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Wangguo Festival, popular in
Tibet Autonomous Region
The traditional folk customs, one of the national intangible cultural heritage.
"Wang" refers to the crops, the Tibetan language is called "Wang ka" or "Xingka", "fruit" is the meaning of circle, that is, around the harvest in sight of the crops, is the folk custom of Tibetan farmers to celebrate the harvest, the earliest popular in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley area, after widely distributed in Tibet's agricultural areas and forest areas, such as Lhasa, Shannan, Shigatse, Nyingchi, Qamdo, Ali and other places. There is no fixed date for the fruit Festival, which is usually held when the grain is ripe. Because of its unique geographical location and climate environment, it has formed a unique humanistic custom, and also created a unique folk art culture.
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On November 11, 2014, the Wangguo Festival was approved by The State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, the project number is XI-145.
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- Chinese name
- Fruit Festival
- Approval time
- November 11, 2014
- Intangible cultural heritage level
- National level
- Reporting area
- Tibet Autonomous Region
- Estate category
- Folk custom
- Heritage number
- Ⅹ - 145.
More than two thousand years ago, the Wangguo Festival was popular in Tibet
Yarlung
The area is the earth worship ceremony, the celebration of the earth god sacrifice.
At the end of the 5th century, Yalong area had built canals and began to use wooden plows to cultivate land, and agricultural production was relatively developed. In order to ensure a good harvest, the Tibetan king Budegunjie asked the Lord of Bundu for fundamentalism, and the Lord taught farmers to circle around the fields and ask the "heaven" to protect the harvest according to the doctrine of Yongzhong Ben, which is the prototype of the "Wangguo Festival". However, during this period, the Wangguo Festival was not a formal festival, but an activity before the dredging and harvesting.
In the late 8th century, Tibet entered the flourishing period of Indian Buddhism represented by Nyingma School, and the Wangguo Festival also brought the color of Nyingma School.
In the 14th century, Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug School, came to Tibet, and through the rectification of various sects in Tibet, Gelu became the main sect in Tibet and held a dominant position. At this time, the Wangguo Festival will permeate more Gelugpa color. At this time, the Wangguo Festival has become a traditional festival, and the entertainment content is richer than in the past, adding horse racing, archery, singing Tibetan opera. After the continuous development of The Times, it gradually evolved into a traditional festival to celebrate the harvest.
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The Wangguo Festival is a whole set of religious sacrificial activities. During the festival, the local Tibetans dressed in costumes, carrying the "harvest tower" made of green pears and wheat ears, holding banners and colorful flags, and activities in the fields and ridges. After turning the place, cultural and sports activities such as horse racing, acting, singing and dancing are held.
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On the morning of the first day of the Wangguo Festival, villagers dressed in new clothes, carrying large and small lunch boxes, and carrying buttered tea and highland barley wine on their backs, prepared to participate in the parade. The trumpet sounded from the roof of the hall. Lamas and the masses formed a circle, lamas chanting sutras, the masses singing and dancing, offering Hada, spreading highland barley wine, etc., were also indispensable.
Before starting the parade, the villagers began to turn the temple, simmer mulberry (burning incense), etc., according to the order of the village, and held a series of religious ceremonies, and the square in front of the temple appeared both solemn and lively. At this time, there will be villagers holding Qingke wine to the people who turn to the field one by one to show good wishes, so that the atmosphere becomes like the soldiers before the battle. Those who like to drink will then take out the wine bowl from their lapel, and after three sips, they will be allowed to pass. Before the team to turn to the field is generally two village girls dressed up "ram" (that is, fairy), to show that the heaven fairy went down to celebrate the harvest. Women do not have the habit of carrying wine bowls, they have to use their hands as bowls to drink wine, which is also an interesting phenomenon in Tibetan wine culture.
Sacrificial ceremony
When it was nearly dusk, the team returned to the village, and the team had to turn around the village. On the roof of the people on the road, there will be old amma holding Zanba in one hand and "Dada" (auspicious color arrow) in the other hand, shaking constantly in the direction of the field team, indicating that fortune is lucky.
Around the village, mass cultural and sports activities are held in the square, including Tibetan opera, singing and dancing, horse racing, archery, tug-of-war, etc., competing with each other. On this day, every family should prepare enough food and drink, wear the most beautiful clothes, or picnic in the pasture around the square, or dinner in the village friends. People far away will live in temporary tents at night, everyone in the tent to sit on the ground, bring out their own dishes and cooked beef and mutton in the middle, the whole village to enjoy the "hundred meals". During the meal, people toasted each other and sang wine songs.
Finally, the team returned to the starting point, next to the village temple, for the final religious ceremony. At that time, the drums were singing, zanba flying, and the one-day Wangguo Festival parade came to an end.
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Inheritance value
Wangguo Festival spread in southwest China's Tibet, because of its unique geographical location and climate environment to form a unique human customs, but also create a unique folk art culture. As the most basic form of expression of Tibetan culture, it is a cultural phenomenon that can not be ignored, reflecting the Tibetan national spirit and the social life of the people, with distinct folk characteristics.
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Inheritance status
Since its formation, the Wangguo Festival has become an independent system of self-control and a living cultural phenomenon, which has been passed down from generation to generation in a relatively stable state.
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Protective measure
In 2017, the Mass Art Museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region organized personnel to visit and investigate the folk customs of the Wangguo Festival in Lhasa, Shannan and Nyingchi. Finally, under the planning of the Mass Art Museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region (Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the Tibet Autonomous Region), the main member of the research team, Solang, completed the book "Wangguo Festival".
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November 12, 2019,"
List of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects under protection
The Mass Art Museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region (the District Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center) has obtained the qualification of the "Wangguo Festival" project protection unit.
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On October 31, 2023, the List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative Project protection Units was announced, and the Mass Art Museum of the Tibet Autonomous Region (Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the Tibet Autonomous Region), the protection unit of the Wangguo Festival project, passed the assessment.
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Important activity
On July 10, 2013, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Jina Township, Gongga County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet. Villagers also carried sutra books and held activities to pray for good luck in their fields.
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On June 18, 2014, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Longba village, Jiacha town, Jiacha County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet.
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On July 16, 2016, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Bijiaolin village and neighboring villages in Linzhou County, Lhasa city, Xizang province.
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On July 14, 2018, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Qiangji village, Layu Township, Qiongjie County, Shannan City, Xizang Province.
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On December 8, 2019, the opening ceremony of the Wangguo Festival with the theme of "Taolongshan Water Rhyme, Dazzling national wind" was held in Taolong Tibetan Township, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Sichuan Province.
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On August 2, 2020, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Sanda village, Duilong Deqing District, Lhasa City, Xizang province.
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On July 9, 2021, the "Wangguo Festival" was held in Gongkang Village, Lengda Township, Jiacha County, Shannan City, Xizang Province.
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