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The Kingdom of Bohemia

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A country in Central Europe
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synonymThe Kingdom of Bohemia(Kingdom of Bohemia) generally refers to the Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: eske kralovstvi, i.e Czech Republic The Kingdom; German: Konigreich Bohmen; Latin: Regnum Bohemiae) was formerly located Central Europe A country whose scope is roughly equivalent to Czech Republic Moravia Out of the district. Bohemia is Latin , The Germanic language right Czech Republic The name of.
It was in history Holy Roman Empire An independent member of the seven Elector One of them, Charles IV And so many Kings are the same Holy Roman Emperor , the capital city Bragg It was the center of the Holy Roman Empire at the end of the 14th century The Pushimes Dynasty , House of Luxembourg In 1620 Battle of Baishan After Austria The House of Habsburg Annex.
The 1648" The Peace of Westphalia confirm Bohemia Incorporated into the capital Vienna the The Habsburg Empire . The Kingdom of Bohemia effectively lost its independence.
Thirty Years' War After that, Bohemia The king has always been The House of Habsburg The Holy Roman Emperor also served, but remained a self-governing state with its own government. In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire dissolved, Bohemia A surname Emperors of Austria Part-time. [1]
Chinese name
The Kingdom of Bohemia
Foreign name
Kingdom of Bohemia
Abbreviated form
Bohemia , Bohemia , Czech Republic
capital
Bragg
Official language
Czech , German
Political system
monarchy
National leader
Otoka the Second , Wenceslas II Etc.
Major nationality
Czechs , The Germans , A Bohemian ( gypsy )
Major religion
Christianity
Establishment time
The year 1198
Extinction time
The year 1918
Front body
Czech Principality

catalogue

  1. 1Basic introduction
  2. 2Principal history
  3. 3Czechoslovakia

Basic introduction

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EDITOR
National emblem
The kingdom was founded in 1198 by King Otuka I, Emperor in 1212 Frederick II The promulgation of Sicily A golden bull "Clearly confirmed the matter, officially will Czech Principality Raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Holy Roman Empire Emperor Frederick II Publish in Sicily , acknowledge Bohemia The throne was elected by the nobility without imperial interference; The Kingdom of Bohemia was independent from the Empire, minted its own currency, had the right to appoint bishops, and had the preeminence of more than 300 vassal states within the Empire.
Czech Republic west Central Bohemia , South Bohemia isopalaeo The Kingdom of Bohemia , South Moravia , Moravia-Silesia ( North Moravia Not part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Principal history

