Collect
Check out my collection
0
Useful +1
Gothic
Gothic architecture (also known as Gothic architecture)
Goethe architecture
Is a kind of flourishing in
Middle Ages
Peak and terminal
Architectural style
. It consists of
Romanesque
The building developed for
Renaissance
The building is inherited. Originating in France in the 12th century and continuing until the 16th century, Gothic architecture is commonly called "French style" (Opus Francigenum) in contemporary times, and the term "Gothic" is used in modern times
Renaissance
Later appeared, with a derogatory meaning.
Gothic architecture is mainly seen in
Catholic church
It also affected secular architecture.
Gothic
With its superb technology and artistic achievements, architecture occupies an important position in the history of architecture. The most obvious architectural style of Gothic architecture is
Reach to the sky
The spires and the huge, colorful glass paintings on the Windows.
Gothic architecture has influenced the style of many later buildings, and also provided a lot of valuable design inspiration for later architects, and has an irreplaceable position in the history of architecture.
[6]
Gothic architecture with excellent architectural skills to express the mystery, pathos, lofty strong emotion, has a great impact on other later art. Gothic architecture is represented by Russia
Notre Dame Cathedral
, Italy
Milan Cathedral
, the German
Cologne Cathedral
, the United Kingdom
Westminster Abbey
, France
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Etc.
[2]
.
- Chinese name
- Gothic architecture
- Foreign name
- Gothic architecture
- alias
- Goethe architecture
- develop
- 12th to 16th century
- Architectural feature
- Pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying arches
- Thrive in
- Peak and end of the Middle Ages
- Magnum opus
- Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris [1]
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- ▪Development vein
- ▪Propagation and variation
- 2Architectural feature
- ▪Pointed ribbed vault
- ▪Flying buttress
- ▪Flowered glass
- ▪Cross plane
- ▪The door
- ▪Beam column
- 3Aesthetic characteristics
- ▪Elevation detail
- ▪Space construction
"Gothic" was originally one of the Germanic "barbarians" who participated in the overthrow of Roman slavery. In the 15th century, the Renaissance movement opposed the feudal theocracy and advocated the revival of ancient Roman culture, so the architectural style at that time was called "Gothic" to express its negation.
[11]
There are many theories about the origin of the Gothic style, among which the most representative theories are the following two: One is Vasari's theory, which originated from the invasion of the Goths, and later people used "Gothic" to describe this style of architecture, and it has been used up to now; The other style is represented by British architect Christopher Wren, and many Western scholars believe that this style of architecture was introduced to Europe by the Crusades.
[7]
Cologne Cathedral is a classic work of Gothic architecture
The first Gothic church was built in 1143 in Paris, France
St. Danny's Church
Its four-pointed cap cleverly solved the ribbed arch structure problem between the arches, and had a large area of floral window glass, which was imitated by many churches in the future.
In 1144, at a ceremony to celebrate the completion of the restoration of St. Denis, the bishops of the various countries were surprised to find this form of architecture irresistible
charm
. And so, 25 years later, Gothic churches appeared in every part of the country where delegates attended the festival.
Gothic architecture
In the early 19th century, British architects and artists became interested in the Gothic style and considered it the only counterbalance to the Renaissance style. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Gothic architecture began to appear all over Britain: H.Walpole, the pioneer of English Gothic literature in the 18th century, converted a 17th century house in Strawberry Hill, Surrey, into a small Gothic castle between 1749 and 1790; Architect J.Wyatt was commissioned by the Gothic novelist W.Beckford to design and build Fonthill Abbey as a private residence between 1796 and 1807.
The Gothic revival entered its heyday in 1850-1880, and many architects emerged in Britain inspired by the Gothic style, such as G.E.Street and W.Butterfield. Their emergence just met the needs of the Church of England to build and transform the church. Between 1840 and 1873 alone, more than 7,000 cathedrals and chapels were restored in England and Wales, about three times the number of new churches built during the same period.
[9]
France
France is the birthplace of Gothic architecture. French Gothic architecture is characterized by their sense of height and verticality, which has also strongly influenced Germany and Belgium. Compared with the diversity of the Gothic churches in England, the main churches in France tend to be unified in external form. They are compact, some with protruding wings and chapels, others without. The west facade has three entrances uniformly under rose Windows and always has two towers, though some also have towers on the wings. To the east of the church is a polygon with cloisters, some of which have a number of radially distributed chapels. In the south of France, many churches have no wings, and some do not even have side aisles.
