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Fiery Cross Reef

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Fiery Cross Reef, South China Sea Nansha Islands A large atoll, People's Republic of China Hainan (Province) province Sansha City Nansha District Government offices. exceed Nansha six groups of reefs Some of these reefs were built by China in 1988 The United Nations UNESCO's Ocean Observatory - Nansha Yongshu Reef observation station . The administration is subordinate to the People's Republic of China Hainan Province Samsa Shi Nan Sha District [1] .
Fiery Cross Reef is 26 kilometers long and 7.8 kilometers wide, with an area of 108 Square kilometer There are multiple relatively independent sons Reef sheet Its southwestern cay has an area of up to 4.33 square kilometers and is built up to 2.8 square kilometers Artificial island The southwest Island of Fiery Cross Reef, referred to as Eternal Heat Island .
Among the Nansha Islands, the Chinese mainland has the most complete operation of Yongshu Jiao, which is also the administrative and military command center of the Chinese mainland in the Nansha Islands. Fiery Cross Reef On the dock A prominent monument of sovereignty was erected. Fiery Cross Reef is large, there are no close enemy occupation points around, so the environment is relatively stable, yes Development potential A larger island. A Marine monitoring station on Fiery Cross Reef was successfully opened in May 2010 China Mobile Business. In 2014, an artificial island called Yongshu Island was built, and if other reefs were also built, Yongshu Islands would emerge.
Chinese name
Fiery Cross Reef
alias
valerian
Generic type
Large atoll
setting
Nansha Islands
Present state
Nansha District Government, Sansha City, Hainan Province, China [1]
Area product
108 km²
United Nations site
Nansha Yongshu Reef observation station
Major reef
It is the Southwest Reef, with an area of 4.33 square kilometers
Island-building condition
The 2.8 square kilometers of artificial island is now called Yongshu Island

catalogue

  1. 1Geographical environment
  2. ▪Geographical position
  3. ▪landform
  4. 2Natural resources
  5. ▪Fishery resources
  1. ▪Mineral resources
  2. 3infrastructure
  3. ▪Tablet of sovereignty
  4. ▪Observation station
  5. ▪Communication station
  1. ▪Other equipment
  2. 4Coastal defense construction
  3. 5Southwest island-building

Geographical environment

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Geographical position

Fiery Cross Reef
Fiery Cross Reef, Nansha Islands A coral atoll. Hainan Island Yulin Port 560 nautical miles, attached to Hainan (Province) province Sansha City . Be located in Taiping Island to Namwi Island Midway, located in the South China Sea central route ( Hong Kong to Singapore ) and South China Channel At the interchange, about 250 nautical miles northwest of CAM Ranh Bay, Chinese fishermen called it "Tuwu".

landform

Fiery Cross Reef
Fiery Cross Reef is a long oval, divided into southwest and northeast two, the whole Reef sheet It is 7.8 km wide, 26 km long and 108 km in area Square kilometer Shallow lake shape is not obvious, the depth of 14.6-40 meters, At high tide The reef is not below a depth of 0.5 to 1 meter, and only a few reefs are exposed at low tide. Fiery Cross Reef is 560 nautical miles from Yulin Port on Hainan Island, and the reef is about 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide. High water time The reef is not below a depth of 0.5 to 1 m and is mostly above water at low tide. The main reef of Fiery Cross Reef is the southwest Reef, covering an area of about 4 square kilometers.
The Northeast Keys are in Northeast monsoon Under the influence of the formation of two Bean sprout Shaped sandbanks have the potential to form grey sand islands.

Natural resources

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Fishery resources

On the platform - like a fish
The fish in Fiery Cross Reef belong to The Indian Ocean - Pacific tropics fauna , be divided into Benthic fishes , Intertidal zone Fish, Reef sheet Swimming fish and Pelagic fishes Several broad categories, and to Coral reef fishes And tropical oceanic fish make up the vast majority, about 90% of the total species, of our country Marine fishes flora An important part of. Among them, 364 species are found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, accounting for 68% of the total fish species. There are 140 species of fish distributed in the Pacific Ocean, accounting for 26.17% of the total fish species. It is found in the Pacific, Indian and Indian Oceans Atlantic There are 31 fish species, accounting for 5.79% of the total fish species. [5]

