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Cloud service
[1]
Is the increase, use and availability of Internet-based related services
Interactive mode
It usually involves providing dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources over the Internet.
[1]
The cloud is a metaphor for the network, the Internet. It used to be represented in diagrams by clouds
Telecommunication network
It was also later used to represent the abstraction of the Internet and underlying infrastructure. Cloud services refer to on-demand, easily scalable access to required services over the network. Such services can be IT and software, Internet related, or other services. It means
Computing power
It can also be circulated as a commodity through the Internet.
- Chinese name
- Cloud service
- Foreign name
- CLOUD SERVING
- Application field
- Internet
- Work and energy
- Information transmission, Internet and other industries
- Related words
- Big data
catalogue
Cloud computing
It's another big change after the big shift to client-server in the 1980s.
Cloud Computing is
Distributed computing
(Distributed Computing),
Parallel computing
(Parallel Computing),
Utility computing
(Utility Computing),
Network storage
(Network Storage Technologies),
virtualization
(Virtualization)
Load balancing
(Load Balance)
Content delivery network
(Content Delivery Network) and other traditional computers
Network technology
The product of development integration.
From the perspective of cloud computing service model,
Personal cloud
The birth is actually the whole
Cloud computing service
As an extension of the whole, the field of personal cloud services will also be continuously expanded
Market value
Will also be prominent, according to
Personal cloud storage
The cloud service of the manufacturer cloud storage
Investigation report
According to the report, there are nearly 50 million users using personal cloud services, personal cloud services have reached $240 million in revenue, and its market value can be about $4 billion. As can be seen from the above set of figures, at this stage, the cloud computing service model of personal cloud is still in a infancy stage, as a cloud computing, and other cloud computing service models, personal cloud in the storage of information, also upload a large number of user data to the cloud computing service provider
Server equipment
In which, and the corresponding calculation is carried out by the application running in the server, individual users can access personal cloud services with the help of client software in the terminal. The same
Public cloud
and
Private cloud
The technical principles are the same.
[1]
By making computing distributed across a large number of distributed computers, rather than local computers or remote servers, the enterprise
Data center
Will operate more like the Internet. This enables enterprises to switch resources to the applications they need, accessing computers and computers on demand
Storage system
.
It's like moving from the old single-generator model to a power plant
Centralized power supply
The pattern of... It means
Computing power
It can also be circulated as a commodity, just like gas and water and electricity, with easy access and low cost. The big difference is that it's transmitted over the Internet.
Public and private clouds
Simply put, cloud services can put the software, hardware and data required by the enterprise on the network, at any time and place, using different IT equipment to connect to each other
Data access
Computation and other purposes. At present, common cloud services are
Public cloud
(Public Cloud) vs
Private cloud
(Private Cloud) two types
[2]
.
with
Enterprise cloud
The degree continues to deepen, users in the service form, platform performance,
Data security
,
Construction cost
And other needs emerge in endlessly. As a result, on the basis of the original public cloud and private cloud, the market has spawned
Managed cloud
This deployment pattern.
7 [8]
Enterprises can rely on the managed cloud, prioritize the business experience of data security and nearby access by means of localized deployment, and obtain lightweight exclusive for users
Cloud resource
And via hosting
Operation and maintenance management
and
Security service
To achieve users light asset transport, light operation and maintenance, high
Safe mode
Cloud with cloud.
7 [8]
Public cloud costs are lower
The public cloud is the most basic service for multiple customers
shareable
single
Service provider
the
System resource
, they do not need to set up any equipment and management staff, and can enjoy professional
IT service
This is undoubtedly one for general entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized enterprises
Reduce cost
A good way. Public cloud can also be subdivided into three categories, including Software-as-a-Service,
SaaS
(Software as a Service), Platform-as-a-Service,
PaaS
(Platform as a Service) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service,
IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service).
As usual for weekdays
Gmail
Hotmail, online photo albums are a kind of SaaS, mainly dominated by a single network software; As for PaaS, it provides application development and deployment platform in the form of service, and accelerates the user's writing of CRM (CRM).
