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Chaoshan culture, also known as
Chaozhou culture
[36]
, belong to
Lingnan culture
,
Kwangtung
One of the three cultures.
[1-2]
Chaozhou-shantou region
The culture is ancient Chaozhou
Indigenous culture
,
Central plains culture
The culture produced and developed by the integration with overseas culture is an integral part of Chinese culture.
[31]
Chaoshan culture originated from Guangdong
Chaozhou-shantou region
Region (
Shantou City
,
Chaozhou City
,
Jieyang City
) and
Fengshun
county
Tonnan
,
A surname
Yangzhen
[6]
There is also a saying that includes
Shanwei City
[30]
.
Chaoshan culture is compatible with Chinese and foreign cultures
[3]
, in order to
Marine culture
Give priority to
[4-5]
Both with distinct regional characteristics, but also with
Central plains culture
Some characteristics of. In order to
Chaoshanying song and dance
,
Congou
,
Teochew cuisine
,
Chaoshan Merchants Gang
,
Chaoshan Good Hall
,
Chaoshan Ancestral Hall
,
Chaoshan dialect
,
Chaozhou embroidery
,
Chaozhou opera
,
Teochew music
,
Chaoshan process
,
Chaoshan wood carving
,
Chaozhou gongs and drums
,
Chaoshan folk house
The Chaoshan culture represented by such a far-reaching influence, reputation at home and abroad.
[7]
"Circle of powder"
English song and dance
Be known as"
China
Battle Dance
[9]
.
Chaozhou-shantou region
Is "the world"
Congou
Home of culture"
[10]
"Circle of powder"
Congou
Art is
The United Nations
The representative List of assessed human intangible cultural heritage
[8]
[32]
It is known as "perfume in tea"
Phoenix plexus
Be selected
China-eu Agreement on Geographical Indications
Protection list
[29]
[33]
Known as the "king of tea"
Phoenix narcissus
,
Ridge head single plexus
It is a national tea tree
[28]
.
Chaozhou-shantou region
It is rated as the "Gastronomic Capital of the World" by the United Nations.
[34]
Famous at home and abroad
Teochew cuisine
is
Guangdong Cuisine
The backbone and representative of
Fashionable vegetable
Officially designated as China three times in a row
Food culture
Sole representative participation
World Expo
[34]
It is "the best in the world.
Chinese cuisine
"
[35]
"World Goose King"
Lion-head goose
It is the largest fine goose breed in the world
[37]
.
Chaozhou-shantou region
Yes"
Jade capital of Asia
"
[38]
,
Yangmei Village
It is the world's largest collection and distribution of high-grade jade
[39]
It is the largest wedding dress production and export base at home and abroad
[40]
.
Chaoshan cultural heritage is the treasure of China.
[11]
The four cities in eastern Guangdong have included 46 items on the national list of intangible heritage, and 132 items on the provincial list. Meanwhile, 29 people have been named representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage projects by the Ministry of Culture.
[12]
- Chinese name
- Chaoshan culture
- Foreign name
- Chaoshan Culture
- alias
- Tidal culture [13]
- categorize
- One of the three major cultures of Guangdong [1]
- plot
- Kwangtung , Fujian (Province) , Hong Kong , Macau Etc. [14]
- species
- Chaoshan dialect
- drama
- Chaozhou opera , White character play , Orthography play , Shadow play Etc. [15]
- Cultural classification
- Chaoshanying song and dance , Welcome your master , King of the three Mountains , moonwort , Out of the garden [10]
- Cultural reserve
- Chaoshan cultural ecological protection experimental area [16]
- Chaoshan Museum
- Shenzhen Chaoshan Folk Museum Culture Chaoshan Expo Park [17]
- Types of Chaoshan buildings
- Mountain gecko , Four-point gold , Four-horse trailer , A hundred phoenixes in the morning sun , A hundred birds turn toward the male , Five-room pass Etc. [18]
- Cultural diet
- Teochew cuisine , Stewed Beef Meatballs , Olive , Teochew kueh , Kway teow Etc.
catalogue
- 1Formation and development
- 2Cultural introduction
- 3definition
- 4It has a long history
- 5Rich culture
- 6Cultural characteristics
- 7Meaning and function
- 8Chaoshan dialect
- 9Dramatic music
- 10Chaoshan Songbook
- 11Yingge
- 12The tides speak of ancient times
Chaoshan culture has a long history, starting from
Chaozhou-shantou region
The ancestors, formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed in the Tang and Song dynasties, prospered in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and innovated in the modern era
[41]
. Chaoshan culture is the ancient Chaozhou indigenous culture, Central Plains culture and overseas culture of the integration of the culture and development of the culture.
