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Rotterdam

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The second largest city in the Netherlands
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Rotterdam is Netherlands The second largest city, located in the west of the Netherlands South Holland The Nieuwe Maas river, including the suburbs, has a total population of about 1.02 million. The name comes from the small river Lute that empties into the Nieuwe Maas in the city center, and from the Dutch word Dam. Rotterdam has long been Europe's largest seaport, having been the world's largest port in terms of container traffic in the 1980s and the world's 10th largest in 2010.
In July 2019, it was listed in Xinhua - Baltic Sea International shipping center Development index 6th place [1] . December 26, 2019, ranked Top 500 global Cities in 2019 Number 85 on the list. [2]
Chinese name
Rotterdam
Foreign name
Rotterdam
Subordinate region
South Holland
Area product
319.4 km²
Climatic condition
Temperate maritime climate
Population number
623,700 (2015)
Famous scenic spot
The Port of Rotterdam , Defhafen , The Bomans Art Museum , Dike for children
Railway station
Rotterdam Central Station
alderman
Ahmed Abtalib
Sea bulldog
0 m
High school
Erasmus University Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences

catalogue

  1. 1Historical evolution
  2. 2Geographical environment
  3. 3political
  4. 4economy
  5. 5society
  6. ▪education
  1. ▪Physical education
  2. 6traffic
  3. ▪Harbor
  4. ▪highroad
  5. ▪railway
  6. ▪lighter
  7. 7culture
  1. ▪Food culture
  2. ▪specialty
  3. ▪unit
  4. 8travel
  5. ▪Defhafen
  6. ▪The Bomans Art Museum
  7. ▪Dike for children
  1. ▪Delta engineering
  2. ▪museum
  3. ▪Travel guide
  4. 9Honor received

