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邓小平提出的观点
productivity
Whether it is conducive to enhancing the overall national strength of socialist countries and whether it is conducive to improving the living standards of the people
[2]
.
Three benefits, refers to: is conducive to development
Socialist society
Whether the productivity is conducive to enhancement
Socialist country
Whether the comprehensive national strength is conducive to improving the people's living standards. In early 1992
Deng Xiaoping
Delivered on inspection South
Southern Talk
when
Put forward
And be seen as people
measure
All work is right and wrong judgment
Standard
. It is the concrete application and development of the truth standard under the socialist historical conditions.
- Chinese name
- Three advantages
- Time of presentation
- Early 1992
- presenter
- Deng Xiaoping
- Place of presentation
- South China
Deng Xiaoping
First, China is here
The primary stage of socialism
The fundamental task is to liberate and develop the productive forces, and the three "whether it is beneficial" embody this task. China's socialism was born out of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the level of development of productive forces lagged far behind that of developed countries
Capitalist country
This determines that our country must experience a very long primary stage of socialism.
[1]
At this stage, the principal contradiction in society is the growing one of the people
Material culture
In the face of the contradiction between need and backward social production, the fundamental task we face is to concentrate on modernization and strive to develop the productive forces of society. A superior socialist system should have a higher rate of development of the productive forces than capitalism. Therefore, since the fundamental task of socialism is to vigorously develop
productivity
Then all work should obey and serve this center. It is inevitable to use whether it is conducive to the development of social productive forces as the test standard of the Party's various work.
book
Third, the three "whether it is beneficial" reflect the production purpose of Chinese socialism. The purpose of Chinese socialist production is to maximize the satisfaction of people's growing material and cultural life needs. It is achieved in the course of socialist economic development. Therefore, whether it is conducive to improving people's living standards as one of the standards, reflects the people
Mob
Of vital interest.
Fourth, the three "is it beneficial" is
Emancipate one's mind
The starting point and goal of the reform and opening up solve the relationship between understanding and practice. Although many rigid old ideas and concepts have been broken over the past 20 years, and people's minds have been greatly liberated, in the process of deepening reform, expanding opening up, and establishing a socialist market economy, we still need to further emancipate our minds and change our minds. In particular, it should be emphasized that some comrades even now use the way of thinking of the surname "society" or the surname "zi" as the standard for measuring everything; Some comrades believe that the market economy equals capitalism and the planned economy is socialism. Some are afraid of seeking stability in chaos, only to follow the principle, and miss the opportunity of reform and opening up. Therefore, it is necessary to use the three "whether it is conducive to" as a measure of the cause of socialist construction, where in line with the "three conducive", we must boldly rush, boldly try, boldly do.
Three advantages
From the spiritual essence, the practice standard, the productivity standard and the "three benefits" standard are unified. The test of truth by practice, in particular, is manifested through the results of practice. The connotation of social practice is extremely rich, in which production activity is the most basic practical activity of human beings, is the basis of human existence and development, productivity is
Social development
The ultimate deciding force is the highest standard for measuring the progress of human society. From the experience and lessons of socialist practice, we can see that the development of the productive forces and the development of the productive forces have always, implicitly or in fact, dominated and ultimately restricted the success or failure of this movement. Only by firmly grasping the law of social and historical development, the development of productive forces, can the socialist cause truly win. So whether it pushed
productivity
Whether the development of the development of the productive forces is conducive to the development of the practice has become the fundamental criterion for testing the success or failure of practical activities and the right or wrong theoretical understanding guiding practical activities." The three favorable "standards" are the further expansion and concretization of the "productivity standards", the core and primary standard of which is productivity.
It can be seen that practice standard, productivity standard and "three benefits" standard are unified, and practice standard is the foundation, which already contains the thought content of "three benefits" standard of productivity standard. The latter two are the embodiment of the standard of practice.
When drinking water, think of the source.
