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Qatar (Arabic: The State of Qatar, English: The State of Qatar), referred to as Qatar, the capital
Doha
, located in
The Persian Gulf
Southwest coast
Qatar Peninsula
Up. Belong to
Tropical desert climate
The country is low-lying and very rich in oil and natural gas resources. The total area is 11521 square kilometers, the coastline is 563 kilometers, there is no clear provincial administrative division, with some major cities as the center, the country is divided into 9 regions.
Up to
In December 2023, Qatar has a total population of 2.97 million,
[40]
Belong to
Arab nation
Islam is the state religion of Qatar, and most of its residents believe in Islam. Arabic is the official language, and English is also widely spoken.
[5]
In the 7th century, Qatar was
Arab Empire
Part of it. From 1517 to 1776, he was successively subjected to
Portugal
,
Netherlands
and
Britain
Rule. In 1846, Thani bin Mohammed founded the emirate of Qatar. It was incorporated in 1872
Ottoman Empire
The map. In 1882, the British invaded and declared the area a British "protectorate". In 1970, the first interim constitution established Qatar as an independent sovereign monarchy,
Islam
It is the state religion. On September 3, 1971, Qatar officially declared its independence.
[6]
Qatar's economic pillar industry is oil and gas and related petrochemical industry, is the world's largest liquefied natural gas production and exporter, oil and gas export income is large. The economic diversification strategy has been implemented, the economic growth prospects are stable, the business environment is increasingly perfect, it has modern infrastructure such as roads, subways, airports, ports and communications, social security is good, and the degree of marketization is high. Qatar is
The United Nations
,
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
,
League of Arab States
and
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
and
World Trade Organization
As a member of international organizations and regional organizations, a member of the World Gas Exporting Countries Forum and the headquarters of the Forum, Qatar's GDP in 2022 will be 237.995 billion US dollars, with per capita GDP of 81,800 US dollars.
[30]
- Chinese name
- The State of Qatar [1]
- Foreign name
-
The State of Qatar
[1]
The radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial - Abbreviated form
- Qatar
- continent
- Asia
- capital
- Doha [1]
- National Day
- December 18, 1878 [1]
- National song
- Hymn to Peace
- Country code
- QAT
- Official language
- Arabic [1]
- currency
- Qatari riyal [1]
- Time zone
- UTC+3
- Political system
- Absolute monarchy
- National leader
- Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (Emir)
- Population number
- 2.97 million [40] (December 2023)
- Population density
- 258.6 people/km2 (February 2023)
- Major nationality
- Arab
- Major religion
- Islam (Sunni)
- Land area
- 11521 km² [1]
- Total GDP
- $246.36 billion [40] (2023)
- Per capita GDP
- $84,900 (2023)
- International telephone area code
- 974
- International domain name abbreviation
- .qa
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- Leading institution
- Qatar University
- aerodrome
- Hamad International Airport
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪climate
- ▪Natural resources
- 3Administrative division
- ▪Zoning details
- ▪Major city
- 4National symbol
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- 5population
- 6political
- ▪regime
- ▪constitution
- ▪government
- ▪Consultative conference
- ▪Central municipal Council
- ▪judiciary
- ▪dignitaries
- 7economy
- ▪summarize
- ▪agriculture
- ▪industry
- ▪finance
- ▪currency
- ▪tourism
- ▪Real estate industry
- ▪foreign trade
- ▪Foreign investment
- ▪Foreign aid
- ▪Electronic commerce
in
Qatar Peninsula
The local people have maintained productive activities for thousands of years, but for most of the early period, it was only a short-term residence of nomadic tribes. Among them, the caliphs and Saoud tribes swept across the Arabian Peninsula (they later became Kings of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, respectively) and settled along the shoreline, fishing and pearl farming. These tribes fought for the advantage
oyster
The farms often fight with each other, so that the entire territory has been pieced together, and there has been no unified sovereignty.
In 1517,
Portugal
Invasion, 1555, was incorporated
Ottoman Empire
It was ruled by Turkey for over 200 years.
In 1846, Thani bin Mohammed founded the emirate of Qatar.
In 1867, the Caliph successfully landed his navy at Vokra and suppressed the rebels.
In 1882, the British invaded, and in 1916 forced the Qatari sheikhs to accept a servile treaty, and Qatar became British
Protectorate state
.
In 1968, after British officials announced that they would relinquish (political but not economic) control of the Persian Gulf within three years, Qatar joined Bahrain and seven other armistice states. But opposition within Qatar was strong, forcing Qatar to break away from this eventual development
United Arab Emirates
The alliance.
In 1971, Qatar officially became a sovereign and independent state at a founding ceremony.
[6]
On September 15, 2022 local time, Qatar's Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Khalid released the new emblem of the State of Qatar at the Qatar National Museum. The new national emblem is composed of four elements: Arabian sword, palm tree, sea and dhow, showing the traditional history and culture of Qatar.
[8]
On March 7, 2023, Qatar's Emir Tamim appointed former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammed as Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
[26]
Qatar is a peninsular country located in
The Persian Gulf
The middle of the west coast. Qatar is surrounded by the sea in the east, north and west, with a total coastline of 563 kilometers. Southern land and
Saudi Arabia
Border, land border about 87 km; The geographical location is 24°27 'to 26°10' north latitude; East longitude 50°45 'to 51°40', the land area of 11,521 square kilometers.
[6]
Qatar
The country of Qatar is low-lying, the highest elevation is only 103 meters, mostly desert or rocky Gobi, near the west coast of the terrain is slightly higher, from Zikrit to the south there is a large area of exposed limestone.
[6]
Topographic map of Qatar
Topographic map of Qatar
Qatar belongs to
Tropical desert climate
The whole year is divided into summer and winter. Summer from May to October, the weather is hot and humid, the temperature is generally 25~46 degrees Celsius, the highest can reach 50 degrees Celsius or more; Winter from November to April, the weather is cool and dry, the temperature is generally 10~30 degrees Celsius, the lowest is 7 degrees. The average annual rainfall is about 80 mm.
[6]
Qatar has a relatively simple variety of natural resources
petroleum
and
Natural gas
And related associated resources mainly. According to the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Qatar, Qatar has the third largest natural gas reserves in the world, second only to Russia and Iran. It is mainly concentrated in the northern gas field of Qatar, which is the largest single gas field in the world, its area is equivalent to half of Qatar's land area, and has proved reserves of more than 900 trillion cubic feet (about 25.49 trillion cubic meters), accounting for about 20% of the global share. According to the "BP Energy Statistical Review of World Energy" data show that Qatar crude oil reserves rank 14th in the world, proved reserves of about 25.2 billion barrels, accounting for about 1.5% of the global share. According to the United States Geological Survey, Qatar has 10.1 billion cubic meters of helium reserves, ranking second in the world, accounting for 19.4% of global reserves.
At the same time, Qatar is the world's largest exporter and second largest producer of helium.
[6]
Subdivisions of Qatar
Qatar has no clear provincial administrative divisions, and the country is divided into nine regions centered around the major cities. They are the municipalities of Northern City, Gouveriya, Khor, Jumailiyah, Umm Salal, Doha, Lai Yang, Vokra and Jeryan Batnai.
[6]
Overlooking Doha
Doha
Doha is the capital of Qatar, located in the middle of the east coast of the Qatar Peninsula, is the largest city of Qatar and the national political, economic, transportation and cultural center, one of the famous ports in the Persian Gulf,
Population 1.4 million
. There are many high-end hotels and business centers in the city, and deep water ports, desalination plants, power stations, international airports and residential areas in the suburbs. Corniche is one of the main boulevards in Doha city, about 8 kilometers long, is the main transportation line and the main place for public leisure and fitness, government agencies and modern buildings are built along the coastal avenue.