Customer relationship management
),
ERP
(
Enterprise resource planning
) and so on
Function of the system
Users must have a wealth of IT knowledge.
IaaS meets the different needs of enterprises
above
Public cloud service
The cost is low, but the flexibility of use is insufficient and does not meet this
Service model
For smes, consider infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IT resources
Management mode
. IaaS architecture mainly through
Virtualization technology
Combined with cloud services, directly enhance the operation of the entire IT system, the current IaaS service providers, in the form of a monthly fee to provide state-of-the-art hardware and software and services, such as servers,
Storage system
,
Network hardware
,
Virtualization software
Let's wait. IaaS allows enterprises to freely choose which software, hardware and services to use, and small and medium-sized enterprises can build the most suitable IT infrastructure system according to the needs of the industry and the scale of development.
This service model can bring multiple advantages to smes. First, they do not need to be equipped with costly IT infrastructure equipment, but they can enjoy the same professional services; Second,
management
According to the scale of business development, demand, deployment of the required
Service composition
; Third, when there is a new technology, the enterprise can at any time to the service provider upgrade requirements, do not have to increase the hardware and worry; Fourth, IaaS service providers have a professional advisory team, which is exempt for smes
System management
Spending on IT support.
Large enterprises tend to set up private clouds
In addition, in recent years
Economic environment
Competition is fierce, and even large enterprises are concerned about cost savings, so they also need cloud services. Although public cloud service providers are subject to industry regulations, large enterprises (such as financial,
Insurance industry
In order to take into account the industry and customers
privacy
It is impossible to store important data on the public network, so they tend to set up private cloud networks.
Private clouds operate in a similar way to public clouds. However, setting up a private cloud is a significant investment, requiring companies to design their own data centers, networks,
Storage device
And has a professional consultant team. Enterprise management must fully consider the need to use a private cloud and whether it has sufficient resources to ensure the proper functioning of the private cloud.
IaaS: Infrastructure as a service
IaaS
(
Infrastructure-as-a- Service
) : Infrastructure as a service. Consumer adoption
Internet
Services are available from a well-developed computer infrastructure.
SaaS: Software as a service
SaaS
(
Software-as-a- Service
Software as a Service. It's a pass
Internet
The model of providing software, users do not need to buy software, but rent based on the provider
Web
Software to manage the business
Business activity
.
PaaS: Platform as a Service
PaaS
(
Platform-as-a- Service
) : Platform as a service.
PaaS
It actually means will
Software development
The platform as a service to
SaaS
The pattern is submitted to the user. Therefore,
PaaS
As well
SaaS
An application of a pattern. But,
PaaS
The emergence of can be accelerated
SaaS
The development, especially accelerated
SaaS
The speed of application development.
As the name suggests, on-demand computing packages computer resources (processing power, storage, etc.) into something similar
Public facilities
Of measurable services. In this model, customers pay only for the processing power and storage they need. Companies with large demand peaks accompanied by much lower normal usage periods have particularly benefited
Utility computing
. Of course, the company needs to pay more for peak usage, but, when the peak is over and normal usage patterns resume, their fees drop quickly.
On-demand computing
The client of the service basically treats these services as offsite
Virtual server
To use. Instead of investing in their own physical infrastructure, companies operate pay-as-you-go schemes with cloud service providers.
On-demand computing itself is not a new concept, but it is a new concept
Cloud computing
And get a new life. In the past, on-demand computing was provided by a server in some form of time-sharing.
"
Internet of Things
It's the Internet of things." This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extension and expansion of the network based on the Internet; Second, its client extends and extends to any item between items
Information exchange
And communication.