Reform and opening up is a magnificent revolution, when we are immersed in the joy of victory, highly praised Comrade Xiaoping's courage and courage, more lamented the "three benefits" broad vitality and persuasion. "Three advantages" become the criteria for judging the surname "capital" or the surname "society", we can get the following enlightenment:
First,
The judgment criteria of "three advantages" take into account the interests of the society, the country and the people, which is a universal truth.
For individuals, it is conducive to improving living standards and meeting the requirements of human nature; For the society, only when the country is strong can the society be stable. Therefore, enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the country is an inevitable condition for social stability. For a country, the development of productive forces makes the country strong, therefore, the development of social productive forces is the only way for a country to become strong.
Second,
The judgment criteria of "three advantages" advocate the idea of people-oriented, which accords with the requirements of human's essential attributes.
In the past, it was preached that "we would rather have poor socialism than rich capitalism"
detach
If the actual needs of the masses go against the needs of human nature, it will inevitably fail. The judgment criterion of "three advantages" highly expresses the thought that the primacy of matter and the essential attribute of man is man's desire for survival. People must first eat, drink, shelter, and dress before they can engage in politics, science, art, religion, and so on. Therefore, the first priority should be to develop the productive forces and improve people's living standards, and not to talk abstractly about socialism, capitalism, class relations, the social system, etc., in isolation from these two.
Third, the "three favorable" judgment criteria enrich and develop the content of the knowledge system of the socialist society, and guide the direction of the continuous development of the knowledge system of the socialist society, which is a milestone in the understanding and understanding of the socialist society.
Socialism is a great cause that has never been done before. It needs practice, practice and practice. People used to think that socialism should "take the class struggle as the key link", that socialism always corresponds to poverty and capitalism to prosperity, and that when people chose socialism, they chose poverty and backwardness. Today's socialism is "centered on economic construction" and believes that "poverty is not socialism, development is the absolute truth." The judgment criteria of "three advantages" has completely broken through the shackles of traditional systems and concepts, and also shows that the exploration of the socialist road has reached a new level, which is an objective requirement for the progress and development of human society.
Fourth, the judgment criteria of the "three advantages" are adhering to the truth, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, a revolution in understanding, and the product of a leap in thought.
The "Three favorable" judgment criteria have theoretically answered many important cognition questions that have long puzzled and constrained people's thinking, pushed the reform and opening up and modernization to a new stage, and are a declaration of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. According to the results, the judgment criteria of "three advantages" are the will of the people, the criteria for measuring the progress of any social system, and the objective requirements for the progress and development of human society. This view comes from Liu De's book on Wealth.
Establish the fundamental criteria of "three benefits" and meet
Marxism
It is also in line with China's basic national conditions and is of great significance to our ongoing socialist cause.
(1) Apply productivity standards specifically to China
The primary stage of socialism
As a fundamental standard for measuring the gains and losses of our reform and opening up and various work, it has pointed out the direction for various work.
(2) The "three benefits" standard is the embodiment of the productivity standard. In the "Three benefits", "productivity" is the foundation.
Comprehensive national strength
"Is the concentrated embodiment of productive forces, and" people's living standards "is the purpose of the development of productive forces and comprehensive national strength, the three comprehensively reflect the standards of productive forces, so that it can prevent the productivity standards from being simplified and vulgar understanding.
(3) The "Three favorable" standard combines the productivity standard, the political standard and the people's interest standard into a unified standard. It is a comprehensive and scientific conclusion and a new development of Marxist productivity standard.
邓小平提出的这个观点既是对历史
materialism
The reaffirmation of productivity standards is right again
Scientific socialist theory
The development of... Historical materialism holds that the development of human society is governed by its own internal laws.
Natural history process
The productive forces are the political forces that determine the material living conditions of human society and constrain human society
Spiritual life
The foundation of... In the question of what is the essence of socialism, the mistake of the past was to leave the development of the productive forces to pursue a degree of public ownership of the relations of production, to leave the standards of the productive forces to adapt real life to abstract principles and utopian models.
