Jian Wu

Fan Ye Later Han Dynasty · Guangwu Emperor Ji Jian Wu only to thirty-one years. The following year is written as the year of the Middle Yuan, followed by "change the year to the Middle Yuan." Sima Biao "Continued Han Shu · Sacrificial records" "to Jianwu thirty-two years Jianwu Zhongyuan The first year ".

renew Three years (25) September, Red Eyebrow Force Into Chang 'an, Emperor Gengshi of Han Flee, the regime dies. In October, surrender Red Brow, will Great seal ribbon To the emperor with red eyebrows Liu Penzi . In June of the same year, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself Emperor with the title Han, which was the Eastern Han Dynasty and the title Jianwu.

Be crowned emperor

In June 25 AD, it was already "interstate data, with a million" Liu Xiu With the support of all, on Hebei (Province) 鄗 city (Present Hebei Province Xingtai The city Baixiang county Guchengdian Town ) of Thousand Autumn Pavilion That is, the emperor, for the purpose of indicating the revival of the Han chamber, Liu Xiu still used the state title of "Han", known in history as the later Han (the late Tang Dynasty after five generations also according to the capital city Luoyang Located in the east, the Han Dynasty founded by Liu Xiu was called the Eastern Han Dynasty), and Liu Xiu was Emperor Guangwu of Han Shizu.

Destroy red eyebrows, wipe out Guanto

In October of the first year of Jianwu (25 AD), Liu Xiu made Luoyang his capital. At this time, Chang 'an was in extreme chaos, and the Red Eyebrows army installed a puppet emperor Liu Penzi A world-building regime was established, 300,000 troops marched in Central Guanzhong , renew Send all will and red eyebrow army battle, all defeated, very heavy casualties, three auxiliary vibration! Soon after, he began to surrender and was awarded the title The King of Changsha After the red eyebrows hanged. Liu Xiuwen green forest, red eyebrows two big Insurrectionary army There was a fire, too Deng Yu West into the Guanzhong, to observe the change of time. During this period, three auxiliary hunger, people eat, the city is empty, white bones cover wild, red eyebrows hundreds of thousands of troops in Chang 'an, the day is short of food and grass, had to withdraw Chang 'an west go A surname In order to supplement the grain, the result is to cut up the long right A surname The defeat was just a severe winter, "when the snow falls, the pits and valleys are full, Store Freezing to death ", the hundreds of thousands of troops of Red Mei had to return to the east again to Chang 'an, and defeated the army of Deng Yu stationed there, forcing it to withdraw from Chang 'an, but at this time Red Eyebrow Force Also suffered a great cost. Deng Yu fought several battles with Chimei and occupied Chang 'an for a time, but was eventually defeated by Chimei and had to withdraw. See Deng Yu's west expedition unfavorable, Liu Xiu sent Feng Yi He went to Guanzhong and took command of the western expedition in place of Deng Yu. After Feng Yi arrived, Deng Yu combined with Feng Yi department and red eyebrows again, the result was a big defeat, Feng Yi only a few people abandon horses to walk to get away from the camp, and Deng Yu is lost Yiyang . Feng Yi gathered to disperse the subordinates, the wall clear, ready to fight again. Soon, Feng Yi Army and red eyebrow battle again tristate (now Henan Mianchi southwest), both sides poured out, has been fighting until the sun is west.

Before this, Feng Yi selected strong men in advance to change into the same costume as the Red eyebrows Army, lying on both sides of the road, at this time to see that both sides have failed, ambush soldiers killed, red eyebrows army was shocked and defeated, more than 80,000 people were forced to land by Feng Yi. Crest battle The red Eyebrows Army was hit hard again, and the food and grass were exhausted, and they had to turn to the southeast again, trying to supplement the food and people, and get out of the predicament. As long ago as before the Xiaodi War, Liu Xiu, in view of the famines in Guanzhong and the heavy army of people eating each other and being in the West, expected that Chimei would have to move eastward or southward, so he dispatched the traitors General Hou Jin Waitun Tan Yen (now Henan Mianchi East), Jianwei general Geng Yan The chariot Yiyang (now the west of Yiyang, Henan Province), in the east and south directions to block the road to the east or south. Soon, Liu Xiu learned that Feng Yi was using Xiaodi to puncture his red eyebrows, and Red Eyebrow Force The main force of more than ten people go south to Yiyang, Liu Xiu personally led the army to aid Yiyang line, and Geng Yan et al., together to block red eyebrow southbound.

