nine counties, Anping, Changshan, Zhongshan, Hejian, Qinghe, Zhao, Julu, Bohai and Wei, and about one hundred Hou states (counties). The state's administration was located at 鄗 (now Baixiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province).
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jizhou historiography Department was more extensive than that in the Western Han Dynasty, and it increased to Cangzhou, Langfang and a small part of Tianjin
[4]
.
Landscape of Jizhou
In the 9th year of Jian 'an (204),
Cao Cao
They defeated Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, the sons of Yuan Shao, and captured Jizhou
Jizhou shepherd
.
In 213, the 18th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao was named Duke of Wei, and he had ten counties, including Jizhou and Hedong.
据《三国志·魏志·文帝纪》载，220年10月东汉献帝退位，
Cao PI
Emperor, the year name changed from Yankang Huang early, because Cao Cao sealed the Duke of Wei, the state name Wei. From this year, China entered The Three Kingdoms period. The scope of jurisdiction of Wei Jizhou in The Three Kingdoms period was roughly the same as that in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the second year of Emperor Wen's reign (221), Yecheng was named
Wudu
One (Chang 'an, Qiao, Xuchang, Ye, Luoyang), Jizhou state moved to
Sindu
,
Anpyeonggun
Also governing Xindu. Letter for the three levels of government, from Jizhou and
Ji County
Start making connections.
In the first year of Taishi (265), Emperor Wudi Sima Yan of the Western Jin Dynasty named Sima Fu King of Anping, and Anping County was changed to Anping State. Jizhou led Anping, Julu, Zhao, Pingyuan, Leling, Bohai, Zhangwu, Hejian, Gaoyang, Boling, Qinghe, Changshan, Zhongshan thirteen counties. Anping state leading the letter, Fuliu, Xibo, Guangzong, Jing, Guanjin, Wuyi, Wusui eight counties. Fucheng County was incorporated into Xinduu (according to the Unified Annals of Daqing County).
In the fifth year of Taikang of Emperor Wudi of Jin (284), Hu, the great-grandson of Fu, formerly King of Anping, was appointed King of Changle, thus changing the State of Anping into the State of Changle.
In the summer of the third year of Yongjia (309), Later Zhao Shille, the leader of the Jian nationality, captured Jizhou, killed Wang Bin, the governor of Xindu, and moved the capital from Xindu to Lixiang
[4]
.
317-420, enter
Sixteen states of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Time. Activities in Jizhou area have been later Zhao, former Yan, former Qin, later Yan, the administrative division basically followed the Western Jin. To Jilong, Jizhou governing Changle County. Qianyan, Xianbei Murong Junping Ran Min. Jizhou moved to the Lixin capital. In the former Qin Dynasty, Fu Jian, of the Di nationality, moved to Ye. Later Yan Murong Chui, who called himself Emperor Yan, moved to Jizhou and Xindu from Zhongshan (now Wan County, Hebei Province).
In 439, the Northern Wei unified the north and changed it into the Northern Dynasty, which formed a confrontation situation with the Southern Dynasty, known as the "Southern and Northern Dynasties".
In the first year (396) of Emperor Tuoba GUI of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he set up Jizhou, ruled the Xindu, and administered Changle, Wuyi and Bohai counties; Changle County leadxin, Fuliu, Tangyang, Zaoqiang, Solu, Guangchuan, Nangong, Xiabo eight counties.
In 515, in June of the fourth year of Yanchang, Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei, the Taoist Faqing gathered a crowd to rebel against Jizhou.
In 531, Gao Huan led his army to Xindu, and from then on, he pacified Hebei. Gao Huan ruled the Eastern Wei Dynasty for sixteen years and was honored as Emperor Shenwu of Qi after his death.
In the Northern Qi Dynasty (560), Fuliu was incorporated into Xindu, with the county administering Xindu and the state administering Ye. As a result, the jurisdiction of Ji County was mainly Xindu County at this time (" The History and Governance of Counties in Hebei Province ", "The Book of Jin" and "the Tongzhi of Gi-fu").
[4]
.
Landscape of Jizhou
When Emperor Yang, the prefecture was changed into a county, with a two-level system of county and county. At that time, there were 190 counties and 1,255 counties.
