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Zurich (E: Zurich; De: Zurich), located
Swiss confederation
North central, yes
Switzerland
The largest city and the most important commercial and industrial city,
Canton of Zurich
It is the country's political, economic, cultural and transport centre and the richest city in Europe. The city has been used for many years
UN-Habitat
Ranked as one of the world's most livable cities.
[1]
[18]
Zurich has a population of 420,200 (2019),
[17]
It has an area of 91 square kilometers.
[18]
Urban quilt
Limmat
Divided into east and west sides. The west bank is Zurich's old town, while the east bank is Zurich's new town.
[2]
Zurich is important in Europe
Cultural center
It appeared in 1916
dadaism
Originated in Zurich,
International Football Federation
Its headquarters are also located here.
Zurich is
Banking in Switzerland
The representative city is also the largest in the world
Financial center
One of them. Because it is home to more than 120 global banks, more than half of which are foreign banks, it is also known as the "billionaire city of Europe".
Union Bank of Switzerland
,
Credit Suisse
,
Zurich Financial Services Group
And much of Europe
Private bank
Its headquarters are located in Zurich. Swiss banking is highly efficient and highly confidential, making Zurich one of the world's leading cities
Offshore banking
Financial accounts account for about a quarter of the economic activity of the city of Zurich.
Swiss stock exchange
Its headquarters are located in Zurich.
[3]
- Chinese name
- Zurich
- Foreign name
-
Zurich
(English)
Zürich (German) - alias
- Zurich
- Administrative category
- The capital
- Subordinate region
- Western Europe Switzerland
- Geographical position
-
Alps
north
Lake Zurich Northwest extremity
- Area product
- 91 km² [18]
- Climatic condition
- Temperate maritime climate
- Population number
- 420,200 (2019)
- Famous scenic spot
- Bahnhofstrasse , Swiss National Museum , Women's cathedral
- aerodrome
- Zurich International Airport
- Railway station
- Zurich Central Railway Station
- prescription
- German
- reputation
- Europe's billionaire city
- Prestigious university
- Eth Zurich , University of Zurich
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Administrative division
- 3Geographical environment
- ▪Location boundary
- ▪landform
- ▪climate
- ▪hydrology
- 4Natural resources
- ▪Water resources
- ▪Plant resources
- ▪Animal resources
- ▪Mineral resources
- 5Population nationality
- 6political
- 7economy
- ▪summarize
- ▪Primary industry
- ▪Secondary industry
- ▪Tertiary industry
- 8Social undertaking
Zurich
From the middle of the 1st century,
Roman
He ruled the area and built forts and checkpoints on the Lindenhof Hill, then known as Turicum. In the 5th century, the Alamanni replaced the Romans as owners of the land. In the 8th century,
Germany
Charlemagne
The construction of Zurich began in earnest, and one of the city's main buildings
Gros Cathedral
Could be from this one
Germany
In the emperor's hands.
In 853 AD,
Charlemagne
His grandson Ludwig the German, who rivaled his ancestor, in
Gros Cathedral
Another was built across the river from Limmat
Church of Our Lady
It was soon rebuilt by his daughter Hildegarde
cloister
.
In the Middle Ages, Zurich, like most European cities, was plagued by ethnic harassment, and there were many sad stories, and there is a carved fountain on the Lindenhof Hill to commemorate one of the legends. In 1218, Zurich became
German Empire
One of the royal cities; In 1336, the Zurich Council passed the Law of Economic Guilds under the chairmanship of Rudolf Brun. In 1351, he joined
Swiss confederation
It became the fifth Canton of the Swiss Confederation and began a relatively stable and rapid development. In 1440, he was expelled from the Swiss Confederation due to land disputes with other cantons, which led to war. Defeated in the Civil War in 1446; It was readmitted to the Swiss Confederation in 1450.
The 16th century, in
reformation
At the time of the wave, Zurich began a glorious era in which culture and economy went hand in hand. 18th-century
French Revolution
Has brought considerable ideological impact for this time, and the formation of social and political chaos; However, Zurich soon found its own direction and moved rapidly towards modernization, eventually becoming one of the most important and vibrant chemical and industrial cities in Europe.