1. MAI(M2M Application Integration), internal MaaS;
With the Internet of Things
Volume of business
An increase in... yes
Data storage
And the amount of computing required will bring about a"
Cloud computing
"Ability requirements:
1. Cloud computing: From
Computing center
to
Data center
In the initial stage of the Internet of Things, PoP can meet the needs;
2. At the advanced stage of iot, there may be MVNO/MMO operators (which have existed abroad for many years) that require virtualization
Cloud computing
The combination of technology, SOA and other technologies to realize the ubiquitous service of the Internet:
TaaS
(everyTHING As A Service).
Cloud security
(Cloud Security) is a startup from"
Cloud computing
Evolved from the new term. The strategic idea of cloud security is that the more users, the more secure each user is, because such a large user base is enough to cover every corner of the Internet, as long as a website is
Mount a horse
Or a new Trojan appears, it's intercepted immediately.
"Cloud security" through a network of a large number of clients to monitor the abnormal behavior of software in the network, to obtain the Internet Trojan horse,
Malicious program
The latest information is pushed to the Server
Automatic analysis
And deal with it again
virus
And the Trojan solution is distributed to every client.
Cloud storage
It is a new concept extended and developed on the concept of cloud computing, which refers to the cluster application,
Grid technique
or
Distributed file system
Such features will network a large variety of different types
Storage device
Put together by application software
Collaborative work
Jointly provide to the outside world
Data storage
And business access function of a system. When the core of the computing and processing of the cloud computing system is the storage and management of a large amount of data, a large number of storage devices need to be configured in the cloud computing system, then the cloud computing system becomes a cloud
Storage system
Therefore, cloud storage is a cloud computing system with data storage and management as the core.
Cloud development
One of the advantages is
Economies of scale
. By leveraging the infrastructure provided by cloud providers, developers can deliver better, cheaper and more reliable applications than if they were developed within a single enterprise. If needed, the application can take advantage of the full resources of the cloud without requiring it
Corporate investment
Similar physical resources.
Speaking of costs, due to cloud service compliance
one-to-many
The cost is greatly reduced compared to a standalone desktop application deployment. Cloud applications are typically "rented" and priced on a per-user basis, rather than purchased or licensed
Software program
Physical copy (one per desktop). It's more of a subscription model than an asset purchase (and consequent depreciation) model, which means less upfront investment and a more predictable stream of monthly business expenses.
Departments like cloud applications because all management activities are managed through a central location rather than from separate sites or workstations. This enables employees to come via the Web
Remote access
Apply. Other benefits include quickly equipping users with the software they need (called "fast provisioning") and adding more computing resources when more users strain the system (automatic scaling). When more storage space or bandwidth is needed, the company simply adds another one from the cloud
Virtual server
. This is better than in their own
Data center
Buying, installing, and configuring a new server is much easier.
For developers, upgrading a cloud application is more important than traditional
Desktop software
It's easier. By upgrading only centralized applications, application features can be updated quickly and smoothly, rather than manually upgrading individual applications on each desktop in the organization. With cloud services, a change can affect every user running an application, which greatly reduces the workload of developers.
Perhaps the biggest perceived shortcoming of cloud development is the problem that causes trouble for all Web-based applications: Is it secure? Web-based applications have long been considered to have potential
Security risk
. For this reason, many companies prefer to keep applications, data, and IT operations under their control.
That is, use
Cloud hosting
Application and storage in a few cases will result in data loss. Although it can be said that a large cloud hosting company may have better than the average enterprise
Data security
And backup tools. In any case, however, even perceived security threats from offsite hosting of critical data and services may prevent some companies from doing so.
Another potential drawback is the event that a cloud host goes offline. Even though most companies say it's impossible, it's happening,
Amazon
The EC2 business experienced a massive outage on February 15, 2008, and erased some customer application data. (This service is discontinued by one
Software deployment
It mistakenly terminates an unknown number of user instances. For those who need reliable and
Security platform
For most customers, platform failures and disappearing data can feel like a rude wake-up call. Further, if a company relies on a third party
Cloud platform
To store data without other physical backups, that data may be at risk.