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EDITOR
(1) Origin
territory
The name Bohemia is originally derived from "Boii", 500 BC, Bohemia region in Roman Empire It was a group called the Boshi Celts The settlement place. In the 1st century BC, The Germans They moved in and took over, but the name stayed. From the east in the 6th century Slavs The establishment of the Kingdom of Bohemia began its long and bumpy history and spawned a splendid culture.
The earliest state in Bohemia was formed in the 7th century Frank The Samo Empire was founded by merchants.
From 623 to 658 AD, it was led by the Frankish leader Salmon Czechs The empire rose and once built a defense here Avars the Slavs The Tribal Alliance. After Simon's death in 658 AD, it was taken over Moravia Man rules.
In 833, the Czechs fought with Slovak Have established The Great Moravian Empire At its peak, it occupied a considerable amount of land. Due to internal fragmentation and external intrusion, The Great Moravian Empire It died in 907.
(2) Pchemes Dynasty
The Kingdom of Bohemia
The 9th century was a glorious period of Czech history, The Pushimes Dynasty is Czech Republic The first dynasty, at the end of the 8th century, of the Bohemian region Bragg Was born The Pushimes Dynasty . Grow in a neighboring country Moravia Under the influence of living in Bohemia The central Czech tribes gradually came into existence in the 980s Pushimes The family of Pozhvoi was united around the united State, and he was baptized in 874 by Medodius, Bishop of the Great Moravian.
The Pushimes Dynasty -- is called" Czechs One of Bohemia The members of the tribe, hence the word "Czechs" - united the surrounding Czech tribes in 995, establishing centralized rule. The Pushimes Dynasty He ruled Bohemia and nearby areas for more than 500 years between 800 and 1306.
The 9th century The Pushimes Dynasty Bring into The Great Moravian Empire .
From the 10th century onwards, Moravia The empire fell in The Germans and Polish Between the cracks of The Pushimes Dynasty Take great pains.
vlafislav II officially proclaimed himself king in 1085, and in 1086, Holy Roman Empire Emperor Henry IV confer Czech Republic Princes and Dukes Vladislav II As King of Bohemia, from now on Czech Principality Subject to Holy Roman Empire .
In the second half of the 12th century, the Czech Duchy was renamed the Kingdom of Bohemia.
In 1182, Moravia became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
After 1285, the Kingdom of Bohemia had grown to include Austria So far as to Hungary , The Pushimes Dynasty Terminal and subsequent House of Luxembourg During its reign, Bohemia was the most powerful kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire. It became one of the most powerful kingdoms in Central Europe.
Charlemagne Crowned by the Bishop of Rome, the titular empire was born and was in use until 1254 Holy Roman Empire Title. The centuries of inextricable historical entanglements between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Holy Empire, which attempted to centralize power and was essentially a loose alliance, also began Germanic and Slavs The middle struggle and sway of fate.
(3) The House of Luxembourg
In 1306, The Pushimes Dynasty No heirs, in a series Dynastic war Later, Luxembourg Family John was chosen as Bohemia King, Bohemian by House of Luxembourg Rule. John's son, the second House of Luxembourg monarch Charles IV Growing up at the French court, holding universalism The attitude.
In 1346, the heir to the Kingdom of Bohemia, House of Luxembourg the Charles IV He was elected king of the Romans and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1355. Charles IV also made Bragg Became the imperial capital. He implemented a number of building plans, including the establishment of a new city southeast of the old town. The royal castle was rebuilt.
And so, too, has Bohemia's historic prosperity (in recent polls, Charles IV Still voted the greatest Czechs .)
On account of The Germans dominant Holy Roman Empire The powerful, Bohemian Germanic The descent aristocracy established an independent kingdom with a monarch by election. But later House of Luxembourg The royal family is dead.
(4) The Dynastic Dynasty
King of Poland in 1440 Wladyslaw the Third In papacy Eugene IV With the support of The House of Habsburg King of Germany and Hungary Albrecht II His widow Elizabeth fought a three-year civil war for the Hungarian throne, eventually seizing the Hungarian crown from Albrecht's young sons and also being king of Bohemia. [2]
On November 10, 1444, Wladyslaw the Third In the fight against the Ottoman Empire Battle of Varna Killed in battle. Hungary lordship Laszlo V To inherit the throne, they sent emissaries to Vienna to ask Frederick V Release Elizabeth Restitution of mother and child crown The latter refused. The nobles elected Hunyati Janos Hungary Regency, meanwhile in Bohemia, Pojblad's Izhi obtained the same status.
In 1458 Laszlo V died and became the regent of Bohemia The day of Pojblad To be king of Bohemia. May 3, 1469, King of Hungary Magash the First in Frederick III With the support of the emperor, he became king of Bohemia, but he refused to abdicate, and there were frequent wars until 1471 when he died of illness and the war ended.
The year 1471 Vladislas II Elected King of Bohemia. In the early years of his reign, he was constantly in contact with the Hungarian king Magash the First There is a conflict. [2]
The year 1516 Lajos the Second He became king of Hungary and Bohemia in December 1521 and married Princess Maria of Austria in January of the following year. Both of them loved a life of extravagance and money. Because of his young age, he was unable to govern, so in 1526, at the age of 20 Suleiman I Led by the Ottoman army occurred for the first time The Battle of Mohach Died in battle. It is said that he was an ambitious king who never realized his ambition in his life. [3]
(5) Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
1526 The Bohemian Parliament elected the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V The younger brother, Archduke Ferdinand As king of Bohemia, The House of Habsburg Heir to the throne of Bohemia as a relative.
Since 1526, as Holy Roman Empire cesarean The House of Habsburg It directly occupied the Kingdom of Bohemia for almost 400 years.
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty The rule brought two centuries of conflict with the Bohemian Parliament. In the struggle, Czechs Lost a large part of the local aristocracy, a particular form of religion, even Czech Widespread dissemination has also been hampered.
The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty The policy of centralization since the first ruler Ferdinand the First The King (1526-1564) began. His efforts to eliminate the influence of the Bohemian Parliament met with stiff resistance. But the Bohemian Parliament itself was divided, primarily on religious lines. After several deft political maneuvers, Ferdinand established the Habsburg hereditary succession in Bohemia. The Parliament had no power to establish the principle of election or even to confirm the king, which greatly reduced their status.
