Wu Lingyun -1863), the real name Yuan Qing, because of his height and long waist, known as "long waist four". Zhuang nationality, Xining Prefecture, Guangxi (now Fusui County) Qulu village, Qing Xianfeng Dynasty Zhuang anti-Qing leader. ^{[1
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In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), Wu Lingyun was arrested and imprisoned on charges of "selling stolen goods on behalf of thieves". In the near future, he escaped from prison, went back to Qu Lu Village, organized "Quansheng Tang", raised the flag and gathered the crowd, armed resistance to the local government. The following year, it was destroyed by Qingqi soldiers of Xinning Prefecture. He led the remnants and their families to Longluo Village in Zhongzhou and regrouped. Lu Yulun, Yang Jindi and Deng Sanfa of the Zhuang nationality and Liu Yongfu and Deng Peijin of the Han nationality joined the uprising in succession, and were promoted as leaders with tens of thousands of people. Led the rebels to fight in the Zuoyoujiang area, and successively conquered Xinning, Yangli, Longzhou, Shangsi, Ningming and other places, "hundreds of miles in length and breadth, almost everywhere".

In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), he captured Taiping Mansion (now Chongzuo) and killed Governor Liu Zuosu, deputy General Duo Lu, and thousand General Li Weiliang. The next year, in the Taiping mansion to build a palace, the establishment of Yanling country, engraved jade seal, self-proclaimed Yanling king, set up official posts, divided troops to defend the key pass. After being attacked by the Qing army and local reactionary armed forces, in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Taiping Mansion fell, and the remnants returned to Zhongzhou Longluo. In the first month of the following year, he was killed during the breakout. ^{[1
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alias: Wu Lingyun
age: Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: The Zhuang nationality

Place of Birth: Qulu Village, Xinning Prefecture, Guangxi
Date of death: The year 1863
eigenname: Wu Yuanqing

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Wu Lingyun ~ 1863), real name Yuan Qing, because of his height and long waist, known as "long waist four". Guangxi Sinning State canal Lu Village People, Zhuang nationality. He was in Longluo (now Fusui county East Luo Wei) under the cover of brewing, secretly contacted all the anti-Qing Zhishi, fighting against the strong and the weak, robbing the rich and the poor. Xianfeng Eleventh year (1861) on the eighth day of the first month, Wu Lingyun Taiping Palace Declaring himself king, he took the title "King of Yanling", established the local government "Yanling State", and died in battle with the Qing Army in 1863.

Wu Lingyun, because of her height and long waist, is called "long waist four". Xining state canal in Guangxi Lu Village People ( Fusui county Quli Town Qu Lu Village), Zhuang nationality. Sinning state Student attendant (Scholar), family wealth. He was very generous, and Heaven and Earth Society The characters are close to each other, and they are the local rice Lord (the rice Lord of heaven and Earth will open a church and a museum, and the reception of all meals, while the congregation wins the property of the rich, it must be handed over to the public, and it must abide by the discipline and obey the command). Local squire denouncing, Xinning governor Qingqi take the opportunity to blackmail failed, then in the name of Wu Lingyun collusion gangsters, plot to arrest its incarceration.

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Rise up

In the summer of 1852, Wu Lingyun escaped from prison, went back to Qu Lu, and with the favorable terrain of "four mountains surrounded by columns" and "dense trees" in his hometown, he and his brother Yuan Gao and Yuan Lu "raised flags and gathered the crowd, and said Quansheng Tang", openly rebelled against the local officials of the Qing Dynasty. In June, Qingqi mobilized troops and warriors to encircle Qu Lu Village. In October, they broke in. Yuan high and the ministry of more than 100 people died in battle, Wu Lingyun and Yuan Lu led after the siege, turn and Lei four, Fu Da and other rebel army joint, to long La Village As a base area. Soon, there were four parties, with names such as Da Sheng Tang, Victory Tang, You Sheng Tang, Guang Sheng Tang, Yi Yong Tang, Guangyi Tang, Zhongyi Tang, and Lian Yi Tang, echoing Wu Lingyun and gaining momentum.