In the 1850s, the first Swiss connection was made between Zurich and
Baden
The railway of Zurich was born, which made the textile industry and machinery industry increasingly developed, thus laying the foundation of the financial industry, thus becoming the largest financial center in Switzerland.
[4]
Zurich
Subdivisions of Zurich
The first district, also known as the Atstadt District, is located to the east of the Limmat River and consists of four districts: the Old Town, Hoxchulin, Russ and Lindenhof.
The second district, also known as the Kreis District, is located on the western shore of Lake Zurich and consists of the three districts of Ingue, Hollis and Rembach.
The third district, also known as the Widikon District, is located between Reina and Stryberg and consists of the three districts of Otvidaken, Schefflegg and Fettesenberg.
The fourth district, also known as Aussersihi, is located between Scher and Habernahof and consists of the districts of Wolde, Langstein and Hade.
The fifth district, also known as the Industriequartier District, is located between the Limmat River and Habernahov and includes the districts of Gwabox and Iscreville.
The sixth district, also known as the Witilkon District, is located between the Berg and Lindenhof Mountains and includes the districts of Kerertavas and Antstal.
The seventh district, also known as the Adlisberg District, is located between Starnhill and Boledams and consists of the three districts of Fleittern, Huntgern and Hellander.
The eighth district, also known as the Riesbach District, is located on the eastern side of Lake Zurich and includes the three districts of Sfrid, Mkhrebat and Warnger.
The ninth district, also known as Twiedkon, is located between the Limmat River and Entelix and includes the districts of Albisridon and Kreis.
The tenth district, also known as the Wipkingen District, is located between Hogburg and Kaverburg and consists of the three districts of Avertern, Gleitkasen and Spock.
The 11th Arrondissement, also known as the Schwunkingen Arrondissement, is located between Kreisberg and Goteva and includes the districts of Hontes and Caferntel.
The 12th Arrondissement, also known as Hirzenbach, is located between Korist and Valer and includes the three arrondissements of Sartrion, Mattes and Hernbacus.
Zurich is located in
Alps
To the north,
Lake Zurich
The southwest end of
Limmat
with
Lake Zurich
The estuary of the river. The coordinates of the city center are 47°22 'north latitude, 8°32' east longitude. The geographical center of the city is the Lindenhof Hill, which is a small hill leaning on
Limmat
On the west coast,
Lake Zurich
To the north. The old town is bounded by the Schanzengraben Canal and the new town by the Schanzengraben Canal
Brugger
Small town. The urban area of Zurich is 91.9 square kilometers. Of which, there is an area of 4.1 square kilometers
Lake Zurich
Occupy.
Zurich
With an average elevation of 556 meters, Zurich is relatively flat and has numerous rivers and lakes. Zurich's lowest geographical point is at Oberengstringen, about 392 m (1,286 ft) above sea level. The Lindenhof Hill in the Old town is the highest point in Zurich at about 700 meters (2,300 feet) above sea level.
[5]
The average high temperature in Zurich in July is about 24.0 ° C and the average low temperature is about 14 ° C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Zurich was 37.7 ° C (July 1947), with the warmest average temperature reaching 32.2 ° C.
[6]
The highest temperature in Zurich in spring and summer is generally not more than 25 ° C, and the autumn and winter are mostly rainy and the temperature is low.
[6]
|
month
|
Jan.
|
February
|
March
|
April
|
May
|
June
|
July
|
August
|
September
|
Oct.
|
November
|
December
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum daily temperature (℃)
|
2
|
4
|
8
|
13
|
17
|
20
|
23
|
22
|
19
|
13
|
7
|
3
|
|
Average daily minimum temperature (℃)
|
- 3
|
2 -
|
1
|
4
|
8
|
11
|
13
|
12
|
10
|
6
|
1
|
2 -
|
|
Average precipitation Total (mm)
|
67
|
70
|
69
|
87
|
103
|
124
|
117
|
133
|
92
|
69
|
82
|
73
|
|
Average precipitation days (days)
|
11
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
11
|
12
|
8
|
8
|
10
|
10
|
|
season
|
springtime
|
summertime
|
autumn
|
wintertime
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum daily temperature (℃)
|
8
|
20
|
18
|
4
|
|
Average daily minimum temperature (℃)
|
1
|
10
|
10
|
- 1
|
|
Average precipitation Total (mm)
|
75
|
115
|
98
|
74
|
|
Average precipitation days (days)
|
11
|
12
|
9
|
10
|
The Limmat River is one of the main rivers of Zurich, which divides the city into the new and old districts. The Limmat River flows from the northern end of Lake Zurich, then flows through the center of Zurich, and then flows northwest for about 35 kilometers to the Aller River. The mouth of the Limmat River is located north of the town of Brugge, away from
Reuss
The mouth of the river is not far.
