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Chinese native religion
Among the five major religions in China, Taoism is the only one that originated in China and was founded by the Chinese people, so it is also called the local religion. Taoism has had a profound influence on the politics, economy and culture in ancient times of China, and is one of the three spiritual pillars of the ruling class. After the founding of New China, through the democratic reform of the religious system, Chinese Taoism gained a new life and gradually embarked on the road adapted to the socialist society. Since the reform and opening up, under the guidance of the Party and the government's religious policy in the new era, Chinese Taoism has taken on an unprecedented new look, and has made positive contributions to promoting economic development, social harmony, national reunification and world peace.
- Chinese name
- Taoism
- Major faction
- Quanzhen school , Right faction
- Primary daoism
- Waidan , Internal Dan , talisman
- Main character
- Zhang Daoling , Wei Boyang , Ge Hong , Kou Qianzhi
catalogue
- 1The emergence and development of Taoism
- ▪Taoism and Taoism
- ▪The emergence, formation and development of Taoism
- ▪Chinese Taoism from the founding of New China to the end of the Cultural Revolution
- 2The Present State of Taoism (1978 to present)
- 3The main teachings of Taoism
- 4The main sects of Taoism
- ▪1. Quanzhen School
- ▪2. Right side
- 5The Taoist system of deities
- ▪1. Sanqing
- ▪2. Four imperial
The majority of modern Chinese scholars believe that Daoism and Taoism are two interrelated and different concepts. Sometimes it is customary to call religion Taoism and Huang Lao. Strictly speaking, they are not exactly the same thing. The word "Taoism", first found in Sima Tan's "On the Main Points of the Six Families" in the Western Han Dynasty, refers to the school represented by Lao Zhuang's thought among the hundred sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, or refers to the school of Huang Lao that prevailed in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. They take "Tao" as the highest category in thought and theory, advocate respecting Tao and respecting morality, imitating nature, governing the country by the law of purity and nothing, dealing with the relationship between man and nature, so they are called Taoists. As for Taoism, it is a religious entity. As the name implies, "Taoism" means the cultivation or preaching of "Tao", or the religion that believes in "Tao" and "becomes immortal and obtains Tao" through the cultivation of spiritual body. As a religious entity, Taoism not only has its unique classical doctrine, immortal belief and ritual activities, but also has its religious inheritance, order organization, precepts system and religious activity venues. This kind of religious community is obviously different from the early Taoist school, but Taoism is the upstream of "Taoism", and the essential beliefs of Taoism and Taoism are "Tao", and we must not arbitrarily divide them.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Taoism was formed and established. In the later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huanglao Road took shape, and the original folk orders such as Taiping Road and Tianshi Road were established one after another. Later, after hundreds of years of reform and development in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the classical teachings, the practice of prescriptions, and the rules of discipline, precepts and rituals of Taoism gradually became complete, and the new Taoist school grew and multiplied, and was recognized by the rulers, and evolved into a mature orthodox religion.
From the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Northern Song dynasties, due to the respect of the ruling class, Taoism was extremely prosperous and had great social influence, and its philosophy, health maintenance, charms, rituals and regulations were also more perfect. After the late Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, there were some new changes in Taoism, mainly manifested as the emergence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and the rise of the Jindan Dao school, which mainly practiced inner Dan. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties of the Southern Song Dynasty, Taoism changed. In North China, there appeared Quanzhen Dao, Taiyi Dao, Zhendao and other new Taoist schools; in the South, there appeared Jindan Dao, Tianxin, Shenxiao, Qingwei, Jingming and other new Taoist schools; the early Tianshi Dao, Shangqing School, and Lingbao School also had innovations in doctrine and Daoism. The main characteristic of Taoism in this period was to publicize the unity of three religions and pay attention to the cultivation of inner Dan.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, as China's feudal society entered the late stage, the development of Taoism fell into stagnation and rigidity. Taoism in modern China has been in the low ebb except for a few periods.