Doha Night view
Ras Laffan Industrial City
It is located in the northeast of Qatar, about 70 km from the capital Doha. There are not only supporting facilities such as natural gas liquefaction plant, gas to oil (GTL) plant, chemical plant and various pumping stations, pipelines and liquefied gas storage tanks, but also auxiliary facilities such as corporate office area, self-contained power plant, seawater desalination plant, liquefied gas (LNG) special terminal, bulk cargo terminal and dry dock, as well as life service facilities such as banks, department stores and workers' camps. In the process of development and construction, the industrial city attaches great importance to energy saving and environmental protection, and strives to build itself into a model of resource-saving and environment-friendly industry.
Dukhan
Located in the western part of the Qatar Peninsula, about 48 kilometers from the capital Doha, it is one of the important cities of Qatar. The Douhan field is Qatar's largest and oldest oil field. Durhan Beach has beautiful scenery and attracts a large number of tourists for sightseeing.
[12]
Flag of Qatar
Rectangular in shape, the ratio of length to width is 28:11. The left side is white, the right side is purple, and the connection between the two colors is jagged. It is a flag composed of two white chestnut colors, with a zigzag pattern between the two colors (a total of nine white teeth). Opened on 9 July 1971. White represents peace and maroon represents war in history. The nine jagged symbols represent the conservation treaty signed with Britain in 1916 (Qatar is the ninth country in the region to sign such a treaty).
Flag of Qatar
Flag of Qatar
Emblem of Qatar
It was opened in 1976. The national emblem adopted after independence is centered on a yellow circle. The two Arab machetes above, like a bronze wall of iron, can resist all foreign invasion and defend the independence and freedom of the motherland. Sheltered by a machete, a white Arabian sailboat sails across the vast blue waters of the Persian Gulf, a symbol of Qatar's growing maritime trade and fishing production. The brown land next to the sailboat is planted with two Arabian coconut trees, representing Qatar's rich natural resources. Below the emblem, surrounded by a circular ribbon with a flag design, the words "State of Qatar" are written in Arabic and English above and below.
Emblem of Qatar (1976-2022) [11]
Emblem of Qatar (1976-2022) [11]
On September 15, 2022,
Prime Ministers of Qatar
And Home Secretary
Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani
The new emblem of the State of Qatar was unveiled at the National Museum of Qatar. The new national emblem is composed of four elements: Arabian sword, palm tree, sea and dhow, showing the traditional history and culture of Qatar. The new National emblem has been put into use since this day, replacing the National emblem issued in 1976.
[10]
Emblem of Qatar (2022 -) [11]
Emblem of Qatar (2022 -) [11]
As of October 2023, Qatar has a population of 3.09 million, of which Qatari citizens make up about 15%. The foreigners are mainly from India, Pakistan and Southeast Asian countries.
[36]
From the perspective of nationality distribution, Qatari citizens account for about 15%, and the foreign population accounts for about 85%. The expatriate population is mainly from South and Southeast Asian countries such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal and the Philippines, as well as Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. The urban population accounted for 99.34% of the total population, while the rural population accounted for only 0.76%. Nearly 54% of the Qatari population is concentrated within the administrative region of the capital, Doha, and the neighboring administrative regions of Al-Rayyan, Al-Wakra, Al-Khor and Dhekra are also concentrated, with 25%, 12% and 8% of the population, respectively.
There are about 4,000 Chinese in Qatar, most of whom are engaged in construction projects, trade and other fields, and most of them work and live in Doha, the capital.
[6]
Qatar is a hereditary monarchy. The Emir is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, who holds the highest power in the country and is hereditary from the Al Thani family. No political parties are allowed.
[25]
[35]
The first constitution was promulgated in 1970 and stipulated that Qatar was an independent and sovereign state; Islam is the state religion; The Emir exercises power with the assistance of the Cabinet and the Shura Council. The interim Constitution was amended in 1972. In April 2003, Qatar adopted a permanent Constitution, which came into force on June 7, 2005.
[6]
[25]
[35]
According to the Constitution of Qatar, the Cabinet is the highest administrative body of the state, which is responsible for managing all internal and external affairs under the Constitution and laws, and formulating and implementing the general policy of the state. The Prime Minister is the Chief cabinet officer and head of government, appointed by the Emir; The composition of the Cabinet ministries is proposed by the Prime Minister and approved by the Emir; Members of the Cabinet are also appointed by the Emir on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The main economic departments are the Central Bank, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the National Tourism Commission, the Free Zone Management Committee, the General Administration of Taxation, the General Administration of Customs, etc.
[6]
The current cabinet was formed in March 2023 and has 19 members. The main members are: Mohamed binAbdulrahman al-Thani, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs; Khalid bin Mohammed al-Attiyah, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Defence Affairs; Interior minister khalifa bin hamad, agri (KhalifabinHamadbinKhalifaAl - Thani) to finance minister ali bin ahmed library in (AlibinAhmedAlKuwari), SaadbinSharida al-Kaabi, Minister of State for Energy Affairs, among others.
[25]
[29]
[34-35]
It was established in 1972 as a political advisory body to assist the Emir in exercising his ruling powers, with the power to review legislation and make policy recommendations to the Cabinet. It consists of 45 members, of whom 15 are appointed by the Emir and 30 are elected for four-year terms. The current president, Hassan Bin Abdulla Al-Ghanim, has been in office since October 2021.
[6]
[25]
[34]
The Central Municipal Council is a body elected by the people to perform the functions of reviewing and supervising proposals related to municipal construction. The Council, formerly known as the Municipal Council, was established in 1950 under the relevant provisions of Qatari Law No. 12 of 1998 and held the first nationwide elections to the Central Municipal Council in 1999. According to Law No. 12 of 1998, the 242 administrative divisions of the country are divided into 29 constituencies, each of which elects one member to form the Central Municipal Council, and the first plenary meeting of each elected member elects a chairman of the committee. In April 2019, Qatar held a nationwide election for a new council.
[6]
The Qatari constitution provides for an independent judiciary, which is governed by different types of courts and Sharia courts.
[6]
Emir and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces: Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. Born in 1980. He graduated from Sandhurst Military Academy in 1997. He was appointed Crown Prince in August 2003 and succeeded his father as the eighth Emir of Qatar on 25 June 2013. He is also a member of the International Olympic Committee.
[35]
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs: Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani. Born in 1980. Members of the Qatari royal family. He became Foreign Secretary in January 2016. He became Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in March 2023.
[5]
[29]
[35]
Doha West Gulf City Center
The oil and gas industry is the backbone of Qatar's economy. In recent years, the Qatari government has invested heavily in the development of natural gas, making it a top priority for economic development. While vigorously developing the energy industry, Qatar has also launched the "National Vision 2030" plan, the core of which is to develop Qatar into a sustainable development, with strong international competitiveness and a high standard of living by 2030.
Qatar became a member of the World Trade Organization in 1995.
Key economic data for 2023 are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product: $246.36 billion
GDP per capita: $84,900
GDP growth rate: 2.2%
Currency: Qatari Rial (Qatari Rial)
Exchange rate: 1 USD ≈3.64 Qatari riyals
[40]
According to the IMD World Competitiveness Report released by the Swiss Business School Lausanne on June 17, 2020, Qatar ranks 17th out of 64 major economies in the world. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2020, Qatar ranks 9th in the world in the use of information and communication technologies. In the World Bank's Doing Business 2020 Report, Qatar ranks 77th out of 190 countries for ease of doing business, with a score of 68.7, improving both the score and the ranking.
[5-6]
According to data from the Central Bank of Qatar, in 2020, Qatar's external debt balance is about 62.88 billion US dollars, an increase of about 8.98 billion US dollars from the end of last year.