Historical evolution

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EDITOR
Rise from the swamp
Rotterdam
Rotterdam has risen and fallen several times in its history. It was originally a fishing village near the river Lute, which in ancient times flowed from the marshes of South Holland Maas Rotterdam is named after the river Rotterdam. In 1250, a dam was built on the north bank of the Maas River, separating the Lute River from the Maas River by a gate. In 1340, Wilhelm IV, Count of the Netherlands, was in charge of Rotterdam Canal with Delft and Leighton The connection made Rotterdam prosperous. Much of the city was destroyed by fire in 1563. In 1572, Rotterdam was Spanish army Occupied and plundered, and after a few months the Spanish retreated. There were many from that time Belgium Antwerp Merchants and artisans settled in Rotterdam, and the city entered a period of recovery and development.
The Rotterdam Wetlands
In the 16th century, the city of Rotterdam was gradually developed, and many ports were dug out of the mud land, laying the foundation for foreign traffic and trade. By the 18th century; Rotterdam's foreign trade was more prosperous, focusing on France and England, where ships also sailed Indonesia And America. By the 19th century, Rotterdam was in Entrepot trade Has become increasingly important. Since the reunification of Germany in 1870, in the Rhine region, especially in Ruhr The region industrialised and Rotterdam developed accordingly. with Capitalist economy Rapidly develop and Suez Canal Its navigation, especially the connection of the railway to the southern city in 1877 and the construction of a new channel of the canal to the North Sea in 1895, made it possible Transport condition Much improved. Urban sprawl, port Transport network By the beginning of the 20th century, Rotterdam had become the largest port in the Netherlands and one of the best equipped ports in the world. World War II During this time, Rotterdam suffered great losses. On May 14, 1940, Luftwaffe The city was bombarded so extensively that the entire city center and vast areas of the east were completely destroyed, including the 15th century building St. Lawrence Cathedral Among many Public building Was reduced to rubble. Only the city government, General post Office , Stock exchange The Boymans Museum and other buildings survived. Rotterdam's Waal Port Airport (Europe's first Civil airport ) was also damaged. In the autumn of 1944, the German army also destroyed the city facilities, such as the ocean-going freighters with a total length of more than 7,700 meters docklands And about 40% of the dock equipment was damaged.
Reconstruction and development
After the war, the municipality embarked on a reconstruction program and expropriated the entire destroyed area. Port facility The reconstruction was completed in 1949, and sea traffic was gradually restored. In the 1960s and 1770s, the port of Bottlake and Petrochemical industry The Baer River, 23 meters deep, 400-600 meters wide and 12 kilometers long, will be excavated and the port of Europoort will be built. Port and industrial area from World War II After 26.3 in the mid-1970s Square kilometer It expanded to 100 square kilometers, making Rotterdam the largest port in the world since 1961. It has 400 pieces Sea route To all parts of the world, about 31,000 sea vessels and 180,000 to 200,000 inland vessels call at the port every year. Annual port cargo Handling capacity Up to 300 million tons, handling more than 4 million containers Standard box . Harbor equipment Advanced, with mechanized loading docks, large warehouses and Cold storage Is one of the world's largest container ports (the rest are Hong Kong, Singapore , Kaohsiung New York, etc.). The port can berth 300,000-500,000 tons of giant Oil tanker . Import and transit Bulk cargo There are petroleum, petroleum products, ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and so on. The main objects of import and export are Germany, Britain, France, Italy and other EU countries.
Rotterdam today
City view of Rotterdam
After more than half a century of development, the Netherlands has become an economically developed country, it is European Economic Community One of the first member states, which Gross national product per capita Among the top in Europe. It has the largest industrial range in Europe refinery , Shipbuilding industry Very developed, petrochemical, household appliances, electronic instruments, dairy processing, margarine It enjoys a high reputation in the world. In addition, car assembly, Construction machinery , railway equipment, Light industry (Paper, clothing, coffee, tea, cocoa, cigarettes, beer ) and other manufacturing departments.
Stepping into Rotterdam is like being in a big new city. Its urban construction planning is implemented in accordance with the new layout after the Second World War, and the buildings are basically newly built after the war, with a novel and unique appearance Western Europe Style, unique shape, colorful. The city has large banks, insurance companies and International trade center Institution. In the old town, many streets are paved with stone, retaining the appearance of hundreds of years ago. Rotterdam is a city located along the Maas River. There are many rivers in the city, and there are all kinds of boats moored along the river. Near the buildings, on the river and beside the bridge, the unique Dutch windmills can be seen everywhere, forming a picturesque scene.
Rotterdam at night
The city transportation is very convenient, there are buses, tram Subway and all kinds of boats. The bus often has to cross the bridge, river, in River network Drive in and out. The streets of the city are neat and clean, and its biggest feature is that the residents' floor Windows are raised with colorful flowers, which is a veritable European port Garden city . In the suburbs there are many vegetable gardens and flower beds growing a variety of vegetables and flowers. The shops are full of things. Market supply Most of the goods sold are products from the European Community. On the street gallop There are Italian, German and Japanese cars. Home appliances are available, except in the Netherlands Philips In addition to products, there are Japan SONY , Panasonic , Hitachi And Germany Siemens The company's products. Communication, post and telecommunications developed, public streets Telephone booth It can be seen everywhere, and it is convenient to communicate with the outside world. There are restaurants, restaurants and fast food restaurants of different countries, and overseas Chinese restaurants serve authentic Chinese food.
Rotterdam is also a famous city Tourist city It receives many tourists from all over the world every day. There are many museums in the city, gallery , parks, libraries, cinemas and odeum . People's life not only has a strong cultural atmosphere, but also can make full use of leisure time to seek the fun of life.

Geographical environment

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EDITOR
Rotterdam (51°55' N, 4°29' E) is the second largest city in the Netherlands and the largest port in Europe. Eurasian land bridge The west bridgehead (East bridgehead is China Lianyungang City), located in Europe Rhine with Maas The confluence. Rotterdam is located in the Netherlands South Holland , Nieuwe Maas River. It's the largest in Europe harbor It was even the largest seaport in the world until recent years. The whole city is spread on both sides of the Maas River, about 25 kilometers from the North Sea, which is connected by a new waterway. The waters of the port area are deep and wide, and inland vessels can pass unimpeded, Outer harbour The deep water pier can harbor giant cargo ships and supertanker . Rotterdam takes its name from the small river that empties into the Nieuwe Maas in the city centre and from the Dutch word Dam. Rotterdam connects Europe, America, Asia, Africa and Australia Five continents Important port, known as the "gateway to Europe" said. The urban area of the city is more than 200 square kilometers and the port area is more than 100 square kilometers. The city has a population of 570,000, including the surrounding area Satellite town A total of 1.024 million. Rotterdam is flat and located in a low part of the Netherlands, below Sea level About seven meters.
Its northeastern satellite city of Alexanderstad is 6.7 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the Netherlands, and has 175,000 residents. Rotterdam has mild winters and cool summers, with January being the coldest month, Mean air temperature 1℃, the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 17℃, Annual precipitation 700 mm. Rotterdam is located in the southwest of the Netherlands on the Rhine River and The New Maas River The estuary, 28 km across the North Sea, is the largest port in the world and the second largest city in the Netherlands. Rotterdam except for the larger older ones guildhall In addition, the famous buildings are modern, so it is known as "the more modern city in Europe". Climb the 185-meter high, known as" euromast "The high tower can have a bird's eye view of the city.