After the founding of New China, some unreasonable systems and bad habits in the old society of Taoism were reformed, and Taoism took on a new face. The establishment of the China Daoist Association realized the unity of Daoists throughout the country, and the vast number of patriotic Daoists began to work together for the development of Taoism. Taoism has been affected by political movements such as the anti-rightwing struggle, the Great Leap Forward and the people's commune.
1. Democratic reform of the Taoist religious system
解放前的道教中充满着浓厚的封建气息，对广大道教徒进行爱国主义教育，改革宫观封建经济，废除道教中的封建残余，与反动会道门划清界限，成为道教在新中国面临的重大任务。
After the founding of New China, the majority of Taoists supported the socialist system and the leadership of the Communist Party. They spontaneously set up study groups, carried out the study of patriotism, socialism and current affairs and politics, issued the Anti-imperialist Patriotic Declaration, and launched a donation campaign to support the anti-American aid to North Korea. The Taoist temple establishes a Patriotic Convention to abide by the policies and laws of the state, and automatically cancels the ordinances that contradict the laws of the state; In accordance with the instructions of the state on rural land and the spirit of land reform and urban real estate reform, the feudal economy was reformed accordingly and embarked on the road of self-support based on labor and production; Establishment of the democratic management committee of the palace.
2. The China Taoist Association was established
In the summer of 1956, 23 well-known Taoist figures, including Yue Chongdai, Abbate of Shenyang Taiqing Palace, Yi Xinying, Supervision Institute of Sichuan Qingcheng Mountain Taoist Temple, and Chen Arguning, a Taoist lay practitioner, initiated and extensively contacted Daoists all over the country to propose the establishment of the China Taoist Association, and set up the Preparatory Committee for the China Taoist Association. This initiative immediately received a warm response from Taoists throughout the country, as well as support and concern from the people's government and all sectors of society. On April 8, 1957, 92 representatives from various Taoist temples, Taoist schools and Taoist scholars gathered in Beijing to hold the first national conference of Taoist circles in China, formally announcing the establishment of the China Taoist Association, and electing the first council of the China Taoist Association composed of leaders of the Quanzhen and Zheng schools of Taoism. Yue Chongdai was elected as the president of the association. The Congress formulated the Constitution of the China Taoist Association, which determined that the nature of the China Taoist Association is a patriotic Taoist organization, and its purpose is: "to connect and unite Daoists throughout the country, to inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of Taoism; Under the leadership of the people's government, love the motherland and take an active part in the socialist construction of the country and the movement for safeguarding world peace; To assist the government in implementing its policy on freedom of religious belief." The establishment of the Chinese Taoist Association has realized the great unity and unity of Daoists throughout the country.
In 1978, the Party Central Committee began a comprehensive effort to put things right. On the issue of religion, the CPC Central Committee has formulated a series of policies on religious work and put forward effective measures to solve practical problems. The work of correcting the chaos in the Taoist community has been completed in an orderly and gradual manner. Under the guidance of the Party and the government's religious policy in the new era, China's Taoist educational activities have been developed, personnel training has achieved remarkable results, Taoist research has shown prosperity, and it has actively participated in social welfare undertakings and carried out friendly exchanges with foreign countries, showing an unprecedented new atmosphere.
1. Righting the wrong in the Taoist community
In May 1980, shortly after resuming its work, the China Taoist Association held its third national conference. The conference determined the focus of future Taoist work, amended the constitution of the China Taoist Association, and elected the third council of the China Taoist Association. This conference was an important meeting in the history of Taoism, which enabled Taoism to get on the normal track of development.
After the third National Congress of the China Daoist Association was held, the cases of miscarriages of justice in the Daoist circles were gradually rectified, and some of the occupied temples were successively returned to the Daoist circles for their own management. Yue Chongdai, Wang Xinan, Xiang Yuanli, Li Jingchen, Li Lishan and other patriots in the middle and upper Taoist circles have been rehabilitated, and the reputations of Chen, Yi Xinying, Meng Minghui, Jiang Zonghan and other leaders of the China Taoist Association have been restored. The unjust, false and wrong cases of other patriots in the Taoist community have also been vindicated. Many of them, after being rehabilitated, took charge of the local Taoist and Concordant temples, and some were elected as deputies to people's congresses and members of the CPPCC at all levels.