Marxism
? We were not fully aware of the problem. "Marxism pays the most attention to the development of the productive forces," "the most fundamental task in the socialist stage is to develop the productive forces," and "the superiority of socialism in the final analysis lies in the fact that its productive forces develop faster and higher than those of capitalism." That restores it
Scientific socialism
Of the true nature.
Three advantages for investigation
"Three benefits" is a clear ruler, can be used to measure the reform and opening up and economic and social construction of many major merits and demerits. It has at least two meanings: First, it is meaningless to make an empty debate on the issue of family name "society" and family name "capital" conceptually, and we should see which practices can better solve the major and practical problems of China's social development; Second, what is the purpose of building socialism? It is to develop social productive forces, enhance overall national strength and improve people's living standards. The "three advantages" are
Socialism with Chinese characteristics
The fundamental standard.
In three sentences, it clarifies the fundamental dimension of socialism with Chinese characteristics and cuts through the theoretical entanglement
knot
. How profound, how direct, how dripping! It answers the question of whether to use concept to measure practice or practice to measure concept on the issue of reform and opening up, so it is a thorough implementation of practice standards, thorough seeking truth from facts and ideological liberation. Countless historical facts have proved that the debate between empty concepts is a trap that often confuses the real right and wrong, wastes energy in vain, and creates endless contradictions. Only with such a thorough spirit of seeking truth from facts can we completely get rid of it.
Deng Xiaoping
After years of reform and opening up in Chinese society and great economic development, many new and more complex economic and social problems have been put on the agenda. In this case, the Party Central Committee duly put forward the scientific outlook on development and
Build a harmonious socialist society
The concept, they in the new historical conditions, well reflects the "is conducive to development.
Socialist society
Whether the productivity is conducive to enhancement
Socialist country
Whether the comprehensive national strength is conducive to improving the people's living standards "requirements, enriched
Theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics
.
In implementing the scientific outlook on development and building socialism
Harmonious society
In the process, it is worth paying special attention to is that the social problems we face today are much more complex than the problems of the last century, so it is more necessary to emancipate the mind, change the concept, further implement the "three benefits" standard, have a highly pragmatic system of thinking, and avoid looking at the problem purely from theory and experience, simplifying and conceptualizing. In particular, it is necessary to guide people as far as possible not to make problems on simple qualitative concepts, not to use established models to simply set practical problems, not to simply use opposing and fighting viewpoints to distinguish people, and not to get into meaningless disputes, otherwise it will be impossible to solve the problems of China's scientific development and social harmony, and even create problems and complicate the problems. Only to solve a series of major practical problems in society is what we should really pay attention to and pursue.
(1) The "Three advantages" standard and
Socialist essence
There is an inherent and inseparable connection, and it is the standard by which all work is measured by the essence of socialism. We should grasp the integrity and unity of the "three benefits" standard. The "three advantages" are a unified whole with internal links, and the three are completely consistent, and they cannot be divided and opposed.
(2) The "Three favorable" criteria require us to jump out of the abstract debate about whether the family name is "zi" or "society", measure our work with a new concept and a new standard, and experiment boldly in the reform and opening up.
Deng Xiaoping
The "three favorable" standard can not directly judge the "surname social surname capital". Because whether a country has a socialist system or
Capitalist system
Mainly look at their production relations as well
superstructure
. This is a matter of fact judgment. The main significance of the "three favorable" criteria in measuring the "family name, community name and capital name" is to judge the systems they implement (e.g
Public ownership
Or whether private ownership and its concrete form of realization have historical rationality and progress, that is, to judge their "good or bad". This is primarily a question of value judgment. The "three benefits" standard can build a scientific and reasonable one for us
Socialist system
Provide the fundamental value guide and point out the right general direction.
Similarly, the view that the "three advantages" criterion can only judge the reform and various work also has certain defects: on the one hand, it excludes the "three advantages" criterion to test the quality of the social system, and artificially weakens its guiding significance. On the other hand, each of our work has its own direct and specific criteria for judging right and wrong, and the "three favorable" criteria cannot replace them. The significance of the "three favorable" criteria for each work is to test whether they are beneficial or harmful to the progress of the whole society, so as to give the people engaged in various work with a macro and global, historical outlook, values guidance. The "three favorable" criteria mentioned in the important documents of our Party judge the right and wrong of "various work", and the "various work" should be broadly understood.