Since Sui Dynasty, Jizhou has disappeared from the historical records as a first-level administrative region. Sui first administrative district is a county. Jizhou jurisdiction after the more narrow, the Han Dynasty Jizhou jurisdiction for the central and southern Hebei Province, Sui and Tang jurisdiction equivalent to a county in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen Kai three years (583), the county for Jizhou, the state governing the city. Six years of Xindu County, Changle County; Sixteen years divided into Changle County, set Zecheng County (Fuliu County so governance).
In the third year of Emperor Yang Daye (607), Xindu was renamed Changle County. In the same year, it was abolished and renamed Xindu County, with eleven counties of Changle, Tangyang, Hengshui, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, 蓚, Nangong, Wuqiang, Lucheng, Xiabao and Fucheng. Twelve years after the name of Xindu County (see "Ji County", "Jizhou", "Sui")
[4]
.
Landscape of Jizhou
Four years (621), change the letter county for Jizhou, leading the letter, Tangyang, Nangong, Jujube strong, Wuyi, Hengshui, Fucheng, 蓚, Wuqiang nine counties, governing the letter, is in December Liu Hei Jizhou. After the Western Jin Dynasty, Jizhou's jurisdiction was reduced to include only these nine counties in the Tang Dynasty.
Emperor Taizong Zhenguan first year (627), in the shape of mountains and rivers, divided into ten roads, road, state (county, government), county local three levels. Jizhou belongs to Hebei Road (jurisdiction of 29 states). At that time, "the faith is all hope, and the county is also covered" (" Yuan and County Annals "). "Hebei is the upper Prefecture" (The Book of Tang).
Tang Gaozong Longshuo two years (662), changed Jizhou to Weizhou. Xianheng three years (672), renamed Jizhou.
Tang Xuanzong Tianbao first year (742), the state for the Xindu county, collar county nine.
Emperor Su of the Tang Dynasty Qianyuan Yuan year (758), after the county to Jizhou, Hebei Road, leading county six: Xin Du (16023 households, population 72673 people), Nangong, Tang Yang, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Hengshui. Tang Ai Emperor Tianhu two years (905), changed to Yaodu County (Hope), Liji. According to the Zhaodhe 56 edition of the Zhaodhe Dictionary, the Five Dynasties Liang Taizu Zhu Huang changed his letter to Yaodu because of the taboo of his ancestor's name. Balance four years to take Jizhou
[4]
.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was still Yaodu County according to the Tang system, and soon became Xindu County, which was subordinate to Jizhou and governed by Xindu (according to Hebei Tongzhi).
[4]
.
After the founding of the Song Dynasty in 960, Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, replaced the Tang Dynasty's "road" with "road" in 997, dividing the world into fifteen roads, and Jizhou belongs to the East Road of Hebei. Hebei East Road governing daimyo, leading three houses, 11 states.
The first year of Xining (1068) Zaoqiang province into the town of Xindu County. Ten years of reanalysis, the county of Xindu is still Jizhou, the state government of Xindu. Jizhou leading trust, Nangong, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, 蓚, Hengshui, Fucheng seven counties.
Song Renzong Qingli eight years (1048), promoted Tuanlian for An Wujun festival.
Southern Song Emperor Gaozong Jianyan two years (1128) Jizhou belonged to the Jin State.
Jin Taizong Tianhui seven years (1129), still for Jizhou, governing the letter, set Anwu Jun festival degree, is Hejian House, Hebei East Road.
In 1206, the Mongol army captured Jizhou.
Emperor Xuanzong Xing Ding three years (1219), the Mongolian Zhang Rou led troops to the south, the Yuan Taizu eight years to take Jizhou (see "Ji County Annals" and "Song Book")
[4]
.
After the destruction of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Empire was established in 1271, and the administrative divisions of the country were changed to four levels: road, prefecture, prefecture and county.
Shizu to the year of Yuan Yuan (1264), the province of Xindu County merged into Jizhou. Jizhou belongs to true Ding road, Li Yannan Hebei Road
Department of anti-corruption Inspection
The jurisdiction of Ji, Shen, Jin, Li four states. Jizhou leading letter capital, Nangong, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Xinhe five counties, state government letter capital. Two years to restore the Xindu County (see Ji County Records, Yuan History).