political

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EDITOR
Ahmed Abtalib
On January 5, 2009, the Netherlands - Morocco Dual nationality Ahmed Abtaleb was elected mayor of Rotterdam.
But the Rotterdam party Parliamentary group Strongly opposed Ahmed Abtalib as mayor. After two days of meetings, the parliamentary group of the Rotterdam Anzak Party withdrew its dissatisfaction with the new mayor. Although Ahmed Abtalib is a Muslim of Moroccan descent who practices Islam, Ahmed Abtalib Not favoring his own people, he has vowed to deport Muslims who support the assassination of Vincent van Gogh. He has expressed strong opposition to some Islamic practices that are incompatible with Dutch society, such as women wearing headscarves.
Ahmed Abtalib was determined to create social harmony and promote the improvement of inter-ethnic friendship. So in his inaugural speech after being sworn in, he said, "The Times are changing and dazzling." This city was making strides under my predecessor. As far as I know, the city of Rotterdam has become safer, people are living in peace, and this is a well-known progress."

economy

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EDITOR
Rotterdam oil smelter
Most of the Netherlands Natural resources Relatively poor, Rotterdam is no exception, its raw materials such as oil, ore, coal and so on mainly rely on imports. But Rotterdam Humanistic resources Rich and is a cosmopolitan tourist destination, its old town centre Delforshaven and the ultra-modern and new city centre Futuristic architecture World-famous, the 185-meter "Voromaster" observation tower near the port is a tourist attraction. In addition, such as the old windmill in Tongti town, the early buildings in Gotha Town, etc., are attractions of Rotterdam, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists.
There is no doubt that policy plays a key role in urban economic development. Rotterdam, with a population of nearly 1.1 million, can become the largest port in the world. Free port policy Is playing an important role. 75% of Rotterdam's supply is re-exported, and the port area is" Bonded warehouse ", for sale and for sale Transit cargo The whole ship is stored and accepted only Storage expense Customs to the owner of the great convenience, in the formalities as far as possible to adapt to the transit, transit and distribution requirements of businessmen in various countries, in addition to drugs and arms, almost all commodities can be free to enter and exit, without type and quantity restrictions, port preferential policies greatly promoted Transit trade The development has attracted a large number of foreign ships and cargo transit, obtaining a large amount of freight. In addition, Western Europe The establishment of the common market reduced international barriers, allowing most goods from Western European countries to pass through Inland navigation To Rotterdam and then to other parts of the world, contributing to the construction and rapid development of Rotterdam. China learned from Rotterdam's experience in Lianyungang Set up Bonded area It is necessary.