[6]
On November 3, 2022, Moody's announced that it had revised Qatar's credit rating, raising its outlook from "stable" to "positive" and maintaining its credit rating of Aa3. On November 6, Standard & Poor's (S&P) upgraded Qatar's sovereign credit rating to AA, maintaining a "stable" outlook.
[19]
The International Monetary Fund expects Qatar's economy to grow by 3.4% in 2022 and remain economically dynamic for years to come. Qatar is expected to welcome around 6 million international tourists a year by 2030. Energy-rich Qatar, seeking to emulate the "dramatic" transformation of Gulf rivals Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, has spent at least $229 billion on infrastructure since winning the right to host the World Cup in 2010. In addition, Qatar is poised to become a new investment hub, having recently made its debut in a "Global Confidence Index" ranking at 24th place.
[16]
In 2022, Qatar became the world's largest LNG exporter with 80 million tons of LNG exports
[28]
.
Qatar is under the control of the subtropical high pressure zone and the trade wind zone all the year round, with high temperature and little rain, a tropical desert climate, and a serious shortage of water resources. Therefore, the development conditions of agriculture and animal husbandry are poor, and the output is less, resulting in Qatar's agricultural and animal husbandry products cannot be self-sufficient, and there is no natural arable land in the country. The total arable land area of the country is 28,000 hectares, and 7,000 hectares have been cultivated.
Grain, vegetables, meat mainly rely on imports, only fish, shrimp seafood production can basically meet the domestic demand.
In 2021, the high-tech agricultural technology of China's intelligent LED Plant factory helps Qatar's agricultural development, and the top of the farm greenhouse is equipped with various special light tubes to promote the photosynthesis of vegetables, which can regulate the color and light intensity of the light according to demand to cultivate green and purple vegetables. The shed is equipped with air conditioning, sensors and computers to control temperature, humidity, light and so on. The required machinery and equipment, seeds and cultivation technology are imported from China and EU countries respectively, among which all high-tech planting technology comes from China, and the farm will expand the production scale using China's high-tech agricultural technology. Vegetables produced using the above-mentioned Chinese technology have grown from two varieties of one kind of rape and one kind of lettuce three years ago to more than 30 varieties of high-priced varieties in the Qatari market, including six kinds of lettuce, four kinds of kale, five kinds of chili, cabbage, spinach, celery and so on.
[7]
Qatar's mainstay industry is oil and gas and its related petrochemical industry, which has long accounted for more than 50% of Qatar's GDP,
Mainly for the oil and gas sector, related industries and energy-intensive industries, including oil refineries, petrochemical plants, fertilizer plants, steel plants and cement plants, while also established a number of paper mills, detergent plants, pigment plants, food plants and plastic plants. In 2022, Qatar was the world's largest LNG exporter, exporting about 80 million tons of LNG that year. In 2023, Qatar will be the world's third largest LNG exporter (after the United States and Australia), exporting about 80 million tons of LNG that year.
[40]
In June 2022, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Qatar, the Qatar Development Bank and the World Economic Forum jointly launched the Qatar Advanced Manufacturing Center, a platform aimed at enhancing international collaboration and transforming Qatar into an advanced economic and industrial hub. The Qatar Centre for Advanced Manufacturing is one of 13 platforms launched by the World Economic Forum (WEF) worldwide to enhance international knowledge sharing and exchange of experience in the industrial sector to facilitate solutions to Labour, regulatory policy and environmental challenges. The establishment of the platform will provide more channels for Qatar to cooperate with the international manufacturing industry, accelerate the ecological development of manufacturing in the Gulf region, promote the shaping of the future of global manufacturing, and promote the establishment of inclusive and sustainable value chains.
[20]
Central bank
Central Bank of Qatar
(QCB).
Commercial bank
Qatar National Bank, The Commercial Bank, Doha Bank, Ahli Bank, International Bank of Qatar Qatar, Al Khaliji Commercial Bank, QatarInternational Islamic Bank, Qatar Islamic Bank There are ten commercial banks such as Bank, Masraf Al Rayan and Barwa Bank, the last four of which belong to Islamic Finance Banks.
Foreign bank
Standard Chartered Bank
(Standard Charterd), HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, ArabBank, Mashreq Bank, United Bank Seven foreign banks, including BankLimited, BNP Paribas and Bank Saderat Iran, enjoy banking licences issued by the Central Bank of Qatar.
There are more than 70 foreign banks (including Financial institutions) registered in the Qatar Financial Centre, and the scope of business, regulatory bodies and policy and legal systems of foreign commercial banks registered in the centre are different from those of the above seven foreign banks. Icbc and Bank of China in the card branch registered in Qatar Financial Center, do not operate private deposit and loan business.
Chinese bank
Icbc Doha Branch was officially established in October 2008, mainly engaged in corporate business. Bank of China Qatar Financial Center Branch was officially opened on December 13, 2017, mainly engaged in corporate deposits and loans, remittances, international settlement, trade finance, financial markets and other businesses.
[6]
Securities market
The Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE) is the only securities market in Qatar and was opened in 1997. As of June 30, 2021, the total number of listed companies is 48, and a small number of ETF funds and short-term Treasury bills, bonds, etc., are traded in the market, with a total market value of about $160.1 billion, and the index (QSEIndex) is 10746 points. To encourage foreign investment, the Qatar Exchange opened its doors to foreigners in April 2005, allowing anyone to open an account and trade shares through a brokerage with an ID card. However, foreigners can only participate in the secondary market and cannot enter the primary market.
As of June 2021, there are 48 listed companies on the Qatar Stock Exchange, including 13 banking and financial services companies, 10 industrial companies, 10 consumer goods companies, 6 insurance companies, 4 real estate companies, 3 transportation companies, and 2 telecommunications companies.
Insurance institution
The major local insurance companies in Qatar are Qatar Insurance Company (QIC), Qatar Islamic Insurance Company (QIIC) and Doha Insurance Company (DIC), whose business scope basically covers all insurance businesses.
Credit card use
It is common for Qatari locals to use credit cards to pay various fees and make purchases. Chinese credit cards labeled VISA and MASTER can be used in some local malls, as can China UnionPay cards.
[6]
The Qatari currency unit is the rial, which is freely convertible with the US dollar, Euro, British pound, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar at any Qatari bank and financial institution, and freely convertible with the other five Gulf countries, India and Pakistan. The Qatari riyal has a fixed exchange rate pegged to the US dollar, which has remained at 3.64 to the dollar.
Except for individual banks, RMB and riyal are not directly convertible in most financial institutions in Qatar. ATM machines of Qatar National Bank, Qatar Commercial Bank, Doha Bank and other institutions can use China UnionPay cards.
[6]
In 2021, Qatar spent about $16.5 billion on tourism for the whole year. The number of hotel rooms in Qatar in 2021 is approximately 37,085, an increase of 11,918 since 2016, with a compound annual growth rate of 10.1%, the fastest growth rate among the Gulf countries. By the end of 2021, Qatari hotel rooms accounted for 4.5% of the total number of hotels in the Gulf region. In 2021, Qatar's hotel occupancy rate was around 71%, ranking first among GCC countries. At the same time, Qatar is the only Gulf country that has experienced hotel revenue growth in recent years, from $67.8 per room in 2019 to $78.4 in 2021.