Yuan Shun Emperor to Zheng 27 years, the Ming Dynasty captured Jizhou
[4]
.
Landscape of Jizhou
In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the state ruled Xinduu, abolished Xinduu County, and fell under the direct jurisdiction of Jizhou. From the beginning of the year, Hongdong, Yuci and Shandong in Shanxi began to emigrate to Jizhou. According to the "old annals", since the Ming Dynasty, Jizhou has become a "giant state in the Gi Province" because of its auxiliary to Kyoto. Jizhou City is a fairly large city near the capital, known as "the first male capital of nine prefectures in Hebei" and "a metropolis as it was called in ancient times".
[4]
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Early Qing Dynasty, still along the Ming system. Yongzheng two years (1724) June Jizhou changed to Zhili prefecture, under the direct jurisdiction of the Chief secretary, outside the Nangong, Xinhe, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Hengshui five counties, state governing the letter. This was the smallest period of Jizhou jurisdiction in history
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Landscape of Jizhou
The range of administrative divisions in Jizhou has experienced a development process from large to small with the replacement of historical dynasties. During the Han Dynasty, the central and southern part of Hebei was Jizhou. The Sui Dynasty, the second short-lived dynasty in Chinese history, did not have time to carry out major political changes, but changed the state into a county, still based on the Han system. In the Tang Dynasty, Jizhou belonged to Hebei Road, and its jurisdiction was about equal to a county in the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Jizhou belongs to Hebei East Road. The nature of "Dao" and "road" in Tang and Song dynasties is the same, only the names are different. The Tang Dynasty was a county and the Song Dynasty was a state. The exchange of the names of states and counties is common in the history books. The number of counties under its jurisdiction is also slightly different. Yuan, Ming, Qing three generations, Hebei area Zhili central government jurisdiction, is the key area of Jinggi. In the Qing Dynasty, Jizhou was under the control of Zhili Province
Zhili Prefecture
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In 1913, the county was replaced by the term "Jizhou". Since then, it has never been used as an administrative division
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Jizhou overbearing not fully received, Zhangshui 潆洄 hold far floor.
The ground hidden green lotus clear to see, the sky cold snow also floating.
Thousands of mulberry Zhe more than the previous generation, the ancient wind is this state.
Historian opened to ask the candied guest, know the good sentence will be left.
-- Ming Shi Jiuchan: The Ancient Buddha Pavilion and the Test of Cheng
Landscape of Jizhou
Landscape of Jizhou
Landscape of Jizhou
There are many famous cultural sites in Jizhou. For example, the "Yangzheng Hall" built by Lu You in Song Zhizhou was written by Huang Tingjian, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty. He built a summer house in West State. According to the Ming Dynasty "unified annals", "Han Yuan Shao for Jizhou governor, light record Liu Song town this, Yuan Shao summer and pine drink, avoid the summer heat, so He Shuo has summer drink." Lu Youkai is based on this historical legend, named "Summer hall"
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Dadao Temple is located in the north of the state, built in the Song Dynasty Xining, Huizong once left ink here
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Landscape of Jizhou
Zhao Wang's grave contains light smoke, Yuan Shao city edge leaves sparse.
Thousands of miles away from the motherland, flowers for the ruins of the pavilion.
Eight Angle well, built in the Song Dynasty, it is said that the water is clean and dry all the year round, two zhangs deep, nine feet five inches in diameter.
Ming recluse Zhang Fengao built "Qing hidden Xuan" in the east of the state. The front of the porch is stacked with stones, and the flowers and trees are smooth.
Mingzhou Mu Lin Wen "Qing Yin Xuan" poem cloud:
Ziwei mountain knot thatched cottage, shabby alley basket then seclusion.
Retreat to cultivate the new 畎亩, inherited but the old poetry books.
Red gourd a few inkstone flowers languid sweep, Cui Oiai terrace grass not in addition.
The world does not care about the water, the origin of this joy like who?
Ke Qian's "Chanting Qing Yin Xuan" poem cloud:
Maoju near crape Wei peak, green trees green moss road several heavy.