society

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EDITOR

education

Rotterdam Erasmus University In 2019 Academic ranking of World universities in Soft science It ranks 68th in China and 69th in the latest World University Rankings 2020TIMES.
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences
Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool Rotterdam/Rotterdam University of Applied Science), located in Netherlands The University of Rotterdam was founded in 1988 as a university of applied sciences. Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences All majors and courses Teaching activity Are organized by the following schools: the School of Engineering, Trade management College, School of Management, School of Laboratory Curriculum and Chemical Technology, School of Service Management, School of Elementary Teacher Education, High School with Vocational education School of Teacher Education, School of Media, School of Nursing, School of Social Studies and Rotterdam Business School . The University of Applied Sciences Rotterdam offers bachelor's and Master's degree programs in Business Administration, consulting and management Science of enterprise , Logistics management, Financial accounting , International Business and Languages, Asia Market trade management, International business Management system Let's wait. Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences also offers two preparatory courses, one for the preparation of a student's degree in International Business Management Systems and the other for the preparation of a master's degree.
Erasmus University Rotterdam
The department of Economics and Business ranks 13th in the world, 2nd in Europe, and has one of the world's top 10 famous Mbas Rotterdam School of Management . School history Erasmus University Rotterdam is located in the famous modern trade Port city Rotterdam. Of the university History lesson Dating back to the early 20th century, the Dutch business people believed that the application type Higher education It was necessary for the rapid development of ports and commercial activities, so with their support, the private Dutch School of Economics was founded. 1973, Netherlands School of Economics and Rotterdam Medical school It merged to form Erasmus University Rotterdam. It is the only university in the Netherlands named after a famous scholar. Erasmus, born in Rotterdam, was a famous Dutch scholar and philosopher in the 15th century, who had an important impact on Dutch and even European history. Since its inception, the school has produced more than 1.5 million graduates, many of whom have gone on to become political leaders and businesses Top management Such as former Dutch Prime Minister Dr.RuudLubbers, World Trade Organization Director GENERAL Dr.SupachalPanitchakdi, et al.
The mission of Erasmus University Rotterdam is to Scientific progress and Social development Contribute. In keeping with the academic Code of ethics and International standard At the same time, the school creates a space for teachers and students to conduct free training and research. The school's internationalization trend is very clear, and includes Chinese Tsinghua University and Peking University More than 200 of them Internationally renowned university signed Academic exchange Many internationally renowned scholars are often invited to give lectures and lectures at the school. There are also many of the school's professors in government think tanks, various consulting firms and Industrial and commercial enterprise Middle and part-time jobs. Because almost all of them postgraduate Courses are taught in English, which attracts a large number of foreign students, with about 2,400 foreign students attending the school each year Degree program Or research jobs, of which 30% are from other EU countries and 15% are from other EU countries North America 地区，来自亚洲，特别是中国大陆的学生在逐步增加。
Basic theory Study and Applied science Research plays an equally important role in the work of the school. On the one hand, the school is committed to training students to become high-quality scholars, on the other hand, it also focuses on the integration of knowledge development and application of academic education, and takes an interdisciplinary approach Teaching mode So that the research can be both basic and applied. The university has a strong teaching force in the three fields of economic management, medicine and health, and law, which are also the key disciplines of the university. The university consists of seven schools and departments, namely: School of Economics, School of Management, School of Medicine, School of Law, Social Studies, History and Science Department of art Department of Philosophy. In addition, the university has more than 20 research institutes. Some of these institutes are co-established with other universities and are renowned in their respective fields of expertise, such as TinbergenInsititute (by Erasmus University , University of Amsterdam , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Co-construction), ERIM (co-construction by School of Economics and School of Management). There are 16,600 students in the school, including 440 doctoral students and 3,700 faculty members, and more than 1,800 people obtain various degrees every year. The school's annual budget amounts to 350 million euros.
The university adheres to international standards in education and research Quality control Among them, the majors of the School of Management and the School of Economics have been recognized by internationally renowned institutions (such as the American Society for Public Policy Analysis and Management) NASPAA , European Quality Improvement System EQUIS). It is worth mentioning that the School of Management (RSM) International MBA The major is very famous and ranks among the top in the world. The ERIM Institute is also ranked second in Europe by the LondonFinancialTimes. The University offers full-time and doctoral degrees in most of the above programs part-time In-depth research project
The school is located in Rotterdam, a famous modern trading port city. In the early 20th century, industry and trade believed that Applied higher education It was necessary for the rapid development of the port and for commercial activities, so it was founded by private individuals with their support Business schools in the Netherlands . In 1973, the Netherlands School of Economics and Rotterdam Medical School merged to form Erasmus University Rotterdam. It is the only university in the Netherlands named after a scholar. Erasmus has enjoyed a reputation in academic circles for centuries and is a man whom Rotterdam should always remember. Erasmus University aims to contribute to scientific progress and social development. For this purpose and in view of the current Social demand While adhering to academic ethics and international standards, the school provides teachers and students with an opportunity to conduct training and research freely. On the one hand, Erasmus University trains students to become high-quality scholars, on the other hand, it also pays attention to the integration of knowledge development and application of academic education, and adopts interdisciplinary education methods, so that the research is both basic and applied. In short, Erasmus University is a vibrant, practice-oriented and down-to-earth international university, which is reflected in its academic offerings.
The school participates in the "Europe Socrates It has signed agreements with about 200 universities inside and outside Europe, enabling it to International student Communication becomes more common. Today, 10% of students come from abroad, and this proportion will continue to grow because of the increase in the number of English courses in the past few years. The school has also added an English language program - Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Master's program . The Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences also offer master's programs in English and a very successful summer program. The school implements international standards of quality control in education and research. So, public administration and business Management major It has been recognized by internationally renowned organizations (such as the American Society for Public Policy Analysis and Management NASPAA, the European Quality Improvement System EQUIS). It is worth mentioning that the international MBA program of Rotterdam School of Management is very famous and ranks among the top in the world.
Business Administration/Commerce and Industry Information management Master's, Pollution prevention Studies, international law, Commercial trade Law, Urban Management, European metropolitan management, Health Services research, Medicine informatics , Genetic epidemiology Public Health, Business Management, International Business Management, Financial Management, Business Studies, Competition Law and Economics, Maritime Economics and Logistics, Hotel Management, Economics, Philosophy and Economics, International Public Administration and Economics Policy research , econometrics and Management science Economics and international business.
Master of Business Administration/Business Information Management Tuition Fee: MBA: 34,000 euros. MBA/MBI: €37,000 Educational background Diploma: Master Duration: One and a half years Age: 17 years or older Language Requirements: English language test 7.0 More than 50 students come from this major each year Country and region More than 150 students. applicant Mean age They are 29 years old, have an average working life of five and a half years, and about 95% come from more than 50 countries outside the Netherlands. Courses focus on information technology management, finance, Marketing strategy Companies, leaders, etc., pass on knowledge and develop students' abilities. Graduates can have excellent business work ability and calmly cope with the rapidly changing market.
Maritime Economics and Logistics Tuition Fee: 18,000 Euro Diploma: Master's Degree: One year Entry age: 18 + Language score: IELTS 6.0 This major aims to train students to work with advanced tools in the field of maritime transport, ports and logistics Effective decision The ability to correctly evaluate their decisions under a variety of complex systems is particularly suitable for young professionals with managerial potential in the maritime business and government sectors. This programme is offered by Erasmus in cooperation with the Port of Rotterdam.
International Law Tuition fee: 10,450 Euro Diploma: Master's Degree: One year Entry age: 18 + Language score: IELTS 7.0 This program is offered by the University of Rotterdam Law School, the Association for Globalization Studies, International economic law Opened in conjunction with the Dispute Settlement Association (GLODIS), it provides students with the opportunity to study the theory and implementation of international law and to study the international legal framework Global problem