Liu Xiu affinity The six armies Spread out the army on the Yiyang front, Dassima Wu and Han The best soldiers in front, the middle army behind, Valiant horse The soldiers and armored warriors are on the left and right sides. The soldiers of the Red Eyebrows Army were exhausted and starved of food and grass, and their morale was as low as a stone. After their defeat, they turned south from Guanzhong to Yiyang and ran head-on against Liu Xiu's heavy army, who were running out of food Red Eyebrow Force Unable to fight again, and there is Feng Yi's army behind, and it is impossible to return to Guanzhong. In a desperate situation, there are hundreds of thousands of troops and horses red eyebrow army helpless in Yiyang forced surrender, and presented to Liu Xiu from renew The emperor's place passed down the imperial seal and the seven-foot sword. When Red Mei came down, the weapons and armour they handed over were piled up on the west side of Yiyang and on its side Xiong 'er The mountain (named for its resemblance to Bear's Ears, east of Yiyang) is as high. At this point, since Xinmang Tianfeng five years, the red eyebrow Army in Shandong for more than ten years was stifled by Liu Xiu in a pool of blood. While fighting fiercely with the Red Eyebrows in Guanzhong, Liu Xiu fought in Kanto (i.e Hangu Pass East) line also sent General of the Tiger Teeth Gueyen The leading generals are against each other Liang King Liu Yong The Eastern Expedition was carried out. Liu Yong, King of Liang Xiao of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Wu The eighth generation of the Sun, his family on behalf of the king of Liang, according to the Liang land, so in the Liang land known reputation, great reputation.

Wang Mang When he was regent, his father was King Liang Liu Li He was killed by Wang Mang because of the Wai family of Emperor Lian Ping. Emperor Gengshi established Liu Yongfu as King of Liang, according to the old land. After the beginning of the change of government chaos, Liu Yong then launched an army according to the state, based on his brother Liu Fang Auxiliary Grand General Recruit the Pei people Zhou Jian and other heroes as its commanders, and attack Qi Yin, Shanyin, Pei, Chu, Huaiyang, Runan Such as twenty-eight cities, and sent to worship Dong Xian as the Yi Han general (and later named the king of Haixi), Zhang Bu The auxiliary Han general (and later the king of Qi), together with the army, then concentrated on the East. renew After the defeat, Liu Yong called himself the Son of Heaven A surname Ascend the throne. For Liu Xiu, Liu Yong, who is near Suiyang in the East, is the greatest threat to him Military clique Liu Yong's Suiyang is close to Luoyang, threatening the security of the capital Luoyang at all times. Since the beginning of Jianwu two years, Liu Xiu has sent General of the Tiger Teeth Gaiyan and Jianwei General Geng Yan respectively pacified Liu Yong and Qingzhou Zhang Bu, especially Geng Yan and Qi Wang Zhang Bu's battle, extremely fierce, "the city is full of gully, 90 miles of zombies." During this period, Liu Xiu also personally invaded the Haixi King Dong Xian and won a great victory. By the beginning of the sixth year of Jianwu, Kanto was basically decided by Liu Xiu.

Take control of the whole country

From the first year of Jianwu (25 AD) to the beginning of the sixth year of Jianwu (31 AD), after nearly six years of east and west conquest, Liu Xiu had basically controlled the vast Central Plains except Longyou and Bashu, and basically unified the eastern part of China with the northwest Longyou people Bashu (a county in Sichuan Province) the Gong Sunshu Formed a strong position.