The flower garden only allows the moon to, the chaimen Changqian Baiyun seal.
Far huai Qing Tao Hongjing, do not learn dregs Ruan Sitong.
Smell said follow Lianglin too shou, always five horses to visit the dragon.
Unfortunately, these cultural sites have been destroyed in the chaos of war. The remaining cultural sites are the tomb of Zhang Er, King of Zhao in the Han Dynasty, which is said to be a double tomb more than ten miles from the south of the city. "Zhou book" said, "Emperor Yang Xian Fu Gaozu, Zhao Xian felling Qi Wang 湝 is equal to 湝 south of the city, Xian boarded Zhang ear mound to look at it." According to the geographical location mentioned in the article, it is inferred that the ancient tomb of Shuangzuan may be the tomb of Zhang Er, King of Zhao of Han Dynasty. It has now been listed as a key county-level cultural relic protection unit. In the south gate of the city, there is Zhanger Temple and a stone tablet engraved with the words "Han Zhao King Zhanger's tomb".
Zhai Rujian, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, has a poem titled the Tomb of Zhang Ear.
A sword Fengyun, the dragon Lin take the next climb.
Di Tu Wei water, land into Hengshan.
Broken stone outside the empty trench, the ruins between the ancient battlements.
The grass leaves the trees and the birds cry.
Qing Zaoqiang governor Zhao Gao title "Zhanger Temple poetry" cloud:
A good man is not ashamed, but friendship is too distant.
What is a great deer like when a door is small and hidden?
Red clouds on the throne, purple Qi Shu on the banner.
Who pity 泜 water, whine complaining!
"Old ambition", Jizhou soil mound softball base. According to investigation and analysis, most of them belong to Han Dynasty tombs. There are seven in the north of the city Zhangjia ancient mound village, ancient mound village has two mounds north and south. There is a plague temple on the south mound, there is a small temple on the north mound, the mound soil has been hit by heavy rain, found a brick tomb. The scale is magnificent, or the cloud is the tomb of the king of Han Guangchuan, unfathomable, no one dares to enter, and then the earth is blocked. South, north mound is today before, after the mound. Fragments of silver wisp jade clothing and imperial irons have been unearthed in Qianzhong and Sun Zhengli's tombs, which are believed to belong to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Now the tomb has been listed in the provincial key protection cultural relics
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According to legend, when Yuan Shao sat in Jizhou, a fairy named Li Sanniang came out of Jizhou city, and she used this stone to grind the surface every two days in the Haizi outside the city. Every day under the cover of night, riding a god cow to send flour to the people. Four feet eight inches in diameter, six feet eight inches on Monday, one foot four inches thick
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Jizhou, with its own style, has attracted many poets and scholars to leave wonderful and magnificent poems for it. Han Bangu wrote "Jizhou Fu" and Yang Xiong wrote "Jizhou Shepherd Proverbs". The great poets Bai Juyi, Cui Shi and Gao Shi in the Tang Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty, Wang Mian in the Yuan Dynasty, etc., all wrote immortal poems with their brilliant strokes
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Landscape of Jizhou
Jin Weizhi's mother Song, living in Jizhou. As she had read a lot of books with her father in her childhood, she was very knowledgeable, and later she learned in the office of Fu Jian in the former Qin Dynasty. Due to the lack of Dr. Li and music at that time, the court officials asked Weimu Song, who was more than 80 years old, to set up a lecture hall in her own home, recruit more than 100 people, and give lectures across the gauze curtain.
Liu Zhuo in Sui Dynasty and Kong Yingda in Tang Dynasty all gave lectures in their hometown, which had a great influence on their time and later generations. "Ji is the ancient name of the state, the old learning, crown in his."
The history of running a school in Jizhou has no text before the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the Zhou School was located in the southwest of the city, which was later destroyed in the chaos of war.
Jin Taizong Tianhui eight years in the state city temple of literature to create state school. Jin Yubu doctor Zhang Yi wrote "Jizhou special Xingxue monument".
The Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all attached great importance to the establishment of schools.