2. The contemporary Taoist education system has been preliminarily established, and the talent training efforts have been achieved
From the beginning of the 1990s to the beginning of the reform and opening up, the China Daoist Association held five "special courses on Taoist Knowledge" and one "Advanced Course on Taoist Knowledge", cultivating 206 Taoist talents, most of whom have become the backbone of the Taoist community today. In May 1990, China Daoist College was officially established, which was the first modern college in the history of Taoism in China, marking a new stage in the training of Taoist talents. At present, 10 Taoist colleges and universities have been set up in the Taoist religious circles across the country, offering courses in Sutra and righteousness, palace management, and Taoist medicine and health preservation, covering three levels: master's degree, bachelor's degree and junior college. At present, the compilation of teaching materials, the awarding of academic degrees and the evaluation of teachers' professional titles in Taoist colleges and universities are steadily promoted, and the standardization of Taoist colleges and universities is constantly strengthened. With the joint efforts of the Taoist community throughout the country, a Taoist education system has been initially established in which the Taoist temple is responsible for basic education, the provincial and county Taoist associations carry out short-term training, and the Taoist colleges carry out professional education. The situation of the shortage of Taoist talents has been effectively improved.
3. Educational activities are carried out in an orderly manner
First, we should pay attention to conducting education according to law and regulations and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Taoism. Since the reform and opening up, with the support of party committees and governments at all levels, all parts of the country have actively promoted the restoration of Taoist activities, the implementation of real estate properties, and the opening and repair of Taoist activity sites. In 1984, with the approval of The State Council, 21 national key temples such as Baiyun Temple in Beijing were opened, and then Taoist temples across the country were reopened one after another. At present, there are more than 8,200 Taoist sites registered in accordance with the law, with nearly 30,000 clerical personnel registered by the government's religious affairs department, and many more sites and personnel are being registered one after another. The Taoist community attaches great importance to improving the ability to use the rule of law thinking and methods to do a good job in Taoism, and applies for the protection of intellectual property rights such as the flag and emblem, and uses legal means to solve things such as using the "city god" as a trademark to profit and hurt the feelings of the Taoist community, and the ability to conduct education according to law has been greatly improved.
The second is to organize large-scale educational activities such as Quanzhen preaching, Zhenglu conferring and so on, to standardize the inheritance of teaching system. In the Taoist community, the Quanzhen School of Daoism was held in Baiyun Temple in Beijing in 1989, the Qingcheng Mountain Temple in Sichuan Province in 1995, the Five Dragon Palace in Qianshan, Liaoning Province in 2002, and the Changchun Temple in Wuhan, Hubei Province in 2016. A total of more than 1,000 practitioners received the three altar rings. In 1991 and 1995, in Longhu Mountain, Jiangxi Province, Han Tianshi Mansion, the overseas and mainland schools held the activities of confering the Lu. So far, a total of 26 overseas and 9 mainland Lu teaching activities have been held, and more than 6,000 disciples from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas, and more than 2,600 mainland Taoist monks have received Dharma Lu. The Taoist altar in Maoshan, Jiangsu Province, which has been suspended for hundreds of years, is also actively preparing for the Taoist library. The restoration of the activities of preaching and conferring the library has played a positive role in inheriting the tradition, standardizing the inheritance, strengthening faith, straightening the way and establishing the image.
Third, we should do a good job in the construction of Daoism and strengthen the management of Taoist temples. Taoist style is the external manifestation of Taoist belief, which is related to the overall image of Taoism. The Taoist community attaches great importance to the construction of Taoist temples, and has continuously implemented the "Opinions on Handling Issues Related to the Management of Buddhist Temples and Taoist Temples" and other central government policy documents. It has issued a number of documents on the rectification of Taoist temples, strengthening the management of Taoist temples, and de-commercialization, proposing that temple temples around the country carry out civilized incense worship, reasonable release of animals, and create harmonious Taoist temples, ecological Taoist temples, and cultural Taoist temples. Formulate and issue the Statute of Taoist Temples and Several Opinions on Taoist Associations and Temple Leaders to take the Lead in Strengthening the Construction of Taoist Style, encourage local Taoist associations and temples to formulate implementation measures and clean lists suitable for local conditions, and strictly carry out the construction of Taoist style. In the three national harmonious temple and church selection work organized by the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee and the State Bureau of Religious Affairs, a total of 153 groups and 83 Taoist leaders were commended.