[7]
Zurich's rivers and lakes cover an area of 4.1 square kilometers, which is 4.8% of the total area of Zurich. The water resources are abundant, and the utilization rate is 95%. Zurich has about 8% of Switzerland's total freshwater resources.
The city center of Zurich is filled with well-manicured gardens and surrounded by large forests, which are known as the "green lungs of the city." The city's green lungs include large forest areas such as Adlisberg, Zurichberg, Kaferberg, Honggerberg and Uetliberg. About 26.5% of the area of Zurich is covered by green vegetation such as flowers and trees.
There are many wild animals in Zurich, mainly
The deer
,
Boar
,
argali
,
fox
,
badger
,
Hare
and
beaver
Let's wait.
Zurich's mineral resources are relatively scarce, only a small amount
Salt mine
,
colliery
,
Iron mine
and
Manganese ore
Let's wait.
Zurich has a population of 420,200 (2019).
[17]
Among registered residents of Zurich, approximately 32% of the city's population does not hold Swiss citizenship. Germans are the largest ethnic group in Zurich, accounting for about 8.1% of the city's population, Italians are the second largest ethnic group in Zurich, accounting for about 3.5% of the city's population, while Portuguese are the third largest ethnic group in Zurich, accounting for about 2.0% of the city's population, followed by Spanish, accounting for about 1.5%; Austrians, about 1.2%; The French, about 1.0%; Serbs, about 0.9%; Britons, about 0.8 per cent; Turks, at about 0.8 per cent, and finally the smallest ethnic group, Kosovars, at about 0.6 per cent.
|
nationality
|
Germany
|
Italy
|
Portugal
|
Spain
|
Austria
|
France
|
Serbia
|
Britain
|
Türkiye
|
Kosovo
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
quantity
|
33548
|
14543
|
8274
|
6207
|
4809
|
4244
|
3597
|
3483
|
3402
|
2437
|
|
Take up a proportion of
|
8.1%
|
3.5%
|
2.0%
|
1.5%
|
1.2%
|
1.0%
|
0.9%
|
0.8%
|
0.8%
|
0.6%
|
According to a 2016 survey report, about 8.8% of the population of Zurich use it
English
About 7.1% of the population uses it
Italian
About 4.5% of the population uses it
French
About 3.9% of the population uses it
Spanish
About 3.1% of the population uses it
Portuguese
About 2.3% of the population uses it
Albanian
. (In addition, about 20% of the population speaks two or more languages.)
The City Council of Zurich forms the executive government of the city of Zurich and operates as a college authority. The Zurich City Council consists of nine councillors, each of whom presides over a department. The main task of the municipal Council is to implement departmental plans and coordinate departmental measures.
The municipal council is elected by a legal vote of any resident every four years. The mayor is publicly elected by the Council, while the heads of other departments are appointed by councillors. Any resident of Zurich who is elected can be elected to the City Council.
The Zurich Parliament is made up of nine parties: two democratic parties, two liberal parties, one green party, one social party, one Christian party, one left party and one Left party.
|
State councilor for cities
|
section
|
Election time
|
|---|---|---|
|
Colin
|
manage
|
The year 2009
|
|
Daniel
|
FINANCE
|
The year 2010
|
|
Wolf
|
Public security
|
The year 2013
|
|
Claudia
|
health
|
The year 2010
|
|
Inzaghi
|
environment
|
The year 2014
|
|
Andre
|
ENGINEERING
|
The year 2010
|
|
Anders
|
industry
|
The year 2002
|
|
Cindy
|
education
|
The year 2006
|
|
Raphael
|
society
|
The year 2014
|
The city Council of Zurich has legislative power. It consists of 125 members who are elected every four years. The ordinances and bylaws of the Municipal Council are enforced by the municipal Government. Meetings of the Municipal Council are generally held in public. Residents of Zurich can be elected to the city Council.
