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Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin

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First President of the Russian Federation
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synonymBoris Yeltsin(Yeltsin) generally refers to Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin
Boris Nicholas has · yeltsin (Russian: Б о р и ́ с Н и seem о л а ́ е kind guide и discusses some related problems Е ́ л ь ц и н, on February 1, 1931 - April 23, 2007), Russian He was born on February 1, 1931 Soviet republics Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Sverdlovsk Oblast A peasant family in Butka village, Daritsky district, Collapse of the Soviet Union The first in succession President of Russia .
Yeltsin entered the architecture department of the Ural Institute of Technology in 1951 and graduated in 1955. Joined in 1961 Communist Party of the USSR . Have served as The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Member, First Secretary of the Moscow Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet Republic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Chairman of the Supreme Soviet. He left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1990. Elected on 12 June 1991 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The President.
When the Soviet Union collapsed on December 25, 1991, The Soviet Union The largest republic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic After independence, the name was changed to Russian Federation Yeltsin, as the first president of the Russian Federation, promoted the market economy and democracy when he was in power. Shock therapy Bringing the economy of the Russian Federation to the brink of collapse. Four times as president People's Republic of China . Resigned and was elected on 31 December 1999 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin As a successor. On April 23, 2007, in Heart disease Accentuate on Moscow Died suddenly at the age of 76.
Chinese name
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin
Foreign name
Б о р и ́ с Н и seem о л а ́ е kind guide и discusses some related problems Е ́ л ь ц и н (Russian)
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (English)
alias
Boris Yeltsin
gender
male
nationality
Russia
Ethnic group
Russian
Place of Birth
Yekaterinburg
Date of birth
February 1st, 1931
Date of death
April 23, 2007
Graduate School
Uralkirov Institute of Technology
Representative works
The Presidential Marathon , The Midnight Diary - The Autobiography of Boris Yeltsin
occupation
statesman
Major achievement
Be elected Russia First President of the Union
Have faith in
Orthodox Church
Wife and son
Naina Josefovna Yeltsin
daughter
Yelena, Tatiana

catalogue

  1. 1biography
  2. ▪Early life
  3. ▪CV of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  4. ▪Put down the rebellion
  5. ▪Disintegration of the Soviet Union
  6. ▪Presidential years
  7. ▪Die in old age
  8. 2Administrative measures
  1. ▪economy
  2. ▪political
  3. ▪nation
  4. ▪Military affairs
  5. ▪diplomacy
  6. 3Character evaluation
  7. 4Personal anecdote
  8. ▪Choose Putin
  1. ▪Change one's hairstyle
  2. ▪Loyal fan
  3. ▪Drunken fun
  4. ▪Reject a call
  5. 5Personal life
  6. ▪Personal hobby
  7. ▪Family life
  8. 6Honor received
  1. 7Individual works
  2. 8Character dispute
  3. 9memorialize
  4. ▪Monument
  5. ▪Library
  6. ▪Memorial center

biography

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EDITOR

Early life

Yeltsin was born in the Soviet Union on February 1, 1931 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Sverdlovsk Oblast (South Ural) A peasant family in Butka village, Daritsky District, is the eldest son of the family. Shortly after Yeltsin was born, at a local Orthodox church At his baptism, a priest baptizes him in a drunken state, immerses him in water and forgets to let him out, nearly drowning him. In honor of his son's baptism after birth, his father named him Boris (Russian for Fighting spirit ) .
He completed his secondary school education in his hometown and in 1951 entered the architectural department of the Ural Institute of Technology. After graduating from college, he worked as a construction engineering specialist near his hometown Sverdlovsk Worked in the city for 30 years Sverdlovsk Oblast Construction Department, Southern City Building Trust Building Bureau. [30]

