Yangcheng

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Shun Yu capital in early Xia Dynasty

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Yu Du Yang City Ruins, also known as The ancient city of Wangchenggang , located in Henan (Province) province Zhengzhou The city Dengfeng City Chengzhen Wang Chenggang. Project to explore the source of Chinese civilization One of the first six major cities, it covers an area of about 300,000 square meters, and the existing area is about 10,000 square meters. After archaeological excavations, Henan enseal Wangchenggang Henan Longshan culture The discovery of large urban sites and moats in the late period has attracted great attention and attention from the academic circle. According to our country Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dynastic history Research shows that Yangcheng was built around 2070 BC, when Yu was in Zhengzhou Dengfeng Wangcheng Gang Founded the first dynasty in our history Xia Dynasty . ^[1-2]

The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544) Li Daoyuan " Annotations of the Water Classics "Records:" Yingshui River By its county (Yangcheng) south of the city, Shun Zen Yu, Yu Shun Shangjun County , Beuil Avoid it, and do so." ^[3]

Yangcheng site belongs to Neolithic age The city site is a place Western Henan Longshan culture The type is mainly in the middle and late period, with the earliest Neolithic age Peiligang culture And equivalent to the Xia Dynasty Erlitou culture with Shang and Zhou Dynasties Sites of culture. Now be National key cultural relics protection units .

Project to explore the source of Chinese civilization The first stage achieved fruitful results, the initial outline of 2500 BC to 1500 BC Yao and Shun Dynasties The social picture of the Xia and Shang dynasties. In the first phase of the study, Central Plains The area includes Yudu Yangcheng site Including six large scale and high grade during the Xia Dynasty centrality The city is included in the research focus. ^[4]

Chinese name: Yangcheng
setting: Wang Chenggang, Gaocheng Town, Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province
Grade of cultural relics: National key cultural relics protection units

Site age: From 2469 BC to 1543 BC
Site culture layer: Henan Longshan culture
nature: Xia Dynasty Early Shunyu capital ^[2]

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Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Around 2070 BC, emperor shun seal yu The Xia Dynasty was established in Yangcheng. In the thirty-third year of Emperor Shun's reign, he officially gave the throne of the Son of Heaven to Yu. Seventeen years later, shun Died on a southern tour. At the end of three years of mourning, Yu took refuge in Yangcheng and ceded the throne to Shun's son Shangjun County . However, all the princes of the world left Shangjun and went to court before King Yu. Under the support of the vassals, Yu officially became the king, with the title of "Xia". ^[1-2] ^[5-6]
The Spring and Autumn period State of Zheng Cities.
Qin Dynasty Setup Yangcheng county , belong to Yingchuan County . The old city is in the southeast of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, because of the territory Yangseongsan Named.
Long live Tang first year, change Caicheng county .
After five dynasties, Zhou was abandoned as a town.

Historical record

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● Eastern Han Dynasty Song Zhong "Shibenju" recorded: "Xia Yu capital Yangcheng, avoid Shangjun County Aye. Yangcheng is in the south of Daliang, today A surname The dredge instrument is also." ^[7]

The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544) Li Daoyuan Notes on Water Classics records: Yingshui River By its county (Yangcheng), so the south of the city, Shun Chan Yu, Yu shun Shang, Bo Yi shun Qi, and here also. ... Yingshui from 堨 east Jing Yangzhai county So north of the city, Xia Yu It was originally sealed here, called Xia State. Therefore, King Wu said to Zhou: Do you have a summer residence? Suying Luo Yi. Xu Guang said: Yangcheng, Henan province, Yangzhai is Xia Di also. "Spring and Autumn Classics" book, autumn, Zheng Bo burst into oak. Zuo Zhuan said: In the fifteenth year of Huan Gong, he suddenly killed Tan Bai and settled there. Fu Qian said: Tan Bo, Zheng Shou oak doctor, oak, Zheng Dadu. Song Zhong said: Today Yang Zhai. Over the weekend, Han Jinghou moved from Xinzheng to the capital. Wang Yin said: Yang Zhai, this oak also. So Yingchuan county government also. In the west of the city is the Stele of Guo Fengxiao. Side water has "nine mountain temple monument", Yibo Youmao, North pillow river flow also. ^[1]
" Shih Chi , Charbon period "After three years of mourning, Yu resigned the son of Pai Shun Shangjun County Yu Yangcheng."
Shiji, Xia Benji, Jijie, quoted Liu Xi Said: "Yingchuan Yangcheng is also".
"Water Jing notes · Ying water" under, said: "Yingwater out of Yangcheng county Shaoshi mountain", note: "Yingwater east combined five water, Yangcheng County so south city. In the past, Yu shunned Shang Jun, Beuil avoid Rev. And here. Also Zhou Gongyi Earth gnomon The sun view. County south to skip mountain." today Dengfeng county 30 miles southeast of here Chengzhen Out of town west gate half a mile more than five river; Out of the south gate about a mile from the west to the east of the ying water. Wudu River into Yingshui is in the southwest of the town. South look at the skip mountain, only a dozen miles. Town outside the north gate more than 100 steps to Zhou Gong Surveying platform . Yangcheng County of Han Dynasty experienced Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Sui, the name is not much different. Until Long Live Don enseal The first year is because "something will happen Songshan Mountain It was changed to Jicheng County."
" History of the Han Dynasty · Geography · Yingchuan · Yangzhai County Sebon "," chronology It is said that Yu lived in Yangcheng.