Benefit from holding
2022 World Cup in Qatar
The number of tourists to Qatar will increase by about 325.5% year-on-year, which will drive significant revenue growth in the hotel industry. Hotel occupancy is expected to reach a record 86 percent and revenue will reach $1.6 billion, an increase of approximately 59.8 percent year over year. After the World Cup, the sharply increased hotel supply will face downward pressure on occupancy rates. However, factors such as the enhanced image of hosting the World Cup, the development of important tourism infrastructure, the lifting of the epidemic control measures and the expected recovery of world tourism will support Qatar's tourism growth prospects. In addition to hosting the 2022 World Cup, Qatar is seeking to host a variety of business forums and conferences in an effort to establish itself as a business hub in the Gulf region.
As part of its national tourism development strategy, the government of Qatar recently launched a campaign targeting 17 tourist destinations and plans to invest $45 billion in tourism after the 2022 World Cup, aiming to double tourism's share of GDP over the next 16 years and increase it to 10 percent by 2030, attracting 6 million visitors a year.
[23]
The real estate sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Qatar and is a key sector in the implementation of Qatar's economic diversification strategy. In terms of attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), real estate has become the second largest industry after oil and gas. Between 2003 and 2021, the real estate sector attracted 11% of all FDI in Qatar, and the sector's share of GDP jumped from 5.5% in 2015 to 6.7% in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of over 3%. Between 2010 and 2020, the average annual growth rate of real estate supply is 6.9%.
In recent years, the Caracas government has intensified the reform of property ownership legislation, allowing foreign investors to buy real estate in the country, granting them permanent residency, and enjoying a number of benefits, including free medical care, education and participation in specific business activities and investment opportunities, forming an institutional environment conducive to attracting investment. In the future, driven by major events such as the World Cup, the Formula One World Championship, the World Swimming Championships and the Asian Games, and the growing migrant population, the real estate market is expected to continue to grow.
In September 2022, the government of Qatar approved the establishment of the Real Estate Regulatory Bureau to further strengthen industry supervision and policy incentives to promote the healthy development of Qatar's real estate industry.
[22]
Oil and gas export is the main source of Qatar's financial revenue, and its foreign trade has been in surplus for a long time, but Qatar's foreign exchange income is closely related to international oil and gas prices. According to the foreign trade data released by the Qatar government, in 2020, Qatar's total trade in goods was 77.34 billion US dollars, down 24.3% year-on-year, of which exports were 51.5 billion US dollars, down 29.4% year-on-year; The value of imports was US $25.83 billion, down 11.5% year on year; The trade surplus was $25.67 billion, down 41.3 percent year on year.
According to Qatar's official statistics, in 2020, the total bilateral trade in goods between China and Qatar will be 11.8 billion US dollars, accounting for 15.2% of the total trade in goods between Qatar and China, and China will remain Qatar's largest trading partner, followed by Japan (8.8 billion US dollars), India (8.7 billion US dollars), South Korea (6.9 billion US dollars) and the United States (5.4 billion US dollars). In terms of Qatari imports, the United States (US $4.1 billion) was the largest source of imports, followed by China (US $3.9 billion). In terms of Qatari exports, Japan ($8 billion) is the largest destination country, followed by China ($7.8 billion).
Qatar's main import and export commodity structure is stable, and exports are still dominated by oil and gas source mineral products and related chemical products.
The main export products include petroleum, liquefied natural gas, condensate, synthetic ammonia, urea, ethylene, etc. The main import products are machinery and transportation equipment, food, industrial raw materials and light industrial products, pharmaceuticals, etc. Major trading partners are the United States, Japan and Western European countries. Qatar's total foreign trade in 2023 is $129.2 billion, of which imports are $31.4 billion and exports are $97.8 billion.
[40]
Qatar's absorption of foreign investment has traditionally focused on upstream oil and gas development and petrochemical projects, for example, a total of 14 liquefied natural gas production lines have been built
Qatar Petroleum
(QP) Joint ventures with European and American multinational oil companies and Japanese and Korean companies. In the oil and gas chemical industry, a significant feature of Qatar's absorption of foreign investment is that almost all of Qatar's large oil and gas enterprises and industrial enterprises are controlled by the Qatari side.
According to UNCTAD's"
World Investment Report 2021
In 2020, Qatar will attract foreign investment flows of -2.434 billion US dollars. At the end of 2019, Qatar's foreign investment stock stood at $28.627 billion.
Technology companies such as Microsoft and Oracle have set up branches in the Qatar Science Park to focus on promoting Qatar's digital transformation, carrying out technical training and capacity building, but also conducting research and development of key Internet technologies such as online learning and cloud computing. Microsoft has set up a cloud computing regional center in Qatar as part of its global cloud computing infrastructure. In addition, Oracle, Google, General Electric, Volkswagen, Germany Ankang and other world famous companies have invested in Qatar, on the one hand using Qatar's special economic park as a fulcrum, the business radiation to the surrounding countries, on the one hand to undertake the relevant business of the Qatar government. For example, the German company Volkswagen has partnered with the government of Qatar to develop a green intelligent transportation system that uses autonomous driving technology while achieving zero emissions.
Chinese investment in Qatar
Bilateral investment between China and Qatar is not large on the whole but enjoys a sound momentum of development. According to the statistics of China's Ministry of Commerce, China's direct investment in Qatar in 2020 was 94.67 million US dollars, and by the end of 2020, China's direct investment stock in Qatar was 619 million US dollars.
Chinese companies such as China Railway Construction, Gezhouba, Sinohydro, China Harbor and Huawei are extensively involved in the construction of infrastructure projects in Qatar in the fields of 2022 FIFA World Cup stadiums, strategic reservoirs, Hamad Port, Free Zone and Rusair New City infrastructure, solar PV and communications.
[6]
Qatar is rich in oil and gas resources, its per capita GNP ranks among the top in the world, and its government finances are in good shape. It has not received any type of international aid in recent years, but has actively participated in aid to developing countries in Asia and Africa. The government of Qatar's main international aid agency is the Qatar Fund for Development, which is chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. In addition, ngos and institutions such as the Qatar Charity, the Qatar Foundation and the Education Above AllFoundation are also very active in international aid.
[6]
Qatar is an important digital marketing market in the Middle East, with more than 2 million Internet users covering the entire population, and is one of the most connected countries in the Middle East. In order to achieve the National Vision 2030 goal of building world-class infrastructure and services to provide a high quality of life to its people, Qatar has embarked on an ambitious ICT expansion programme since 2015, including the development of modern ICT infrastructure, e-government systems and cyber security. And create a digital environment conducive to the development of e-commerce mobile Internet transaction potential is huge, e-commerce activities are active.
Qatar still has some market potential in the online sales of household goods, furniture, electronics, health and beauty products, and there is a high potential for market markets, department stores and grocery retailers to leverage e-commerce platforms to increase revenue. Qatari sellers are constantly improving their sales and marketing strategies, building and updating online sales software and platforms to adapt to the new growth trend of changing consumer preferences and increasing demand for online purchases.
[24]
Arabic
English is the official language of Qatar and is widely spoken in the region. Hindi, Malay, Nepali, Filipino, Bengali, and Urdu are also spoken by the corresponding populations of the larger local populations. Employment contracts and business contracts are generally required to be available in Arabic and, in the case of a dispute, the relevant government judiciary requires Arabic language documents.
[6]
Islam is the state religion of Qatar, and the majority of the country's residents follow Islam, most of them belong to the Sunni Wahhabi sect, and Shiites account for about 10% of the country's population. Of the foreign residents, 77.5% believe in Islam, and the rest believe in Christianity, Catholicism and Buddhism.
[6]
[Name] Qatar is an emirate, and all the rulers of the Al Thani family are referred to as "sheikh" before their names (women call them "Sheikha"). The head of state is not called "King" but "Emir". Qataris usually address themselves as Mr, Ms and Miss.
[Etiquette] Qataris have the custom of hugging and kissing the face when they meet, and relatives and friends meet again or go far away, they will warmly embrace and kiss the cheek three times (only between the same sex). Foreign guests are generally welcomed by shaking hands when they meet for the first time, but some very traditional men (such as religious people) do not shake hands with women.