Britain
When William I returned to England to take the throne, he introduced many French habits and Gothic architecture. Gothic architecture in the United Kingdom appeared a variety of steel beam structure of the dome, such as umbrella shape, fan, onion shape. English Gothic architecture is characterized by its extreme length, and the emphasis on the horizontal orientation of its interior appears to be even more than the vertical orientation. In contrast to the Gothic churches of France, Germany, and Italy, every English cathedral (with the exception of the Salisbury Cathedral) has a very diverse variety of forms. It is common for each part of the building to be built at a different time and in a different style, without any attempt at formal unity. The sleeve halls of Gothic cathedrals in the United Kingdom are relatively long, and some have two sleeve halls, as if the limbs were spread out. On the front, the significance of the door is not as important as in France, where the Congregational entrance is usually located on one side. The rose window will not be reflected in the large window on the front, but will appear in the gable of the armory. At the cross of a church there is almost always a tower, which may be large and have a spire. In England, churches are often square on the east side, but some take different forms.
Germany and Central Europe
In Central European countries with Romanesque architectural traditions, such as Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Austria, its characteristics also influenced Gothic architecture in these places, especially in its enormous size and huge minarets. The eastern and western sides of these Gothic churches are generally in French style, but the towers are unusually tall and often have regionally distinctive mesh spires. Due to the size of the tower, the front of the building appears narrow and crowded. Like France, German cathedrals do not have particularly prominent wings, but the interior of German Gothic cathedrals is spacious and open, even in Cologne, which has a large number of French cathedrals.
Spain
The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona (built in Gothic style at the beginning, later
Anthony Gaudi
After taking over, for
Art nouveau
Style)
Saint Euralia Cathedral, Barcelona
Italy
Italy did not pursue the structural system and modeling principles of Gothic architecture, and mainly regarded it as a decorative style. Secular examples of this architectural style include the Palace of the Governor
Czech Republic
St. Vitus Cathedral
(Prague)
China
Sishku Catholic Church
(Beijing)
Wanghai Tower Church
(Tianjin)
Tianjin West Railway Station building
(Tianjin)
Stone Chamber Sacred Heart Cathedral
(Guangzhou)
Xujiahui Catholic Church
(Shanghai) -- The largest Catholic Church in East China
Hongjialou
Church (Jinan)
Jinan Old Railway Station
(First station in the Far East) (Jinan) (demolished in 1992, rebuilt in 13)
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
(Hong Kong)
St. John's Cathedral
(Hong Kong)
Kowloon Rose Hall
(Hong Kong)
Vidor Catholic Church
(Zhanjiang)
Qingdao Catholic Church
(Qingdao)
Australia
St Paul's Church
(Melbourne)
St Patrick's Church (Melbourne)
The rose window of the Cathedral in Strasbourg, France
Pointed ribbed vault
(Flying Buttress)
Double flying buttresses of Amiens Cathedral, France
Flying buttress arch
However, Gothic architecture exposes the buttresses that were originally solid and covered by the roof, which are called flying buttresses. As the height of the church was further demanded, the role and appearance of the buttresses were greatly enhanced.
Cathedral of Amiens
The buttress has two arches to support the thrust above and below the thrust point.
Chartres Cathedral
Small horizontal arcades are used to increase its resistance, while Beauvais Cathedral's double-entry arch bridge increases the bearing capacity of the buttress.
Some have added minarets to the buttresses to improve balance. There are often complex decorative carvings on the buttress, light and beautiful, towering.
"Last Supper" themed window glass
And applied from
Arab country
Learned stained glass technology, patchwork together a colorful religious story, played a role in promoting the doctrine to the illiterate people, but also has a high artistic achievement. The window glass is mainly red and blue, with blue symbolizing heaven and red symbolizing heaven
Christ
The blood.
Window lattice
The construction process is very elaborate and complicated. The slender Windows are called"
Willow Leaf Window
And round ones are called"
Rose window
".
tracery
glass
It creates a mysterious and brilliant scene inside the church, thus changing the feeling of Romanesque architecture being dull and depressed due to insufficient lighting, and expressing people's inner ideal of yearning for the kingdom of heaven.
Gothic architecture gate
(beam-column)
The column is no longer a simple round, a number of columns together, emphasizing the vertical lines, more set off the towering space.