Ming Hongwu eight years began to township, community run social science. According to the "Fan Zhi" cloud, in the Ming Hongwu nine years governor Wang Zizzhang created a state school, to Wanli four years governor Zhao Gao began to create academies. The site of the court is in the city of the horse temple west.
In the Qing Dynasty, it was also stipulated that social studies should be run in large townships, with students as social teachers, and those near the township children who were more than 12 years old and less than 20 years old and aspiring to study literature should be enrolled. In addition to social studies, there are also many free schools set up by private donations, such as Dibei Village, Wujiazhai Village, Xiwu Village,
Nannei Zhangcun
Such as social studies, Nanzhanghuai, Dongwu village run the free school. According to the "old aspirations", at that time, the three schools (state, society, and Yi) were established, and the style of study was flourishing. Zhou people Zhao Heng, Li Xie 韺 (i.e., Bei Liu), especially poetry, ancient prose, ci, Fei sound in the world, the scholars for the academy talent is the most prosperous."
Qing Qianlong four years Zhizhou Yang Qian began to build Xindu Academy. At that time, Han Chengjie of Zhejiang Xiaolian was hired as his teacher. Among those enrolled in the Academy, "five were the best eaters at 饩, and six were pickers of celery from boys" (the eaters of 饩 were equivalent to students enjoying government-funded treatment, while pickers of celery were students eligible for admission).
In the eight years of Guangxu, when Wu Rulan was governor of the state, he invited Wang Shonan, Wu Qiang He Tao as his teacher, and drew disciples from one state and five counties to learn, "dozens of people even climbed the A and B list" (the condition of taking scholars said that the Jin Shi was A branch in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the people were B branch).
Landscape of Jizhou
After the Opium War in 1840, it did "westernization" and "Xingxi Learning", so in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the Xinduu Academy was changed into a Middle school (five counties, under the direct jurisdiction of the province), that is, the 14th Middle School of Zhili Province.
Guangxu thirty-one year (1905) set up a county teacher's institute.
In the second year of the Republic of China, a county senior primary school was established.
From the end of Guangxu to the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, there were 321 primary schools in 452 villages and townships in Ji County
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Landscape of Jizhou
In the sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Changle Feng family was a "noble family" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. From the Northern Wei to the Sui and Tang Dynasties for more than two hundred years, there were one or two hundred people living in the imperial family, among whom Feng Ba and Feng Hong were the Kings of the Northern Yan.
孝文帝改革
"And played a positive role in the social development at that time. Others, such as Feng Xi, Feng Zizong, Feng Sufu, Feng Ziming, Feng Yuanchang, Feng Shan, Feng Mu, Feng Embarrassing, etc., all have high officials and rich salary and prominent status. Through marriage, they are closely associated with the Xianbei aristocrats in power, and their fame is always important
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In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius's father Kong Chao, one of the "Six Yi Bamboo Streams" who was friends with Li Bai, Kong Ji (a letter from the Ministry of Rites) who was friends with Han Yu, and Kong Rugui (a letter from the Ministry of Works) and Kong Wei (a letter from the Official Officials) were all Xin Du people. They are known to the world for their literary talents and political achievements
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The astronomer Liu Zhuo in Sui Dynasty, the eminent Buddhist scholar Shu Dao 'an in Jin Dynasty, the painters Cheng Yi, Cheng Xiuji and his son and Zhao Bowen in Tang Dynasty (they were all disciples of the great painter Zhou Fang), Yin Shao who had compiled the Four Orders of Geomancies in the later Wei Dynasty, Zhao Juan who had a literary name in the household department of the Emperor Dezong in Tang Dynasty, Tian Kuang, Lu Zhongxian, Lu Duo and Zhang Cun (the in-law of Sima Guang) in the Song and Jin dynasties, Wang Bai, who wrote the Song of the Hundred in the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Jiucun and Wang Yuanfan of the Ming Dynasty are all the ancient Xindu (now Jizhou) listed in the history and showed in the literati at that time. The Book of Han called the Jizhou men generous, and the History of Song Dynasty called the Jizhou people "fearless and righteous, strong and jealous." Ma Zhen, Jing Hangru in the Five Dynasties, Zhang Tinghan, Fu Sirong and Geng Quanbin in the Northern Song Dynasty were famous generals who were able to resist foreign aggression. In the years of the war in the "Ji Wild and many wars", there were many martial heroes in Xindu who suppressed the strong and resisted the violence. Such as the Ming and Qing dynasties appeared in the creation of the three emperor cannon fist boxing Song Meilun, the Eight Trigrams founder Dong Haichuan famous disciples Yin Fu and Liang Zhenpu, and can be compared with the swallow Li SAN Lei Sanqun and so on. They are legendary, maintaining and carrying forward the generous legacy of Yanzhao