[Hospitality custom] When visiting a Qatari family or visiting institutions and enterprises, the host generally treats guests with Arabic coffee first. The coffee is filled with a special pot and a small cup, and the person who pours the coffee wears traditional national costume and holds only three to five cups in his hand. If there are many guests, it is generally used by the people in front, and then used by the people behind, and no longer cleaned. The amount of coffee poured each time is not large, only about 1/3 of the cup. If the guest does not want to drink any more after drinking, shake the cup left and right, otherwise the host will continue to add to the cup until the guest shakes the cup. However, with the passage of time, this habit is now less strict. If guests do not want to drink any more, they can also wave their hands.
[Dress] Qatari men wear traditional white robes and turbans (mostly white, but also red or black chequered turbans held down by black loops) in the workplace, public places and when hosting guests; Women wear black robes. Some women wore veils in public places, some covered their heads completely and some showed only their eyes.
[6]
Qatar has a strict ban on alcohol and the import and sale of pork. In addition, Muslims do not eat animals that are not slaughtered in the Islamic way, dead animals and their blood, nor do they eat strange or scaleless aquatic animals, and land animals that do not chew cud.
[6]
Qatar's state religion is Islam, alcohol and pork are banned, and talk about pigs is taboo. Women should avoid wearing overly revealing clothes in public, and men should avoid wearing tank tops and shorts. There should be no excessive intimacy between men and women in public. Please do not take photos of local government departments or military agencies, otherwise you may be detained. Do not take pictures of local people, especially women and children. If you need to take pictures, you must obtain their consent in advance. You must drink in a restaurant or bar that is licensed to sell alcohol, otherwise it is illegal and drink driving carries a heavy sentence.
[12]
Like other Arab countries, Qataris like to eat green salad, cheese and pickled olives, and the Middle Eastern specialty of hummus sauce is necessary for every meal. The main meals are cakes, barbecued meat and grilled fish. Qataris also love sweets, which are a must at every meal. Alcohol is strictly prohibited in public restaurants, but beer, wine and whiskey are available in some five-star hotels. Common drinks are black tea, coffee and milk. Black tea is usually sweetened. Coffee is usually flavored with cardamom, which is a bit bitter and refreshing.
[6]
Braised broad beans, Qatar's favorite breakfast dish, is made with broad beans, garlic and olive oil. Qataris' lunch and dinner are generally based on fresh vegetables and meat, and they like to add a lot of fragrant spices to various dishes.
The Qatari diet is based on rice, beef and mutton, seafood, and the special flavor of roasted whole sheep is generally used to entertain VIP guests, in addition, popular guests can also taste the sweet and delicious date rice, with dates, pine nuts and raisins fried rice, which is rare in other places, but also local cuisine. The Qatari government has established uniform health standards for the catering sector, and regular inspections are conducted, and the health situation is good.
[15]
Qataris like to spend their time in cafes, drinking coffee or tea, smoking a hookah and talking loudly. Some business talks also take place in cafes. In the traditional markets of the old Town of Doha, open-air traditional song and dance performances are often held in the evening, and the performers are all men. Qatari family concept is relatively strong, every weekend, family relatives get together, eat barbecue, drink coffee, enjoy family fun.
[6]
There are four major national public holidays in Qatar: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, which are Islamic religious holidays, National Day (December 18), and National Sports Day (the second Tuesday of February). The National Day holiday and the National Sports Day holiday are one day. Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha holidays range from 5 to 10 days. Every Friday and Saturday are national holidays, but most private sector work on Saturdays as usual. During Ramadan, the working day is shortened to five hours.
[6]
Eid al-Fitr
It is one of the major holidays in Islam. Together with Eid al-Adha, it is known as the two major festivals of Islam. A paraphrase of the Arabic word "Elder Fittur". In Persian, it is called "Ruzi Festival". Adult Muslim men and women in the Islamic calendar of September each year (commonly known as "Ramadan") fast for 1 month, from dawn to sunset every day, abstain from eating, sleeping and all improper behavior, in order to examine themselves and wash away SINS. According to Muhammad's injunctions on "Fasting at the new moon, fasting at the new moon", Ramadan begins every year in the Islamic calendar at the beginning of September when the new moon appears and ends in the beginning of October when the new moon is seen.
Id al-Adha
It is one of the major Islamic festivals, also known as Eid al-Adha. "Eid al-Adha" means "sacrifice" and "sacrifice", one of the main rituals of the Hajj, which takes place on December 10 of the Islamic calendar, the last day of the Hajj period. On that day, pilgrims are to slaughter animals. Financially well-off Muslims must kill their animals within three days of the 10th to 12th day of the Islamic calendar.
Qatar is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, which implements a unified defense policy. Implement a voluntary military service. The total strength of the armed forces is about 12,000, of which 30% are Qatari nationals.
[5]
[34]
Qatar has no railways and its major cities are connected by a modern road network. The main ports are Doha Port, Umm Said Port and Ras Laffan Port, the world's largest LNG export port.
[12]
[40]
The total length of highways in Qatar is about 9,830 kilometers, of which the total length of trunk roads is about 1,580 kilometers, and the total length of feeder roads of various grades is about 8,250 kilometers, forming a road network covering the whole country.
[6]
At present, there is no railway in Qatar, Qatar plans to build about 500 kilometers of railway as part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) rail network, the project has not yet started. The Qatar Railway network consists of three metro lines centered in Doha, which are operated and maintained by Qatar Railways.
[12]
In May 2019, the first phase of the metro project in Qatar, the Red Line (North-South, connecting Hamad International Airport), was put into operation, connecting 13 stations from AlQassar to AlWakra. The metro Red Line has 18 stations, with a total length of 40 kilometers, connecting Lusail in the north and AlWakra in the south. The metro is the first rail transit line in Qatar with a designed speed of 80 to 100 km/h.
In November 2019, the Green Line (east-west, 22km, connecting 11 stations) and the Gold Line (east-west, 14km, connecting 11 stations) were put into operation, and the first phase of the planned subway network has been formed.
[6]
Hamad International Airport
The main gateway and air hub of Qatar and one of the largest airports in the region, it is operated by Qatar Airways and opened in 2014 with routes to more than 160 destinations worldwide, with free shuttle services to the airport from most hotels in Doha City. The government of Qatar has invested heavily in its national airline and airport, with considerable results. Passengers flying with Qatar Airways can enjoy free city Tours and accommodation when transferring at Hamad Airport, as well as VIP transfers. Airline employees seamlessly guide passengers as they disembark.
On August 9, 2021, the International air transport rating organization Skytrax selected the "World's Best airport" list, Qatar Hamad International Airport (HIA) ranking rose to the top of the world, in addition to the "world's best airport" title, Hamad Airport has also won awards such as "Best Airport in the Middle East", "International Superclass Airport", "Best Airport with 25-35 million throughput", "Best Airport Staff in the Middle East" and "COVID-19 Airport Excellence".
[17]
It is the sixth busiest international airport in the world in 2021.
[18]
Hamad International Airport
Hamad International Airport
Airline company
Qatar Airways
Operating international routes have covered more than 160 destinations around the world, with direct flights to major cities in countries and regions around the world, with various types of passenger route aircraft 206, cargo route aircraft 28, as well as business executive charter flights 22, more than 46,000 employees worldwide. In 2020, about 32.4 million passengers flew on Qatar Airways passenger flights. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Qatar Airways operated seven direct routes to China, namely Doha-Beijing, Doha-Shanghai, Doha-Guangzhou, Doha-Chongqing, Doha-Chengdu, Doha-Hangzhou and Doha-Hong Kong.