Gothic church
The interior space is high and open, simple and unified. Decorative details such as
baldachin
,
niche
All of them also use pointed coupons as the theme, and the architectural style and structural methods form an organic whole. The whole building looks clean lines, the exterior is magnificent, and the interior is very open and bright.
Gothic architecture is highly sophisticated and artistic, and occupies a very important position in the history of architecture.
Although medieval churches had strict requirements for shape, the changes were reflected in the details of Gothic architecture: from pointed arches of varying inclines to beam columns of various combinations; From the height of different minarets, to the theme of colorful glass Windows.
In Ruskin's eyes, the change pursued by Gothic architecture is a wild and restless imagination of reality. Under the shackles of scholasticism, the craftsmen of Gothic architecture expressed their passion for life and pursuit of change through complex and diverse carving and decoration. Although medieval architects and craftsmen were controlled by religious theology and changed in pursuit of a different kind of church from the pagans, through change, Gothic architecture broke away from the quiet solemnization of classicism and threw aside the complicated rules and standard examples of Greek and Roman temple architecture to bring new life and form to architecture. Unlike the perfectionism of ancient Greek temple sculpture, the sculpture of Gothic architecture was a portrayal of reality, and the suffering saints on the facade and inside of the church were not glorified as angels, and the craftsmen displayed both their divine brilliance and their mortal decay. These statues and paintings can give believers a real experience, allowing them to empathize emotionally and transcend themselves, in the same way that human spiritual needs transcend material needs.
In the Middle Ages, all forms of art, whether poetry or music or painting or sculpture, were subject to one theme: the representation of the glory of the Holy Spirit of God, and of course architecture. As the abode of God in the world, Gothic churches not only have the mysterious holiness of temple buildings, but also play a role in making people feel that God is unattainable and has a complete sense of distance from mortals. As a place for believers to hold religious ceremonies, the church is also an important place for people to communicate with God, and a place for people to repent, be baptized, be purified and redeemed by religion. This kind of function is consistent with the theology of the Middle Ages, and gradually perfected over time, forming the unique aesthetic thought of the Middle Ages, and Gothic architecture has become the concrete manifestation of this aesthetic theory.
Under the leadership of this aesthetic theory, the interior space of Gothic architecture is different from the temples of ancient Greece and Rome, which are tall and solemn and clearly oriented, while the temples of holy places in ancient Greece are open and transparent and approachable. In order to create a sense of distance between the Holy Spirit and the human world, the interior space of the Gothic church will bring people a sense of solitude and isolation from the outside world, a sense of transcendence and nobility, so that people who walk in can not help but be in awe. Most of the Gothic churches in the middle and late Middle Ages have large stained glass Windows. Sunlight passes through the stained glass depicting various pictures or various geometric patterns and is projected on the inside of the towering church, creating a holy and mysterious atmosphere and dividing a beautiful world away from the dark and cold secular life.
The writing of scholasticism has the requirement of "coordinating the whole text according to the parts of a sequence and the subdivision system below". This requirement is reflected in the construction of Gothic churches at that time. The structure of churches is repeatedly divided, and this division of hierarchy is most obvious in the ribwork arch of churches. The entire roof of the church consists of a cross-ribbed arch connected by a sequence of ribbed vaults in the nave and a sequence of ribbed vaults in the side porch, each of which has a projected plane of one side of a triangle, with adjacent triangles sharing the same edge. This sense of sequence of rib-frame arches in the middle hall and side corridors corresponds to the chapter hierarchy of the Scholastic papers. In the Middle Ages, the structure of the church was generally divided into three parts: the nave, the transept and the back. The chapel includes the former choir and choir. The inside of the nave is further divided into the nave and the side corridor, and the rear hall is divided into the semicircular rear hall, the rear cloister and the semicircular chapel. At this point, the hierarchy of a Gothic church is clear and detailed, like an orderly tree diagram, which is similar to the outline of the thesis. After Scholasticism made clear improvements to the structure of treatises, works such as the Ten Books of Architecture were no longer separated volumes, which also influenced the writing of later treatises, and just like this influence, the architectural structure of Gothic architecture with a distinct skeleton also opened up a unique beauty.