[31]
today
Chaozhou-shantou region
There were aborigines living in the area for a very long time, including Liao, Li, She and other aborigines of the Yue nationality. These aborigines all have cultures, and Chaoshan culture absorbed the excellent elements of these indigenous cultures during the formation process, among which the relationship between She culture and Chaoshan culture was extremely close in history
[42]
For example
Chaozhou opera
The sweet "Dou She Song" in Su Liuniang comes from
She folk songs
. Most of the existing residents in Chaoshan area were migrated from the Central Plains successively, and a large number of immigrants from the Central Plains also brought the Central Plains culture. In the long process of formation and development, Chaoshan culture has absorbed many excellent elements of the Central Plains culture, such as Confucian culture and the Central Plains language.
[31]
with
Chaozhou-shantou region
Due to various reasons, since the Tang Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially after the opening of Shantou port, people continue to emigrate to overseas places
Chaozhou-shantou region
With the development of overseas economic trade and the increase of Sino-foreign exchanges, overseas culture (including Western culture and Southeast Asian culture) has been introduced
Chaozhou-shantou region
Chaoshan culture has also absorbed the excellent elements of overseas culture. For example, Shantou city's shophouse architecture culture is built by absorbing western architectural art. From this point of view, Chaoshan culture has the characteristics of embracing all rivers and oceans. It absorbs the excellent parts of ancient Chaozhou indigenous culture, Central Plains culture and overseas culture, and continuously integrates and develops.
[31]
Chaoshan culture is the root of Chaoshan people at home and abroad, in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong (today's Guangdong Province)
Chaozhou
,
Shantou (a city in Guangdong Province)
,
Jieyang County
,
Shanwei
Four prefecture-level cities)
[1]
[24 to 25]
In addition adjacent to the Chaoshan area
Meizhou City
Fengshun County, Tangnan, Liuhuang two towns also have part of the blessing of the people distribution, the proportion of nearly one-fifth (19.8%), nearly 140,000 people
[6]
[23]
. The Chaoshan people living in this area are a branch of the Han nationality with unique cultural features. We call the culture created by the Teochew people"
Chaoshan culture
".
Chaoshan culture has a long history and unique characteristics, and the Good Hall in Chaoshan area can be called a model of Chinese folk charity. world-renowned
Teochew cuisine
is
Guangdong Cuisine
The backbone and representative of
Fashionable vegetable
Officially designated as China three times in a row
Food culture
Sole representative participation
World Expo
[34]
It is "the best in the world.
Chinese cuisine
"
[35]
;
Chaozhou opera
It is one of the top ten local operas in China, and so far, with a history of more than 400 years, the "Republication of five colors Chaoquan interstitials into the Poetry of the Northern Qu Gulan Lijing Ji Opera", commonly known as "Lijing Ji" can be described as useful
Teochew dialect
Compiling the first literary masterpiece of Lingnan.
There are Yangko songs in the north and English songs in the south, which are bold and bold
English song and dance
Is a wonderful flower in the southern art forest; "Chaoshan House, the royal palace rises", the unique Chaoshan residential houses have some classical elegance.
Tidal language
It is the foundation and bond of Chaoshan culture, and also the bond of affection of Chaoshan people.
Due to economic and trade, highly connected, frequent exchanges; Ideological and cultural, more and more integration, the concept of universal recognition; At the same time, the division of administrative divisions makes it easy to confuse the division of division and culture, so that the word "Chaoshan" is more in line with The Times and agrees with the identity, which has become particularly important. In modern thinking, "Chaoshan" is also more diverse, equal and united.
"Chao" and "Shan" have their own unique status in each stage of history, and jointly promote
Chaoshan area
The development of... The formation of the common prosperity pattern has made people get used to the Chaoshan plain,
Teochew people
,
Teochew dialect
And so on.
Chaoshan culture, a word point "fine"
Chaoshan area is narrow and densely populated, and the contradiction between population and resources and environment is great
Teochew people
Many people go abroad to make a living, forming a social atmosphere, intensive farming in agriculture, meticulous carving in handicraft, and meticulous budgeting in business, very good management, well-known at home and abroad, known as "China's Jews".