CV of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

A young Yeltsin
He joined in 1961 Communist Party of the USSR He has been engaged in full-time party affairs since 1968. Elected since 1974 Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union On behalf. In 1975 he became responsible for the industrial construction of Sverdlovsk Oblast.
In 1976, he was appointed first Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Party Committee. Yeltsin remained as the first secretary of the State Party for nearly 10 years.
In 1981, he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the 26th National Congress. [30]
From 1984 to 1985, he was a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. [30]
He became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in April 1985 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Boris Yeltsin was transferred to the centre as minister of construction. In July, he was appointed secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In December, he became the first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee of the Soviet Communist Party. [30]
In 1986, he was a fierce critic of bureaucracy and privilege at the twenty-seventh Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and was elected as an alternate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and was also re-elected as a member of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet. [30]
In October 1987, he was openly criticized at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Ligachev He also accused Gorbachev of ineffectual reforms and was therefore Gorbachev The first secretary of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee of the Soviet Communist Party was dismissed. [31]
In February and May 1988, he was relieved of his posts as an alternate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. [30]
In March 1989, he was elected as a people's deputy in the first election of People's deputies of the Soviet Union, and in May of the same year, he was elected to the Supreme Soviet Chamber of Nationalities at the first People's Congress of the Soviet Union, becoming a Supreme Soviet deputy. [30] In July, Yeltsin and Sakharov A group of dissident parliamentarians formed an "inter-regional Council" and served as its chairman. He explicitly called for the abolition of the provisions of the Constitution that stipulated the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and demanded "the freedom of citizens to organize social groups and political parties." [31]
In January 1990, Yeltsin joined forces with a group of radicals to establish the "Democratic Program" within the Soviet Communist Party, and became one of the three core leaders of the organization. [31] In May, Ren Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Chairman of the Supreme Soviet. In July, at the twenty-eighth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a series of propositions proposed by the "Democratic Programme" represented by Yeltsin aimed at reforming the Soviet society at that time were not accepted by the Congress, and he announced his withdrawal from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the end of the congress on July 12. [30]

Put down the rebellion

Yeltsin in 819
On June 12, 1991, Yeltsin was elected with 57.3% of the vote Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The first president, who took office on July 10, 1991, declared in his speech that "drastic reform is the essence of the President's policy." [30]
On August 19, 1991, Moscow There was a coup aimed at overthrowing Gorbachev and preserving the Soviet Union. Yeltsin's several choices played a key role in the eventual victory of the "Ural Mountain Eagle. The Kremlin . August 9 incident Hours before the incident, the guards were to escort Yeltsin and his family into hiding, but Yeltsin insisted on going to the parliament building, which was surrounded by troops The White House . At noon on August 19, he jumped on a tank in front of the Parliament building, denounced the coup as illegal, called for a counterattack by the army and a national strike, and told supporters to defend the White House.
On August 22, 1991, the day Gorbachev returned to Moscow, Yeltsin's supporters arrested all the coup leaders.

Disintegration of the Soviet Union

On August 24, 1991, Gorbachev announced his resignation as general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and automatically dissolved the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, thus removing Yeltsin from power The Kremlin "The biggest obstacle." [29]
In October 1991, Yeltsin presided over the formulation of policies including the liberalization of prices, the implementation of private ownership and government rouble A series of radical economic reforms, including becoming a freely convertible currency.
From November 1991 to June 1992, Yeltsin served as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. [30]
On December 7, 1991, Yeltsin went Belarus Without the knowledge of then-Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, alone with Ukraine , Belarus The leaders signed an agreement at Belovzh declaring the Soviet Union ceased to exist and was created Commonwealth of Independent States Instead. When he learned of the resolution, Gorbachev, though furious, was forced to negotiate a retirement agreement with Yeltsin.
December 25, 1991 at 7:00 p.m (Moscow Time) Gorbachev announced his resignation as president of the Soviet Union on television according to the contract, and then transferred the "nuclear box" symbolizing the supreme commander to Yeltsin, and then moved out of the Kremlin. [32] On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic decided to change the official name of the country to" Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin was the first president of the Russian Federation. [33]