[6]
Qatar's main ports are Hamad Port, Doha Port, Ras Laffan Port and Mesayed Port. Hamad Port, which began trial operation on December 1, 2016, is Qatar's main commercial port with an annual capacity of 2 million TEUs and a long-term planned annual capacity of 7.5 million TEUs. The port of Doha has been closed to commercial vessels since 2017 and has been converted into a cruise ship port. Ras Laffan Port is a dedicated port for Qatar's liquefied natural gas exports, while Mesayed Port is mainly used for Qatar's crude oil and petrochemical exports.
On September 5, 2017, Hamad Port was officially opened. Hamad Port is an important part of Qatar's "National Vision 2030" plan, and the opening of the port is of great significance for ensuring the supply of goods and materials in Qatar and promoting the diversified development of the economy. After completion, Hamad Port is the main port in the Gulf of the Middle East, covering an area of more than 28.5 square kilometers, the port pool is 4 kilometers long, 700 meters wide, the average water depth is 17 meters, and the design annual handling 7.5 million standard containers. The port has a special terminal for handling 1.7 million tons of bulk cargo, 1 million tons of grain, 500,000 vehicles and a special terminal for live poultry. Qatar Hamad Port total investment of 2 billion US dollars, the main project of the port - port pool and internal breakwater project by China Harbor Engineering Company.
[6]
The Doha Metro is the latest automated rail network in Qatar, covering the entire Doha metropolitan area and comprising three lines: the Red, Gold and Green Lines. The Doha metro network has been fully connected, which has greatly improved the convenience of public transport in the city, and the one-way ticket price of the subway is 2 Qatari riyals, which can be taken casually.
Many of Doha's main attractions are located near the metro line. The Red Line has 18 stations, connecting the Al Wakra area in the south and the Lusail area in the north, covering a total distance of 40 km, passing through the West Bay business district and the Doha Waterfront Road. The Golden Line has 11 stations, stretching from Ras Bu Abboud to Al Aziziyah, through the Old City, passing the Qatar National Museum, the Islamic Art Museum, the Waqif Market and other cultural and historical sites, known as the "historical Line". The Green Line has a total of 11 stations, extending from Al Mansoura to Al Riffa, passing Education City, National Library, Al Shaqab Equestrian Center, etc., known as the "Education Line". The airport line is connected to the Doha Metro Red Line and is directly accessible from downtown Doha to and from Hamad International Airport by metro.
In addition, Qatar offers visitors the Doha Bus, which connects them to Hamad International Airport and the main attractions in the city, including the Museum of Islamic Art, the National Museum, the Waqif Market, and the Cultural Village.
Although Qatar's public transport system is improving, most people still travel by car or taxi, and tourists can rent a car for travel. Qatari vehicles drive on the right, there are several turntables (roundabout) in Doha, and vehicles on the left side of the turntable must be allowed to go first when passing the turntable. There are electronic monitoring systems and mobile radar speed measurement equipment on several roads in Doha city, and severe penalties are given to those who violate traffic regulations. Suburban dunes and deserts, the terrain is more complex, easy to lose direction, vehicles are easy to fall into the dunes, should avoid driving alone into the desert.
[12]
The Qatari government attaches great importance to the development of education, implements free education, provides opportunities for excellent students to study abroad, and grants scholarships. There are 567 schools and more than 10 universities in the country. It has actively carried out foreign education cooperation, and eight American and Canadian universities have set up branches in Qatar. Qatar's 2021 budget, announced at the end of 2020, has a total expenditure of 194.7 billion riyals, of which 17.4 billion riyals is spent on education, accounting for 8.9% of the total budget expenditure.
According to data released by the Qatar Planning and Statistics Agency, Qatar's literacy rate reached 99% at the end of 2019, ranking ninth in the world. In the 2017-2018 academic year, there were more than 317,000 students enrolled in all types of basic education (pre-university), of whom 38% were enrolled in public schools and 62% in private schools. The Qatari government provides citizens with free access to public schools from primary school to high school, but international schools have to pay, and the price is high. The Qatari government implements the education card system, and Qatari nationals can be reimbursed according to the standard when studying in local international schools.
Qatar's higher education resources are mainly concentrated in the Qatar Education City project, which was officially put into use by the Qatar Foundation in 2003. The project brings together various education-related institutions such as universities, scientific research and development centers, and personnel training. The core of the campus is a large school complex with several universities. Except for two local universities, the rest are excellent universities directly imported from abroad. Among them, Virginia Commonwealth University, Cornell University, Texas A&M University, Carnegie Mellon University, Georgetown University and Northwestern University have set up branches and branch schools here. The largest university in Qatar is Qatar University, a public university, founded in 1973, with nearly 20,000 students in various majors. The largest private university is Hamad bin Ha Legislative University (HBUK), which was established within the Education City project and now has 2,834 students.
Modern public libraries have been established in Qatar. Qatar National Library covers an area of 45,000 square meters, has a rich collection of books, advanced hardware facilities, and implements electronic book management, which is an important cultural and educational facility in Qatar.
[6]
Qatar's fiscal year 2021 health budget of 16.5 billion Qatari riyals, accounting for 8.5% of the total state budget expenditure, per capita health budget expenditure of about $2,200. Qatari nationals enjoy free medical care, and if the country's public hospitals are unable to treat some difficult diseases, citizens can go abroad for treatment after a certificate issued by them, and the expenses incurred will be reimbursed by the Government of Qatar according to the relevant standards. Foreign residents in Qatar can also enjoy public health care, only pay 100 riyals per year for a medical card, each doctor only pay a small fee, medicine and hospital expenses are mostly borne by the government.
[6]
Qatar has public health institutions with nationwide coverage and highly specialized private clinics. Public hospitals and community clinics provide medical services to citizens of Qatar and foreign nationals who are permanent residents of Qatar. Holders of valid long-term residence visas can apply for a medical card and receive a range of medical subsidies by paying a medical insurance fee of 100 rials per year. Non-resident foreigners are not entitled to medical subsidies.
Hamad General Hospital (Hamad General Hospital) is a non-profit large-scale comprehensive medical institution founded by the government of Qatar, with a highly specialized medical team and advanced medical facilities, under the jurisdiction of five branches and various community clinics across the country. In keeping with the Qatari government's commitment to "health care for all", Hamad Hospital provides medical services to Qatari citizens and foreign nationals residing in Qatari, including: vaccination, immunization and quarantine services, infectious disease control, rehabilitation services and consultations in various medical departments. Emergency patients admitted to the emergency Department of Hamad Hospital may present their passport or other identification documents.
[12]
Qatar Media Corporation is the official broadcaster of Qatar. Qatar State Television, Qatar Radio, Qatar Radio (QBS), as well as a sports channel called Alkass, a religious radio station and three other language broadcasters are all operated by the company. The Qatar News Agency is the official news agency of Qatar, reporting mainly in Arabic and English, but also in Spanish and Portuguese.
Cable TV services are mainly provided by Ooredoo (formerly Qatar Telecommunications Company, referred to as Qtel), the company's business has been internationalized, covering most regions and countries in the Middle East, and listed in Dubai operations, can broadcast about 160 sets of international and regional major TV channels to users throughout the country, has been digitized and fiber optic network transmission. Qatar State Television has two programmes, one in Arabic and one in English.
Headquartered in Doha, Qatar
Al Jazeera
Is the Arab world, and even the world's most influential television media, the station not only has a current affairs news channel, but also sports, children and documentary channels; Not only broadcast Arabic programs, but also opened a special English international channel; Not only for the audience of Arab countries in the Middle East, but also through satellite transmission to most countries and regions in the world. Al Jazeera has an important influence in the Arab world, but it is also controversial. Since the "Gulf severed diplomatic relations" happened, Al Jazeera has been boycotted by some Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt.