The fourth is to restore the Taoist tradition and hold the Xuanmen Sutra teaching activities. Since 2008, gratefulness challenge successively in laoshan mountain in shandong, henan songshan, wudang mountain in hubei, shaanxi huashan and liaoning, shandong taishan, chongqing held eight phoenix mountain xuan door lecture activities, a total of more than 150 long lecture that altar. The Taoist community has also organized a group of excellent lecturers to tour Daoist observatories at grassroots levels across the country, guiding local Daoist communities to carry out lecturing activities, and further promoting the Taoist community to restore the tradition of studying, interpreting and lecturing the Scriptures. Carrying out the activities of Xuanmen teaching the Sutra has played a positive role in Taoism inheriting tradition, training talents, adapting to The Times and serving the society.
4. Actively carry out Taoist academic research and vigorously promote Taoist culture
To carry out Taoist academic research is an important work carried out by the Taoist circle in recent years. In May 1980, the Third National Conference of the China Taoist Association made a resolution that "Daoist research should be further carried out and Daoist research should be one of the priorities of future work". In 1987, the original internally published and irregular Journal of the Tao Association was changed to a publicly published quarterly journal of Chinese Taoism, which was changed to a bimonthly journal in 1999. In 1989, the Institute of Taoist Culture was established to further strengthen academic exchanges and cooperation with Taoist scholars at home and abroad. Since the beginning of the new century, in order to adapt to the characteristics and trends of information dissemination in the new era, the China Daoist Association has successively established the China Daoist Association website, Weibo and wechat platforms, which have enriched the channels of Taoist culture dissemination.
Over the years, Taoist circles have made remarkable achievements in carrying out Taoist research and promoting Taoist culture. China Daozang, organized and compiled by the China Daoist Association, is the first systematic and standardized rearrangement of Taoist scriptures after the Daozang of the Ming Dynasty, and is regarded as a major event in contemporary Chinese cultural history and Taoist history. At present, the compilation of the "China Continued Road Collection" has been highly valued by the Party and the government, and is listed as a major cultural project in the national "13th Five-Year Plan". A large series of books such as "Integration of Taoism and Medicine" and "Essentials of Taoism and Classics" will also be published soon. In addition, the China Taoist Association has also organized the compilation of the Lao-Tzu Collection, the Taoist Dictionary, and the Taoist Cultural Journey series, which have exerted a good influence on the society.
The Taoist community has held many influential Taoist cultural activities. Since 2002, four seminars on Taoism and the development and Progress of Chinese society have been held in Shanghai, Fujian, Hunan and Jiangxi, and fruitful results have been achieved. At the same time, it also held activities to commemorate the birthday of Daozu Laozi and the 900th anniversary of the birth of Patriarch Wang Chongyang, and cooperated with local Taoist circles to hold the Chengdu Taoist Culture Festival, Yingtan Taoist Culture Festival, Guangdong Taoist Culture Festival, Hunan Taoist Culture Festival, and the 600th anniversary ceremony of Wudang Mountain. In 2016, the first Taoist Culture and Art Week was held in Jilin City, Jilin Province, to explore new ways to display the charm of Taoist culture in an all-round way.
5. Actively participate in socialist construction and carry out public welfare and charity activities
Since the reform and opening up, while doing a good job of self-maintenance, the local palace temples have made positive contributions to maintaining the palace cultural relics, protecting and improving the ecological environment around the palace, relieving the poor, administering medicine, supporting local schools, and promoting local economic development, and have been well received by the local government and the masses. In 1993, for the first time, the Taoist community held a commendation conference for advanced collectives and individuals who love patriotism and religion. At the meeting, it was proposed that "the Taoist community make contributions to society as a central task, and set off a new trend of learning from, encouraging and honoring the advanced in the national Taoist community."