Presidential years

Yeltsin's second term as President (1996)
On March 16, 1992, Yeltsin ordered the formation of the Russian Ministry of Defense and served as acting Minister of Defense until May of the same year. In June, Yeltsin met with then-President George H.W. Bush Signed the" The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty ". [30]
In January 1993, Yeltsin met with then-President of the United States George H.W. Bush The summit in Moscow resulted in the signing of the START II treaty, which commits the US and Russia to cutting their nuclear arsenals by two-thirds. In March, after the parliament stripped him of many presidential powers, Yeltsin announced on 20 April that special governance would be imposed until a referendum was held on 25 April. On September 21st, Boris Yeltsin The Decree on the Reform of the Constitution of the Russian Federation was signed and the Parliament was dissolved. On October 4, the conflict between Yeltsin and the Parliament came to a head, and army tanks attacked the parliament, dozens of people were killed in the clashes, and Yeltsin announced the dissolution of the parliament. [30] On December 12, a new constitution was passed in Yeltsin's favor, parliament was re-elected, and Russia was established as a powerful state Presidential system .
In December 1994, Yeltsin ordered the Russian army to pacify by force Chechnya The rebellion of... [30]
On June 16, 1996, he won 34.82% of the votes in the first round of the presidential election, winning the second round of voting on July 4, 1996, and was re-elected President of Russia. On August 9, Yeltsin was sworn in for his second term as president. In September, the Chechen War ended with the withdrawal of all Russian troops from Chechnya. [30]
On 28 March 1997, he was elected President of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the fourth time. [30]
From 1998 to 1999, Russia suffered a series of difficulties in the political and economic fields, and Yeltsin dismissed all the members of his cabinet four times.
On December 31, 1999, Yeltsin delivered a televised New Year's message for 2000: "Today, the last day of this century, I will resign and leave." The resignation is effective immediately. Minutes after his resignation speech, Yeltsin addressed the then 47-year-old prime minister Putin The president handed over administrative powers, including control of the "nuclear keys" of Russia's strategic nuclear forces. Russia has ushered in the "Putin era".

Die in old age

Yeltsin's tomb
On April 23, 2007, the Medical Center of the Russian Presidential Administration of Government Offices stated, Moscow At 15:45 on the 23rd (20:45 PM Beijing Time on the same day) Yeltsin died suddenly of a heart attack at the Central Clinical Hospital at the age of 76.
Due to Yeltsin's dedication to Russia, his funeral was held in the form of a state funeral on April 25, 2007, which was also declared a National Day of mourning. That morning, the ceremony was held Orthodox Church After the Cathedral of the Saviour was carried out, it then walked three miles outside Moscow New Saint Mary's Cemetery Bury him. [34]

Administrative measures

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EDITOR

economy

Boris Yeltsin
Beginning in 1992, Russia, under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin, proceeded Political pluralism And the market-oriented system of economic privatization. "Open prices and large-scale privatization of state-owned enterprises as the main content of" Shock therapy Its original intention was to obtain the establishment of a capitalist economic system at the cost of short-term economic decline. During Yeltsin's eight years in power, Russia Market economy system The framework has been formed. In the early stage of the reform, Russia adopted a series of maximum economic liberalization policies, such as liberalizing prices on a large scale at one time; Implement strict fiscal and monetary tightening policies; Privatization through free distribution of state assets; The implementation of foreign trade and foreign exchange liberalization, which soon broke through the traditional planned economic system model, laid the foundation for a multi-market economy. [3]
But the implementation of "shock therapy" actually seriously damaged the Russian economy, leading to long-term economic recession, declining national strength, a large loss of state-owned assets, and serious social problems Gap between rich and poor The power of oligarchs grows. This did not change until 1999, when Putin came to power.

political

Boris Yeltsin
After Yeltsin became the president of Russia, he propagated Western democratic values, advocated the implementation of Western-style political system, and carried out the political system reform based on the Western model. Yeltsin dissolved parliament in the fall of 1993 and amended the constitution to establish a strong presidential system for Russia. A new political system was established for Russia: a Western-style political system characterized by presidential system, multi-party system, parliamentary democracy, separation of powers, and free elections was established.
However, the Russian president has too much power, and in many aspects, the "presidential centralization system" is implemented, and many major policies are made by Yeltsin personally, often with the nature of presidential dictatorship. On March 17, 1997, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued an order to reorganize the government of the Russian Federation, one of the most radical personnel changes. In March 1998, Yeltsin reshuffled his cabinet and replaced the Prime minister Chernomyrdin He nominated Kiriyenko as prime minister. In August, the economic crisis in Russia caused Yeltsin's popularity to plummet, so he resigned on 23 August Kiriyenko For the post of Prime Minister, Chernomyrdin was nominated again, but was State Duma Two vetoes forced Yeltsin to nominate Primakov It was adopted by Parliament in September. In May 1999, Yeltsin dismissed Primakov and nominated him as Interior minister Stepashin Take over his position. In September, he unexpectedly dismissed Stepashin and nominated him Putin As Prime Minister. During Yeltsin's eight years as president, he had seven prime ministers, nine finance ministers, six interior ministers, and three foreign ministers.
In addition, Russian party politics is still immature, and there are too many parties, and as many as 26 parties were allowed to register for the parliamentary elections in December 1999.