Radio Qatar broadcasts in Urdu as well as Arabic; There is also an English FM channel, FM97.5, which broadcasts news and entertainment programs in English at different times of the day. Qatar also has an independent radio station, The Sound of the Gulf, which broadcasts entertainment and sports news.
[Newspapers] The newspapers with large circulation in Qatar are mainly four Arabic dailies: The Banner, The Orient, the Fatherland and the Arab; 3 English-language dailies: Al Jazeera, Gulf Times and Qatar Tribune.
Qatari government departments have their own websites, most of which are available in both Arabic and English versions. Most Qatari newspapers have online editions that are updated at the same time as the print media.
The Doha Centre for Free Media promotes the principles of freedom, integrity, independence, accountability and transparency, strengthening international ties through mutual respect and constructive dialogue to achieve the goal of media freedom. The center has a cooperation agreement with Reporters Without Borders. Major Qatari media are generally friendly to China, reporting positively on the Belt and Road cooperation and China's participation in international anti-epidemic cooperation, and quoting or republishing the views of industry experts or Western media on hot international political and economic issues.
[6]
Qatar has good communication facilities, Internet coverage of 99.6%, is the first country in the world to start 5G commercial services, advanced technology and equipment, a high degree of information technology, OOREDOO and VODAFONE two major operators share the communication service market, OOREDOO market share is higher than VODAFONE. Qatar Post Office basically covers the whole country; There were 3.95 million registered users of mobile phones, 450,000 registered users of fixed-line phones and 268,000 registered users of wired broadband.
The government of Qatar attaches great importance to the development of high-end information and communication technologies represented by 5G. In early 2019, two operators, Qatar Ooredoo and Vodafone, were awarded 5G spectrum licenses. The Qatari communications regulator CRA has allocated the corresponding frequency band resources for the two operators to be used for the commercial deployment of 5G services. Both operators said they are committed to 5G network deployment in densely populated areas, major roads and highways, as well as venues for events related to the 2022 World Cup. Both Ooredoo and Vodafone have worked extensively with Chinese telecom equipment companies such as Huawei and ZTE.
[6]
[Armed groups] There are no anti-government armed groups in Qatar. The government does not allow private ownership of guns.
Social security: Qatar's social security is good, and the criminal case rate is low. With the development of major projects, the migrant population has grown rapidly, with the population approaching 2.65 million, the ratio of migrant population to local population approaching 9:1, and the gender ratio of migrant population is seriously unbalanced, with males accounting for more than 80%, leading to an increase in social security risks. According to NUMBEO's Crime Index 2021, Qatar has a crime index of 12.29 and a safety index of 87.71, ranking 135th out of 135 countries (the lower the ranking, the better the social security situation), making it the safest of the participating countries and regions.
[6]
Qatar Hydropower Corporation (Kahramaa) is responsible for the production, distribution and sale of hydropower in Qatar. According to the company's data, in 2019, Qatar produced 671 million cubic meters of water for the whole year, an increase of 5.4% from 2018, with the exception of 350,000 cubic meters of well water, all of which was desalinated seawater. Desalination capacity is 455 million gallons per day (2.07 million cubic meters). In terms of water storage and supply, the Government of Qatar has invested in the Water Security Superreservoir Project, which consists of five giant reservoirs connected by a pipeline network, each consisting of nine tanks.
Qatar generates almost all of its electricity from natural gas thermal power stations, generating 49.8 billion kilowatt-hours (49,873GWh) in 2019, an increase of 41% over 2018. According to the development plan of the Qatar government, the installed power generation capacity of the country has increased to 13.1GW by 2018. In order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and implement the diversified economic development strategy, Qatar is also actively exploring the construction of photovoltaic power generation projects, and strive to achieve the goal of 20% of the total power generation from renewable energy by 2030. At the end of 2018, there were 376,636 registered users of electricity meters and 329,832 registered users of water meters.
[6]
Qatar has one of the highest costs of living globally, according to sites like numbeo and expatistan, ranking 15th out of 84 countries sampled and second in the Middle East, according to expatistan; According to numbeo, the capital Doha ranked 177th out of a sample of 492 cities worldwide; According to the data of the two websites, the monthly living expenses of a family of four in Qatar are more than 11,000 riyals, excluding housing expenses. Living single in Qatar with monthly living expenses of more than 3,000 riyals, excluding housing expenses.
[6]
Qatar scored 5.5 on the 2021 National Entrepreneurship Environment Index (NECI), ranking ninth out of 50 countries worldwide and third in the Middle East and North Africa region, Qatar's Al Jazeera newspaper reported recently, citing the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's (GEM) 202/2022 annual report. According to the report, Qatar ranks among the top countries for entrepreneurs because of its strong policy and business development environment, and is well ahead of a number of developed countries, including the United States, France, Germany, Japan, Canada and the United Kingdom. Qatar has one of the highest levels of new job expectations, with at least one in 10 adults in the country starting or running an entrepreneurial project and hoping to hire at least six employees within five years. More than 73 percent of respondents believe there are more opportunities to start a business in Qatar, up 1 percent from 2020, and around 71 percent say they have the skills, knowledge and experience to start a business, up 3 percent from 2020.
[21]
Qatar has a small population and strong demand for labor. Ninety-six percent of the country's employed population works in government or state-owned enterprises, so it needs a lot of foreign talent and ordinary labor. Senior talents mainly come from Europe and the United States; Mid-level talents mainly come from other Arab countries, India and Pakistan. General labor is mainly from Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Qatar introduced a statutory minimum wage of 1,000 riyals per month (exchange rate: US $1 =3.64 riyals) in August 2020 in the form of a sectoral regulation, with additional wages of 500 and 300 riyals to be paid if the employer is unable to provide accommodation and meals. The monthly salary of ordinary foreign workers is generally between 1,200 and 2,000 rials; Skilled workers generally earn more than 2,500 rials. According to the labor Force survey published by the government of Qatar, the average monthly salary for working in Qatar is 11,351 riyals.
[6]
According to the International Social Security Association, Qatar's pension insurance is 5% of gross income for individuals and 10% for employers, including government units. Men retire at the age of 60, women retire at the age of 55, and they can receive pensions if they have paid for 15 consecutive years. The minimum pension is 75% of the salary and the maximum is 100% of the salary.
[6]
On October 17, 2022 Beijing time, the AFC Executive Committee meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur. After a vote, the Asian Football Confederation has decided that Qatar will be the host country of the 2023 Asian Cup.
[9]
On November 20, 2022,
2022 World Cup in Qatar
This is the first World Cup to be held in Asia since the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup and the first World Cup in the Middle East.
[13]
After successfully bidding for the World Cup in 2010, Qatar had been waiting for this moment for 12 years. In those 12 years, the Qataris have never stopped - stadiums rising from the desert, wide highways expanding the radius of the city, photovoltaic farms being built for the first "zero Carbon World Cup", Hamad International Airport has never been busier, fans from all over the world are arriving and more are on the way, the Gulf nation of just over 2 million people, More than a million fans are expected to visit. Fans from all over the world gather here not only to shout for the teams they support, but also to create sparks of civilization in the collision and integration of different cultures under the same fireworks.
[14]
"For us, hosting the World Cup is about soft power, not money, making citizens proud and improving the country's image on the international stage," said a columnist for the Qatar-based Al Jazeera website. Qatar officials believe that hosting the World Cup has improved the country's infrastructure, which can attract more foreign investment and international tourists in the future, and promote the development of the national strategy - "National Vision 2030".