The Taoist community actively carries out public welfare and charity activities. After the devastating floods in the Yangtze River basin and the Wenchuan earthquake, they organized prayer meetings and donations in a timely manner, contributing to the relief work in a unique Taoist way. In 2003, together with Taoist and religious circles at home and abroad, the "China Taoist Ecological Forest Base" was established in Minqin County, Gansu Province, to control barren sand and protect the environment. In 2012, the China Taoist Association and other national religious groups jointly launched the "Religious Charity Week" activity, and officially launched the "Light the Heart Light · Charity to help Doctors Light Action" project, which has so far helped more than 10,000 children with eye diseases in eight provinces.
At the same time that the influence of public charity is increasing, the Taoist community actively absorbs the experience of modern public charity and explores ways and means of public charity in line with the development of contemporary society. In December 2015, the China Taoist Association issued the Guiding Opinions on Charitable and Social Service Activities in the Taoist Community, promoting the standardization and professionalization of Taoist charitable undertakings. In 2016, the China Taoist Association officially established the Shangshan Charity Fund.
In order to actively respond to the call of the Party and the government to vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, the Taoist community has held four China Taoist ecological Protection forums, and the China Taoist Association has formulated and issued the Outline Opinions of the eight-year Plan for the Protection of the Environment in China's Taoist Community (2010-2017). At the World Religions and Environmental Protection Summit in 1995 and the Windsor Ceremony jointly organized by the World Religions and Environmental Protection Foundation and the United Nations Development Program in 2009, representatives of the Taoist community in China issued declarations, introducing Taoist ecological and environmental protection concepts and specific plans, which were highly recognized by the major religions in the world. Through the joint efforts of Taoist circles in our country, Taoist ideas such as "harmony between heaven and man" and "Taoism and nature" have been increasingly popular.
6. Actively establish and expand communication channels to deepen foreign exchanges
First, hold an international Taoist forum. The China Daoist Association and the China Religious and Cultural Exchange Association jointly held four international Daoist forums in Xi 'an and Hong Kong in 2007, Hengshan Mountain in Southern Hunan Province in 2011, Yingtan Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi Province in 2014, and Wudang Mountain in Shiyan, Hubei Province in 2017. The theme of the four sessions of the forum is distinct, the content is full of characteristics, and it has been fully affirmed by the central leadership and widely praised by all sectors of society, which has enhanced the international influence of Taoism. The first Forum was attended by representatives of 17 countries and regions, and the fourth Forum was increased to more than 30 countries and regions.
The second is to deepen exchanges with the Taoist community in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Since the reform and opening up, the exchanges between the Taoist community in the mainland and the Taoist community in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have become increasingly frequent and extensive, and a number of delegations have been organized every year to exchange and visit each other, and all-round exchanges and cooperation have been carried out in such aspects as friendship mechanism, cultural research, public welfare and charity, personnel training, and Daoist activities. For example, in 1993, the China Taoist Association contacted the famous Taoist temples in the mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan and held the Luo Tian Jiao Festival in Baiyun Temple in Beijing. Later, Luo Tian Tian Jiao festivals were held in 1998 at the Zhannan Palace in Taipei, 2001 at Mianshan in Shanxi Province, 2007 in Hong Kong, and 2012 at Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province. Many temples from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and the Mainland participated in the activities. In July 2005, at the invitation of the "Chinese Taoist Association" in Taiwan, the Taoist community in the Mainland formed a 96-member performing group and went to Taiwan to hold the "Daoist Concert across the Taiwan Strait", which was well received by Taiwan compatriots. Since 2006, the China Taoist Association has cooperated with Hong Kong's Poong Ying Sin Kuan to organize young Taoist leaders from the Mainland to attend summer training courses at the Chinese University of Hong Kong every year. Since 2014, under the advocacy of the China Daoist Association, the annual mechanism of the New Year Association between the Mainland and Taiwan, the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao has been formed.