Qin and Han Dynasties
Later, Han culture expanded to Lingdong.
In the Jin and Tang Dynasties,
Central Plains
Mainstream cultural influence is growing,
Chen Yuanguang
The tide of the Pingding spring is howling with wild officials,
Han Yu
The relegation of Chaozhou governor was an important event in this period.
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of immigrants entered Chaoshan and Fujian culture came to the north, which made Chaoshan area fully developed and was an important link in the formation of Chaoshan culture.
In Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chaoshan folk culture with distinctive characteristics was formed. Due to the rapid development of economy in Chaoshan region since Song Dynasty, cultural and educational undertakings also developed correspondingly, and talents came out in large numbers. "Fine" is the spirit of Chaoshan, the punchline of Chaoshan culture.
Chaoshan culture
Chaoshan culture is
Chinese culture
An important part of. The glorious Chinese culture has a long history and rich contents, and enjoys a high reputation among the world's diverse cultures. Chinese culture includes the cultures of various nationalities, peoples, regions and topics in China, of which Chaoshan culture is an integral part.
To study the rich connotation and characteristics of Chaoshan culture and to carry forward the fine tradition of Chaoshan culture is of great significance and function to enrich the content of Chinese culture.
Chaozhou culture is a sub-culture of Han culture, a relic of ancient Central Plains culture, and a Han culture formed by continuous development in the process of successive generations
Teochew people
It covers a wide range, mainly including: Chaozhou dialect,
Chaozhou opera
,
Chaozhou
Music, Teochew craft,
Chaozhou wood carving
,
Chaozhou embroidery
,
Chaozhou gongs and drums
Let's wait.
Compared with Guangdong culture in the south, Chaoshan culture is less indigenous and retains more Han culture.
Chaoshan culture has spread widely. All over the world, almost where there are tides, there are hipsters living in compact communities, and where there are hipsters living in compact communities, there is the streaming of Chaoshan culture. Chaoshan culture is the most important root of the tide people, which closely links the love of the tide people all over the world.
The content of Chaoshan culture is very rich, including at least the following 16 aspects:
Delicately carved Chaoshan culture
(2) Chaoshan folk literature. There are many Teochew ballads, Teochew songbooks and Teochew folk tales (such as "A Goose in the sky,..."). "Clap clap scissors,..." Etc.).
(3)
Chaozhou opera
. That is, Taiwanese opera in Chaoshan, the department of other dramatic arts and Chaoshan
Folk music
Dance art, creative development. Plays have been transplanted from other plays; There are also local themes created by Chaoshan, such as "Chen Sanwu Niang", "Su Liuniang", "Ci Lang Zhou" and so on.
(4) Chaoshan Music. With ancient and elegant melody, graceful and colorful melody, with a unique artistic style and rich
Local color
As well as the unique atmosphere of folk joy and distinctive characteristics of mass entertainment, it is an ancient music with a deep mass foundation and high artistic value. Its contents include
Gong and drum
Music, string poetry music, fine music,
Gong and drum
Music,
Chaoyang flute set music
Temple music, etc. It is widely spread in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.
(5) Chaoshan Arts and Crafts. Including wood carving, stone carving,
Art ceramics
Let's wait. Among them Chaoan County
Jinsha township
From the Xi Temple of the stone carving, can be called Chaoshan area stone carving gem.
(6) Folk art in Chaoshan area. Including Chaozhou opera,
English song and dance
Lantern riddles, paper cutting, printmaking, dragon and Phoenix dance, double goose dance, paper shadow (i.e
Chaoshan puppet show
), etc.
(7) Folk houses in Chaoshan area. Including four gold, down the mountain tiger, four horses trailer and other dwellings, as well as Chenghai
Former residence of Chen Cihong
The central and western wall building.
Distribution of Jinshi in Guangdong in Ming Dynasty
(9) Chaoshan sages. Chaoshan area has"
Haibin Zulu
"Reputation, has always attached importance to the cause of culture and education, outstanding, talented people. In summary, there are "four more", that is, there are more sages, more overseas Chinese sages, more wealthy businessmen, and more cultural and technological celebrities. Ming Dynasty, Chaozhou Fu examination
A successful candidate in the imperial examinations
There were 152 people, 145 people in the Qing Dynasty, the number of people ranked second in Guangdong Province, second only to
Canton prefecture
.