nation

Chechen war
Collapse of the Soviet Union After, because Chechnya Ethnic primitive social system, here did not really establish a modern sense of the state system, ethnic cleansing forced the majority of non-Chechen ethnic groups to choose to flee, Chechnya warlords scattered, factions. Because the Chechen nation is not concerned with production and advocates force, its criminal activities in the surrounding areas have never stopped. On December 11, 1994, Yeltsin signed the order "disarming the" illegal "and restoring the Constitutional and legal system in Chechnya", and on the same day at 7 o 'clock in the morning, about 30,000 troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs marched from three directions: west, northwest and east Grozny Heading in. On December 31, the first Chechen War officially began. On April 21, 1996, the Russian army successfully eliminated the former head of the Chechen armed forces Dudayev . On May 27, 1996, Yeltsin went to Chechnya and declared the war over and the Russian army victorious. On August 30, 1996, a representative of Yeltsin and the Chief of staff of the Chechen illegal armed forces Maskhadov signed the "Hasavyurt Agreement" in the capital of the Republic of Dagestan. On December 29, 1996, The first Chechen War That's it.
The signing of the ceasefire agreement has given the Chechen people a respite. Chechnya has not officially separated from the Russian Federation, but has de facto independence, and the actual military power is still in the hands of Chechen militants, which poses a greater threat to the territorial integrity of Russia. On August 7, 1999, after careful preparation, the head of the Chechen armed forces Basayev He led several thousand militants into the southern villages of Dagestan and established the "Muslim State of Dagestan" on August 10. Yeltsin ordered the Russian army to establish a joint military group based on the North Caucasus Military District to suppress, and the second Chechen War officially began. On January 22, 2001, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the complete withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya, and the operation of the Russian army will be changed from large-scale annihilation of illegal armed forces to anti-terrorist operations. The 42nd Division, consisting of 150,000 men, and a brigade of 6,000 to 7,000 men from the Ministry of the Interior would be permanently stationed in Chechnya. The Second Chechen War ended in victory for the Russian government.

Military affairs

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin pressed for military reform in Russia, ending conscription and replacing it by reducing the size of the army and establishing a smaller professional military service system similar to that of the United States or Britain, which would make it more efficient and, crucially, easier to deploy and use in the immediate post-Cold War era. That would help Russia's bid to become a major player in world affairs. In addition, the professional military - contract military personnel have more opportunities to acquire the necessary skills to master the increasingly complex and gradually put into use military technology.