The economy of Zurich is dominated by the tertiary industry, and the financial industry is very developed, especially the banking industry. In addition, industry and manufacturing are important pillars of Zurich's economy.
In 2022, it ranks 20th in the International Science and Technology Innovation Center Index.
[20]
Zurich exports wheat, oats, potatoes and sugar beets.
[3]
Industry is the main body of Zurich's economy, the main sectors of industry are: watches, machinery, chemicals and food. In addition, the machinery manufacturing industry also occupies a dominant position in the economy of Zurich, the main sectors of the machinery manufacturing industry are: textile machinery, power generation equipment, machine tools, precision instruments, meters, transportation machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery and printing machinery.
[3]
Finance, banking and insurance are also important sources of income for Zurich. Thanks to the sound banking system and advanced asset management level, it has become the world
Offshore financial center
A leader in international asset management.
[3]
|
religion
|
Roman Catholicism
|
Christianity
|
Islam
|
Judaism
|
Other religions
|
No religion
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
nationality
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
Switzerland
|
other
|
|
Take up a proportion of
|
28%
|
35%
|
6%
|
9%
|
3%
|
9%
|
1%
|
1%
|
21%
|
44%
|
2%
|
2%
|
|
Overall ratio
|
30%
|
7%
|
5%
|
1%
|
55%
|
2%
|
||||||
According to a 2016 survey, Roman Catholicism is the largest religion in Zurich, accounting for about 30% of Zurich's population, and about 2% of Zurich's people have no religious affiliation.
University of Zurich
University of Zurich
University of Zurich
In molecular biology, neuroscience, anthropology and other fields enjoy a world reputation, produced
Einstein
,
Roentgen
And Sinknagy and 12 others
Nobel Prize
Winner.
University of Zurich
is
Switzerland
The largest comprehensive university, latest in 2017
QS World University Rankings
Number 73. At the beginning of the 21st century,
University of Zurich
It has become an education and research center with an international reputation. In fields like molecular biology, brain research, and anthropology,
University of Zurich
With pioneering research strength. Its university hospital and veterinary hospital also have excellent facilities and technology.
[8]
Eth Zurich
Eth Zurich
Zurichian
zoo
It is home to about 260 species of animals, including snow leopards, Indian lions, clouded leopards, Amur leopards, otters and pandas. City of Zurich
zoo
The ownership of.
[5]
Zurichian
Botanical garden
It is home to about 15,000 species of plants, including many rare plant species, such as those from southwest Africa and
New Caledonia
Of the trees.
University of Zurich
have
Botanical garden
The ownership of.
[5]
Fc Zurich crest
Zurich Bar
Most of the nightlife in Surishimin
Niederdorf
There are leisure venues such as bars, restaurants, cinemas, jazz bars and casinos, and some restaurants and bars host cabaret shows.
[7]
Since the Middle Ages, Zurich has been
Alps
North of the center of the silk industry. Zurich in the 13th to 15th centuries
Silk
Known throughout Europe, Zurich became the heart of the European fashion industry after the 16th century.
[10]
Zurich's Fashion Museum is located in
Lake Zurich
The east side of the Mythenquai Pier, covering an area of more than 20 acres, is composed of a 5-storey red main building and two auxiliary buildings.
[10]
The museum has collected more than 2,000 years of Zurich textile raw materials, weaving machinery and tools, and palace and folk clothing accessories, which reflect the germination, development and changes of Zurich's textile and fashion industry. At the same time, the museum also set up a theme exhibition area of Zurich down jackets, fur coats and fur to show visitors Turicum's advanced raw materials and innovative scientific and technological concepts, and huge aviation shapes and Martian concept fashion attracted many visitors to stop.