[4]
Gothic architecture had a great influence on the painting art and sculpture art of medieval Europe. For example, stained glass painting, with the popularity of Gothic churches, stained glass painting replaced the original strokes and became an irreplaceable part of Gothic churches. This also makes stained glass painting gradually become an important form of decoration, in the later period of continuous development, the formation of a new painting art. Gothic sculpture has gained new development in the relief technique of Gothic architecture, and Gothic sculpture is more prominent humanism and more vivid.
Gothic architectural art had a great influence on medieval clothing and furniture decoration. In terms of clothing tailoring, medieval European clothing style was influenced by the overall image of tall and thin Gothic architecture, began to focus on the waist curve of the human body, and formed the "narrow clothes culture", which is also the origin of modern western clothing. In terms of color, under the influence of rich Gothic colors, the colors of clothing gradually pay attention to matching, and form a variety of styles. In the aspect of furniture decoration, the architectural features of Gothic churches are used as a modeling symbol in furniture design. For example, the flame type and pointed arch type carving are used as decorative patterns in furniture manufacturing, such as the design of higher education tableware is also inspired by Gothic architecture.
[8]
As a history book written in stone, Gothic architecture is an important artistic heritage left over from the Middle Ages, and the characteristics of the Middle Ages are deeply imprinted in these buildings, opening a door for future generations to understand the Middle Ages. Gothic architecture is the real entity of medieval scholasticism and aesthetic thought, which has both religious meaning and aesthetic meaning. Influenced by medieval theology, Gothic architecture can give people a mysterious, dark atmosphere, and will create a romantic atmosphere of death, let people immerse in its unique charm, continue to follow it, improve it, and eventually make it a huge system covering architecture, painting, literature, film, clothing, music and other fields.
[4]
The integration of Gothic style clothing and modern clothing design concepts has been continuously mounted on the stage of major shows, and has become one of the important expressions of clothing design. In 2018, Chinese designer Guo Pei released a series of works in Paris with the theme of "architecture". The overall silhouette of the costume incorporates medieval Gothic architecture. Through the sharp tower, arched roof, circular window and flying buttress, the overall structure of the Gothic architectural style is clearly and cleverly presented in the garment structure.
[5]
Starting from the late Ming Dynasty, Chinese architecture gradually introduced some western decorative techniques. However, Western architectural techniques began to be widely used in Chinese architecture, starting from the construction of the Old Summer Palace. The Old Summer Palace not only draws inspiration from traditional Chinese culture, but also uses many Western architectural techniques, and even builds European gardens specifically to present Western culture. From here, Chinese and Western architectural techniques and styles began to react and integrate, especially Baroque and Gothic art. It not only brings more decorative space to our country's architecture, but also brings a new test to the development of Chinese local architecture.
The largest Gothic church in China, the "Stone Room", clearly shows the influence of Gothic architecture on Chinese architecture. It is located in Guangzhou Yuexiu Mountain Yide East Road, is a pure granite built Gothic church, is the largest in the country with a high straight spire as the characteristics of the Gothic building, because it is made of pure granite masonry, so it is called "stone room" by local residents, because of its foundation day chosen in the sacred Heart feast Day, it is also called "Sacred Heart Cathedral". The cathedral of the Sacred Heart is modeled after the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, and the project is very large. The east and west towers are built on the front facade, and the central gate is formed. 35 meters wide from east to west, 78.69 meters long from north to south, the east and west sides of the use of flying vouchers, the interior of the cross-shaped tip voucher vault, with side high Windows on both sides. The unique Gothic architectural techniques and decorative techniques make the whole church magnificent and full of charm.
[10]
Shenyang Xiaonan Catholic Church
Shenyang Xiaonan Catholic Church
It is a typical Gothic architecture. Above the church is an east-west symmetrical bell tower topped by a huge bronze cross. Church gallery arch, blue brick carvings, wall window pattern.
[12]
St. Michael's Cathedral
St. Michael's Cathedral, located at No. 15 Zhejiang Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, is the largest Catholic church and Gothic building in Qingdao area, as well as the only consecrated church in China. It was built from 1932 to 1934, covering an area of 11,780 square meters and a construction area of 1,877 square meters. The building plane is in the shape of a cross, the main two wings of the church, each with a minaret, 56 meters high, and a 4.5-meter-high giant cross at the top. The hall is 18 meters high and can accommodate 1,000 people. The interior is decorated in Italian Renaissance period and the dome is painted with iconoclinal frescoes. In 1992, it was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit. In 2006, as one of the German buildings in Qingdao, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
[13]
In the second half of the 11th century, Gothic architecture first emerged in France. At that time, some churches in France had ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.