The third is to actively promote Taoist culture to the world. Since the reform and opening up, the Taoist community has established contacts with Taoist organizations and academic organizations in more than 40 countries on five continents. Since 2012, the China Taoist Association has held the "Daoism in the World" campaign, which has held Taoist lectures, Taoist culture exhibitions and Taoist music and martial arts performances in Italy, Germany, the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Belgium, Britain, France, Japan and other countries. The Chinese Daozang (thunded edition) and Lao-Tzu Collection and other Taoist classics were presented to famous local libraries and universities to enhance foreign people's awareness of Taoism. The China Taoist Association proposed to launch the World Taoist Federation, which received positive response from Taoist organizations in various countries (regions). It will be the first international religious organization to be registered in our country. Fourth, we need to enhance mutual learning among civilizations. The Taoist community has actively sent delegations to participate in international religious conferences such as the World Conference on Religions and Environmental Protection, the Millennium Conference of Religious and Spiritual Leaders for World Peace, the Conference of World and Traditional Religious Leaders, the World Conference on Religious Peace, the Asian Conference on Religious Peace, and the Conference of the World Alliance of Religious Leaders, and has expressed the views of the Taoist community on issues such as environmental protection, religious dialogue, and world peace. Through exchanges and dialogue, the idea of "harmony of nature, peace of mankind and harmony of religions" advocated by Chinese Taoism has been widely recognized by all major religions in the world, contributing to the building of a harmonious world and a community with a shared future for mankind.
Taoism inherits and develops the pre-Qin Taoist thought, takes "Dao" as the highest belief, and evolves the highest classics, the highest Daoism and the highest gods from it, and builds a huge system of classic Daoism immortals. Taoism believes that the Tao can be cultivated, the purpose of cultivation is to obtain the Tao and become immortal, and the ultimate goal is to combine the form and spirit with the Tao.
Taoism respects Lao-tzu as the patriarch of Taoism, and regards Lao-Tzu's work Tao Te Ching as the main classic.
1. Respecting Tao and respecting virtue, "Tao" is the core of Taoist belief
Taoism regards Tao as the highest belief, regards Tao Te Ching as the classic, and respects Tao and values virtue. It is believed that Tao is the origin of all things in heaven and earth, and the universe, yin-yang and all things are generated by Tao. Virtue is "getting", and Tao is embodied in people and everything is virtue. People and all things are born by the Tao and moral education, so we should respect the Tao and your virtue.
2. Immortality is the goal of Taoist practice
Taoism believes that the Tao can be cultivated, and the Tao can become immortal. Taoism regards life as extremely important. To cultivate is to live forever. It advocates to extend the length of life and improve the quality of life through cultivation, so as to achieve the eternity of life. Taoism advocates to treat the secular life with the attitude of being pure, doing nothing and not struggling with desires, to cultivate with the spirit of "my life is in heaven and I am not in heaven", to cultivate through various Daoshu, to become one with the Tao, to become immortal.
In the late Yuan Dynasty, various Taoist sects gradually merged, and finally formed a pattern of Quanzhen and Zheng one or two major sects standing side by side, which continues to this day.
Wang Chongyang was founded in Ninghai, Shandong Province in 1167. "Quanzhen" means preserving the original truth. Quanzhen School advocates the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and emphasizes "understanding the mind and seeing the nature". In Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan ordered Qiu Changchun to take charge of Daoism and make Quanzhen reach its peak.
The main purpose of Quanzhen Dao cultivation is to cultivate "true work" internally, and "true practice" externally by preaching and helping the world.
A true priest must be ordained in order to gain the title of immortal. Wang Changyue, a lawyer of Quanzhen School in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, compiled the First True Precepts, and passed on the first true precepts, the middle pole precepts and the Heavenly fairy precepts for a period of 100 days, collectively called the three altar Great precepts. The ordained person must leave the home temple for a certain number of years, be devout in faith, and be issued with abstinence after ordination. Violators will be punished according to regulations.