diplomacy

Relations with the West
Yeltsin and Clinton
During the "August 19 Incident" in the Soviet era and the "October Incident" in Russia in 1993, Yeltsin received support and help from the West. For more than a year after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin has been a pro-Western face, adopting a one-sided pro-Western policy, and has visited the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Canada and other developed capitalist countries.
In foreign policy, he secured the independence of Russia's Soviet-era client states, oversaw disarmament and established warm relations with Western leaders in an attempt to continue the Soviet Union's legacy superpower Effect. He used a "multipolar world" to counter America's global offensive. In the spring of 1999, he sent Russian troops in ahead of NATO peacekeepers Kosovo To show that Russia is not excluded from European affairs.
As domestic nationalism rose and discontent grew, Yeltsin began a shift toward an independent, all-encompassing diplomacy. The core of the adjustment is to safeguard Russia's national interests, create good external conditions for domestic economic development, and restore and consolidate Russia's status as a major power in the world. While continuing to strengthen partnerships with Western powers, he began to emphasize that the West should take Russia's interests seriously. For example, on the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Russia opposed the use of force by the United States and the lifting of sanctions against Muslims. Voted no in the Security Council on further sanctions against the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; Proposed a four-point peace plan for the settlement of the problem of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prompting the United Nations to adopt Bosnia and Herzegovina Resolution 836 on the plan for the establishment of safe areas; We firmly oppose the accession of Central and Eastern European countries North Atlantic Treaty Organization To prevent NATO lines from moving to the Russian border.
Relations with Central Asia
Boris Yeltsin and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev
In April 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin visited Kazakhstan and the two countries signed the Joint Statement on Cooperation in the Utilization of the Caspian Sea, in which the position of dividing the seabed and not the surface was clearly defined. In April 1998, Yeltsin and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev announced the partition Caspian Sea Consensus on the seabed and the use of its resources. In July 1998, Russia and Kazakhstan signed an agreement dividing the northern seabed of the Caspian Sea on the basis of a Central Line between the two countries, retaining the water surface as shared.
On October 11 and 12, 1998, Russian President Boris Yeltsin had two days of opposition Uzbekistan And Kazakhstan, two Central Asian countries paid official state visits. During the visit, Yeltsin met with the Uzbek president Karimov President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev They exchanged views on developing bilateral relations, maintaining regional stability and other international issues, and signed extensive cooperation agreements. The serious political and financial crisis in Russia has just come to an end, and the Russian President set off for Central Asia with illness, which not only shows the importance Russia attaches to the Central Asia region, but also shows the urgent desire of Russia to stabilize its status and influence in Central Asia. [26]
Relations with Poland
In 1992, then-Russian President Boris Yeltsin made public the World War II agreement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany to divide Poland. Yeltsin ordered a report to the Polish government concerning" Katyn event "Of the file.
In 1993, during a visit to Poland, Yeltsin addressed the then Polish President Lech Walesa The Russian side has no objection to Poland joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. [1]
Relations with China
Yeltsin and Zhu Rongji
Yeltsin was an active promoter of friendly relations between China and Russia. During his term as president, he attached great importance to relations with China and visited China four times in 1992, 1996, 1997 and 1999. During the Yeltsin administration, China and Russia established a strategic partnership of coordination and resolved the border issue left over from history.
Yeltsin actively promoted" Shanghai five The development of mechanisms. The mechanism began with the settlement of border disputes, the building of military trust and the promotion of good-neighborly and friendly relations, and then turned to border disarmament, regional security and the joint fight against the "three forces", and gradually expanded to diplomatic, economic and trade, cultural and other fields of cooperation, and in 2001 developed into the "Three forces". Shanghai Cooperation Organization To become an important international organization in the region.
Relations with Japan
Yeltsin and then-Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto
On June 20, 1997, at the opening ceremony of the G8 summit, Russian President Boris Yeltsin announced that Russia's strategic nuclear missiles would no longer be aimed at Japan, and he also proposed to establish a strategic partnership with Japan. [2]
From 18 to 19 April 1998, Prime Minister of Japan Ryutaro Hashimoto At the invitation of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin, he paid an informal visit to Japan. During the whirlwind visit of just 26 hours, the two leaders held two rounds of talks. On the crucial question of the northern Territories, the two sides only agreed on the Russian proposal to change the goal of signing a "peace treaty" in 2000 into a comprehensive "Treaty of Peace, friendship and cooperation" between Japan and Russia, including a peace treaty. At the same time, in order to further develop Japan-Russia relations, the two leaders jointly stressed that they will expand and enrich the Hashimoto Yeltsin Plan by strengthening economic cooperation, which includes strengthening cooperation in seven areas, including the prevention of environmental pollution and space development. In order to promote Japanese investment in Russia, Japan and Russia are considering the establishment of a joint investment company in Russia. In addition, the two countries will strengthen exchanges in defense and culture.

Character evaluation

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EDITOR
Boris Yeltsin
As Russia's first president and one of the most remarkable statesmen of the 20th century, Yeltsin fundamentally influenced not only the development of Russia, but also the development of world history. The turbulent 1990s of the last century were a time of dramatic change, a time of brave, extraordinary people, a time of people who were good at pushing against the current and leading the masses to new goals, and Boris Yeltsin deserved to be one of the outstanding men of the generation. ( Putin Review) [7]
Yeltsin was a brave and decisive man who never made compromises, and Russia should be grateful to Yeltsin, because it was his strength that helped Russia through the most difficult times, and it was also he who adhered to the country's path of change, pushed forward major reforms, and laid the foundation for national development. ( Medvedev Review) [27]
Yeltsin made a lot of achievements for the country, but at the same time, he was saddled with many serious mistakes, which can be called a tragic fate. ( Gorbachev Review) [8]
Yeltsin was a historic figure who served his country at a time of great change, playing an important role in the collapse of the Soviet Union and helping to lay the foundations for Russian freedom. ( George W. Bush Review) [9]
Old age photo
Yeltsin was a close friend of the Chinese people. During his term as President of Russia, China and Russia established a strategic partnership of coordination, solved the boundary question left over from history, and developed rapidly exchanges and cooperation in various fields. The traditional friendship between China and Russia showed new vigor and vitality. Yeltsin's outstanding contributions to the development of China-Russia friendship will forever go down in the annals of China-Russia friendship. ( Hu Jintao Review) [10]
Yeltsin was a contradictory figure who, like all great statesmen, had no logic to follow. Yeltsin is an important historical figure. ( Kravchuk Review)
Yeltsin, who understood Russia's need for democratic and economic reforms and defended them, played a key role in Russia's history. ( Blair Review) [11]
His countrymen and the world will remember Yeltsin for his courage, perseverance, and political direction, which enabled freedom to triumph and led Russia toward democracy. He devoted all his energies to building a modern democracy that guaranteed human rights and freedoms and accelerated economic growth. ( Chirac Review) [12]
As the first president of the Russian Federation, Yeltsin not only promoted the political and economic reform and development of Russia, but also played a very important role in promoting reconciliation between the East and the West. ( Ban Ki-moon Review) [13]
As president, Yeltsin faced many challenges, but he brought East and West closer together, replacing confrontation with cooperation. ( Barroso Review) [14]