19-20] [
(10) Chaoshan agriculture. Chaoshan area more people less land, rural people intensive farming, such as embroidery, planting technology is known far and wide, agronomy level is high.
(11) Chaoshan commercial culture. After the decline of the famous merchants in Chinese history, such as Jin merchants and Hui merchants, the tide merchants and Zhejiang merchants rose up. In today's world, the power of fashion merchants is strong. The main feature of the tide business is the combination of business, commercial capital and industrial capital to operate, operating areas throughout the world. Hipsters have many successful business strategies, forming a unique business culture.
(12) Chaoshan food culture. It includes two parts: trendy dishes and congou tea. The tide dish has the characteristics of paying attention to seafood, light and delicious, seasoning and dessert matching.
Chaoshan Congou tea
Is the peak of tea culture, Chaoshan Congou tea ceremony can be summed up as harmony (peaceful atmosphere), love (expression of love), Jing (exquisite tea sets and exquisite workmanship), clean (clean).
Noble and unsully
Character), thinking (Qizhi Yisi) a total of five words.
(13) Chaoshan religious culture. Chaoshan has a unique religious culture. There are many religious gods: Mazu, Bo Gong Ma, Taiyin Niang, and "ying masters" from all over the world.
(14) Chaoshan overseas Chinese culture. Famous international master of Sinology
Jao Tsung-i
The professor thinks that Chaoshan overseas Chinese can be approved
Huizhou
Contracts are comparable. The main feature of overseas Chinese approval is "integration of bank and credit". Overseas Chinese batch is one of the important cultural relics in the study of overseas Chinese history, postal history, financial history, transportation history, economic and trade history, etc. It permeates the strong affection and nostalgia of overseas Chinese, and has a very rich cultural connotation.
(15) Chaoshan charity culture. Hipsters at home and abroad have established a lot of kindness halls, and many philanthropists and benevolent people have done a lot of good deeds, which fully reflects the noble virtues of hipsters who are happy with kindness, ready to help others, and selfless dedication.
(16) Tourism culture in Chaoshan region. Nowadays, all places in Chaoshan attach importance to enriching the cultural connotation of tourism in order to improve the quality of tourism.
Generally speaking, Chaoshan culture has the characteristics of folk, compatibility, delicacy and pioneering.
1. Folk nature. Such as Chaoshan opera, Chaoshan music, Chaoshan folk custom, Chaoshan folk literature, etc., are rooted in the masses of hipsters at home and abroad, and are welcomed by the hipster villagers at home and abroad. chaohe
Chaoshan Congou tea
Are loved by hipsters at home and abroad, and are very popular in the daily diet of hipsters at home and abroad.
2. Compatibility. Chaoshan culture not only inherits and carries forward the fine traditions of the Central Plains culture, but also absorbs the fine elements of the ancient South Guangdong indigenous culture, and absorbs some fine elements of overseas culture, and integrates with each other to form a unique group culture, with the spirit of embracing all rivers.
3. Fineness. Such as Chaoshan wood carving, stone carving and art ceramics, are very fine and elegant. Chaoshan agronomy has the style of casual and meticulous embroidery of Chaoshan women.
Chaoyang Ying song and dance
In the 108 heroes, all have unique facial makeup, clothing and personality, very fine.
4. Pioneering. For example, Chaozhou opera has absorbed a lot of classical drama and Chaoshan folk music, dance and other excellent elements, and has become a distinctive type of drama. Chaoshan music is both preserved
Chinese classical music
The essence of folk music, but also absorb the excellent elements of folk music, create and become a folk favorite music. The pioneering spirit of Chaoshan cultural and technological celebrities and famous fashion merchants is particularly remarkable, and thus they have created extremely brilliant achievements.
Carry forward the excellent culture of Chaoshan, stimulate the spirit of hard work, courage to open up, integrity management and dedication of hipsters at home and abroad, enhance the cohesion of hipsters at home and abroad, and jointly promote the motherland and hometown
Overseas hipster
The economic and social development of the place of residence and the promotion of Sino-foreign cultural cooperation and exchanges are of great significance and function. (Yang Qunxi)
Chaoshan regional language is"
Teochew
"(
Chaoshan dialect
), also known as
Teochew dialect
, for short
Tidal language
, belong to
Sino-tibetan family
-
Chinese
Race -
Min Chinese
Branch - Minnan language - Chaoshan film, Chaoshan dialect is a sub-dialect of Minnan language family.
