Western China ^[18] , for Economic geography of China Partition, involving China Twelve provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. include Chongqing Municipality , Sichuan Province , Yunnan Province , Guizhou Province , Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Tibet Autonomous Region , Shaanxi Province , Gansu Province , Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , Qinghai Province , Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The West ( Ulanqab , Hohhot , Baotou , Ordos , Xilin Gol , Alxa League ). China's western region covers an area of 6.87 million square kilometers, accounting for 72 percent of the country ^[19] ; By the end of 2018, the population was 379.5587 million, accounting for 27.2% of the country's total population.

Meanwhile, the western region with Mongolia , Russia , Tajikistan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Pakistan , Afghanistan , Bhutan , Nepal , India , Burma , Laos , Vietnam 13 countries share a land border of more than 18,000 kilometers, accounting for 91% of the country's land border. with Southeast Asia Many countries face each other across the sea, with 1,595 kilometers of continental coastline, accounting for about 1/11 of the country's coastline.

Data from the Ministry of Commerce show that from January to June 2019, the actual use of foreign capital in the western region was 34.96 billion yuan, an increase of 21.2% year-on-year. ^[1] National Bureau of Statistics Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development for 2022 According to the data, the preliminary calculation of the gross domestic product of the western region in 2022 is 25,698.5 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2%. ^[16]

Chinese name: Western region
Foreign name: Western China ^[18]
Subordinate region: People's Republic of China
Geographical position: Western China
Subordinate area: Yuchuan Guiyun Tibetan Shaanxi, Gansu, Qingning new Menggui
Government premises: Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Lanzhou, Kunming, Lhasa, Urumqi, Guiyang, Xining, Nanning, Yinchuan, Hohhot
Telephone area code: 023,028,029 etc
Climatic condition: Subtropical monsoon climate , Continental climate , Plateau climate
Population number: 379 million (2018)

Famous scenic spot: Hongya Cave , Jiuzhaigou Valley , Daocheng Yading , The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty , Potala Palace , Tianshan Mountain , Qinghai Lake , Mount Qingcheng , Jianmen Pass , Yellow dragon
aerodrome: Guiyang Longdong Fort Airport , Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport , Chengdu Shuangliu Airport , Xi 'an Xianyang International Airport , Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport , Kunming Changshui International Airport Etc.
Railway station: Chongqing West Railway Station , Chengdu East Railway Station , Lanzhou West Railway Station , Xi 'an North Railway Station , Kunming South Railway Station , Guiyang North Railway Station , Nanning East Railway Station Etc.
License plate code: Yuchuan Guiyun Tibetan Shaanxi, Gansu, Qingning new Menggui
Gross regional product: 25,698.5 trillion yuan ^[16] (2022)
Central city: Chongqing , Chengdu , Xi 'an , Kunming , Lanzhou (capital of Gansu Province)
GDP per capita in US dollars: $7,395 (2018)

catalogue

Administrative division

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EDITOR

Chongqing Municipality

Chongqing, China National central city , megacity One of them. For short chongqing , another name Bayu , Mountain city , Yu capital , fog city, Bridgetown , People's Republic of China One of the four central municipalities, five National central city Five international shipping centers, The State Council positioning of the four Cosmopolitan city One of them.

National historical and cultural city The hot spring capital of the world; Yangtze River economic belt West center, Upper reaches of the Yangtze River economic center As well as politics, shipping, culture, science and technology, education, and communications isocenter .

2019 Chongqing Municipality Built-up area 1,379 square kilometers, Permanent population 31,243,200 people, Urban population 20,869,900 people. Urbanization rate 66.8%, ranking in the west Provincial administrative region First, the urbanization rate of Chongqing's nine districts is as high as 90.51%. 2019 in Chongqing Gross regional product It reached 2,360.577 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the country. In 2019, per capita in Chongqing Gross product Exceeded $10,000, in 2019, Chongqing urban permanent residence Per capita disposable income 37,939 yuan, an increase of 8.7%; The per capita disposable income of permanent rural residents was 15,133 yuan, an increase of 9.8%, ranking first in the western provincial administrative regions.

Chongqing is Southwest China The largest industrial and commercial city of national importance Modern manufacturing industry Base, National logistics hub The important strategic fulcrum of western development, the "Belt and Road" and the "Belt and Road" Yangtze River economic belt Important link point and inland open highlands, mountains and beautiful land. national-level Key laboratory 10, national level Engineering Technology Research Center 10, 67 universities, China (Chongqing) Pilot Free Trade Zone , China-singapore (Chongqing) Strategic Connectivity Demonstration project , liangjiang new area , Chongqing-xinjiang-europe International Railway Etc. Strategic project . Is inland Export commodity processing Base and expand the opening to the outside world pilot zone, Yangtse River upstream Scientific research achievement Industrialization base and Ecological civilization demonstration zone , China Central and western regions The development of circular economy demonstration areas and the implementation of the state's western development involve regions and countries Coordinate urban and rural areas Comprehensive and supporting reform Pilot site .

Chongqing since Jiangcheng , fog city, Bridgetown Known, and known Mountain city Make a name for oneself. [6] Chongqing is dominated by Han Chinese, Minority nationality There are mainly Tujia , The Miao nationality Let's wait. Tourism resources Be rich in Three Gorges of Yangtze River , World cultural heritage Dazu stone carving , World natural Heritage Wulong County Karst sum Nancheon Jinfo Mountain And other magnificent views.