Although the kingdom of Bohemia and Moravia The border areas are all The House of Habsburg Ruling, they follow different paths of development. The Moravians acknowledge Austria The Habsburg family inherited power, so there was no local parliament and Habsburg The fierce conflict of monarchs. The historic parliaments of the Kingdom of Bohemia were always ready to defend what they considered their rights and freedoms. The Habsburgs' policy of centralization fueled the conflict, which was further complicated by ethnic and religious issues.
In the 15th century, Bohemia converted to Protestantism, but the Habsburgs were Catholic. As a result, the Habsburg family's right to the throne was challenged. In 1555, the Habsburg monarch signed The Religious Peace of Augsburg Freedom of religion was granted to Bohemians. These policies of religious tolerance resulted in Habsburg monarchs being consistently elected as Kings of Bohemia.
But in 1617, fervent Catholics Ferdinand II And succeeded his cousin as Holy Rome The emperor? A change from the previous Kings? Yes Protestantism adopt Zero tolerance Policies that led to his defeat as king of Bohemia, Bohemia ( Czech Republic For the time being The Austrian Habsburg Dynasty The rule of...
The year 1620 Battle of Baishan By the end of the 18th century, Czech Republic Into the centuries-old The House of Habsburg The "Dark Ages" of domination. During this hundred years, the Czechs suffered Austria The army was ravaged, it was Germanized, and it was economically and politically weak. Bohemia parliamentary Habsburg The struggle for autocratic power resulted in the Bohemian Parliament being completely subordinate to Habsburg interests. Battle of Baishan After that, the Czechs lost their native aristocracy, reformed doctrines and a vibrant Czech Protestant culture came along mainly with foreigners German With the influx of the German language, the status of the German language in government and social Settings is increasing. The Kingdom of Bohemia is nothing more than The Habsburg Empire It's just a province.
In order to follow Frederick V To reclaim the Bohemian throne from his hands, Ferdinand II The decision to conquer Bohemia led to Thirty Years' War The outbreak of... The war later evolved into a subversive war that swept across Europe and involved almost all European countries in the Thirty Years' War. Signed in 1648 The Peace of Westphalia Ended the Thirty Years' War. Sweden got Western Polynesia and Eastern Polynesia got Brandenburg Elector . France got what it wanted Alsace And some of the land around it. This treaty once again confirmed the Dutch and Dutch peace Switzerland The independent status of the German princes gave them the right to form free alliances and thus further weakened the emperor. In religious matters, the Peace of Westphalia was concluded in 1555 Regensburg On the basis of the treaty added Calvinism The right. Westphalia Treaty makes The House of Habsburg Completion under control German unification The hopes of Germany were completely shattered, and the division of Germany was worse than before, which was for Europe after hundreds of years geopolitics Had a profound impact, and still does.
France's war with the Habsburgs did not end until 1659, Treaty of the Pyrenees France gained again The Spanish Netherlands And some territories in northern Spain. As a sign of good faith, Philip IV He married his daughter Mary to the King Louis XIV . France became the most powerful country on the continent.
The Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 confirmed it Bohemia Incorporated into the capital Vienna the The Habsburg Empire . The Kingdom of Bohemia effectively lost its independence.
Thirty Years' War Since then, Bohemia has been The House of Habsburg Ruled, but remained an independent kingdom with its own government. Bohemia became Austria in 1743 The Habsburg-Lorraine Dynasty In the territory, German became the official language.
After the Thirty Years' War, the Westphalian system was established, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the later single nation state in Europe. Since then, European countries have formed the idea of equality in all countries, changing the situation in the past that each royal family casually asked each other to govern the territory because of the marriage relationship.
On August 6, 1806, after the famous Battle of Oettris (the war between the Austrian Empire and the Russian Union and Napoleon), The House of Habsburg Franz II renounces Holy Roman Empire Emperor, the Kingdom of Bohemia automatically becomes Austrian Empire Lording over the genus. In 1867, the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary The composition of the "Imperial Council represented the kingdoms and territories of St. Stephen of Hungary. Crown territory "Alliance, that's what we mean Austro-hungarian Empire The Kingdom of Bohemia became a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The first half of the 19th century was a time of national awakening in Central Europe. German nationalism - inflamed by confrontation with the French Revolutionary Army - and Napoleonic expansion both inspired the ruling Slavs Feelings of national rejuvenation. The concept of "nation", defined by a common language and culture, triggered a conceptual awakening that laid the foundation for the future struggle for political autonomy.

Czechoslovakia

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EDITOR
Most of the aristocracy is German Or Germanized Bohemia , Czech Republic The leaders of the National Revival movement were the new intellectuals, most of whom came from peasant families. Only a small group of nobles supported the Revival movement.
At the turn of the century, some Czechs and Slovakia The leader began to use the term "Czechoslovakia."
After the First World War Austro-hungarian Empire Disintegration, the world-famous unsolved equation surfaced, "Is a country a piece of land, or a group of people of the same origin." If people are of the same origin, which common factor should take precedence, race, religion, or language?" With or without an answer, Bohemia and Moravia The old dream of Slovakia is revisited. In 1918, Austro-hungarian Empire The Czechs and Slovaks sought to form independent, unified states, Czechoslovakia On 28 October of the same year, the Czechoslovak Republic was established, and Bohemia became a province of the new Eastern European state of Czechoslovakia. Masarvk (Fore6§Garrigue.Masarvk) assumed the presidency of the first bourgeois republic in history. In the early decades of the establishment of the bourgeois republic, Czechoslovakia ranked among the seven major industrial countries of the world.
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