St. Danny's Church
The four-pointed structure of the church ingeniously solved the ribbed arch structure between the arches and had a large area of stained glass Windows, which was imitated by many later churches.
Although the French Gothic church plan is in the shape of a Latin cross, there are few transverse wings protruding. The west is the main entrance, the east ring temple has a ring gallery, many small worship rooms into a radial arrangement. The interior of the church, especially the nave, is tall and has large stained glass Windows. The remarkable feature of its appearance is that there are many large and small minarets and spires, and some of the tall bell towers in the west are also built with spires. There was a very high spire on the roof at the cross of the planes, and exquisite spires on the buttresses and pallets, and tall and slender Windows, and the whole church had a strong upward motion and rich carvings.
The west facade is the focus of the building, and the typical composition is: a pair of tall bell towers on both sides, which are connected horizontally by the horizontal corridor below, and the three gates are composed of a perspective door consisting of a series of retreating pointed tickets, which are covered with statues. Above the main entrance is a large dome called the Rose Window, exquisitely carved and ornate.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
The Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, formally known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris, is a Gothic Christian church building located on the banks of the Seine, in the center of Paris, France, on the island of the West, and is the cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese of Paris. Its status and historical value are unparalleled, and it is one of the most brilliant buildings in history.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Is a representative of the early Gothic church in France, it is not only the most famous Gothic architecture, but also known for
Architectural art
On the superb level of reputation in Europe.
Cathedral of Amiens
It is a representative of the peak period of French Gothic architecture, 137 meters long and 46 meters wide, with little transverse wing protration, and seven small worship rooms arranged radially in the eastern ring hall. The middle hall is 15 meters wide and the vault is 43 meters high. The middle hall has a rectangular arch plan, each with a cross vault, corresponding to the side hall vault. Instead of being round, four thin columns are attached to a single column to form a bundle of columns. The thin column is connected with the upper frame and enhances the upward motive force. The interior of the church is full of stained glass, and the walls are barely visible. The exterior of the church is beautifully decorated and magnificent. The church is a sign of the maturity of Gothic architecture.
The famous churches of the French high period
Cathedral of Reims
and
Cathedral of Chartres
They are related to
Bishop of Amiens
hall
and
Beauvais Cathedral
Together, they are known as the four great Gothic churches of France.
Strasbourg Cathedral
Also famous, its minaret is 142 meters high.
Hundred Years' War
Almost no churches were built in France in the 14th century. By the time Gothic architecture revived, it had reached the flame-pattern period, which got its name from the flame-shaped lattice of the eon. Architectural decoration tends to be "fluid" and complex. The column often has no capital, and many thin columns from the ground to the vault become ribbed. Decorative ribs appeared on the vault, and the ribs became stars or other complex forms. At that time, very few large churches were built. This style is found mostly in additions or alterations to cathedrals and, to a lesser extent, in new churches.
The number of secular buildings of the Gothic period in France is very large, and the structure and form of the Gothic church are very different. The city is very well defended due to years of war. Castles are mostly built on high ground, with thick stone walls, numerous pillboxes and strict appearance. But the walls limited the growth of the city, which was noisy and crowded with poor living conditions. The multi-storey civic accommodation is attached to both sides of the narrow, gable street. The second floor is raised to expand the space, and the first floor is usually a workshop or shop. The structure is mostly wooden frame, often exposed to form a beautiful pattern, quite fun. The mansions of the rich, the town hall, the guilds, etc., are mostly built of brick and stone, using many of the decorative techniques of Gothic churches.
Salisbury Cathedral
Anglican
Salisbury Cathedral
Similar to the construction age of the main church of Amiens in France, the middle hall is shorter and deeper, with a side hall on each side, and the transverse wing is more prominent, and there is a shorter rear transverse wing, which can accommodate more priests, which is a common layout technique in Britain. The facade of the church is also to the west. The east end is mostly square hall, and the ring hall is rarely used. Although Salisbury Church has flying buttresses, they are not significant.