1997 (1) Chongqing Municipality was established and the original was abolished Sichuan Province Chongqing Municipality. (2) Chongqing Municipality has jurisdiction over the former Chongqing Municipality of Sichuan Province, Wanxian County , Fuling City The administrative area under the jurisdiction of Qianjiang Region. (3) After the establishment of Chongqing Municipality, The State Council shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and relevant laws, make corresponding adjustments to the establishment and division of the administrative areas under its jurisdiction. (14 March 1997 The Fifth session of the Eighth National People's Congress Pass). Chongqing Municipality for short "Chongqing "(approved by The State Council on April 18, 1997). ^[2]

Old Chongqing (now Yuzhong District ) was Republic of China Wartime capital and permanent secondary capital, Far East anti-Fascist command center.

The anti-Japanese rear area of Sichuan Province during the period of Chongqing National Government of the Republic of China

Sichuan Province

Sichuan Province, simply referred to as "Sichuan" or "Shu", is the provincial capital Chengdu Sichuan is" Western China Comprehensive transportation hub "Highland of Western China's economic Development", Economic aggregate Ranked first in the West for many consecutive years. Five theater commands of the Chinese People's Liberation Army One of Western theater command Offices in Sichuan Province Chengdu City .

Sichuan is an important province of economy, industry, agriculture, military, tourism and culture in China. The provincial capital of Chengdu was designated as China by The State Council in 1993 Southwest China Technology, commerce, financial centers and transportation, Communication hub . Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport It is the fourth largest in China Air port .

四川位于中国大陆西南腹地，古合称 Bashu (a county in Sichuan Province) The east is Sichuan basin the Parallel ridge valley in the east of Sichuan and Mid-sichuan hills , the middle is Sichuan basin the Chengdu plain The west is... Western Sichuan Plateau , and Shaanxi (Province) , Guizhou (Province) , Yunnan (Province) , Xizang , Qinghai (Province) , Gansu (Province) , Chongqing Bordering provinces and cities, it is the hometown of the giant panda, a national treasure.

As of the end of 2015, Sichuan province has jurisdiction over 1 province Sub-provincial city 17 Prefecture-level city Three autonomous prefectures, including 50 Municipal district 14 County-level city 115 counties and 4 autonomous counties. Sichuan Province Registered population 91,326 million people, Permanent population 82.04 million people.

Shaanxi Province

Shaanxi Province , for short shan Or Qin, also known as Three Qin dynasties , for China northwest one Provincial administrative unit The capital of ancient capital Xi 'an Located in the hinterland of China, it belongs to The Yellow River Midstream sum Yangtse River Upstream, Geographical coordinates It is located between 105°29 'to 111°15' east longitude and 31°42 'to 39°35' north latitude. With an area of 210,000 square kilometers and a population of 37.33 million, it has jurisdiction over 10 prefecture-level cities and 1 agricultural demonstration zone.

Shaanxi Province borders Shanxi and Henan to the east, Ningxia and Gansu to the west, Chongqing, Sichuan and Hubei to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the north. Central region And northwest, southwest important hub. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng of Zhou In order to Hapwon For the boundary, the original west Yu A surname Under the jurisdiction of later generations, the west of Shaanxi Yuan was called "Shaanxi".

History of Shaanxi A long time old, Cultural deposits Deep, the source of China, has been referred to as "Qin" for a long time in history.

Yunnan Province

Yunnan Province Located in the southwest border of China, the provincial capital Kunming . Yunnan Province, referred to as "Dian" or "Cloud", is one of the important birthplaces of human beings. Yuanmou Man, living in Yunnan 1.7 million years ago, is the country and the country that has been discovered so far Asia The earliest humans.

During the Warring States period, it was the birthplace of the Dian tribe. Yunnan (Province) , that is to say" South of the clouds Another saying is that it is named because it is located in the "south of the Yunling Mountains". The total area is about 390,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4.11% of the national area, ranking eighth in the area of provincial administrative regions in the country. The total population is 45.96 million (2010), accounting for 3.35% of the country's population, ranking 12th in population.

Yunnan Province is contiguous with Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Tibet. Yunnan Province has three neighboring provinces Burma , Laos and Vietnam . The Tropic of Cancer Traversing the southern part of the province.

Guizhou Province

Guizhou Province Referred to as "Qian" or "GUI", it is located in the southeast of Southwest China, between 103°36 '-109°35' east longitude and 24°37 '-29°13' north latitude, bordering Hunan to the east, Guangxi to the south, Yunnan to the west, Sichuan and Chongqing to the north, with rich resources. Development potential Huge.

The province is 595 kilometers long from east to west, 509 kilometers from north to south, and covers an area of about 176,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the national land area Administrative division Unit, 88 county-level administrative units.

Guizhou is a province where many ethnic groups live together. For thousands of years, all ethnic groups have lived in harmony and jointly created a colorful Guizhou culture. " Park province "Guizhou is full of scenery, is a leisure health resort.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih), an autonomous region established in 1958, was renamed Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1965, referred to as GUI, the capital Nanning City. locate South China West, south Beibu Gulf Bordering Vietnam, the ethnic groups are Han, Zhuang and other ethnic groups, and the language used is Chinese ( Cantonese dialect , Guiliu dialect , Popular dialect Etc.), the minority languages have Zhuang and so on.