Mineral resources

The water layer of Fiery Cross Reef
The seabed around Fiery Cross Reef contains a large number of valuable mineral deposits, including iron, manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc and dozens of other types Metallic element and zeolite , coral Shell limestone Etc. Nonmetallic mineral , and Hydrothermal deposit . [5] Strong Northeast monsoon It sends large amounts of surface water southwestward, thus forming one in the South China Sea anticlockwise The circulation. Spring and autumn are monsoons Transition period It is also a period of alternating surface currents. And summer Southwest monsoon The surface circulation of the South China Sea during the period (May to August each year) is roughly opposite to the flow direction in winter, with a counterclockwise circulation in the western part of the northern part of the South China Sea and a counterclockwise circulation in the southwest part of the South China Sea clockwise The circulation.

infrastructure

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Tablet of sovereignty

55 miles northeast of Fiery Cross Reef Daxian Reef 50 miles southeast Lifelong reef 46 miles south by west East Reef All are Vietnam Embezzlement.
Fiery Cross Reef
Fiery Cross Reef On the dock A prominent monument of sovereignty was erected. This sovereign monument is composed of three parts: the base, the trunk and the top, and the base has three layers of purplish red, marked Xisha Islands , Nansha Islands , Zhongsha Islands 3 large islands with an area of 8.23 Square kilometer It symbolizes the Nansha Islands of the motherland 823,000 Square kilometer The area of the ocean.
The central trunk of the sovereignty monument is 1.988 meters high, which means that our army entered in 1988; The front of the monument is engraved with the words "Yongshu Reef" 3 super red words, and the right side is engraved with" People's Republic of China Nansha Islands "red characters, engraved on the left side" The People's Liberation Army Navy Established in May 2000 in red.
The back of the tablet is inlaid with three red characters "Yongshu Reef", and the right side is engraved with "Yongshu Reef". People's Republic of China Nansha Islands "red words, the left side is engraved with" Hainan Provincial People's Government Established in May 2000 in red.
At the top of the tablet is a bright red "heart" -shaped design, in the "heart" shape inlaid a picture Map of People's Republic of China Above, the point of Beijing and Nansha Yongshu Reef is marked with red five stars, which means that "the motherland is in my heart" and "Nansha reef officers and soldiers will always be concerned about Beijing".
The design and production of this sovereignty monument were all completed by the reef officers and soldiers themselves. At that time, the Navy Nansha was responsible for this task garrison Captain, the national ten outstanding young people, known as the "reef king" of the current navy stationed Hainan (Province) Deputy commander of a base Gong Yunchong He led the officers and soldiers of the reef to use the remaining materials of construction to make this sovereign monument. [2]

Observation station

China established it here in 1988 The United Nations UNESCO's Ocean Observatory - Nansha Yongshu Reef observation station .
The monument of sovereignty on Fiery Cross Reef [3]
Fiery Cross Reef ocean Observation station Preparations for the construction of the station began after a meeting of the United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization, and the construction of a manned Marine observation station here required the excavation of channels and stacking Artificial land Houses and helicopter platforms. In the construction of both to overcome Natural condition And living conditions and other aspects of the difficulties, but also always guard against external interference and invasion, the task is quite difficult.
In March 1987, the 14th annual session of the Intergovernmental Ocean Committee of the United Nations Cultural Organization (UNESCO) discussed the development of global oceans Sea level unite Measurement problem It asked China to build five ocean observation stations, including the Nansha Islands, Paracel Build one of each. The measurement data obtained are shared. The establishment of the Marine observation station on Fiery Cross Reef will enable China to make its own contribution to the global sea level measurement work for the future Marine science Research, development and utilization Marine resources Are of great significance.
In April and May 1987, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Oceanic Administration sent ships to the waters of Nansha Islands respectively Comprehensive investigation , focusing on a dozen unmanned islands and reefs to investigate and survey, the Navy sent by South Sea Fleet organizational destroyer The formation escorted and finally selected Yongshu Reef as the site for the station.
On August 7, 1987, the State Oceanic Administration and the Navy submitted a formal report to The State Council and the Central Military Commission on the timing, location, scale, feasibility and possible problems of the station. On October 13, the Navy dispatched Engineering design And construction personnel by Nanjiao 350 ship, once again to Nansha to carry out construction investigation on Yongshu Reef, to learn more about Yongshu Reef Reef sheet The preliminary idea of construction design is put forward.
On November 6, 1987, The State Council and the Central Military Commission officially approved the Navy and the State Oceanic Administration, agreeing to build a manned Marine observation station on Yongshu Jiao of Nansha Islands, and instructed that the task of building the station should be mainly undertaken by the Navy and completed with the assistance of the State Oceanic Administration. Ministry of Communications Engineering ships are available for necessary support.
In 1988, our country should The United Nations UNESCO requested that Fiery Cross Reef be selected as an ocean Observation station . Relevant reports describe the process of building the station on Fiery Cross Reef:
From February to August 1988, in accordance with the decision of The State Council and the Central Military Commission, the PLA Navy set up an ocean observation station on Yongshu Jiao of the Nansha Islands. This station is in response to the United Nations Science and education The requirements of the organization were established.

