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Subcold coniferous forest zone
It is mainly distributed in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere continent
Subcold taiga, also known as"
The Taiga Belt
". Mainly distributed in
The northern hemisphere
Midcontinent,
High latitude
Region, about 50° to 70° north latitude, such as northern Eurasia and
North America
To the north, a broad band stretches east-west. This belongs to
Subfrigid continental climate
,
wintertime
Long, cold,
summertime
Short and warm. Formed by
spruce
,
Silver pine
,
larch
,
fir
,
Siberian pine
Such as conifers composed
The coniferous forest belt
; In development
Forest podzolic soil
; Animals mainly to
Squirrel
,
Snow Hare
,
fox
,
The sable
,
elk
,
The bear
,
lynx
Such hardy animals are more common.
- Chinese name
- Subcold coniferous forest zone
- alias
- The Taiga Belt
- Geographical position
- around Northern latitude 50° to 70°
- Climatic type
- Subfrigid continental climate
Coniferous forest
It's subfrigid
Zonal vegetation
It is the most northerly forest, and the main tree species in the coniferous forest is larch. Larch likes a sunny and arid environment, the forest is often sparse and the sun goes directly to the forest, and the forest is full of sunshine after the winter leaves, so the larch forest is typical.
Bright coniferous forest
". Larch has a shallow root system that can be permanent
Frozen soil
On the growth, the soil requirements are not high, is living in the harshest environment of the forest.
① The tree species are relatively simple, mainly cold-tolerant
larch
,
spruce
Such as conifer mainly, the leaves are slender needle-like, with a very thick cuticle, for the world's important wood species.
Widely distributed, relatively concentrated, in the cold temperate zone of the northern Hemisphere, Taiga almost from the east coast of the continent has been distributed to the west coast, forming a spectacular vast forest. The Tegarin of Europe - Siberia is the largest forest in the world, with latitudes almost halfway across the globe.
(3) There is internal differentiation, because the span is too large, the cold temperate zone of Eurasia has different climatic conditions in different regions. The westernmost parts of Northern Europe are affected
Marine climate
Influence, the climate is relatively warm and humid, the annual temperature difference is small, there are some
Deciduous broadleaf forest
Distribution, Taiga is only distributed in the far north near the Arctic Circle, the trees are mainly spruce and other more wet environment trees.
Subcold coniferous forest zone
Distribution and distribution of coniferous forest in subcold zone
Subfrigid coniferous forest climate
The distribution is roughly the same, mainly distributed in the Eurasian continent between 50°~65° north latitude, the interior of the American continent. The Southern Hemisphere does not have this climate type, so there is no subfrigid taiga distribution. To be specific:
Eurasia: Distributed from
Scandinavia
North-central longitude from east
Finland
And the western part of the former Soviet Union (the southern border along the Leningrad - Gorky city - Sverdlovsk line)
The Soviet Union
In the east (except the south), the annual evapotranspiration in the north is 350mm and
Polar long cold climate
Demarcation. It is mainly found in the northern parts of Eurasia and the Americas near the Arctic Circle. There are countries across Russia, the United States, Canada, Sweden, Finland and so on.
The latitudes of the subcold coniferous forest belt are higher in the west coast of the mainland, and lower in the east coast of the mainland, because the west coast of the mainland is affected by warm currents in the middle and high latitudes, and the east coast of the mainland is affected by cold currents.
by
Polar Marine air mass
and
Polar continental air mass
The influence of,
wintertime
Long and cold, the average monthly temperature is below 0℃; The warm season is short and warm, the average monthly temperature is above 10°c, and the annual temperature difference is large. This is because the region is the source of polar continental air masses and
latitude
High, the winter night is long, the noon sun height Angle is small, and there is snow cover, the ground radiation cooling is intense, and can not be adjusted by the Marine air mass. Because the temperature in this area is low, the water vapor content in the air is not much, the precipitation is less (annual precipitation 300 ~ 600 mm) and mainly concentrated in summer, the summer temperature is higher, the water vapor content in the air is more
Cyclonic rain
and
Convective rain
; In winter, the temperature is low, the water vapor content is small, and it is controlled by the sinking continental anticyclone, so the winter precipitation is less. However, the temperature is low, the evaporation is weak, and the relative humidity is high, so it still belongs to
Humid climate
.
Subfrigid coniferous forest
The plants and animals in China are mainly hardy
larch
,
spruce
Such conifers, leaves are slender needle-like, with a very thick cuticle, for the world's important wood species. The other trees are more homogeneous, unlike
Tropical rainforest
There are so many kinds of plants. Animals have very thick fur, such as bears, foxes,
Squirrel
Let's wait. Typical of these animals are
Reindeer
,
sable
Let's wait.
The fauna of the taiga includes areas south of the Arctic tundra,
Temperate deciduous broadleaf forest
To Northern Europe and North America
Cold temperate zone
. Taiga (also known as
The Taiga Belt
The winter is long and cold, the summer is short and wet, the composition of coniferous trees is monotonous, and the ground cover is very thick
lichen
,
lichen
,
bush
And herbs are scarce, winter snow is deep, and animal living conditions are not as good as other forest zones. The animal species are relatively simple, consisting mainly of hardy and widely adaptable species, including most tundra zone animals, such as
Reindeer
,
lemming
,
Snow Hare
,
Arctic fox
,
ptarmigan
Let's wait. The seasonal variation of their life activities is significant, and some animals enter hibernation in winter, such as
Brown bear
; Or store food for the winter, as
Squirrel
; Many birds and some mammals migrate seasonally. Animal population changes are affected by weather conditions and food shortages, and are extremely unstable
Periodic change
. When conifer seeds fail, they cause mass migrations of some animals.
Representative animals: Mammals are moose,
Red deer
,
wolverine
, Mink,
lynx
, squirrel,
chipmunk
. The birds come with
grouse
,
Hazel grouse
,
The three-toed woodpecker
,
crossbill
,
jay
, carrying chrysanthemum, etc. Amphibians are found only in North America
Hyla hyla
, a large number. Reptiles are very poor, only Eurasian
Vipera borealis
and
Viviparous lizard
As a typical representative. It grows on the ground below the coniferous forest
Humus layer
Contains mites,
springtail
,
nematode
And lots of insect larvae and other soil animals. Taiga is the largest biome in the world, in Siberia and
Canada
Some areas are less disturbed by humans. But logging and the hunting of fur-bearing animals have caused some harm to the animal community.