Guangxi has endless Marine resources ; Belong to Subtropical monsoon climate It breeds a large number of precious animal and plant resources; Especially rich in fruit, known as the "hometown of fruit". And strange Karst landform brilliant Cultural relics and historic sites The rich ethnic customs make Guangxi unique charm.

Guangxi is a multi-ethnic place and one of the three hometowns of overseas Chinese in China.

Tibet Autonomous Region

Tibet Autonomous Region locate People's Republic of China The southwest frontier, Tibetan plateau It is located between 78°25 'and 99°06' east, and between 26°44 'and 36°32' north. It approaches north Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Northeast Connection Qinghai Province It is connected to Sichuan Province in the east and Yunnan Province in the southeast; South and west with Burma, India, Bhutan and Kashmir Etc. Country and region It forms all or part of China's borders with the above countries and regions, with a total length of nearly 4,000 kilometers.

Tibet is famous for its magnificent, magical and magnificent natural scenery. It has vast territory, spectacular landforms and abundant resources.

Since ancient times, the people of this land have created rich and splendid National culture .

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region For short Inner Mongolia The capital is Hohhot .

Located on the northern border of China, it is close to Mongolia and Mongolia in the northwest Russia It covers an area of 1.18 million square kilometers. In order to The Mongolian nationality And Han majority, as well as Korean, Hui, Manchu, Daur , Ewenki , Oroqen And other nationalities.

The district is divided into 9 prefecture-level cities and 3 leagues; It also has jurisdiction over 12 county-level cities, 17 counties, 49 flags and 3 autonomous flags. Baotou City Bayannur, Chifeng, Ulanhot, Ulanqab , Wuhai , Hulunbuir , Tongliao , Ordos And other major cities in the autonomous region.

The main mountain ranges are The Greater Khingan Mountains , Helan Mountain , Wula Mountain And Big Green Mountains. The grasslands in the east are vast and the deserts in the west are extensive. The average annual temperature is -1 ~ 10℃, all year round precipitation About 50 ~ 450 mm. More than 60 kinds of mineral deposits have been proved, and the reserves of rare earth, coal and silver are huge.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, referred to as "Xin", is located in Eurasia The central part is located in the northwestern border of China, with a total area of 1,664,900 square kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of China's total land area. Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Pakistan , Mongolia, India, Afghanistan Bordering eight other countries; Its land border is more than 5,600 kilometers long, accounting for one quarter of China's land border. It is China's largest province and region with the longest land border and the largest number of neighboring countries. It is adjacent to Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet.

The terrain is mainly mountainous and basin, Topographic feature For" Three mountains with two POTS ". Xinjiang has extensive deserts and is rich in oil and natural gas West-east gas transmission The starting point of China's western development of the main position.

Qinghai Province

Qinghai Province Koku Tibetan plateau One of the important provinces, referred to as Qing, because the territory has the country's largest inland Saltwater lake - Qinghai Lake , and save the name. Qinghai Province Northwest China Covering an area of 722,300 square kilometers, it is more than 1,200 kilometers long from east to west and more than 800 kilometers wide from north to south. It has jurisdiction over 6 prefectures, 1 prefecture, 1 city and 51 counties County-level administrative unit It borders Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet and Xinjiang.

The eastern part of Qinghai is known as "Tianhe lock and key", "sea hidden throat", "Golden city barrier", "Western region rush" and "jade plug throat" and so on Geographical position The importance of... At the end of 2008, the province had a permanent resident population of 5.543 million, including Han, Tibetan, Hui, Turkish, Sarah , Uyghur , Mongolia, Kazakhstan And other nationalities. is Yangtse River The Yellow River Lancang River Birthplace, known as" River source ", "China Water Tower".

Gansu Province

Gansu Province for People's Republic of China Provincial administrative region It is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its geographical coordinates are between 32°31 '~42°57' north latitude and 92°13 '~108°46' east longitude. It borders Shaanxi in the east, Bashu and Qinghai in the south, Xinjiang in the west, and Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in the north.

Ingan Prefecture, Gansu Province (now Zhangye ) and Suzhou (now Jiuquan) after the name, and because most of the province in Longshan ( Liupan Mountain To the west, the Tang Dynasty was set here Longyou Road It is also referred to as Gan or Long. It has jurisdiction over 12 prefecture-level cities and 2 autonomous prefectures, with the capital Lanzhou.

Ancient Yongzhou, yes Silk Road the key Land and golden road, bordering Mongolia, like a magnificent Precious jade Inlaid in central China Loess plateau , Tibetan plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau On the east and west meandering more than 1,600 kilometers, 453,700 square kilometers, accounting for 4.72% of the country's total area.

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) is located between 35°14 and 39°23 north latitude and 104°17 and 107°39 east longitude. It is one of the five autonomous regions of China.

The capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Yinchuan . Located in western China Upper Yellow River region . The distance between north and south is about 456 kilometers, and the distance between east and west is about 250 kilometers, with a total area of more than 66,000 square kilometers.

Ningxia borders Shaanxi Province to the east, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west and north, and Gansu Province to the south.