In April of the fifth year of Jianwu (30 AD), Emperor Guangwu To Chang 'an, Kui Xiao will send Jianwei General Geng Yan Seven Generals from Longxi Attack on Shu. A prominent dissident, and sent generals Wang Yuan Led troops according to Longodi (now northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi), the city block road to stop the Han Army attack. In April, Han Jun along Weibei Plain turn Longshan County Yang attack Longodi, the result was a great defeat. Wang Yuan chase, lucky Mawu After the rate of fine riding was broken, the Han Army was able to withdraw. Liu Xiu stayed Geng Yanshou Chixian County (now Binxian County, Shaanxi), Feng Yishou Cotoneaster (northeast of today's Xunyi County, Shaanxi), Yi County (south of today's Longxian county, Shaanxi), and Wu Han from Luoyang to the west, gathering forces in Chang 'an. Kui Xiao took advantage of the victory party to attack Cotoneaster, Wang Yuan took liver County, and were defeated. It was cut off from Hexi at that time Dou Rong Under Liu Xiu, they attacked Jincheng (now Gansu Province) Lanzhou (capital of Gansu Province) Northwest of the city), beat the help of Xiao Xiao Qiang ethnic minority Powerful He Feng and other departments, the enemy. General Xiao Horse backing He also belonged to the Han Dynasty when he was an anti-Han. Emperor Guangwu gave him a fine horse of five thousand yuan, consigned his relatives and Qiang clan leaders, and divided and disbanded Mr. Xiao from within. A letter to Liu Xiu expressed goodwill, an attempt to take this as a delaying measure, failed. He sent an envoy to Gongsun Shu.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianwu (31 AD), Gongsun Shu made Wang Xiao King of Shuoning and sent troops to aid Long. Autumn, the pace of the step riding 30,000 attack Anding (Koriji Takahei, today Ningxia Guyuan ), into the Yin frame (now Gansu Jingchuan east). Another force was sent to attack Gan County in an attempt to seize Guanzhong. Offer sacrifices to the dead Beat them separately. The following spring, Laixi County Led two thousand troops, secret from the Fan Shu, back, occupied Lueyang County Threats are made Ji County . Kui Xiao concentrated the elite counter-offensive strategy Positive number The month is not yet. Leap April, Liu Xiu use a strong city, soldiers tired of the opportunity to invade Gaoping first city, Dou Rong also rate Hexi step to ride tens of thousands of troops to meet. Han army branch into the long mountain, recruit the guard of Warting Niu Han Thirteen of them are waiting for Mr. Wang. County 16, the army more than 100 thousand are down, slightly Yang encircling solution. A surname fled to the West with the rest of his people. Han occupation Cheonsugun . At the time of the revival of the peasant army, the capital division was in turmoil, and Emperor Guangwu rushed back to Luoyang. In November of the same year, Cen Pengshui During the siege of Xi Cheng, Wang Yuan, Xing Xing, Zhou Zong He led 5,000 Shu reinforcements to arrive and counterattacked from the highlands, but the Han army was caught off guard. Wang Yuan and others rushed into the West City and welcomed Wang Xiao into Ji. When the Han army supply difficulties, food has been exhausted, all departments were forced out of Longxi. A thief cleans up the mess and takes it away again Zhanlong County West County. Kui Xiao died in the first month of the ninth year. All the people extol their young sons 隗纯 For the king.

In August of the seventh year of Jianwu (32 AD), Geng Yan, Kou Xun The first city of Gao Ping. In October, Laixi, Gaiyan break down the door, Wang Yuan fled to Gongsun Shu, 隗纯 and other surrender. The battle lasted four years, and Longxi began to be pacified. After the Pinglong War, Liu Xiu launched an offensive against GongSunshu in Yizhou from both the north and south.

In March, the eleventh year of Jianwu (35 AD), Wu Han led the Jingzhou army 60,000, 5,000 horses, in Jingmen Rendezvous with Cen Peng, west along the Yangtze River to Shu; Laixi, Gaiyan led the army from Longxi south attack River pool Enter Shu. On the southern front, the Cenpeng army went up Jiangxi, captured Jingmen, captured Cheng Xun, and beheaded him Expiration of term of office , A surname Retreat to Jiangzhou (now north of Chongqing in Sichuan Province) Jialing River North Shore), Peng Suiyou The Three Gorges Drive straight into the river Pass. Counties along the way, the army is pressing Jiangzhou. In June of the same year, the North road to the Shean army defeated Wang Yuan, Huan An army, and broke the lower discriminating (now Gansu province Cheng County Northwest), river pool, into the Shu. Gong Sunshu Send someone to assassinate Laixi County Liu Xiu sent General Liu Shang to continue to lead the army south. Jiangzhou Chenggu Grain, not easy to break, Cenpeng then left troops besieged, since the rate of the main point Dianjiang (present-day Sichuan Hechuan ) and defeated Pingqu (present-day Hechuan East of Sichuan Province). Gongsun told him to command Jenzen Lv Yu, Wang Yuan, and Gong Sunhui led their forces to resist Guanghan (Zhangtong County, now part of Sichuan Province), Zizhong County (present-day Sichuan 资阳 ), another pie Hou Dan Twenty thousand people refused to defend Huangshi (Hengshi Beach, northeast of Fuling, Sichuan). Sempenju Zang Palace In Pingqu rejected the Shu army main force Yancen, and since the army returned to Jiangzhou, Jiangxi, attacked Huangshi, more than two thousand miles, detour The Minjiang River (in Shandong Province) Midstream, occupy Wuyang (now Pengshandong Province, Sichuan), attack Quandu (present-day Sichuan Chengdu Shinan, northeast bank of Minjiang River). Gongsunshu sent an assassin to kill Cen Peng. Liu Xiuming Wu and Han Take 30,000 men to the front, take over Zempen Command.