The "three benefits" criteria indicate development
productivity
The decisive status and significance of improving the people's living standards and enhancing the overall national strength in a socialist society, thus making us clear the fundamental purpose and central task of socialism.
book
Three advantages
The "Three benefits" standard points out the fundamental stand and principle of correctly dealing with the contradictions between productive forces, production relations and superstructure, thus providing us with the fundamental guide for reforming and perfecting the specific socialist system (including the economic system and other systems).
Compared with the ideal socialism envisaged by Marx, we still have
Non-public economy
Collective ownership of the economy, distribution not according to work, commodity money relations, etc., these can be said to be immature; Compared with the actual productive forces of our country, the ownership structure is too unitary, the public ownership, especially the proportion of the state-owned economy is too large, the distribution according to work is not fully reflected, the basic distribution according to the factors of production, the commodity economy is underdeveloped, and so on, which can also be said to be imperfect. It should be said that the former immaturity and imperfection is inevitable at this stage in our country and if we forcibly change it, it will hinder the development of our productive forces. The latter immaturity and imperfection must be overcome, without which the productive forces cannot be liberated. Obviously, to measure whether our country's production relations and superstructure are mature and perfect, we should not take subjective ideals and aspirations as the standard, but should take realistic productive forces as the standard. Whether it is the ownership structure, the distribution method, or the realization form of public ownership itself, there is only one fundamental criterion to judge whether they are good or bad, that is, whether they adapt to the productive forces and the people
Mob
The requirements of. Especially in the present stage of our country,
productivity
Underdeveloped, multi-tiered and unbalanced, we must firmly grasp this fundamental standard. This is not only a question of whether to adhere to the fundamental views and methods of Marxism and historical materialism, but also a fundamental question of whether the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics can maintain the correct direction and thus develop healthily.
The "Three advantages" criterion indicates the comparison between the productive forces and the people's interests in all social and historical issues
Class relation
The more fundamental Angle of social system, thus providing us with a fundamental and, in a certain sense, new perspective for scientific understanding of all social and historical issues, including the relations between China and foreign countries.
For a long time, to
Class struggle
The ideological concept of the main line has formed a set of thinking, which has repeatedly and stubbornly manifested itself. In the process of reform and opening up, in the face of many new things and new measures to promote the benefits and eliminate the disadvantages, many people still focus first or even mainly on issues such as "public and private" and "public and private", without considering whether it is conducive to the development of productive forces and the realization of people's interests. It is in response to problems such as "the surname of the community and the surname of the capital",
Deng Xiaoping
Clearly put forward the "three favorable" criteria. At first glance, it seems to be somewhat irrelevant, because the "three benefits" can not directly judge the "family name, community name, capital", but carefully taste, but you can understand the profound meaning: looking at social history, there are two basic scales: one is the scale of the social system (" family name, community name, capital ", etc.), and the other is the "three benefits" that is, the scale of productive forces and people's interests. Since the social system is ultimately determined by the productive forces and the masses, the merits of different social systems must ultimately be judged by the "three advantages", so the "three advantages" is the more fundamental and important yardstick. Scientific socialism can only be based on and serve the three advantages. Without the "three advantages," there can be no scientific socialism.