Since ancient times, it has been connected to the Central Plains and the West The western regions North even the desert, all ethnic groups from south to north frequent areas.

economy

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EDITOR

1. Chongqing Municipality : Full year 2020 Gross regional product 25,279 billion yuan , an increase of 3.9% over the previous year. By industry, first Industrial added value 180.333 billion yuan, up 4.7%; Secondary industry The added value was 999.221 billion yuan, up by 4.9%; Tertiary industry The added value was 1.320.725 billion yuan, up by 2.9%. Three industrial structure The ratio is 7.2:40.0:52.8. Private economy The added value was 1,475.971 billion yuan, up by 3.8%, accounting for the whole city Economic aggregate 59.0%. ^[4]

2. Sichuan Province : Gross regional Product of Sichuan Province in 2020 ( GDP ) 4.859.88 trillion yuan , press Comparable price calculation , an increase of 3.8% over the previous year. Specifically, the added value of the primary industry was 555.66 billion yuan, up by 5.2%; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,757.11 billion yuan, up by 3.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 2,547.11 billion yuan, up by 3.4%. Tertiary industry For economic growth Contribution rate They were 14.1%, 43.4% and 42.5%, respectively. The third industrial structure was adjusted from 10.4:37.1:52.5 in the previous year to 11.4:36.2:52.4. ^[3]

3. Shaanxi Province : Achieved in the province by 2020 Gross product 2,618.186 billion yuan , an increase of 2.2% over the previous year. The value added of the primary industry was 226.754 billion yuan, up by 3.3 percent; The secondary industry was 1,136.258 billion yuan, up by 1.4%; The tertiary industry was 1.255.174 billion yuan, up by 2.8%. ^[5]

4. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region : Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 2215.669 billion yuan At comparable prices, it was an increase of 3.7% over the previous year. The value added of the primary industry was 355.582 billion yuan, up by 5.0 percent over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 710.849 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2% over the previous year; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,149.238 billion yuan, up by 4.2% over the previous year. ^[6]

5. Yunnan Province : Gross regional product of the province in 2020 2,452.19 billion yuan , Year-on-year growth It is 4.0%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 359.891 billion yuan, up by 5.7% year-on-year; The added value of the secondary industry was 828.754 billion yuan, up by 3.6%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,263.545 billion yuan, up by 3.8%. ^[7]

6. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region : 2020 Gross regional Product of the region is 1,736 billion yuan At comparable prices, it was an increase of 0.2% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 202.5 billion yuan, an increase of 1.7 percent over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 686.8 billion yuan, up by 1.0 percent over the previous year; The value added of the tertiary industry was 846.7 billion yuan, down 0.9 percent from the previous year. ^[8]

7. Guizhou Province : Gross regional product of the province in 2020 1,782.656 billion yuan Calculated at comparable prices, the increase was 4.5% over the previous year, the growth rate was 2.2 percentage points higher than the national, ranking in the forefront of the country for 10 consecutive years. The value added of the primary industry was 253.988 billion yuan, up by 6.3%; The added value of the secondary industry was 621,162 billion yuan, up by 4.3%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 907.507 billion yuan, up by 4.1%. ^[9]

8. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region : Xinjiang will achieve gross regional product by 2020 1.379758 trillion yuan At comparable prices, this was an increase of 3.4% over the previous year. ^[10]

9. Gansu Province : Gross regional product of the province in 2020 901.67 billion yuan , press Constant price Calculated as an increase of 3.9% over the previous year. ^[11]

10. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region : Annual gross domestic Product of the region in 2020 392.055 billion yuan Calculated at comparable prices, the increase was 3.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 6.7, 2.6 and 1.3 percentage points higher than that of the first quarter, the first half and the first three quarters, respectively. The value added of the primary industry was 33.801 billion yuan, up by 3.3 percent; The added value of the secondary industry was 160.896 billion yuan, up by 4.0%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 197,358 billion yuan, up by 3.9%. ^[12]

11. Qinghai Province : The total GDP of the province in 2020 300.592 billion yuan , up 1.5 percent from a year earlier. The added value of the primary industry was 33.43 billion yuan, up by 4.5% year on year; The added value of the secondary industry was 114.355 billion yuan, up by 2.7% year-on-year; The added value of the tertiary industry was 152.807 billion yuan, up 0.1% year-on-year. ^[13]

12. Tibet Autonomous Region : 2020 annual gross regional product 190.274 billion yuan At comparable prices, it was an increase of 7.8% over the previous year. The value added of the primary industry was 15.065 billion yuan, up by 7.7%; The added value of the secondary industry was 79.825 billion yuan, up by 18.3%; The value added of the tertiary industry was 95.384 billion yuan, up by 1.4%. ^[14]

The total economy of the western region in 2020:21,329209 billion yuan.

In 2021, the GDP of the western region will reach 23,971 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4 percent. ^[15]

On February 28, 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the" Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development for 2022 ". According to preliminary calculations, the GDP of the western region will reach 25,698.5 trillion yuan in 2022, an increase of 3.2 percent. ^[16]

The total economy of the western region in 2023:26,932.5 billion yuan.

On February 29, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Communique of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2023. According to preliminary statistics, the annual GDP of the western region in 2023 will reach 26,932.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%, and the investment in the western region will increase by 0.1%. ^[17]

ASSETS

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EDITOR

Mineral resources

Natural resources

The western region is the country's resource-rich area, mineral, land, water and other resources are very rich, tourism is very vigorous, and the development potential is great, which is the formation of the western characteristics of the economy and Advantageous industry The important foundation and favorable conditions.

First the west has significant Mineral resources Advantage, though part of the mineral resources Development cost Higher, but mining development has become important in the west Pillar industry . western Energy resources Very abundant, especially natural gas and Coal reserves The proportion of the country is as high as 87.6% and 39.4% respectively.