In January of the 12th year of Jianwu (36 AD), Wu and Han were defeated Shu's Army Yu Fujin (now Sichuan Province Meishan They besieged Wuyang and wiped out more than 5,000 Shu reinforcements. West to break the Guangdu, approaching Chengdu. Wu Han eager to win, the rate of 20,000 steps to attack Chengdu, the army was defeated. Wu Han immediately changed tactics, by night secret retreat to the south bank of the Jinjiang River with deputy Liu Shang, and force against the enemy, turning defeat into victory. After that, according to the tactics of Liu Xiu, Wu Han fought with the Shu army between Chengdu and Guangdu, wiped out a large number of GongSunshu's effective forces, and reached the city of Chengdu. In November, Zang Palace attacked Kefan (present-day Sichuan Peng County Northwest China), 郫 (present Sichuan Province Pixian County He joined forces with Wu and Han to encircle Chengdu. Gongsunshu recruited 5,000 dare to die soldiers Jiao Yancen command, ready for the decisive battle. Yancen defeated Wu Han at Shiqiao (now a southern suburb of Chengdu, Sichuan Province). Wu Han conceals the elite and seduces the enemy by showing weakness. Gongsunshu attacked rashly, the Shu army was defeated, and GongSunshu was severely wounded and died (see the Battle of Guangdu and Chengdu). Yancen saw that the tide was turning, and the Chengdu garrison dropped. [15]

From the first year of Jianwu to the twelfth year of Jianwu (AD 36), it took Liu Xiu twelve years after he ascended the throne to finally conquer the world, making the ancient China, which had been divided and fought for years since the end of Xinmang, once again unified.

Liu Xiu (6 BC - 29 March 57 AD), styled Uncle Wen, Namyang Caiyang county People, born Chenliu County Jiyang county , The Eastern Han Dynasty (206 B.C.) dynasty Founding emperor Temple name Shizu, posthumous name Guangwu Emperor, a famous politician and strategist in Chinese history. Sinmang In the last years, the collapse of the sea, the world is in chaos, as a cloth but have the former dynasty blood Liu Xiu in his hometown. In 25 AD, Liu Xiuhe renew When the regime broke openly, Nanqianqiuting of Hebei 鄗 ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, [3-4] in order to express Liu's renewed prosperity, he still took "Han" as his imperial title and was known as "Eastern Han" in history.

After 12 years of unification war, Liu Xiu has flattened the Kanto, A surname West Shu and other places Separatist regime The end of nearly twenty years since the end of Xinmang warlordism And secession situation. Liu Xiu reigned thirty-three years, great prosperity Confucianism The Eastern Han Dynasty was also praised by later generations of historians as the era of "the most beautiful weathering and the most prosperous Confucianism" in Chinese history.

Jianwu Zhongyuan At the beginning of February 5, 57 AD, Liu Xiu died in the front hall of the Southern Palace at the age of sixty-two. The will said, "I am of no use to the people, and my future affairs shall be in accordance with filial piety. Imperial system Be sure to economize. Neither the governor nor the two thousand stone officials should leave their places Cities and towns Do not send officials or send condolence letters by post. After the death of Liu Xiu, his son Liu Zhuang He took the throne and buried Liu Xiuyu on March 5 of the same year Yuan mausoleum Temple number Shizu, posthumous title Guangwu Emperor.

renew : Emperor Gengshi of Han Liu Xuan Year number, February '23 - September' 25

Hanfu : A surname Year number, 23 years July - October '34

Long Hung : Gong Sunshu Year number: April 25 - November 36

Founding: Liu Penzi Year number, June '25 -' 27 The first month of the intercalary season