The steeple of the Church of England at the horizontal cross is often very tall and becomes the center of the composition, with the western bell tower taking a back seat. The central spire of Salisbury Church is about 123 metres high, making it the tallest church in England. The church has an English exterior, but the interior is still French and decorated simply. The interior of the later church has a stronger English style. The west window of York Church is complex, with many curved frames forming a vivid pattern. The vaulting ribs of this period were abundant,
Exeter
ecclesia
The ribbed frame is like the spreading branches of a large tree, very powerful, and also uses a bunch of columns composed of many columns.
Exeter Cathedral
The secular architecture of the Gothic period in England was very successful. In the early days of Gothic architecture, feudal castles were very defensive, with thick walls, many towers and bunkers, and high nuclear forts inside the walls. After the 15th century, the royal power was further consolidated, Windows were opened in the outer walls of the castle, and more consideration was given to the comfort of living. British residents of the semi-wooden housing with wooden columns and wooden rails as the frame, plus
Decorative pattern
Dark wood beams and columns alternate with white walls, and the appearance is lively.
Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral
It was started in 1248 and was built by
Amiens
The French design of the main church has the style of the Gothic church of the high period of France, and the singing altar and the temple are similar to the church of Amiens. Its inner nave is 46 meters high, second only to the Cathedral of Beauvais in France. The twin towers on the west side, 152 meters high, are spectacular.
German church formed its own shape and characteristics very early, its middle hall and side hall height is the same, neither high side Windows, nor flying buttresses, completely rely on the outer wall of the side hall tall Windows lighting. The vault is topped by an integral steep roof, and the interior is a multi-column hall. Marburg
St. Elizabeth's Church
There are two tall towers in the west, which are relatively elegant in appearance and are representative of this kind of church.
Main Church of Ulm
Only a very high bell tower is built on the front of the church, and its bell tower is 161 meters high, controlling the entire building composition, which can be described as medieval
Church architecture
The wonder of... Brick churches are very popular in northern Europe, and there are many brick Gothic churches in northern Germany.
After the 15th century, German stone making skills reached a peak. The stone window mullions are skillfully carved and exquisite. Sometimes two layers of different patterns of stone cut window flowers overlapping each other, exquisite. The decorative pieces inside the building are also exquisite masterpieces.
Secular buildings of the Gothic period in Germany were mostly built of brick and stone. The double-pitched roof is very steep, and there are lofts, even multi-story lofts, and layers of Windows open on the roof and gables, and the walls are often picked out of light wooden Windows, balconies or niches, and the appearance is very distinctive.
Development history
Gothic architecture in Italy was introduced from abroad in the 12th century, mainly in the north. Italy did not really accept the structural system and modeling principles of Gothic architecture, only as a decorative style, so it is extremely difficult to find a "pure" Gothic church here.
Italian churches do not emphasize height and vertical sense, and there is no high bell tower on the front, but a screen-style gable composition. The roof is more gentle, the Windows are small, often a combination of pointed and semicircular, flying buttresses are very rare, and the carving and decoration are clearly in the Roman classical style.
The Main Church of Siena
The Main Church of Siena
Milan Cathedral
The most famous Gothic church in Italy, it is one of the largest churches of the Middle Ages in Europe, construction began in the 1480s and was not completed until the early 19th century. The interior of the church is divided by four rows of huge columns, 49 meters wide. The middle hall is about 45 meters high, and at the intersection of the transverse wing and the middle hall, it is more than 65 meters high, above which is an octagonal lighting pavilion. The middle hall is slightly higher than the side hall, and the side high window is very small. The interior is dark and the exterior of the building is made entirely of sparkling white marble. The high flowered Windows, the upright buttresses and the 135 minarets all show upward motion, and the statues on the top of the towers seem to be about to soar. The western facade is an Italian herringlets gable, also decorated with Gothic spires. But its doors and Windows already come with
Renaissance
Late style.
In addition, during this period, the secular architecture of Italian cities was very successful, especially in many wealthy urban republics, where many famous municipal buildings and mansions were built. The town hall is usually located in the city
Central square
Rough stone wall, serious and heavy; With a tall clock tower, the building is rich in composition and becomes the symbol of the square. Cities are usually built with many tall towers, and the general outline is very beautiful.
Venice has many masterpieces of secular architecture.
Piazza SAN Marco
The Palace of the Viceroy is recognized as one of the most beautiful works of medieval secular architecture. The facade adopts continuous Gothic pointed coupons and flame pattern coupons, with unique composition and bright colors.
Venice
There's a lot of gothic in there
colonnade
The mansion, standing on the water, is very elegant.