According to relevant experts on 48 kinds of minerals Potential value of resources According to the calculation, the per capita mineral resources of the western provinces are basically in the forefront of the country. In the whole country Proved reserves Of the 156 kinds of minerals, 138 are in the western region. Of the 45 major mineral resources, 24 are in western China Retained reserves More than 50%, and another 11 species accounted for 33-50%.

Western region all Mineral reserves The potential total value reached 61.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 66.1% of the national total. At the beginning of the 21st century, Tarim, The Yellow River The middle reaches, Qaidam East Tianshan North Qilian, southwest three rivers, Qinling Mountains Central and western section, Panxi and Central Guizhou, Sichuan basin Red water River Right River, Tibet "one river two rivers" ten Mineral resources concentration area . In 2000, the western region accounted for its mining output value respectively Gross industrial output value and Gross domestic product 17.3% and 5.97%, respectively 7.09 and 1.67 percentage points higher than the national average.

Panzhihua, Liupanshui , Jinchang , Karamay Other cities have become regional economic development centers, promoting regional industrialization and Urbanization process . Also, the western region Metallogenic geological conditions , before Geological exploration The degree is relatively low, and it has great potential for development and utilization.

Land resources

Western region Land resources Rich. The west not only has vast land resources, but also has a high per capita Cultivated area And most of the grassland area. west Land area It accounts for 71.4% of the country, and the per capita cultivated land is 2 mu, which is 1.3 times the national average. Cultivated land reserve resources The total amount is large, Unused land Accounting for 80% of the country, of which 590 million mu is suitable for development Agricultural land The area suitable for development as cultivated land is 100 million mu, accounting for 57% of the country's cultivated land reserve resources. west Grassland area 62% of the country. Southwest Biological resources Very rich, featured agriculture and animal husbandry and biology Resource development and utilization The prospects are very promising. However, the quality of land resources in the west is similar to that in the east Central region There is a big difference.

Generally speaking, the western region has a high proportion of mountainous areas and does not have the advantage of large-scale grain planting. Southwest and northwest are Natural condition There are also differences, Southwest China There are sufficient rainfall, multi-climatic zones and rich animal and plant resources; The northwest region is dry with little rain and sufficient light. Tibetan plateau With unique highland nature Climatic condition . Therefore, the western region is suitable for development that ADAPTS to local land resources and natural conditions Characteristic agriculture . Parts of the west also have the advantage of producing grain, such as Sichuan and Sichuan Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province Regions, etc.

Hydropower resources

Due country Geomorphic type From west to east, there are three steps, and the western groundwater is rich in natural recoverable resources, accounting for more than 80% of the country's water resources, of which the southwest region accounts for 70% of the country. The southwest is rich in water resources, while the northwest is short of water. China is a country lacking of water, and the abundant water resources in southwest China are valuable assets for the development of industry and agriculture and the life of residents Necessary condition . The current situation of water shortage in northwest China has increasingly become the bottleneck restricting the economic development of northwest China, and the water shortage in some parts of northwest China is very serious, even affecting the survival of local residents.

Tourism resources

Tibetan plateau

western Tourism resources Rich and colorful Unique, with comprehensive resource types, characteristics and monopoly Strong, Natural landscape with Cultural landscape The characteristics that complement each other. from Natural resources See, the western region accounts for 72% of the country's land area, the terrain falls from the roof of the world to the low-altitude plain, the climate Vertical distribution Obviously, the landscape includes almost all types, rich in plant and animal resources and complete types.

World-famous sights include the Roof of the World Himalayas , Plateau Holy Lake, Qiangtang Safari park The vast expanse of the desert Gobi, ravines and ravines Loess plateau One after another, the vast pasture, the majestic Qilian glacier, the choppy Jiuqu Yellow River, landscape caves Forest stone integrated Karst landform Beautiful and spectacular Three Gorges of Yangtze River Let's wait. from Humanistic resources Look, the west is a multi-ethnic residential area, too Chinese civilization An important birthplace.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty

World-renowned cultural landscapes include wonders of the world First Emperor of Qin Terra-cotta Warriors , Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Grottoes cultural and artistic treasures, sites of the Great Wall, Huaxia ancient civilization Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum, ancient Silk Road , ancient Civilized city Ruins, Yuanmou Man site Representatives of Tibetan culture Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple And countless others Religious culture Places and so on.

In short, the West is vast, Geographical condition Complex and diverse, with distinct climatic differences and a wide variety of plant and animal species, National culture And the folk customs are colorful and charming, Chinese nation It has a long history of trade and integration with other nations, bright and traditional Cultural accumulation Deep, formed a very valuable natural, Humanistic tourism resources . At the beginning of the 21st century, there are not only the problems of backward tourism and idle tourism resources, but also the threats of extensive management, ineffective protection and even man-made destruction.

ENGINEERING

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EDITOR

In 2000, the development of the western region began substantiality The pace, the new start of the "ten projects", that is Ningxi Railway , Yuhuai Railway , western Highway construction , Western airport construction, Chongqing rail transit , Sebei - Xining - Lanzhou (capital of Gansu Province) Gas transmission pipeline, 300,000 tons of potash fertilizer project in Qinghai, western China Return farmland to forest and grass Engineering, Western University infrastructure construction, Sichuan Zipingpu water conservancy project Let's wait.