Geographical position

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EDITOR

Yangcheng site , also known as The ancient city of Wangchenggang , National key cultural relics protection units . Neolithic age The city is located in Henan Province, China Zhengzhou municipal enseal The city Chengzhen About 0.5 km northwest of the earth hill, the local people called "Wang Chenggang". The site covers an area of about 300,000 square meters, and the existing area is about 10,000 square meters Western Henan Longshan culture type mainly in the middle and late period, both the earliest Neolithic age Peiligang culture And equivalent to the Xia Dynasty Erlitou culture with Shang and Zhou Dynasties Sites of culture.

Archaeological excavation

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Yangcheng unearthed cultural relics

The leader of the Wangchenggang archaeological excavation, School of Archaeology, Peking University Professor Liu Xu Say, Yu Du Yang City There are several theories, Dengfeng Wangcheng Gang The reason is the most sufficient one, it is consistent with the age and location of Yudu Yang City recorded in the literature, the dispute is that the original found city site is too small, not commensurate with Yudu. The discovery of the great city makes it qualified for the name of Yu Du in time, place and scale, and the possibility that Yu Du is in the Wangcheng Gang is increasing.

For decades Wangchenggang Site Excavation and research work Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology expert Fang Yanming The newly discovered Dacheng at the Wangchenggang site, covering an area of about 300,000 square meters, is the largest found in Henan Henan Longshan culture The late city site provides strong evidence for the theory that Wang Chenggang is "Yu Du Yang City".

In addition, buried material was found very close to the city walls and moats Human bone The discovery of sacrificial pits, human skulls at the bottom of the moats, and high-specification relics such as jade cong and white pottery, which reflect the identity of the users, all indicate that the site is ancient Central Plains Regionally important Central settlement One of them. ^[4]

Yangcheng unearthed cultural relics

The year 1975 Henan (Province) The provincial department of cultural relics and Archaeology has carried out large-scale archaeological work and confirmed that Wangchenggang Castle is two side by side. The East city was destroyed by the Wudu River's westward movement, leaving only the western section of the South Wall with a residual length of about 30 meters and the southern section of the West Wall with a residual length of about 65 meters. The outline of the rammed earth city in the West City was basically clear, and the four walls were mostly preserved. The western wall is slightly square and about 400 meters in circumference. The east wall of the west city is also the west wall of the east city, the south wall is about 82.4 meters long, the west wall is about 92 meters long, and the east section of the north wall is damaged by water, and the remaining length is about 29 meters. In the city site, there are still rammed earth buildings and other remains from the same period as the city wall, such as "foundation pits" and cellars. A total of seven complete skeletons have been unearthed in several "foundation pits". These deaths are related to the foundation. A large number of pottery, stone tools, Bone object And other living utensils and production utensils. The pottery is sandy and muddy, the pottery color is gray, and there are brown pottery and black pottery. The surface is richly decorated Basket pattern and Check pattern , and have Nail print Chord pattern. It was also found The early bronzes A relic. Its vision is similar to that of the" yu Living in Yangcheng "matches. Explore on... Summer culture Of great value. Dengfeng Wangchenggang excavation and Yu County The excavations of Wadian are based on documents that say the Xia State once built its capital there. Especially Dengfeng King City, according to documents, Xia Yu, the first king, once built a capital there. The documents say that the Xia State built its capital here, and we came here to look for it, and we just found the equivalent Longshan culture The late ruins. ^[4]

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