[10]
Zurich International Airport terminal
Zurich Kloten International Airport is 11 km from the city center and there are flights between Zurich and Zurich every hour or every few hours
Switzerland
The major cities or important European cities are connected together. From the airport train station to the city center train station takes only 13 minutes by direct train, usually ten minutes, fare 6.6 CHF.
[11]
Zurich Air Traffic Control Center
-- Sky Navigation Control Center, one of the most well-known air traffic control centers in the world. Since its entry into service, there have been no major accidents until July 1, 2002
The Uberlingen air disaster
71 people were killed. On February 24, 2004, the Sky Navigation Control Center lost an air traffic control officer
The Uberlingen air disaster
The air traffic controller who directed the collision between two planes
Pete Nelson
. The results of the investigation into the accident were not released until May 2004.
[11]
Zurich International Airport
It is one of the largest airports in Europe and is located in
Switzerland
The north-eastern part of Zurich city, near the small town of Kloten, is the largest airport in Switzerland and the busiest in the country, with many flights connecting five continents. The airport is divided into Zone A and Zone B. Swissair, as well as Qantas Airlines, Singapore Airlines and Delta Airlines, which cooperate with Swissair and Delta Airlines, are in Zone A; The other airlines are in Zone B.
[11]
Zurich Central Railway Station
The trains are divided into international express and intercity express.
[11]
International express trains include:
From Zurich
Germany
the
Munich
Three shifts a day, respectively 7:16, 9:16 and 13:16 departure, the whole 4 hours 15 minutes, 86 Swiss francs;
From Zurich
Austria
the
Innsbruck
Five departures a day, at 9:40, 13:40, 17:40, 21:40 and 22:40, for 3 hours and 45 minutes, 66 CHF;
Zurich Express
Zurich Coach Station is just behind the main train station and there are many buses to other countries. In addition, there are many taxis available in the city, most of which start at CHF 6 and then cost CHF 3.2 per kilometre.
[11]
Limmat
Zurich combines ancient culture with modern art. There are many pre-20th century buildings, modern bars, clubs and modern shops.
[12]
April: Winter Festival in Zurich
On the third Monday of April every year, the various unions will organize a traditional dress parade, after which a dozen meters high pyre will be lit in Bellevue Square, and on the pyre there will be a snowman with explosives in his head. People calculate the time from the burning of the woodpile to the explosion of the snowman's head to announce the end of winter and predict whether the next year will have a good summer.
[5]
August: Swiss Women's Open
Women's Open tennis at
Switzerland
It starts in August and is usually played in downtown Zurich
Sports park
It is held every year
Switzerland
The first event to take place.
Switzerland
Women's tennis Open was founded in 1905, has a history of more than 100 years, since the start of 1905, the annual match has been in Zurich
Sports park
outdoor
Hard court
Go up.
[5]
September: Junior Shooting Festival
The oldest festival in Zurich is the Junior Shooting Festival, which takes place on the second weekend of September and the following Monday. It is a shooting competition for boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 16, and there are some large amusement parks and snack stalls around the shooting range.
[5]
November
:
Wine festival
hiemal
wine
The festival takes place on board, where wines from around the world can be tasted, as well as aboard four huge seminar cruises moored at the Zurich Trestle to taste and buy more than 800 malt varieties
whiskey
And a wide variety of cigars.
[5]
Dec.
:
Christmas
Since 1971, Sternenhimmel has been in
Bahnhofstrasse
Decorated with 20,640 small lights, the famous shopping street began to welcome the Christmas race in 2005 with a modern lighting system. Zurich's Christmas Race is a massive outdoor event that will see some 16,000 participants (both amateur and world-class) complete the 0.869 to 8.086 mile course. Floating lights are also a Christmas tradition, which will be held in
Limmat
More than 800 floating candles were released.
[5]
Swiss cheese
Other specialties include instant chicken, cashew juice, vegetable cakes, hot and cold salads, yogurts, chocolate candies and pastries.
[13]
Gros Cathedral
Church of Our Lady
St. Peter's Basilica
Bahnhofstrasse
Women's cathedral
Swiss National Museum
St. Moritz
China Garden
Augustine Lane
Niederdorf
Augustine Lane
in
Bahnhofstrasse
, has
Grobs
and
Yermoli
Two major shopping venues.