At the same time, a number of supporting projects were started in 1999. In the early 21st century, these projects were well under construction. On June 29, 2001, the landmark project of the Western development strategy -- Qinghai-tibet railway All lines are officially under way. The 1,118km railway is expected to be completed in 2007. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will run through Qinghai, Xizang The two provinces have become a strategic channel to communicate Tibet, Qinghai and the mainland, and have also become the western hinterland Road network An important part of the skeleton.

Power is transmitted from west to east

Approved by The State Council, Guizhou Hongjiadu hydropower Station , Yinzidu hydropower Station , Wujiang River water power station Expansion project, Tiansheng Bridge to Guangdong the third 500kV exchange Transmission line engineering The 500 kV AC transmission line project from Yunnan Baofeng to Luoping was started in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces and autonomous regions on November 8, 2000. Previously, on" Power is transmitted from west to east "Has an important role Wanzhou of Chongqing to Three Gorges power station 500 kV AC transmission line project and Yunnan Xuan Wei Thermal power plants are also under construction. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, 10 million kilowatts of electricity will be transmitted to Guangdong from Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi and the Three Gorges.

West-east gas transmission

At the beginning of the 21st century, West-east gas transmission All preparatory work for the project is progressing smoothly. China National Petroleum Corporation jointly China International Engineering Consulting Company The pipeline direction has been re-surveyed, and relevant departments and downstream provinces are actively implementing the market. According to the planning plan of the early 21st century, the initial annual gas supply is about 12 billion cubic meters, and later, with the deepening of resource exploration and the development of downstream gas markets, the gas supply will be gradually increased. By then, it could replace tens of millions of tons of coal and natural gas each year Energy consumption structure The proportion of the medium will be increased by 1 to 2 Percentage point .

Moreover, the state will also start a number of new major projects. Will add 5 million mu of farmland to forest and grassland pilot project, Guangxi Bose , Inner Mongolia Nierji water project Engineering," Five vertical and seven horizontal " The main trunk of the national highway An important section in the western region, Lanzhou - Chongqing Oil pipeline Engineering, Agriculture and Characteristic Economics, Center Urban infrastructure construction Western education, technology industrialization and Medical and health care Items, etc. In addition, speed up Tarim River The Heihe comprehensive Renovation project And Xiaowan hydropower station and a number of major projects in the western region Preliminary work .

Sichuan gas transmission east

Sichuan gas transmission east The project is another long-distance pipeline network transportation project after the West-east gas transmission project in China. The project starts from Sichuan in the west Dazhou Puguang gas field Spanning Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai 6 provinces and 2 cities, the total length of the pipeline is 2170 kilometers, the annual transport of natural gas 12 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 2009 China Natural gas consumption 1/7 of them, all of them are expected to be Sinopec augment Sales revenue 20 billion yuan.

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Western nationalities

The western part of China has a large number of ethnic groups and a vast territory, with 44 ethnic minorities Chinese minority nationalities The most concentrated area. In the western region Minority nationality Includes: The Mongolian nationality , The Hui nationality , The Zang nationality , Uighur nationality , The Miao nationality , The Yi nationality , Zhuang nationality, The Bouyei nationality, living in Yunnan Province , Manchu , Dong minority , The Yao nationality , The Bai nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Hani nationality , Kazakh nationality , The Dai nationality, living in Yunnan , The Lisu nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Va nationality , Lahu , aquarium, The Dongxiang nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Naxi nationality , The Jingpo nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Kirgiz , Family of soil , The Daur nationality , Qiang ethnic minority , The Blang nationality (living in Yunnan Province) , The Salar nationality , Kelao , Xibe nationality , Yugu nationality , The Baoan nationality, living in Yunnan Province , Russian nationality , Tatar , The Uzbeks , Pumi nationality , The Nu nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Achang nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Benglong nationality, living in Yunnan Province , The Drong nationality, living in Yunnan Province , Jino people , De 'ang nationality , The Monba nationality, living in Yunnan Province and The Lhoba nationality Let's wait.

In the long history of change has given birth to a splendid culture. Western culture possess regionalism , pluralism And primitive ecology, yes Chinese culture An important part of. The implementation of the western development strategy has provided a broad stage for the development of western national culture. Seize favorable opportunities and constantly integrate the western nationalities Cultural resources , for the push west Regional economy and Social development It is of great significance.

From the perspective of cultural west

Ancient times , whether northwest or southwest, all with Central Plains The region has close exchanges. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the west has entered Chinese history The vision. In the Tang Dynasty, the concept of the west was further expanded, and it included Tibetan plateau Hinterland, Yunnan-guizhou Plateau The northern grasslands, the vast western regions, and even along Silk Road cross Pamir Plateau . Many princesses of Han and Tang dynasties married Wusun, Tuyuhun, Khitan, Tujue, a nationality in ancient China , Uyghour , Nanzhao, a feudal regime in ancient China Such places and relatives have further deepened the connection between the magical western culture and the mainland.

History and culture

In the long history, the western region has established a series of state Of the nature of a local authority or chieftain A surname Regime, such as The Western Xia Dynasty (206 B.C.) Tuyuhun, Dali," Thirty-six countries in the Western Regions They have obvious particularities in politics, economy, culture, etc., and have formed numerous nations while creating their own history. For thousands of years, after continuous migration, differentiation, integration and development, as independent ethnic groups, many native ethnic groups have disappeared, but they can be found in numerous minority ethnic groups and Han nationality, most of these ethnic groups in the development and formation process with other National integration And created their own different cultures. Obviously, multi-ethnic is a prominent feature of the west. Of the country's 55 recognized ethnic minorities, nearly 50 live in the western region. In the west, in addition to the five ethnic autonomous regions, the remaining provinces and cities also have a large minority population and ethnic autonomous areas Qinghai (Province) As an example, the ethnic minority population accounts for 45.5% of the total population of the province, and the area of ethnic autonomous areas accounts for 98% of the total area of the province. in Yunnan (Province) There are 25 ethnic groups living in the province, of which more than 10 are unique to Yunnan. This characteristic determines the distinctive folk customs of the west, and also creates a colorful national culture.