[21]
Its vocabulary is rich, humorous and vivid, full of strong expression, and preserves many elements of ancient Chinese, so more and more linguists pay attention to it, and it is widely spread around.
Chaoshan dialect has its own dictionary.
Chaoshan dictionary
As well as the Fifteen Tones of Tide Language and other monographs on the study of local languages.
Chaozhou opera
It can be seen from the clear engraved version of "Zhujin Chaodiao Golden Flower Girl" that the Chaozhou opera at this time was mainly sung in the Chaoshan dialect, but some of the singing and speech of the stage were marked with "correct pronunciation" (that is, "official style") singing, which indicates that during the evolution of the Chaozhou opera from the southern opera, the "official style" may be used in the beginning, and then gradually reduced the weight of "official style", and eventually completely localized. Chaozhou opera has its own system and unique style.
The music singing is a comprehensive system of couplets and plate cavity, which retains the form of a chorus, two or more people singing a song and the end of the chorus. The singing voice is well known for its light and gentle lyric, with many manic twists and turns, and is melodious and beautiful.
The Chaozhou opera industry has developed from the Sheng, Dan, Chou, Jing, outer, paste and end of the southern opera into ten kinds of Chou, seven kinds of Dan, five kinds of Sheng and three kinds of Jing, in which the Chou and Dan two lines of performance are more distinctive.
Chaozhou gongs and drums
Its categories include: with three strings as the leading instrument, accompanied by plucked and string instruments; The fine music played by the pipa, the three strings and the zheng; Temple music with main Buddhist instruments, accompanied by suona and transverse flute; With sheng, xiao, pipe and flute as the principal instruments
Chaoyang flute set music
; In order to
Chaoshan large gongs and drums
Accompanied by a suona
Chaoshan gongs and drums
Happy to wait. Its performance form is flexible and changeable, it can perform thousands of troops, imposing pounds thin, vigorous and fierce scenes, but also play a light and lively, melodious and melodious mood.
For thousands of years, Chaoshan music has been loved and welcomed by the world.
Chaoshan Songbook
It is the most popular rap literature in Chaoshan popular literature, it is evolved from the Ci. Chaoshan Songbook written by Chaoshan dialect, there are songs and white, general
Quwen
Most of them are seven-word sentences, four sentences are in a group, and the rhyme is in a group. It is in Chaoshan
Capitalist economy
From germination to development, the citizen class continues to grow, and the urgent need for cultural life is generated under the circumstances
Cultural value
And aesthetic taste is mainly reflected in the reflection
Political morality
, customs, class contradictions.
Chaoshan songbook used to be very popular with Chaoshan women, but time has changed, and fewer and fewer people are singing books.
Chaoshan songbook should not disappear in our generation of young people, someone should inherit it, after all, it is a unique rap art in Chaoshan.
Chaoshan Yingge (Shanghai Performing Team - Puning Nanshan Team)
Nowadays, Yingsong and dance is popular in Puning, Chaoyang, Huilai and other places in the south of Chaoshan, and it is one of the most representative emotional dances in folk squares. Its shape is derived from
Liangsan
108 Good Man, especially from
The hero of Liangshan
Lantern Festival attack
Daimyo
rescue
Lu Junyi
The story of... Its form of performance is divided into "front shed" and "back shed", which has been mostly simplified only the front shed performance, the performers who paint the facial makeup of Liangshan heroes dance with double sticks or round drums, and the momentum is rough and majestic. CCTV's "All Over China" column group is convenient for the Chaoshan English song's origin in the theme of "Entering Jieyang" on December 21, 2007
Puning
Did a detailed report.
The saying"
To tell old stories or stories
", is to tell stories in Chaoshan dialect, form with the north
storytelling
Basically the same, it is a kind of mass recreational activities, both the masses gather together spontaneously to speak, and there are special folk artists to talk about the ancient business. Chaoshan did not have a special library like the north before, so ancient artists used palaces, parks, squares and other public places with many people to give lectures. Before liberation, Shantou Fuhecheng, Chaozhou
Kaiyuan Temple
Jieyang
Town God's Temple
Such places are equipped with antique stalls, also Open Day and night. Most of the ancient artists were poor literati or poor children who made a living. Every time they talked about a wonderful paragraph, they would stop and collect money from the audience. The audience consisted mostly of the elderly, manual laborers and hawkers. The person who hears the book, the person who sits on the chair must give money, but the amount is not limited. There is no need to give money to those who stand and listen, and storytellers welcome this kind of audience, because it is easier to attract people. The traditional bibliography of storytelling is mostly a long chapter novel, which can be divided into four types: first, a long gun, a robe and a belt book, such as the book.