Bahnhofstrasse
The shops on both sides display luxurious goods, antique treasures, precious furs, watches, jewelry and jewelry
French perfume
Such luxury goods.
Historiography street has
Armani
,
Calvin Klein
and
Versace
Waiting for a lot of top fashion stores.
Switzerland
Souvenirs of local craftsmanship, such as embroideries, lace ornaments, handkerchiefs, etc., can be found in the numerous boutiques in Strochengrad.
The streets of the old town are filled with boutiques, bars, cafes and antique shops.
Limmat
There are also many famous boutiques and restaurants on the Side Street.
[5]
Albert Einstein
Einstein
He was born in 1879
Germany
Ulm
A city
Jew
Family (both Jewish parents), graduated in 1900
Eth Zurich
, enter
Switzerland
Nationality. 1905, obtained
University of Zurich
Doctor of philosophy
Degree, Einstein proposed
photon
Hypothetically, successfully explained
Photoelectric effect
Thus obtained in 1921
Nobel Prize in Physics
It was founded in 1905
Special relativity
. Founded in 1915
General relativity
.
Einstein
for
Nuclear energy
The development has laid a theoretical foundation, created a new era of modern science and technology, and is recognized as a successor
Galileo
,
Newton
The greatest ever
physicist
. On December 26, 1999,
Einstein
be
America
"
Time magazine
Selected as"
Man of the century
".
James Joyce
Joyce
Settled in 1920
Paris
. He spent his life in exile, living in various parts of Europe teaching English and writing, and suffered from eye disease in his later years, nearly blind. The structure of his works is complex, the language is strange, highly original.
Joyce
His main work is the short story collection
Dubliner
(1914) describes the daily lives of the lower class of citizens, showing the destruction of human ideals and hopes by social circumstances. The autobiographical novel Self-Portrait of a Young Artist (1916) describes the psychology of the characters and the world around them with a large number of inner monologues. Representative novel
Ulysses
"(1922) shows the loneliness and pessimism of people in modern society. His later works are novels
Finnegan's wake
(1939) Using dreams to express the ultimate meditation on human existence and destiny, the language is extremely difficult to understand.
Lenin
Lenin
It was his alias after he joined the communist movement. He inherited it
Marxism
And was formed in conjunction with the Russian Revolution
Leninism
Widely recognized by communists around the world as "the great teacher and spiritual leader of the international proletarian revolution", he is also one of the most influential and controversial figures of the 20th century.
Richard Wagner
Wagner
is
Germany
One of the most important figures in the history of opera. Front undertaking
Mozart
The opera tradition, later opened
post-romanticism
Trends in opera composition,
Richard Strauss
Close behind. At the same time, because of the complexity of his political and religious thoughts, he became
History of European music
One of the most controversial figures in the world.
William Conrad Roentgen
Roentgen
It was discovered on November 8, 1895
X-ray
It paved the way for pioneering medical imaging technology and was awarded for the first time in 1901
Nobel Prize in Physics
. This discovery not only had a major impact on medical diagnosis, but also directly influenced many of the major scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Such as
Anthony Henri Becquerel
On the discovery
Natural radioactivity
, and
The Curies
It was jointly acquired in 1903
Nobel Prize in Physics
. Now, to commemorate
Roentgen
The achievements of,
X-ray
It is known in many countries as
Roentgen rays
In addition, chemical element 111 Rg is also used
Roentgen
Name it.
Ralph Hinknagy
Sinknagy is
Australia
The recipient of the Medal, too
University of Zurich
Tenured professor of experimental immunology. Because of his discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells
Australia
Scholar
Peter Doherty
Jointly obtained in 1996
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
.
Zurich - The city with the highest overall living indicators in the world
In November 2018, the World City Ranking was released, and Zurich entered the ranks of the world's first-tier cities.
[15]
On December 26, 2019, it ranked 16th on the list of Top 500 Global Cities in 2019.
[16]
In January 2023, a new hunting law in the Canton of Zurich will come into effect, banning people from feeding wild animals, including foxes, badgers or birds of prey. Anyone who does not comply with the ban will be fined 200 Swiss francs (about $216).
[19]