Communication station

In order to solve the problem of communication difficulties for officers and soldiers guarding reefs in the Nansha Islands, the head offices of the headquarters, the Navy and the South China Sea Fleet at all levels have conducted in-depth research on various reefs in the Nansha Islands on many occasions, and put forward a plan to establish mobile phone service base stations on various reefs in the Nansha Islands. [4]
Fiery Cross Reef [2]
Communications Department of the Naval Command, Communications Office of the South Sea Fleet, China Mobile Hainan branch Be related to... Engineering technician Overcome many difficulties, carefully organized construction, in late May 2010 in the Nansha Yongshu Reef successfully opened mobile phone service. From then on, our country Nansha Islands For the first time, the sea is there China Mobile Cell phone signal. [4]
China Telecom Recently, the CDMA3G base station opening and service provision ceremony was held in Yongshu Reef of Nansha, marking the 3G network of China Telecom Sansha City Yongshu Reef of Nansha Islands was officially put into operation.
3G network After the opening, the officers and soldiers of the reef can make phone calls and send text messages with their relatives and friends in the mainland through the 3G network of China Telecom Video call Meet your loved ones.
The Nansha Islands will be opened in the first half of 2013 Territorial sea Seven 3G base stations on other islands and reefs in the region provide 3G for all Nansha reef guarding officers and soldiers and surrounding fishermen Network service .
It is understood that in addition to China Telecom, China Mobile also built the first mobile in the Nansha Yongshu Reef in 2010 Information station It was implemented on July 9, 2011 Mobile signal Comprehensive coverage of the seven reefs and eight islands of my garrison in the Nansha sea area. [5]

Other equipment

Yongshu Reef in Nansha after low tide
In 1988, when China established Marine observation stations on Yongshu Reef in the Nansha Islands, there were five in this sea area Reef sheet Ten were built above Beacon light . The structure of these beacon lights is reinforced cement base, and the tower body is adopted Glass fiber reinforced plastic Be made of, Tower height 7 meters, 1.8 meters in diameter.
Foreign media have reported that I will build a simple on Fiery Cross Reef airstrip But there was no domestic confirmation.
According to foreign media analysis, the Marine detection station on Fiery Cross Reef can accommodate about 200 people, including radio, radar and oil and maintenance personnel. The building includes a helicopter platform, a 4,000-ton dock, a 2-story building, and a 500-square-meter vegetable shed.