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According to some historical records in the Qing Dynasty, because Jizhou was "small and narrow, the fields were not enough to raise, and there were many businesses." Its human beings can seek wealth from his county, from the capital, province, north to the jam. The rich merchants and magnates tend to be more prosperous and prosperous, and also moisten the countryside." Such as the end of the Qing Dynasty Huangcun people Wang Ruhong "camp business, set up premises in Beijing and Tianjin, Zhangjiakou where ten." For example, in Xinji, Nangong, Gaoyang, Jinan, Tianjin and other places in the business of the Jia family (Jia Weishan, Jia Dian SAN), their business is more extensive. It is worth mentioning that the ancient book industry run by the Sindu people, their footprints throughout the major cities in the north. For example, in Beijing Liulichang this cultural street, in the Qing Guangxu years, there are Wei Zhanliang brothers opened Wenyou Hall, Tan Xiqing opened body Zhai, Zhang Qingxia opened Hongjing Hall and so on. In their management, they not only made great contributions to the preservation of the cultural heritage of the motherland, but also cultivated many bibliographers such as Sun Dianqi and workers who sorted out ancient books
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The number of famous foreigners who have worked in Jizhou and become famous in history is even more difficult to count. For example, Zhang Chang of the Han Dynasty "Beijing omen Thrush", Su Zhang's "two days" clean performance, Jizhou governor Jia Dunyi of the Tang Dynasty known as "Dang foot Ji Shi", and Li Chong of the Song Dynasty known as "River Shuo three Ling" letter. There are also known as "Jizhou prodigy" Cui Hong of Jin and Yuan Haowan of Yuan Dynasty, for Su Shi appreciated Li Gefei, with Li He, Meng Jiao as a friend of Liu Yanshi (his poetry is praised as "he outside, the world can not compare"), good at writing regular script of the Ming Dynasty Taibu bodyguard Zhang Xin, and the Qing Dynasty Tongcheng School later scholars known as "Zeng men four disciples" Wu Rulun, etc., all with their prominent deeds, Profound knowledge, in the history of Jizhou, left an unforgettable chapter
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Han Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, Tang famous Yuchi Gong, Luo Cheng, Ming Dynasty Liu Yong, these famous people in the annals of history have left a lot of moving legends in my Jizhou Xindu land
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Landscape of Jizhou
The peasant insurrection army of all dynasties also ignited the prairie fire of resistance struggle here. The Tongma and Chimei uprisings in the Gengshi period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huangjin Uprisings in the Reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, the rebel forces of Ge Rong and Mahaana Daoist Faqing in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the rebel forces of Liu Hei in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Liu Liu and Liu Qi in the Ming Dynasty, and the rebel forces led by Liu Fangliang, a famous general under Li Zicheng in the Ming Dynasty, all sang mighty battle songs on the field of Xindu in Jizhou
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Zhu Yifui, the chief envoy of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Jizhou Nostalgia" :
Hengshan south to Fu Sage, Ji wild war more.
He six several Zengzhongtuoba, Zhu three Yuxing fear sand Tuo.
Eagle pan sad grass autumn transverse wild, horse with ice night across the river.
Cut off the Hukua people 礌 fall, when clear but listen to jujube flower song.
The sunset spent several deserted villages, old stories and details.
The disaster of the yellow scarf and the giant deer, the white bones of the plain.
馌 Tillage people go to the air spread Ji, summer pavilion famine spread about Yuan.
Unique Su Zhang left track in, two days did not allow to wear private grace.
The historical picture of ancient Jizhou will give people useful reference, and the ancient Jizhou with the fragrance of history will also inspire people to make new achievements in the future journey
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