Personal anecdote

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EDITOR

Choose Putin

Yeltsin and Putin
The young Putin let Yeltsin admire, but in the face of Yeltsin's decision to "step aside", Putin's hesitation had disappointed Yeltsin. Putting Putin at the center of Russian politics was one of the biggest political choices of Yeltsin's life. Until the moment in the summer of 1999, when he rose from his post as head of the FSB to become prime minister, Putin was virtually unknown. As to why he chose Putin, Yeltsin admitted to taking advice from his aides Voloshin, Yumashev and daughter Tatiana. However, he said that in deciding his choice, he was neither biased nor emotional, but based on his own experience and judgment, made a decision with a strong "Yeltsin style." [15]

Change one's hairstyle

When Yeltsin was just Sverdlovsk Oblast When he was first Party secretary, he usually liked to comb all of his hair back, exposing his entire forehead, which was typical of former Soviet officials at that time. Lyudmila, a barber in The State Council, saw no promising hairstyles when she first met Yeltsin. Later, she designed a chic Irish side for Yeltsin. As a result, the new hairstyle was widely accepted, and Yeltsin kept it until his death.

Loyal fan

Whenever he was on vacation, Yeltsin played tennis almost every other day. In 1991, Yeltsin began pairing doubles with tennis coach Shamili Tarpischev. However, after heart bypass surgery in 1996, doctors advised him to give up tennis because of the strain the sport puts on his heart. On the day Yeltsin broke his leg, a tennis match involving Russian players was being broadcast on television, and as a hardcore fan, he stayed in front of the television until late at night. After the game, he was going upstairs to bed, and he didn't pay attention to the steps under his feet and accidentally fell. [16]

Drunken fun

In 1994, Yeltsin went Berlin Visit. One day, Yeltsin was so drunk that he wanted to appear in person as the director of a Berlin military band. [15] When former Russian President Boris Yeltsin visited Washington in 1995, he was sent to the United States Blair House There are rooms in the United States reserved for visiting foreign leaders. When Yeltsin went to a cocktail party that evening, he was drunk and sitting alone on Pennsylvania Avenue across from the White House, several hundred meters away. Yeltsin's agents searched for him, and when they finally found him, they found him in his underwear chatting with a taxi driver, explaining to himself that he wanted to buy pizza. [17]

Reject a call

Yeltsin resigned the same day when his limousine left The Kremlin He was driving to his vacation home when the phone rang and the person next to him told him, "Bill Clinton wants to speak to you." Yeltsin was enjoying the beauty of the silver-clad countryside along the way, so he asked his assistant to tell him President of the United States He didn't want to answer the phone and asked Clinton to call back at 5 p.m. "Of course I could," Yeltsin recalled. "He was the president of a country, and I was already a pensioner." [15]

Personal life

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EDITOR

Personal hobby

Yeltsin in life is good at drinking, smoking, like to eat with pork, beef, roe deer meat mixed dumplings made. In his spare time, he often plays volleyball, tennis, fishing and listens to music.