Coastal defense construction

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Fiery Cross Reef
On January 31, 1988, Vietnamese navy Transport 661, armed fishing boat 712 loaded with construction materials and more than 40 people from West Reef Set sail for Fiery Cross Reef, chased away by my naval convoy.
February 1988, Nansha Meteorological condition Very bad, every day the wind is about 6, waves up to 3.5 meters. The wind has lasted for more than 20 days and shows no sign of abating.
From 1 to 7 February 1988, East China Sea Fleet Sent 929 Landing ship (Set on board Construction site Command post, and also responsible for the living security of construction personnel), South Sea Fleet Ship 833, South Jun 613,609, South Barge 42,45 and Landing craft 8535, and the Dhao, a floating crane of the Shanghai Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation, Semi-submersible barge 11 ships, including the Heavy Duty 1, loaded with construction workers and equipment for the construction of the station, have arrived at Yongshu Reef.
The Navy sent combat ships and large Auxiliary vessel , right Subi Reef 11 islands and reefs Field trip At the same time, aircraft were sent to strengthen patrols in the Nansha sea area.
On February 3, 1988, South Sea Fleet in Zhanjiang Port Hold a grand ceremony Pledge meeting Navy Political Commissar Lee Yao-man, Deputy commander of the Navy Li Jing Leaders of relevant units will attend the meeting to see off.
On February 18, 1988, Chinese explorers just landed on the southeast of Fiery Cross Reef Huayang Reef , Vietnamese navy 851 minesweeper Armed transport No. 614 entered the southwestern end of the reef, and the next day two more ships were sent to harass it, which was also attacked by our navy Ship formation Expel.
On February 24, 1988, the weather improved slightly, but Wave height It is still between 1.5 and 1.8 meters, which greatly exceeds the requirement that the wave height of semi-driven boat operation should not exceed 0.62 meters. The personnel of the command post and the Shanghai Salvage Bureau were determined not to wait any longer, and with their expertise, finally unloaded the five construction vessels safely.
Fiery Cross Reef
At dusk on February 24, 1988, after a day of intense work, all the staff decided to try to dig the channel in order to catch the time schedule. Due to the hard geology of Fiery Cross Reef, some places can not shovel reef digging boats, divers risk their lives, using the method of stacking explosives on the surface of the reef. After nine days of fighting, the channel was finally blown open. With dredged coral residue Pile up 8080 square meters of land.
On August 2, 1988, China established the first one in Nansha Fiery Cross Reef Marine observation station Successful completion. Fiery Cross Reef, where most of the reef used to be underwater, now has a spacious one Artificial land A 4,000-ton dock was built, houses were built, roads were laid, courses were planted Coconut tree Modern instrumentation has been installed.
It can automatically observe and record water level, wave, water temperature, salinity, wind direction and speed, air pressure, temperature and so on hydrometeorology Parameters can also be used for various Meteorological data Through computer processing, storage, printing, and timely through the satellite to the domestic and foreign meteorological organizations, for the countries to provide reliable ships Navigation warranty .
While the navy is building the station, it's still on Subi Reef, Chigua Reef , Huayang Reef, Namxun Reef and Dongmen Reef Half of the five islands and reefs have been built to withstand category 12 typhoons permanence the Stilt house And send a garrison.
On August 3, 1988, The State Council and the Central Military Commission sent a telegram of commendation to the Navy, commend the personnel who built the station, and encourage everyone to make greater contributions to the defense and construction of Nansha. Navy Commander Zhang Lianzhong and political commissar Li Yaowen signed a general order on August 18, 1988, calling on the entire navy to learn from all the personnel who participated in the construction of the Nansha station.
A naval clash took place on 14 March 1988 Chinese navy Inflicted heavy damage on the invading Vietnamese.

Southwest island-building

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Fiery Cross Reef
Fiery Cross Reef covers an area of 108 square kilometers and has several relatively independent sub-reefs, its southwest reef covers an area of 4.33 square kilometers, and 2.8 square kilometers was built in 2014 Artificial island The southwest Island of Fiery Cross Reef, referred to as Eternal Heat Island .
Fiery Cross Reef into the expansion reef base camp to support the surrounding islands and reefs
Photo taken on April 20, 2014 shows Fiery Cross Reef Satellite image There is no indication that dredging work is under way at either end of the reef, suggesting that China is using the facilities on Fiery Cross as a base camp for its reclamation activities on nearby reefs. [6] October 16, the world's leading commercial high-resolution map website DigitalGlobe Updated its satellite images. According to its latest photo analysis, the area of the main island has further expanded since the end of September, reaching about 0.9 square kilometers. Actual control The largest Nansha Island also marks the replacement of China's Yongshu Island Taiwan authorities Taiping Island under its control became the largest island in the Nansha Islands. Observer network Military review Members believe that in the future, the area of Yongshu Island is likely to continue to expand by about 1 times, and China's political and military presence here will inevitably strengthen the production of Sansha City Living environment It will also be greatly improved. [7]
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