[16]
Qatar World Cup logo
Qatar World Cup logo
China pursues a positive and pragmatic foreign policy and has established diplomatic relations with more than 130 countries. We attach importance to developing relations with the United States and other Western countries, while strengthening relations with China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and other Asian countries. It is a member of regional and international organizations such as the Gulf Cooperation Council, the League of Arab States, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the United Nations, as well as the headquarters of the World Gas Exporting Countries Forum, and the host country of the 2022 World Cup Football Tournament and the 2030 Asian Games. In May 2014, Qatar became a member of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). In September 2021, Qatar became a dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
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Relations with the United States
Qatar has close relations with the United States, and maintaining and developing relations with the United States is an important pillar of its foreign relations. After the end of the Iraq War, Qamir visited the United States to coordinate with the United States to rebuild its position after the Iraq War. In return for Qamir's support for the Iraq War,
George Walker Bush
In June 2003, he became the first U.S. president to visit the United States. The two countries have close military cooperation. The two countries renewed the 1992 defense agreement, 7,000 U.S. troops stationed in Qatar, the U.S. Central Command has been moved from the mainland to Ka, and the Udeid base has become one of the largest U.S. military bases overseas. The United States has invested $10 billion in Qatar. In January 2006, Qatari Armed forces Chief of staff Attiyah visited the United States; In March, US Assistant Secretary of State Philip visited China. In August, the US Attorney General and Attorney General Gonzales visited the card.
On January 31, 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden promised Qatar's Emir Tamim that he intends to affirm Qatar as a "major non-NATO ally" of the United States.
[3]
In March 2022, the United States granted Qatar "non-NATO" major ally status.
[4]
Relations with France
The relationship between France and France is friendly. In January and March 2006, Khaemir Hamad visited France twice, with the French president
Chirac
They exchanged views on bilateral relations and international and regional issues. April, Prime Minister Ka
Abdullah
Visit the law. In June, French Foreign Minister Doust Bracchi visited France.
On February 11, 2019, Qatar and France signed an agreement of intent for a strategic dialogue in Doha, Qatar.
[2]
On June 5, 2017, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain announced the severing of diplomatic relations with Qatar on the grounds of supporting terrorism and interfering in internal affairs. In January 2021, the GCC summit was held in Eula, Saudi Arabia, and the six GCC countries and Egypt jointly issued the Eula Declaration. In the same month, Saudi Arabia and Egypt restored diplomatic ties with Qatar and fully resumed contacts. In April and June 2023, Bahrain and the UAE restored diplomatic relations with Qatar.
[5]
[29]
[33]
[35]
On 12 April 2023, at a meeting of the delegations of Bahrain and Qatar at the Secretariat of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the two sides decided, in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, mutual equality and respect for sovereignty and independence, The official resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries with the goal of developing bilateral relations and maintaining unity within the GCC.
[27]
Relations with Iran
On January 31, 2024, Iran announced a unilateral visa waiver for Qatar
37 - [38]
.
Relations with the UAE
On June 19, 2023 local time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Qatar announced that the Embassy of Qatar in the United Arab Emirates in ABU Dhabi, the Consulate in Dubai and the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Doha, the capital of Qatar, have reopened and resumed work.
[32]
Relations with India
On the evening of February 14, 2024, local time, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Doha, the capital of Qatar, for a two-day visit. This is Modi's second visit to Qatar after 2016.
[39]
Iraq issue
We stand for safeguarding the national unity and territorial integrity of Iraq, welcome the holding of elections and other political processes in Iraq, and hope that Iraq can achieve national security and stability at an early date. Announced the cancellation of most of Iraq's debt.
On the evening of June 15, 2023 local time, during the visit of Qatari Emir Tamim to Iraq, the governments of Iraq and Qatar officially signed a joint Declaration of Intent and several memorandums of understanding in the field of trade and energy. On the evening of the 15th, Iraqi Prime Minister Soudani and Tamim led representatives of the two countries to hold expanded talks on the signing of cooperation documents in the fields of energy, transportation, investment and information security. According to a statement by the media office of the Iraqi Prime Minister, Iraq will strengthen political and security consultations with Qatar, and plans to form a special team to follow up joint projects with Qatar, aimed at improving the level of economic and investment cooperation with Qatar in energy and other fields. At the meeting, Soudani revealed that Iraq will host a "conference on Economic integration and regional stability" at the end of this year, reaffirming the establishment of "a successful economy" among Arab countries and countries in the region. According to the memorandum of understanding signed on the same day, Iraq and Qatar plan to remove the entry visa requirements for diplomatic passport holders.
[31]
Middle East peace process
Support for the Middle East peace process. He believes that the core of the Middle East issue is the Palestinian issue and supports the establishment of independence with Jerusalem as its capital
Palestinian state
We stand for a political settlement of the Arab-Israeli dispute on the basis of relevant Security Council resolutions, the Madrid Peace Conference and the principle of "land for peace". We call on the international community, especially the United States and the Quartet Committee, to continue their efforts to promote the Middle East peace process. Qatar offered $11 million in aid to Pakistan at the London Conference in March 2005 and $50 million to the PA in April 2006.
Anti-terrorism issue
While rejecting all forms of terrorism, Qatar stressed that terrorism should be distinguished from Arabs and Islam, that any military strikes should avoid harming the innocent, and that the just struggle of the Palestinian people must not be confused with terrorism.
On July 9, 1988, China and Qatar established diplomatic relations. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, China-Qatar relations have been developing smoothly, bilateral practical cooperation in various fields has been continuously promoted, and the two countries have maintained sound communication and coordination in international and regional affairs. During the state visit of Qatari Emir Tamim to China in November 2014, the two sides issued a joint statement announcing the establishment of strategic partnership.
In November 2014
Emir of Qatar
During his state visit to China, the two sides signed an intergovernmental memorandum of Understanding on jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative.
Bilateral economic and trade cooperation is fruitful. China has become Qatar's largest trading partner since 2020. In 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Qatar reached US $26.55 billion, of which China's export value was US $3.99 billion and its import value was US $22.56 billion. In 2023, the bilateral trade volume between China and Qatar is 24.533 billion U.S. dollars, of which China's exports are 3.636 billion U.S. dollars and imports are 20.897 billion U.S. dollars. We mainly export mechanical and electrical equipment, mainly import liquefied natural gas, industrial helium and so on.
Qatar is an important natural gas partner of China. Qatar has long been China's second largest supplier of liquefied natural gas. In 2022, China imported 15.726 million tons of liquefied natural gas from Qatar. In 2023, China imported 16.661,000 tons of liquefied natural gas from Qatar.
During the state visit of the Emir of Qatar to China in November 2014, China and Qatar signed an inter-governmental memorandum of Understanding on jointly building the Belt and Road.
In 2014, China and Qatar signed a currency swap agreement, which will be renewed in 2021.
Cultural and people-to-people exchanges between the two countries have been carried out smoothly. In 2016, the "China-Qatar Cultural Year" was held in Qatar. In recent years, Chinese art troupes have performed in Qatar many times, which have been well received by the local people. From April to June 2018, "Treasure from the Heart - Qatar's Al Thani Collection" exhibition was held at the Palace Museum. China and Qatar have carried out the first giant panda cooperation in the Middle East. In October 2022, giant pandas "Jingjing" and "Sihai" arrived in Qatar, and the giant panda House opened in November.
In 2005, Qatar became an overseas tourist destination for Chinese citizens. In May 2018, Chinese tourists' group Tours to Qatar were officially launched. In July, China and Qatar signed a comprehensive visa exemption agreement.
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Qatar National Museum
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Palm island
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Doha Waterfront Road
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Pearl Island, Qatar
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Doha National Mosque
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Katara Cultural Village
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Nouvelle de Lussel
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