Although cloud providers are constantly improving in order to reduce the future
May happen
There are still more outages that will inevitably occur. Be as follows
Expert advice
Some of the steps to help your IT department in the event of a cloud service outage should be taken decisively to avoid greater losses:
2. Use Amazon Web Services in multiple regions.
3. Choose multiple cloud service providers.
Data privacy
Question: How to ensure storage in the cloud
Service provider
The protection of data privacy from illegal use requires not only technological improvements, but also the further improvement of the law
Data security
: Some of the data is corporate
Trade secret
The security of data is related to the survival and development of enterprises.
Cloud computing
Data security
Problem solving
It will not affect the application of cloud computing in enterprises.
User's usage habits
How to change the user's usage habits and adapt the user to the networked software and hardware applications is a long-term and arduous challenge.
Network transmission
Question:
Cloud computing service
Relying on the Internet,
Internet speed
Low and unstable, make
Cloud application
The performance is not high. The popularity of cloud computing depends on it
Network technology
The development of...
ununified
Technical standard
:
Cloud computing
The bright prospect of the traditional IT manufacturers have been transforming to the direction of cloud computing, but due to the lack of unified technical standards, especially
Interface standard
In the process of developing their own products and services, each vendor is acting independently, which brings serious challenges to the interconnection between different services in the future.
1. Programming mode
3. Mass data management technology
Enterprise consideration
Cloud computing
One of the concerns is performance. realize
Application program
High-speed delivery in the cloud is a challenging proposition that involves many factors, including a holistic approach to access and an end-to-end look at the request-response path of an application.
Performance issues include: application vs. data
End user
the
Geographical position
In the cloud, inside and outside the cloud, and at the computer layer
Data storage
I/O access speed between layers. Today, numerous service research reports, such as CloudSleuth and CloudHarmony, attempt to measure and evaluate the performance of services offered by cloud providers by taking a geographically diverse and application-specific approach.
Cloud service technology
storehouse
For a long time, some cloud computing vendors have focused on providing services for specific software stacks. Often, this means that they start from infrastructure as a service (infrastructure-as-a-service)
IaaS
) Transition to Platform as a Service (
PaaS
). Different stacks specific clouds work with most other popular software stacks.
Typical examples include:
Heroku
And the Engine Yard
Ruby
; VMforce sum
Google
Application engine (
GAE
) of
Java
/Spring (which GAE also supports
Python
);
PHP
Fog PHP as well
Microsoft
corporation
Windows Azure
the
.NET
.
If your application is built using one of the above stacks, you might want to consider these
Cloud computing platform
. They are able to help handle the installation and configuration of low-level infrastructure, thereby saving significant costs in terms of time and expense. On the other hand, they often require developers to follow certain recommended requirements when architecting and writing applications in order to create a high level of vendor-level synchronization.
Cloud service
Service level agreement
Some cloud providers have made promises to offer a higher level of service than other industries
competitor
The difference. For example
Rackspace
Provide higher level cloud service SLAs to expand the relationship with
Cloud computing
Giant in the industry
Amazon
The competition of companies.
Note that the SLA is usually only an indication of the outcome when a service fails, not the reliability of the actual service. A typical example of this is the GoGrid 10000% guaranteed SLA. In other words, GoGrid has made a 100% uptime commitment. If it fails to meet this level of reliability, it will reimburse users 100 times the cost of downtime.
While SLAs are a useful metric for assessing the level of commitment of all vendors, knowing the actual uptime of a particular cloud vendor is a trickier puzzle. Most vendors provide a status page to indicate that the service is up and running, but the data displayed on these pages is often only a few days old or even earlier. In order to obtain actual reliability and
availability
For long-term data, users are better off relying on customer feedback and comparison services like CloudSleuth and CLoudHarmony.
Another key factor in choosing the right cloud provider is openness
Application programming interface
(API), which provides access to infrastructure and performs operations (e.g
Configuration server
Or release
Server configuration
Provides external invocation methods. Apis are important in many ways.
First, an API can be supported by multiple vendors at the same time, and vendors also provide users with greater freedom to extend functionality. It is easier to switch from one vendor to another, or to work with multiple vendors at the same time, without making major changes to the application.