Physical education

2011 World Table Tennis Championships It was held in Rotterdam from 5.8-5.15, 2011, and the men's singles champion has been produced Zhang Jike Ding Ning, women's singles champion, men's doubles champion: Marlon / Xu Xin , Women's doubles champions: Guo Yue / Li Xiaoxia , Mixed doubles champions: Zhang Chao / Cao Zhen . The five eight-man winners were all Chinese.

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EDITOR

Harbor

The Port of Rotterdam
The port of Rotterdam is located on the Rhine River Maas Estuary, west to the North Sea, east Rhine The Danube River can be reached Caspian Sea It is known as the "gateway to Europe". The port area is about 100 Square kilometer The total length of the dock is 42 kilometers, the deepest draft is 22 meters, and it can berth 545,000 tons Oil tanker . The port infrastructure is owned by the City of Rotterdam, daily port management by the Port Authority of Rotterdam is responsible, and various companies rent the port infrastructure development business.
World War II Later, with the European economic recovery and Common market The establishment of the Port of Rotterdam with superior Geographical position It developed rapidly: In 1961, the throughput exceeded for the first time New York harbor (180 million tons), making it the world's largest port. Since then, it has remained the world's largest port. In 2000, the throughput reached 320 million tons, a record high. More than 30,000 ships enter the port of Rotterdam every year, and more than 120,000 river ships sail to European countries. The Port of Rotterdam has the most advanced ECT container terminal in the world Volume of traffic Up to 6.4 million Standard box It ranks fourth in the world. The Port of Rotterdam Employed population More than 70,000 people, accounting for 1.4% of the country's employed population, Volume of freight traffic 78% of the country, Gross value of production That's 12 billion guilders, that's about the Netherlands Gross national product 2.5 percent.
The biggest feature of Rotterdam Port area service is storage, transportation and marketing A coordinated process . By some Bonded warehouse And goods Distribution center Carrying out storage, transportation and reprocessing to improve goods Added value And then by road, rail, river, air, sea and so on Transport route Send goods to Netherlands And destinations in Europe.
Port Area of Rotterdam
The Port Area of Rotterdam is the main part of the city, covering more than 100 square kilometers, Harbor waters 277.1 square kilometers, the water depth of 6.7 ~ 21 meters, the channel without locks, winter is not frozen, sand is not silt, the year round is not affected by wind and waves, the maximum can be 544,000 tons supertanker . The total length of the seagoing ship terminal is 56 kilometers, and the total length of the river ship terminal is 33.6 kilometers. Ore sand Specialized handling, grain, chemical, bulk, container, at the same time can be more than 600 thousand ton ships and more than 300,000 inland ships, handling about 300 million tons of cargo annually. Port cargo transport trunk Rhine River, expressway Ports and railways at home and abroad Communication network Connected. In addition to the transfer of incoming crude oil through the Laixia River, there are also transportation pipelines Amsterdam And Germany, Belgium . Bulk transit freight accounted for 85% of the total freight, of which crude oil and petroleum products accounted for 70%, and the rest was ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and so on. The main import and export target countries are Germany, Britain, France, Italy Wait for EU countries. Since the 1960s Rotterdam has maintained its position as the world's largest port, but it has continued to strengthen the construction of berths, upgrade equipment, and offer many special services.
The Port of Rotterdam is one of the major container ports in the world. As early as 1967, some dock handling companies were keenly aware of the container in the world Development potential And made huge investments. The Port of Rotterdam has become the largest in Europe Container terminal Its loading and unloading process is completely controlled by computer, On the dock All kinds of containers are stacked neatly together. In 1982, it could handle 2.16 million TEUs, surpassing the 1.9 million TEUs at New York Port. The Rotterdam container Volume of goods loaded and unloaded More than 3.2 million cases.
On July 22, 2022, CGTN The port of Rotterdam said Friday, "In and out Russia the Container transport It's stopped." [4]