From a geographical and cultural perspective

Due to the unique historical background of the west and Social life Formed its unique western culture. In terms of geographical and cultural personality, it can be divided into at least a few large Cultural circle : Yellow River basin centered Loess plateau culture Circle, Northwest Territory Islamic culture circle The northern grassland cultural circle, the Western regions cultural circle with the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains as the core, Tibetan plateau As the main body of the Tibetan cultural circle, Three Gorges of Yangtze River The basin is connected with the Sichuan Basin East Sichuan (including Chongqing) Pakistan cultural circle, Kawanishi (excluding the Sichuan-Tibet Plateau) the Shu cultural circle, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the eastern extension of Yunnan Guizhou culture Circle and wait. These cultural circles have their own relatively distinct personalities or styles. The loess Plateau culture is remote and simple, Islamic culture Full of exotic colors, the northern grassland culture is passionate, the Western culture shows the beauty of eastern and western integration, and the Tibetan culture is dignified and mysterious. Bashu culture The culture of Yunnan and Guizhou is full of humanized joy. This diverse cultural form is closely related to the lifestyle, concepts, customs, religions, arts, long history and living environment of each nation, and is a broad cultural ensemble.

The western national culture has distinct regional characteristics. National character , diversity and other characteristics.

regionalism

The west is geographically complex and diverse, the northwest is vast, the southwest is cut by mountains and rivers, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is cold and high. The western culture also shows its distinctive regionalism here. The Northwest region has a long history and vast territory, and its culture is broad in simplicity. There are many ethnic groups in southwest China, where the culture is delicate and lyrical. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is full of ups and downs, solemn and quiet, and its culture is full of mystery and temptation.

National character

The west in the long history of creation and formation, including language, Religious belief , Nature worship , myths and legends, stories, songs, dances, shows, costumes, architecture, handicraft Etiquette and customs as well as survival concepts, life and Mode of production Etc. National culture. Some of these contents are similar or similar in different nations, and some are far apart. Even the same people differ greatly in many aspects because of different tribes or different places of residence, which makes national culture more colorful.

pluralism

Western national culture is not a completely closed and isolated culture, but a multi-culture The complex, it's in Local culture On the basis of that will be many Foreign culture The factors transform to absorb into their own components and thus become vibrant.

Historically, three important passages ran through the west, connecting it with the Central Plains to the east and connecting it with the wider region to the west. One runs through the Great Northwest and into Europe Mediterranean Coastal ancient Silk Road One runs through the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Tang Fan Road The other is through the southwest Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Nepal , India and beyond The Ancient Tea Horse Road .

These three roads not only brought trade and exchanges between people, but also spread culture. Central Plains Han culture Flowing west into ancient Europe Mediterranean culture , ancient Arab culture , Ancient Indian culture , Central Asia Culture and so on are coming together here. The development of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity in the west is from this, which is the most unique Cultural phenomenon Is the localization of Buddhism on the Tibetan plateau -- Tibetan Buddhism .

motility

Western national culture with its strong local flavor is active in people's spiritual life and material life. World cultural heritage Old town of Lijiang Not a deserted site, but a living home for tens of thousands of people; millennia-old Heroic epic King Gesar It is still sung among the Tibetan people; The ancient songs, dances and costumes still express their longing for life in a simple way; The spread and expansion of modern civilization did not make this ancient culture far away from people's lives, but passed down from generation to generation and blossomed. The living form of western culture, or the original ecological characteristics, has a strong humanization, emotional color, which is the most attractive side of western national culture.

vulnerability

Vulnerability is another characteristic of western national culture. The relative closure and division caused by regionalism restricted the overall development of western national culture. Vast territory, inconvenient transportation, relatively sparse and dispersed population Special environment Formed a small range, small scale Cultural development Status. In addition, most of the ethnic minorities in the west do not have written language, and the inheritance of culture mainly depends on oral transmission from generation to generation. The lack of stability of written records is not conducive to external communication and exchange.

The western national culture is a treasure house of colorful cultural resources, its contents are extremely rich, and its forms of expression are various. It's not just for research Cultural anthropology , Anthropology of religion , ethnology , folklore Disciplines such as ecology and culturology have provided valuable wealth, but also for Cultural industry The development provides rich resources, but also right Cultural construction It has very important reference significance.

We will promote the development of ethnic cultural industries in western China

As mentioned earlier, Western China nation Cultural deposits Deep, rich connotation, rich regional characteristics, natural and cultural integration, colorful form, unique charm, great potential for development. How to make the precious national cultural resources in the west form a brand, form a scale, form an industry in the in-depth development and mining, out of the west, to the country, to the world, has become an important part of the implementation of the western development strategy. At present and in the coming period, we need to do a good job in the following aspects.