Second, the API is widely supported by the developer community, and vendors can build on it with a
Supporting service
And a complete ecosystem of functions. Apis provided by Amazon web Services and Applications (AWS) and Vmware cloud computing products have formed a large ecosystem around them, including
Management tool
(such as enStratus), monitoring and management tools (such as Cloudkickh and RightScale), and other services that form its complete cloud service.
Vmware itself does not provide cloud services, but different vendors use Vmware's
storehouse
And apis, in particular
vCloud
. Such as
Terremark
And Savvis.
Amazon
Both WMware and Windows Azure allow users to use their own stack and API implementations
Inner cloud
So that the user can easily in
Mixed cloud
Manage and run applications on. A hybrid cloud is one that is hosted by a vendor and is in-house
Data center
Run in the cloud. In the case of Amazon, AWS is used to start the pass
Eucalyptus
The API is
Private cloud
Provide the software stack.
One of the most recent developments in the industry is a partnership between Rackspace and
American space
Office (
NASA
The two collaborate with numerous vendors and cloud providers in their one called
OpenStack
The project is exposed to its software stack
Source code
. It is most likely seen as
Industry standard
So this move will help create a practical, viable standard that promises to replace the Amazon and Vmware ecosystems.
Cloud service security and regulatory compliance
The company considers the implementation of the document
Cloud computing
The two biggest barriers remain security and regulatory compliance. According to a Zenoss survey conducted in the second quarter of 2010, nearly 40 percent of respondents named security when asked about their biggest concern with cloud computing. The next most popular option was management, which accounted for 26.5% of respondents. Zenoss 'findings are consistent with numbers from other cloud-related surveys.
The real concern for enterprises is not the actual security threat, but their inability to comply with security-related standards such as
PCI
. In response, many of today's cloud vendors are boasting and showing off the SAS-70 Type II audit and security they have
White paper
And other standard certificates.
Evolving cloud providers
Logicworks
Introduced with regulatory compliance
Cloud computing
Products, i.e., cloud products that comply with Tier 1 PCI.
Cloud service cost
One simple and straightforward way to compare cloud providers seems to be cost. The problem is that considering the resources actually used by the customer and the fees paid, the supplier does not have
comparability
. Supplier provided
Virtual machine
(VM) resource, but it
Memory capacity
,
CPU
Clock speed
And other functions are different. In addition, the parts actually provided to the customer are also virtual, which makes it difficult to measure the resources actually used by the customer and how those resources are affected by other customers in the cloud.
Amazon
The company had an EC2 computing division, which Heroku submitted to Dynos while other vendors created their own measurement divisions. The only truly reliable way to measure the cost and performance ratio of different cloud providers is to experiment with the services of multiple providers using the same application and compare the running results.
Cloud computing
Security and management issues are well known, but billing for cloud services is also a challenge. Cloud service providers like to brag about how easy their services are to use, but most IT managers already know that
Cloud computing service
Billing is not easy.
The billing of cloud services is based on many factors, from what is required
Storage space
, to what is used
Time cycle
To monthly traffic allocation, and so on these factors can become a billing reference. In fact, more than that, some cloud service providers will also charge based on some implicit terms within the SLA. In order to figure out the total cost of a cloud computing service, users need to understand each service element on the provider's bill and how it is billed.
The billing item of the service
Another key factor in determining the true cost of a service is what is needed
Service type
. For some businesses, the so-called cloud services may just be
Server hosting
,
Dedicated server
Rent, or run applications in the cloud. For others, cloud services may be cloud-based
Data backup
, Business
persistence
Maintenance, or basic storage hosting.
For the majority of users, to understand
Cloud computing
The simplest way to serve is to focus on what is most important
Service item
Up. Most cloud service providers categorize their services into three basic types: servers in the cloud,
Cloud storage
, cloud workstations and
Cloud application
. Each service has its own billing method.