highroad

A dense one that crisscrosses and stretches in all directions Highway network Connecting Rotterdam with all major European cities, it takes only 8-10 hours from Rotterdam to Paris, Frankfurt And Hamburg, to the main industrial area of Germany Ruhr Strip and most of Belgium will take even less time, even if Nordic So far away areas can also be in 24 hours Arrive within. Dutch Road transport With strong strength, 30% of the EU's international road transport is undertaken by the Netherlands.

railway

Rotterdam has a series of them almost every day Container train To all parts of Europe.

lighter

Barge container
Due to low rates, the Rotterdam barge Container transport It has developed rapidly. Containers arrive almost daily by barge from Rotterdam Rhine With the development of container transportation, a large number of inland container terminals have begun to appear. In Europe, especially along the Rhine, 32 container terminals have been built. Since the 1990s, Ludaodan has begun to implement a new capacity expansion plan to build the fifth and sixth generation container terminals of 100,000 to 150,000 tons. By 2010, the container handling capacity will reach 6 million boxes, ensuring the position of the largest container transportation center in Europe.
In 1957, due to the great expansion of the port, the people of Rotterdam came up with the name Gateway of Europe, which meant that they wanted to be the "gate of Europe". Rotterdam has been the world's largest port and warehouse since 1963. The city has invested heavily in container transfer in order to The Far East World economy Competition in China. in Maspin The docks of the Earth Harbor can easily load and unload the largest in the world Container ship .
Standardization of container sizes has also contributed. In British Harbour, behind the Karan Bridge in the Botlek waterway, people mainly load and unload (mostly Japanese) cars. The car ship is characterized by its tall and wind-sensitive construction.
Pernis and Maas Flat On the harbour mainly refinery . Since 1936, the oil port has grown in number and size. The main loading and unloading in the port of Vale. Many are "flow" reprinted, directly available Inland shipping Boat.

culture

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EDITOR

Food culture

Rotterdam Council Centre Rotterdam Food culture It is so colorful that Dutch food is usually advertised as "the taste of mother". with Green bean Alden soup, like a lyric poem. Rotterdam people usually cook meat and vegetables together for dinner, and add potatoes. Sanskrit. The famous "potato eater" also has this description, which can be seen in the general Dutch family Eating habit Not much has changed since then.