Quanzhen monks are monks, celibate, vegetarian, and live in Taoist temples. Long hair, hair in a bun on the top of the head, can wear a crown.
"Zhengyi" means "right to cure evil, one to unify all". Zheng School was formed by the combination of Longhu School, Maoshan School, Gezao School and other talu school. In the eighth year of Emperor Dade of the Yuan Chengzong (1304), the imperial decree awarded the 38th generation of Heavenly Master Zhang Yai as "Zhengyi Teacher, and the main leader of the three mountain symbols", which is a formal formation of the symbol, mainly in accordance with "Zhengyi".
It attaches great importance to Taoist festivals, praying for disaster, dispelling evil spirits, and crossing over the dead. Grant the Lu is an important way of inheritance, is also an important condition of the Taoist monk really become immortal, only by the Lu can "name on the sky Cao", a priest, the chapter in the Taoist temple can reach heaven, get the protection of the gods, so after the Lu is qualified to preside over the Taoist temple ceremony. The recipient of the account is said to have certain conditions. After receiving the account, send the account dish.
The lineage of Taoist immortals is complex and huge, mainly including three Qing, four imperial, star God and four square gods.
Jade Qing Yuan beginning Tianzun, upper Qing Lingbao Tianzun, Taiqing moral Tianzun (TaishangLaojun) are the highest gods worshiped by Taoism. Yuanshi Tianzun has the highest status and is generally enshrined in the center of the Sanqing Hall; The spiritual treasure is in the second place, worshipped on the left side of Yuanshi's heavenly respect; Laojun is worshipped on the right side of Yuanshi.
Assisting the four heavenly emperors of the Three Qing Dynasty: The Jade Emperor, ranked the first of the four imperial dynasties, and oversaw the Heavenly Way; Zhongtian Zweiwei North Pole Emperor, to assist the Jade emperor in charge of heaven longitude and latitude, sun, moon and stars, four hours of climate; Hook Chen upper palace Emperor, to help the jade emperor in charge of heaven and earth and the world of swords, ruling the stars; After the earth emperor land only, in charge of Yin and Yang fertility, the earth mountains and rivers, and the Jade Emperor are called heaven Gongdi mother. The Jade Emperor is the most revered god among the people.
Taoism regards all the stars as the star king, and believes that the Big Dipper is in charge of life and death. Dou Mu Yuan Jun is the mother of the Big Dipper star, also known as Dou Mu, the most revered. Taoism said, Dou Mu Yuan Jun is the royal concubine purple light lady, born with nine sons, born two sons for the Emperor the Great, the Purple micro Emperor, after the seven sons that the Big Dipper star King.
The four gods are green dragon, Suzaku, white tiger and Basalt. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was renamed Xuanwu as Zhenwu and was most admired.
Taoism venerates gods and pays attention to sacrificial prayers. In order to show serious piety, the worshipper must cleanse his body and mind and observe certain norms of conduct, which is called fasting. There are feeding fasting, diet fasting, heart fasting, and heart fasting. Taoist precepts are divided into superior, middle and inferior precepts, including "three precepts", "five precepts" and "eight precepts".
Daoists do the dojo, always fasting and altar jiao together, so often called. The main contents of Jiao Festival are offering sacrifices to God, apologizing for SINS, praying on the chapter, accompanied by chanting, praying and playing music. Taoist festivals can be divided into two categories: one is the Taoist festival, such as praying for rain to eliminate disasters, warding off diseases and prolonging years, preaching ordination and ordination, protecting the country and the people, celebrating Christmas, etc. One is Jiao, such as taking the spirits of the dead, breaking the prison, breaking the lake, refining the degree to offer food and so on. There are the Universal Jiao Festival, the Sunday Jiao Festival, the Luo Tian Jiao Festival and so on.
Taoist priests bow or bow to ordinary people and bow to gods.
Chanting is an important part of the sacrificial prayer, chanting the scriptures or the sacred names of the gods and singing the merits of the true gods.