There are two main types of servers in the cloud: virtual servers and physical servers. In other words, both can be in
Virtual server
You can also purchase usage time on a dedicated server (a tenant dedicated to that server). Table 1 shows how cloud services are charged:
Comparison of three major IaaS cloud service billing methods
The whole picture is actually a comparison of different cloud service providers
Service price
And billing methods. Each of the vendors listed in the figure imposes an additional fee for some additional services and features. In addition, the price of each service will vary depending on the length of the agreement, the total bandwidth requirements, or the size of the storage required. In many cases, users can bargain with suppliers.
Different service types
Not that all cloud service providers are the same, if you take a closer look at the differences between providers and how they deal with each other
User demand
The way, you will find that the difference is very obvious. For comparison, here are three of the most well-known cloud architecture vendors:
GoGrid will
Load balancing
The service is included in their server products at no extra cost, and they also offer 20GB of storage for free.
Rackspace
Using a completely different billing mechanism, they reduce the cost per gigabyte of bandwidth as usage grows. In addition, the company also offers free backup services on some virtual servers;
Amazon
Most of the services offer discounts as usage increases, but there are fees for starting and ending the storage service.
If you think about the simplest
Cloud storage
Service concept, it will be obvious to find the differences between these several billing methods and supplier business. Again, just compare billing methods from different vendors. Like other cloud services,
Cloud storage service
The price is also determined by the length of the agreement and the total bandwidth requirements or requirements
Storage capacity
The effect of size. In addition, the price of these services is also plenty of room for negotiation.
For using it
Server hosting
For users of the service, GoGrid initially offered 20GB of free storage, and they only offered it to server hosting users
Cloud storage
Service. Uniquely, GoGrid's service offers discounts as the amount of storage purchased increases. GoGrid
Cloud storage service
It is provided in a quantitative manner and is not provided for starting or stopping other commands
Web service
Application program interface
.
Rackspace
Trying to make its storage billing as simple as possible. They provide a proportional increase and decrease model for the purchase of cloud storage services, and the unit price of the service will decrease as the total amount increases. In addition, they do not charge for access if the file size exceeds 250KB.
Amazon S3 does not charge for deleted data and offers a discount depending on the amount of storage required. For those who try to
Price stability
Down to the company, they offer pricing contracts. For some of the larger file transfer companies, they recommend using their input and output services, which can save costs.
Ideally,
Cloud computing
The billing model of the service should be selected and the required storage functions and servers selected
Computing resource
It makes no difference. In fact, most IT managers find this ideal difficult to achieve. They have to think about it carefully."
Hidden cost
Or a change in billing standards to determine the true cost of a service.
The bigger challenge comes from "non-technical" factors that users must take into account that are either separate from the negotiated terms or hidden in the SLA.
The trick to solving this problem is to use clear and precise language to describe each
Contract term
The total cost of each service is written down on paper so that you can understand the real
General budget
The amount of money.
[4]
Specific vertical industry markets (e.g
Financial service
,
Medical care
Or retail) should make sure the provider understands their specific market.
Another important factor when choosing a cloud service is having a seat at the table for business leaders (not just IT), which ensures that the business goals are clearly communicated and ultimately understood by the provider.
Safety and cost are also important factors. However, comparing the cost and security of suppliers is not an easy task. In many cases, it's not a simple comparison. What's more, it's not easy to track down information about suppliers' costs and security strategies.
Businesses should also take steps to simplify the assessment of the costs of working with two cloud services.
[5]
Mixed cloud
Service item
A key success factor is to ensure that the original IT department of the enterprise can be fundamentally transformed - become one
Mixed cloud
Service vendors. This means that IT departments need to update their thinking and treat enterprise users as customers. IT departments must
Be proactive
To innovate and provide services, rather than continue to maintain the traditional
Service attitude
That is, sit and wait
End user
Passive service at the door. So, track and report on the quality of the services delivered as well
Business unit
The service used becomes very important. Without metrics, services cannot be optimized for price, performance, ability to handle overloads, availability, or other important factors that may impact the overall business.
[6]