specialty

Elden broth
Elden bouillon: Elden bouillon is a traditional Dutch delicacy Green pea and Sausages As the main ingredient, the stew is said to be simmered until Ladle It's only authentic if you can stand in it.
Indonesian cuisine in Rotterdam: There is an Indonesian cuisine in Rotterdam, but it is not quite the same as the native Indonesian cuisine. Many young people often order Rijstafel, an Indonesian dish, in restaurants, with more than 20 dishes Side dishes The dish is said to be created by frugal Rotterdamers using leftovers from the previous day.
Banakgan: Banakgan is a cheap and delicious Rotterdam that can be found at any restaurant in Rotterdam pancake . There are many specialty shops in Rotterdam that offer a wide variety of pancakes that are delicious with syrup or other kinds of condiments. This is the ideal lunch for the self-catering tourists.
cheese
cheese Do you know how much a Dutchman eats in a year cheese Did you? The answer is eight kilos. I wonder if it's the diet and the biking habit? The average height of the Dutch people is the highest in Europe, the average height of men is about 184 cm, the average height of women is about 174 cm. Cheese is actually quite nutritious, protein More than the same weight of meat, and rich in calcium, phosphorus, sodium, vitamins A and B Nutrient element For sure, but cholesterol The levels are also quite high. Dutch cheese is famous all over the world Producing country The output of more than 400,000 tons of cheese exported each year ranks first in the world. In addition to being a daily staple in the Netherlands, cheese is also a tourist resource. And the Dutch always Say, "Say Cheese!" when they take a picture of someone. Tourists can visit the traditional cheese markets in the Netherlands during the summer, enjoy the traditional market trading, and take home some fresh cheese.

unit

Rotterdam has the tallest building in the Netherlands at 151 meters. There are also many world famous Architectural designer And their company and famous school of architecture. Connecting North and South Rotterdam The Erasmus Bridge Is a Suspension bridge It's 780 meters long. In 1898, a 45-meter high high-rise office building - White House (White House) Dutch Witte Huis was completed, making it the tallest office building in Europe at the time.
In the first decade of the 20th century, some influential modern style buildings were built in Rotterdam. Famous are (Van Nelle fabriek) (1929), a monument to the modern factory, designed by (Brinkman en Van der Vlugt); The Jugendstil clubhouse at the Royal Maas Yacht Club, designed by Hooijkaas jr. en Brinkman (1909); Feyenoord's football stadium, de Kuip (1936), was also designed by Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. The architect (Jacobus Oud|J. J. P. Oud) was a famous Rotterdam man at that time. in World War II Initially, the Germans bombed the center of Rotterdam, damaging much of it Urban center The old building. After an initial decisive redevelopment, the centre of Rotterdam has become a hub for ambitious new architecture.
Rotterdam is also famous for its Kubuswoningen or square House, which was built by architect Piet Blom in 1984. In addition there are many internationally renowned Architect's office Based in Rotterdam, just to name a few examples: O.M.A ( Rem Koolhaas ), MVRDV, Neutelings & Riedijk, and Erick van Egeraat.
  • The Erasmus Bridge Erasmusbrug|Erasmus Bridge (1996) is a 790 m (2,600ft) cable-stayed bridge connecting the north and south of Rotterdam. It is supported by a 138m (453ft) tall pylon with a characteristic curvature that has given the bridge its nickname 'De Zwaan' (the Swan).
  • Rotterdam has the tallest residential building in the Netherlands: Montevideo Tower (160m (524ft)).
  • Rotterdam is also home to the tallest office building 'Delftse Poort' (160m (520ft)), which is ING Group It is the home of the Nationale-Nederlanden insurance company.
  • The city is also 186m (610ft) tall European mast (Euromast), which has long been a major tourist attraction. It was built in 1960 and was originally 101m (331ft) high; In the 1970s, it was extended to a height of 85m (279ft) to 186m (610ft).
Through the Berlage Institute, an architecture graduate lab, As well as NAi (Netherlands Architecture Institute), which is open to the public and has a wide variety of excellent exhibitions on architecture and urban planning issues, Rotterdam has a reputation as a platform for architectural development and education.
Rotterdam ranks among the best in Europe skyline Top (European SkylineTop), with Frankfurt , London , Paris , Moscow , Brussels and Warsaw Same column. More than 30 New high-rise projects are being developed, including the 165-meter (541-foot) Maas Tower, the New Orleans Tower - which will be about 158 meters (518 feet), And the Zalmhaven Urban Tower 195 m (640 ft).

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Defhafen

Defhafen
(Delfshaven) Here you will find it as if Landscape painting Old Dutch Street. About 375 years ago, Britain Puritan So as to Religious belief And from here take a boat to America. Devhafen is also famous for being the birthplace of Piet Heyn. This one was born in 1577 West India Company The statue of the commander of the fleet, who captured the Spanish "treasure" fleet, still stands in Piazza Pat Heine.