Family life

A young Boris Yeltsin with his wife Naina
His wife, Naina, graduated from the Sverdlovsk Polytechnic School and married Yeltsin in 1952. From 1957 to 1986 he was chief engineer of the Sverdlovsk Design Institute for Water and Sewer Engineering, after which he retired. She likes to bake pies and marinate fatty meats. [28]
Yeltsin had two daughters, one a construction engineer and the other a cybernetics engineer. He also has three grandchildren, three granddaughters and two great-grandchildren. [28]

Honor received

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EDITOR
time
Award details
The year 1991
He was awarded the Order of "Hero of the Soviet Union" for his outstanding contribution to the suppression of the August 19 coup [4]
June 12, 2001
He was awarded the first Order of Merit of the Fatherland, becoming the first person in Russia to receive this highest honor [5]
August 22, 2006
Received the Order of Three Stars from President Wikier-Freibe in Riga, Latvia, in recognition of his achievements Latvia For the restoration of independence [6]
Yeltsin was decorated

Individual works

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EDITOR
title
Year of publication
Monologue
The year 1989
The Diaries of a President
The year 1993
The Presidential Marathon (" Midnight diary ")
October 7, 2000
(Above reference sources: 18 [19] )

Character dispute

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EDITOR
Yeltsin and his wife visit the Great Wall
Responsibility for the collapse of the Soviet Union rests with the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, who advocated an irresponsible course of reform. (Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev)
Yeltsin's criticism came from two main sources. First, Yeltsin played a central and leading role in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Yeltsin seized power and buried the Soviet Union by pulling Russia out of it. This left Russia permanently lost Ukraine This important economic and geopolitical center also makes Russia face Ukraine to the west for the first time. Second, Yeltsin hired a 35-year-old Yegor Gaidar The "shock therapy", eager for quick results, tried to carry out a storm of transformation in a country lacking market operation experience, and the result was encouraged, almost put the Russian economy on the brink of collapse, GDP was almost reduced by half, and the Russian economy has not yet achieved a real take-off. Yeltsin's economic reforms created a generation of poverty and left Russia with a financial oligarchy that caused political instability. And so did Yeltsin's political reputation Shock therapy The failure, more and more affected, began a gradual downhill course. [20]
The "shock therapy" adopted by Yeltsin did not achieve the desired effect "immediately" at that time, but instead produced a large number of "reluctant capitalists" who pursued their own interests in the chaos and developed into vested monopoly interests, which many people were dissatisfied with. In the second half of Yeltsin's rule, Russia was in social turmoil, political events occurred frequently, economic crisis was near, Chechnya war was burning and breaking out, party struggles were fierce, and the government prime minister was constantly changed. In his resignation speech, Yeltsin also admitted that he had not been able to "make the easy leap from a grey, stagnant, totalitarian past into a bright, rich, civilized future" and that "in fact I was naive not to make the leap." [21]
In 2012, the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center published the results of a survey showing that Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin pursued the least popular policies of any Russian leader in nearly 100 years. Only 14 percent of respondents supported Gorbachev's policies, while 17 percent supported Yeltsin's. Support for their policies was also among the lowest in a similar survey conducted in 2007. [35]

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Monument

On February 1, 2011, the 80th anniversary of the birth of Russia's first president Boris Yeltsin, Russia's then-President Dmitry Medvedev came to the capital of Sverdlovsk region, Yeltsin's hometown Yekaterinburg To unveil a monument to Boris Yeltsin.
Monument to Yeltsin Located in the city of Yekaterinburg on the street named after Yeltsin, next to the Yeltsin Presidential Center under construction. The monument is about 10 meters high and is made of translucent white marble. Unlike the bronze or granite monuments common in Russia, it symbolizes Yeltsin's optimistic nature, says designer Frangulyan. [27]

Library

On April 26, 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin The Kremlin In his annual State of the Nation address, he said Russia had decided to build a presidential library, suggesting it be named after former President Boris Yeltsin. [22]
The Yeltsin Presidential Library
On June 19, 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree to open a presidential library in St. Petersburg, named after the first president Boris Yeltsin. In accordance with the presidential directive, the Yeltsin Presidential Library will also open branches in all federal subjects. [23]
In May 2009, the Yeltsin Library and its website were officially opened. As Russia's national digital library, Yeltsin Library integrates the functions of library, archive and museum, mainly collecting books, archives, government information and other documents, the collection of documents is from the Russian State archives and other libraries of digital copies of the data. [24]

Memorial center

On November 25, 2015, the Yeltsin Memorial Center, built in Yeltsin's hometown, was officially opened to the public Yekaterinburg . The memorial Center consists of museum, library, archives, children's education center and other exhibition halls. [25]
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