With the development of the situation, everywhere Heaven and Earth Society The rebels joined with Wu Lingyun and moved to Longzhou (now A surname Zheng SAN of Zhuang nationality and Liu Yongfubu of Han nationality, Jiangzhou Lu Yulun and Yang Quandi of Zhuang nationality and Deng Peijin of Han nationality, Yangli Prefecture (now Tan Tan Zhao Huadan of the Zhuang nationality, with hundreds of men each, came to Longluo successively and promoted Wu Lingyun as the leader. Wu Lingyun "build the earth city, the puppet official", the initial division of work, there are long, hundred, thousand, vanguard, general and other names. The rebel army issued notices exposing the tyrannical rule of the Qing Dynasty and the corruption of local officials, which won the support and support of the people of all ethnic groups. Wu Lingyun took Longluo as the center and "sent all the leaders to each township, spanning hundreds of miles".

Uprising development

In 1853, Lin Jiuda, Nongda and Nongwan of Xuanhua (now Nanning) led thousands of people to unite with Wu Lingyun, and the rebel force was quickly spread to Nanning Taiping Palace Jijin Chongzuo ) and so on. The following year, Long Chau Rebel leader Lu Chengtai attacked Taiping Mansion, was governor Liu Zuosu Killed, the rest to Wu Lingyun. Wu Lingyun took Longluo as his base, divided his troops to defend Qulu, and repeatedly defeated the Qing army's attacks.

Officers and soldiers in a dilemma, Wu Lingyun to Deng Peijin as the forward attack Jiangzhou Then occupied Zuo Zhou, and appointed Zhao Huadan and other towns to guard Zuo Zhou. In October 1856, Wu Lingyun, with the cooperation of Liang Rigao, Xiao Er, Xiao Wan and other departments, conquered the army at one stroke Sinning A state city. Wu Lingyun issued a notice to reassure the people: My father and old brothers, have been ravaged by full slavery for a long time! There will be no peace for the chickens and dogs. Lingyun could not bear to see my father's old brothers hanging down, because it was a combination of brothers with different names, with the banner, to discuss Manchu slaves, to restore the Han chamber. You do not have to guess unexpectedly, do not have a different heart, its each blockage as usual. There are Ming great righteousness to attach, I will use it; Those who resist will not be punished. I admire the people of Fushu, and do not violate them.

In April 1857, Wu Lingyun withdrew from Xinning Prefecture. At that time, the confrontation between the rebel army and the officers and men was relatively quiet. In 1859, Wu Lingyun took advantage of the empty strength of the Qing army in the southwest and attacked again. In September 1860, by the long Luo by night, straight to the arrival Sinning State city, from the northwest corner of the climb into the city, kill the city Zhuang Yong several, and the acting governor Zheng Yuanzhen. Immediately split troops to conquer Yangli State, take advantage of the siege Taiping Palace And blocked the Qing army's backup. Because there was no food storage in the city, the defenders of the city were terrified and fled. The rebels take advantage of the void to break the city, governor Liu Zuosu , Zuo Zhou Xuezheng Jiang Yingkui, Shillong Local officials such as Feng Yingyong, Duolu, deputy General of the New Tai Association, Huang Yaolin, and Li Weiliang, were captured alive and beheaded. In October, they divided troops and attacked Taiping Tu Prefecture, Ningming Prefecture, Long Chau And other cities, control the vast area of the left and right river.

Establish a nation and claim to be king

Wu Lingyun's victory in capturing cities and territories strengthened the rebel forces. February 1861, Wu Lingyun Taiping Palace Officially established the country of Yanling, calling himself the king of Yanling, casting the inscriptions saying "Yanling Jade Seal", issuing edicts, appointing officials and setting up offices, building palaces, and keeping hair and changing clothes. With Liang Guozhen as the military adviser, Luo Pinguang as the marshal, Huang Wannian as the marquis, Liang Qianzhi below dozens of people also worship the official knatizations. Wu Lingyun kept Taiping with his eldest son Wu Ya and his second son Wu Zhuyuan. Liang Guozhen, Dong Wannian and other dozens of people to defend the main pass. Yanling Kingdom ushered in the heyday.

After the establishment of Yanling State, a series of positive measures were taken. Politically, they destroyed the local institutions of the Qing Dynasty, "all civil and military officials were destroyed", and struck down the powerful bullies, inspected the criminals, and suppressed all the destructive activities of the enemy. Economically, farmers were encouraged and approved to seize the land and wasteland of fugitive landlords, farming was rewarded, and grain was temporarily replaced by monthly regulations. According to legend, the state of Yeonling once implemented a new tax, which was divided according to the size of a village, the quality of the land and the number of people, and then distributed by each village to the household. Inside the rebel army, the same food and wear, there is no mutual aid. These measures increased the enthusiasm of the peasant masses to join the army and take part in the war, and effectively cooperated with the anti-Qing struggle in various places.