One is chanting sutras and the other is meditation. Every day in the morning class, recite the "Pure Sutra" and "Heart Print Sutra", and in the evening class, chant the "Salvation Sutra" and "The Beginning of the Yuan Heaven Says the Day's Tao Sutra".
Using red sand, lead, mercury, mica and other mineral stone medicine as raw materials, it is burned in the furnace tripod, and finally obtains the golden Dan that can live forever. The raw materials can also be plant and animal medicinal materials.
The rise of inner Dan was later than that of outer Dan, so the term was borrowed from outer Dan. Taking the body as the tripod furnace, taking the spirit as the medicine, taking the idea as the heat, refining the God Dan in the body, condensing in the dantian, so that people become immortal. The cultivation process mainly includes several stages, such as building the foundation, refining the qi, refining the spirit, refining the spirit to return the deficiency, and refining the deficiency.
Fu, also known as God Fu, is a special religious symbol, similar to characters, similar to painting, conveying the spirit, summoning ghosts and spirits, exorcising evil spirits, curing diseases and protecting the body. Only Taoist masters can make god charms, so it is kept secret and passed on only privately between masters and apprentices. The library is the roster of gods, and refers to the roster of Taoist people. If a person can ascend the immortal, the immortal can period.
The Taoist mountain is called the Cave Heaven Blessed Land, there are ten cave heaven, 36 small cave heaven and 72 blessed land.
In 1983, The State Council identified 21 key Taoist temples: Baiyun Temple in Beijing, Taiqing Palace in Liaoning, Infinite Temple in Qianshan, Maoshan Temple in Jiangsu, Baopuan Temple in Zhejiang, Tianshi Mansion in Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi, Taiqing Palace in Laoshan Mountain in Shandong, Taishan Blue Cloud Temple in Songshan Mountain in Henan, Purple Xiao Palace, Taihe Palace, Changchun Temple in Hubei, Chongxu Ancient Temple in Guangdong, Qingyang Palace, Changdao Temple (including Tianshi Cave) and Ancestral Master Hall in Sichuan, Shaanxi Yuquan Courtyard, Zhenyue Palace, East Temple, Eight immortalous Palace, Tower Observatory.
Famous figures in the history of Taoism include: Zhang Daoling, Wei Boyang, Ge Hong, Kou Qianzhi, Lu Xiujing, Tao Hongjing, Sun Simiao, Wang Chongyang, Qiu Chuji, Zhang Sanfeng, etc.
The representatives of modern and contemporary Daoist circles mainly include Yue Chongdai, Chen Arguning, Li Yuhang, Fu Yuantian, Chen Liansheng, Min Zhiting, Ren Farong, Li Guangfu, etc.
Taoism is celebrated on important days related to its beliefs and on the birthday of the gods and masters they worship. The main festivals are: the 15th day of the first month, the Shangyuan Festival, the birthday of the Heavenly Master Zhang Daoling; February 15, too old Jun birthday; March 28, Dongyue Emperor's birthday; April 14th, Lu Chunyang's birthday; May 13, the birthday of Emperor Guan Shengdi; The summer solstice, Lingbao Tianzun's birthday; July 15th, Hungry Ghost Festival; October 15, next Yuan festival; The winter solstice, the beginning of Christmas.
1. Taoism believes that the Jiao altar is a sacred place to which the gods descend, and it is not allowed to enter into the temple that is contemptuous or unclean. Taoist priests who visit the altar in person should observe many taboos such as not drinking alcohol and not eating five occinations.
2. The taboo of "Wu not Chaozhen". On a lunar day when the sky is dry and "Wu", you cannot burn incense, worship God, chant sutras, ring bells and drums, or do Taoist ceremonies. In the evening before the day of "Wu", the main hall will hang "Wu" signs to announce the Tao.
3. The taboo of "Tao does not speak of longevity". Taoism prefers life to death and pursues immortality to become immortal, so Taoists do not ask each other their birth ages. 4. In terms of diet, Taoism believes that cows are meritorious, dogs are righteous, geese are orderly, and mullet has filial piety, so it is not edible. A true priest abstains from meat and fish altogether.