The Bomans Art Museum

The Bomans Art Museum
(Musem Boynams-van Beuningen)
The collection covers the 14th century to the mid-19th century Western Europe Paintings by famous artists, such as: Rubens "Suzanne Furman," Bosch's "Playing Soup," "Hell," Weddings in Ghana "And so on. Dominate the 19th century History of painting Painters like Van Gogh , Monet , Gauguin , Picasso There are also many paintings by others, and there is a special room on the second floor to display works of the 20th century, and the collection is quite rich.
Surrounding Attractions:

Dike for children

(kinderdijk)
It is located 12 km south of Rotterdam. in Dike for children 19 windmills face each other in two rows. A row of circular brick windmills provides water for the Nederwaard area. And the other row octagon The windmill kept Overwaard from being destroyed. Some of the windmills are open to the public. They will give visitors a realistic impression of the lives of former windmill owners and their families. In 1997, it was listed UNESCO the World Heritage List .

Delta engineering

(Delta Work)
The Delta project is by far the largest and most spectacular in the world Damp-proof works .
Delta engineering
Because the Netherlands is low-lying, the river is vertical and horizontal, and the upstream water is abundant, which is affected in the flood season Storm surge disaster Serious. So, in 1953, the government introduced a flood control program named" delta The project "(also known as the" Beihai Dam Project ") aims to clean up this rich delta region. The project is a large tide and sea Control engineering The construction site is on the new water crossing at Westersveld in the southwest of the Netherlands, and mainly consists of two huge Tide gate The gate, the dock used to store the gate of the moisture-proof lock, the formation of the riverbed of the waterway, the moving gate of the moisture-proof lock and the power facilities for water supply and drainage; and Computer information management system Wait a few parts. It was built to protect more than 1 million people in the Rotterdam area above the Cape Fock Delta from storm surge hazards.

museum

Rotterdam has many museum . Famous museums include Bomans Museum, NAi (Netherlands Architecture Institute), Rotterdam History museum (Historisch Museum), Folklore Museum (Volkenkundig Museum), Kunsthal (by Rem Koolhaas Design), Contemporary Art Center - Witte de With, Maritime Museum (Maritiem Museum) and Fire Brigade Museum (Maritiem Museum) Brandweermuseum ).
Other museums include the tax museum, the nature historical museum, the History Museum - Dubbelde Palmboom and the Schielandhuis. In the historic shipyard and museum Scheepswerf 'De Delft, the rebuilt battleship 'De Delft' can be visited.

Travel guide

Maas River delta and Marina Industrial tourism
The Port of Rotterdam receives 10,000 visitors a year. In contrast to visiting parks and museums, "industrial tourism" enables tourists to visit Industrial base With some companies, it is a new option. Not far from the port, there are often groups of tourists to participate in industrial tourism under the guidance and explanation of escorts. In such an experience, they can learn about the Maas River Delta industrial base and see for themselves the computer-controlled trucking The container container scene. The ECT Delta covers 236 hectares and is the largest container port in the world. What is more characteristic is that most of the escorts here are retired dock staff, they know the situation here like the back of their hands, and explain it with special emotions. No visitor who takes part in industrial tourism is surprised to learn that "coming to the Maas River Delta and container terminals is much more interesting than visiting museums!"
Apparently, visitors to the Netherlands like to see not only windmills and flowers, but also industrial sites, oil storage tanks, railway tracks and power tower Bridges. Rotterdam was the first city in the Netherlands to set up an industrial tourism fund, which was established in 1997 to develop industrial tourism. Since then, Amsterdam And Route Wendy (TWENTE) established industries in 1999 and 2002, respectively Tourism organization . They and the local Tourist administration And enterprise cooperation, reception of industrial tourism tourists. In Rotterdam, ETC Vehicles enter and exit the port center of industry Tourist route It sells very well. Flowers in Amsterdam, Schiphol Airport and Asmir Auction market Industrial tourism activities are very popular. While on the way to Wendy, people enjoy visiting the GROLSCH brewery and Refuse treatment plant . In addition, some companies are happy to invite visitors to visit their production workshops. The number of industrial tourists in the Netherlands reached 15,000 last year, and the number is growing. According to a 1998 survey by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, at least 10 million people are married every year Visit the factory The class is interested in industrial tourism. An industry insider said she was concerned about Rotterdam Maas Industrial tourism in the Delta is confident, after all, "the port is famous in the world."

Honor received

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In April 2020, it was selected into the "2020 Global Summer City List". [3]
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