Although the establishment of Yanling State made the rebel forces develop to their peak, at this time, the anti-Qing struggles in various parts of Guangxi failed successively, and the battle was ended in Dacheng State in central Guangxi in August 1861 due to Chen Kai's defeat and capture. In October, he returned to western Guangxi Shi Dakai Led the troops to leave Guangxi. As a result, the Qing army was able to concentrate its forces and intensify its campaign against the southwest of Guangxi. Although Wu Lingyun Taiping Palace As the center, Liang Guozhen, Liang Qianzhi and dozens of other troops were ordered to garrison the major passes, but they could not stop the Qing army from invading, and Yangli, Zuozhou, Taipingtu, and Ningming fell successively. The Qing army took the opportunity to press the Taiping Mansion. In March of the following year, the Qing army captured the Taiping Fucheng City, the military adviser Liang Guozhen was killed in battle, the marshal Luo Pinguang was wounded, and Wu Lingyun and Zi Yazhong led the division to retreat to Longluo. In December, the Qing army built Changwei (a long work around a city and a place, used for besieging or defending) to besiege Longluo hundreds of times, and placed artillery on the periphery, "day and night ring attack". Under extremely difficult conditions, Wu Lingyun led the people to resist to the death. In February 1863, when the rebel army ran out of ammunition, Wu Lingyun led the troops to break out of the siege, and was killed "in the middle of the fire, and was seriously wounded". The Qing army rushed into Longluo, burning, killing and pillaging, Longluo was razed to the ground in an instant, and the Yanling rebellion led by Wu Lingyun failed.

Children take over from their fathers

After the death of Wu Lingyun, Wu Yazhong led the rest of the troops to break out the siege and move to the northwest of Guangxi. He moved to the northwest of the city of Guishun and settled in Santai Mountain . Sacred Mountain Farmer army small Zhang SAN came to meet. Led by Wu Yazhong and accompanied by Xiao Zhang SAN, they continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Santai Mountain is sixty miles west of Kushun Prefecture, surrounded by mountains, The mountains are high and the road dangerous There are arable fields in the mountains. Wu Yazhong took Santaishan as the base, while producing, guarding the imperial, and waiting for the opportunity to divide the troops to attack, occupy the villages around the city, and constantly expand the territory, troops and food. After suppressing the rebel resistance in various places, the Qing government mobilized a large army to besiege Wuya Loyalist army . Within the range of tens of miles, step by step, surround the rebels and cut off the rebels' foreign aid. Special orders from the Qing government Feng Zicai The governor attacked Guishun Prefecture. In March 1868, the Qing army captured Tianbaotian Dong and Longdong and attacked Langjiawei. Xiao Zhang SAN retreated and was surrounded by the Qing army and held out for more than a month. In May, the Qing army broke into the Guishun Prefecture, and Xiao Zhangsan was defeated and sacrificed. So the Qing army troops pressed the border and broke it in June Santai Mountain Wu Yazhong broke through. In July, Dean The dikes were also breached by the Qing army, and Wu Yazhong led his troops to retreat into Vietnam. Wu Yazhong led the army to counterattack Taiping, Long Chau And other places, after the defeat still returned to Vietnam. In May 1869, Feng Zicai led the Qing Army and the Vietnamese official army to jointly attack the U Ya Chung Yi Army. Wu Yazhong in the Yu and other places to build a fortress. In October, the Qing army broke through the fortress, Wu Yazhong was killed by the gun, and Xie Ba, Peng Yuanlong, Kuang Er, Huang Jianxin, Huang Biao and other commanders died heroically. At this point, Wu Yazhong led the rebel army to fight for seven or eight years, but also declared failure. It's worth mentioning, Wu Ya Loyalist army After the failure, the rest of them later attached themselves to Liu Yongfu, becoming Black Flag Force An important force. The Black Flag Army fought bravely in the battle against the law to protect the border and made indelible achievements.

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At that time, feudal literati wrote "Grass Kou Yin" to record its comments;

The red dust near the earth moves by day, the atmosphere of the underworld 祲 from the cave.

There are owls in the forest, the wild at first hearing of fear.

I was two hundred years old in Chengping, but the mob knew no soldiers.

The mob is like a sheep, a thief, like a tiger, choosing fat and eating ill.

The red flag will act under duress, not to fight but to make peace.

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