Moreover, when it comes to state-to-state relations, I am afraid we cannot say that the influence of these distorted ideas has been completely eradicated. To this day, for China and
Western countries
We usually use the relationship between socialism and capitalism to summarize the relationship. This is certainly true, for they do differ in the nature of the social system. We should not ignore the differences, contradictions and struggles between China and Western countries in social systems. The hostile forces of Western countries have never stopped their attempts to "westernize" and "divide" our country, and we must resolutely resist and struggle. But this is not the whole story of the relationship between China and the West. There are many other relations between them, for example, between the productive forces of China and those of the Western countries, between the Chinese people and the broad masses of the Western countries, and so on. The "Three benefits" criterion tells us that there is a more fundamental Angle from which to view China's relations with other countries, that is, to view other countries in the world as contributing to our development and enhancement of productive forces
Comprehensive national strength
And the environment that improves people's living standards, and we decide our attitude toward them according to whether they are conducive to China's development or not, which breaks through the narrow horizon we used to view China's relations with Western countries and greatly broadens our horizon. It has laid a solid theoretical foundation for us to boldly carry out the policy of reform and opening up, consciously learn from and absorb foreign experience, and vigorously develop foreign relations of mutual assistance and cooperation. It has also set up basic coordinates for us to scientifically understand the degree of development of China itself.
In short, the "three benefits" standard inspires us to pay attention to
productivity
To understand and grasp social history from the perspective of the interests of the people, and to treat China's relations with foreign countries scientifically, and this perspective is the fundamental position and fundamental point of view of Marxism and historical materialism, so that our understanding will return to the scientific track of Marxism and historical materialism. This is of fundamental significance in how to understand the problem of socialism to correct the chaos, the world outlook,
View of history
Level of the original source.
The relationship with the three representatives
"Three favors" and "Three favors"
Three representatives
"The ideas are all right
Marxism
The inheritance and development of theory have great significance
Theoretical capacity
And theoretical innovation, flashing the brilliance of Marxist theory, have very important historical status and significance. Today, on the occasion of commemorating the 10th anniversary of Comrade Xiaoping's South Talk, we should not only fully understand the relationship between the South Talk and the inheritance and development of the thought of "Three Represents", but also carefully study and grasp the spiritual essence of Marxism contained in it to guide our thoughts and words and deeds.
First, they all embody the position, viewpoints and methods of Marxism. The "Three advantages" point out that the criteria for judging right and wrong should be mainly based on whether it is conducive to the development of the productive forces of socialist society, whether it is conducive to the enhancement of the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries, and whether it is conducive to the improvement of the people's living standards. This not only reflects the unity of the interests of the state, the Party and the people, but also reflects the Marxist view and method that the people are the creators of history and the productive forces are the ultimate source of social development.
The thought of "Three Represents" requires our Party's theory,
programme
The lines, guidelines, policies and various work must "always represent the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces", "always represent the direction of China's advanced culture", and "always represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people". This is the result of observing, analyzing and studying the major theoretical and practical problems of China's reform and opening up and modernization construction with Marxist standpoint and viewpoint in the new historical background
Marxism
The conclusion.
Second, both have
Keep pace with The Times
The characteristics of theoretical innovation. The "Three favorable" standard, adapted to the requirements of reform and opening up development at that time, aimed at the barriers of bipolar thinking of "zi" and "society" that hindered the people's hands and feet, and scientifically proposed and solved many major theoretical problems according to the objective laws of socialist development. As the nature of socialism is revealed, both plan and market are
Economic means
The idea that both hands should be hard and development is the hard truth is a huge theoretical innovation.
The thought of "Three Represents" ADAPTS to the new development situation of China's reform, opening up and modernization drive, in view of the new situations and problems that have emerged since the Communist Party of China has been in power, in light of the basic national conditions and changes in the primary stage of socialism in China, and the transformation of new strata and the working class themselves under new conditions. The Party's advanced nature and how to maintain the party's purity, combat effectiveness, cohesion, and how to withstand the "three tests" have made incightful rational analysis and answers, which is also a huge theoretical innovation.
Third, both played a huge role in liberating the mind and pushing forward history. The thought of "Three advantages" has played a great role in promoting the deepening of reform, the expansion of opening up and the take-off of economy. Far from saying, from what we have seen and heard, from rural areas to cities, from organs to schools, the face of the real fundamental change is still after 92. Why is the Southern Talk so powerful? Fundamentally speaking, the South Talk accords with the wishes of the Chinese people and conforms to the general trend of China's social development after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. In terms of specific content, it is that the Southern talk has a great ideological liberating effect and makes people unload
bundle
"And let go of his hands and feet.