Change ideas

Due to many reasons, the western minority areas have a great interest in culture Regional economy And lack of awareness of the importance of social development, establish Cultural economy The new concept of culture as an industry to develop the consciousness is still relatively weak. To promote the national cultural industry in the west, we must break through the ideas that hinder the development, liberate from the traditional ideas, innovate ideas and focus on Market demand To think about the inheritance and development of national culture in the national and global pattern; Combine the development of precious cultural resources with regional economic development and social progress, innovate in inheritance, and make rich Cultural product Translate into Cultural commodity ; The values of western national culture, Aesthetic standard Spread it around and show its strength.

Innovation mechanism

Establish a vibrant national cultural production Management mechanism It is an important means to develop national culture. It is necessary to introduce industrial mechanism in cultural construction to realize self-accumulation and long-term stable development of culture. We must pay attention to doing a good job Master plan To formulate scientific, systematic and operational inter-regional cooperation plans according to different cultural categories, it is necessary to focus on different types, break the inter-provincial boundaries, according to the characteristics of each ethnic group, take the "big cultural circle" as the premise, and meet the requirements of the industry Social benefit and Economic benefit To maximize. It is necessary to establish a diversified investment mechanism for the cultural industry, straighten out the relationship between the government and the industry, and improve Cultural market System, improve the cultural market Management mechanism ; We should encourage and support all types of people Cultural group Expand cultural markets with individuals; To be innovative Employing mechanism Establish and perfect talents Incentive mechanism ; To combine Reform of cultural system Accelerate culture Structural adjustment Pace, build science Modern enterprise system Establish scientific, reasonable, flexible and efficient management mechanism and production and operation mechanism of cultural products; Have a sense of urgency and foresight, and strive to Mechanism innovation There is above New thinking New methods and new measures.

Planning project

To dig deeply into western cultural resources and transform resource advantages into industrial advantages, we must select projects, determine projects and speed up Project construction . We must carefully study and analyze the characteristics, values, advantages and development prospects of the western national culture, and do a good job in the spirit of innovation Project planning To identify the entry point for the development of national culture, integrate and allocate cultural resources, adhere to what is done and what is not done, avoid duplication and similarity, concentrate on developing advantageous projects, and create regional and national characteristics.

Build a brand

It is necessary to excavate and process to show cultural taste and value. Only by building cultural resources into brands and pushing national culture to the market can the national cultural industry be formed and developed. Therefore, we must be market-oriented, pay attention to the "creation" and "processing" of national culture, constantly Innovative brand , continuous improvement Cultural brand Competitiveness at home and abroad, strive for the best social and economic benefits.

Increase investment

To realize the rapid development of national culture industry, it is necessary to play the role of government and government in capital investment Social capital Two positives. (Social capital includes individuals, Private capital And foreign investment). The western region must reform the investment mode and broaden it Financing channel , improve Capital operation Level, explore and establish the effective promotion of national cultural industry development Investment system . We should not only emancipate ourselves from the concept of completely relying on government input, but also increase government input and support in combination with the current situation of economic and cultural industry development in the western region. meanwhile A surname The government's investment focuses on supporting the early development of the national culture industry, providing and creating the necessary conditions and environment for development. We must persist in the use of social capital Market economy The way to operate, to establish diversification Investment mechanism Extensively absorb the entry of social capital, and encourage powerful enterprises, groups, and individuals to invest in the cultural industry according to law.

Optimize the environment

Optimizing the environment is the prerequisite for the development of ethnic culture industry in western China. The optimization of this environment exists Hard environment The requirements are also there Soft environment The requirements of. Focus on transformation Government function Transfer the government-run culture to the government-run culture (service) direction, and constantly strengthen the means of service and improve Service quality Improve work efficiency; Be committed to the law Management culture Create a good legal system and Policy environment Strengthen macro-control, establish and improve local Cultural laws and regulations And policies; To strive to create a good Public opinion environment , break Traditional concept To truly understand and develop culture as an industry; To create good Social environment Maintain a good atmosphere of stability, harmony and unity in promoting national unity and progress; To establish favorable Cultural consumption the Market environment Rectify and standardize Market order Improve culture Market operation mechanism and Management system .

The foreign exchange of western national culture should not only focus on International market Should also pay attention to domestic and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Area. In the content of communication, we should strive to reflect national characteristics and regional characteristics. In terms of communication methods, we should not only use traditional methods, such as performances, exhibitions, cultural activities, but also innovate ideas and introduce them Market mechanism Adopt modern means such as network and video.

In short, it is necessary to fully display the magical national culture of western China at home and abroad through various forms and flexible methods, and establish the image of "great Western culture". Western University exploit It is a policy of the central government of the People's Republic of China to "bring Eastern coastal area The remaining economic development capacity is used to improve the economy and society of the western region Development level And consolidate national defense." In January 2000, The State Council established the development of the western region Leading group . Premier Zhu Rongji is the head of the team, and Vice Premier Wen Jiabao is the deputy head. After deliberation and approval by the National People's Congress, the Western Development Office of The State Council officially began to operate in March 2000.

The western part of China is located East Asia The western part of the continent, including China Southwest China With the northwest region, the territory is vast, except Sichuan basin and Guanzhong plain Other than a few essential parts, the population is relatively sparse. The founding of New China For 60 years, there has been a historic crossing of the West." Silk Road "It was once the first channel for China to communicate with the outside world, and it was also a heavenly road built with sweat and wisdom. Qinghai-tibet railway . The west not only has a lot of history and culture, but also beautiful prairie, most areas of the west have been praised by the world and won a lot of honors. The western development area includes Chongqing, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

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