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scraper
Noun interpretation
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Scrapers from China
Paleolithic age
Early solstice
Neolithic age
In the vast areas of north and south China, there is a widespread cultural phenomenon. After entering the period of civilization history, the remains of this culture can still be seen. Scrapers in China type early, distribution time is long. Through the investigation of Chinese prehistory and early civilization history, it is found that the scraper is one of the oldest cultural traditions in China. The cultural tradition of the scraper shows the close connection between the prehistory and the history of civilization in our country, and also reflects some cultural origins of our ancient civilization.
- Chinese name
- scraper
- Collection location
- 1-3 Floor, Culture and Art Center, Huanghe Road and Kaizhou Road, Hualong District, Puyang City
- age
- Stone Age
- Affiliated museum
- Puyang City Museum
- Subordinate region
- Puyang, Henan Province
Most of the scrapers in the Nenjiang River Basin were unearthed from the Angangxi cultural site in Angangxi District of Qiqihar City and the Liangzi Mountain area on the northwest side of Qiqihar City, dating back to 5000-7000 years ago. The unique natural resources in the Nenjiang River basin made the local primitive ancestors based on the primitive fishing and hunting economy, so the scraper became a very important production and living tool. The importance of local scrapers is far greater than that of similar types in primitive cultures in other regions, which can be seen at a glance from the comparison of the proportion of scrapers unearthed from different places. Local scrapers are rich in form and comprehensive in function. Local scrapers are roughly divided into circular and triangular types, circular type has arc blade scrapers, double blade scrapers, edge scrapers, wide round head scrapers, two end round head scrapers, round head scrapers and other specific forms; The triangular class has a straight blade scraper, a small triangular scraper, a concave blade scraper, a high ridge scraper and other specific forms. Local scraping equipment is unique in quality, local specialties of high quality chalcedony, flint and so on are the main raw materials. Its production process is very unique, it is made on the basis of general punching through fine pressing or polishing method. The unique material and production process make the scraper become one of the representatives of the local microstone culture, which not only plays a huge role in the local primitive life, but also becomes a precious sample of the primitive art because of its outstanding aesthetic tendency.
[1]
1. Preparation method
The punching method also includes the slamming method and the smashing method (also known as the hammering method). The scraper made by beating method is 89mm long, 59mm wide and 22mm thick. This stone tool is more special, is the processing of several stone tools after the final remaining stone core through further modification. Its top also retains the original state of the operating table, although the traces of its stone skin are still evident after thousands of years. From several large percussion surfaces on the side of the stone tool, it can be seen that the stone pieces (called stone leaves) that were knocked down are also used as scrapers. Moreover, as a stone core, the device also retains traces of suppression, and there is an obvious trace of suppression in the middle of its side, which can be seen to be carried out for obtaining a slender stone leaf. Like the stone tools, the scrapers in this area are mostly agate chalcedony materials, and the stone tools are green chalcedony materials.
2. Suppression
The processing method of the local scraper is rarely simple, and it is pressed or cut on the basis of the beating, in order to be more fine, and the local microstone culture is derived from this. The pressing method is mainly for stone with high density and hardness. Agate, chalcedony, flint and other stone must be processed by pressing, pressing tools are antlers, its hardness is not as good as jade but easy to hold and toughness (each use to consume some). Pressing method is a unique method of stone tool making in the northern grassland culture. Pressed stone tools, 21mm long, 18.5mm wide, 5.5mm thick, flint material. After punching, the gentler side is ground to a degree that is easy to operate, and the other side with serious convex and concave is further processed by pressing method. The groove after pressing is very suitable for one-handed pinching, very easy to handle, and the requirements of modern so-called ergonomics on the processing of objects are objectively consistent.
3. Cutting method (also known as anvil method)
The difference between the relative pressing method is that the cutting method is mainly for small repairs and in-depth processing of the edge of the stone tool after pressing, or for the stone stone with relatively lower hardness. Stone tools, 21mm long, 20mm wide, 11mm thick, chalcedony material. It is made from the stone core, then pressed and modified, and finally perfected by cutting method for the cutting edge. The final cutting edge is like a serration, which is more convenient when cutting fish and can also be used as a cutter. Due to the geological factors in the Nenjiang River Basin, it is determined that the production method of primitive stone tools in the Nenjiang River Basin is different from that in other areas, so when carrying out detailed processing, it is often more delicate and sharp stone tools. In Qiqihar Roller mountain area, many grinding and scraping devices with relatively rough craft appeared at the same time, together with the more detailed and precise scraping devices, reflecting the complexity and particularity of local stone culture stages.
[1]
Casing scraping is a running belt
Casing scraper
The operation of scraping the inner wall of the casing and removing cement, hard wax, salt scale and burr and other debris on the inner wall of the casing. The purpose of casing scraping is to smooth the inner wall of the casing and remove obstacles for the smooth running of other downhole tools.
Commonly used
Casing scraper
There are two kinds, one is the rubber drum scraper, the other is the spring scraper.
1. Prepare well history data and check the previous construction situation.
2. Prepare a casing scraper based on the casing inner diameter.
3. Assemble the pipe column according to the construction design. The structure of the pipe column is tubing (or drill pipe) and scraper from top to bottom.
1. The running pipe string should be stable, and the running speed should be controlled at 20 ~ 30m/min. When the running pipe string is 50m away from the scraping well section required by the design, the running pipe string speed should be controlled at 5 ~ 10m/min. Pump circulation 2m above the designed scraping well section. After the circulation is normal, the pipe string is rotated in the direction of string thread rotation while the pipe string is slowly lowered, and then the pipe string is lifted up and scraped repeatedly until the suspended weight is normal when the pipe string is lowered.
2. Lower the dynamic pipe string slowly, move the pipe string repeatedly until the suspended weight is normal, and then continue to run the pipe string.
3. After the pipe string is lowered to the designed scraping depth, hot water with 1.2 ~ 1.5 times the wellbore volume is driven into the wellbore to completely remove the debris.
[2]