Romance of The Three Kingdoms
","
Loyalty said Yue
", etc. Two, the bunt case book, such as"
Water Margin
","
Bao Gong's case
", etc. Three, supernatural books, such as"
Journey to the West
","
Tale of Jigong
", etc. Fourth, talk about fox ghost books, such as "Liaozhai" and so on. In the 1930s, Chaozhou was also mixed with some martial arts novels, which sounded different. In the Chaoshan countryside, the masses spontaneously gather in the idle room, on the bridge, under the tree and other places, and the listeners are mostly men, because women prefer to listen to the Chaozhou song book.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of the cultural centers and cultural palaces in various districts of Shantou City attached great importance to this folk cultural activity, and specially set up ancient lecture halls inside to further develop it. Shantou City culture Bureau also scattered in the street stalls to tell the ancient
Chen Siwen
,
Xu Hongfei
A group of people such as Chen Shumian organized to set up Shantou Xinsheng storytelling Group and opened lectures in Fuhecheng to meet the needs of the masses for cultural and recreational activities. Shantou Folk Music Troupe, established in 1958, also listed the ancient lecture as a performance project, and pay attention to the ideological and artistic. In the early 1960s, the country advocated the development of storytelling activities, Shantou City Culture Bureau held a regional storytelling work conference in 1964, so that storytelling activities have been further developed. And in Chaoshan rural areas also generally set up cultural rooms, equipped with storytellers. Most of the stories are new books published after liberation, such as"
The sea of snow
","
Red rock
","
Vajra
", etc. Therefore, during this period, Chaoshan set off a wave of story-telling, and the ancient story-tellers were deeply respected by the masses. However, the good times did not last long, during the "Cultural Revolution" period, the ancient artists were neglected, and there was no door for rap. After the "Cultural Revolution", the Party and the government once again attached importance to the cause of literature and art, and the folk cultural activity of talking about ancient times was again glorious.
In Chaoshan, there are many famous artists who speak the ancient tide language, such as Chen Siwen, Wang Min,
Zheng Yong
A group of people represented by Lin Jiang. among
Chen Siwen
Mr. Is the most famous, he used "homophony", "play white", with foot and hand movements, very vivid, won the audience bursts of applause, linger. After leaving the group, Mr. Chen was still invited to hold special lectures on ancient times.
[22]
Chaoshan wood carving
It is a leader in arts and crafts, it is interesting to say that in the vast "Cihai", to find out the word "wood" carving, we must always use the word "tide" to find. "Chaoshan wood carving" has become a proper term, which shows its strong artistry, exclusive interview and wide influence. Chaoshan wood carving had begun to take shape in Tang and Song dynasties. Ming and Qing Dynasties and increasingly perfect, now still maintain strong vitality. In the long-term development process, Chaoshan wood carving has formed a distinctive style. Its form has round carving, sinking carving, relief, multi-level hollow carving, and shape color, can be divided into black paint gold, colorful gold, this pigment carving three categories. In the application, it is roughly divided into four categories: architectural decoration, furniture decoration, artifact decoration and desk furnishings. In Chaoshan area, people can see the existence of wood carving art everywhere, whether it is "the height of the temple" or the rustic dwellings.
Chaozhou embroidery
It is a branch of Guangdong embroidery, one of the four famous embroideries in China, which appeared as early as the Tang Dynasty and became more mature in the Ming and Qing dynasties. "Annals of Chaozhou Prefecture" cloud: "Chaozhou women more often textile", "weaving Ren embroidery work, although rich families do not waste." At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chaoshan area also had 24 "embroidery champion", and went to Nanjing to participate in the national embroidery competition. Chaozhou embroidery pays attention to the composition of all said, strong color, magnificent, its varieties can be roughly divided into daily necessities, appreciation goods and drama clothing three kinds, the form has velvet embroidery, yarn embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, pearl embroidery four categories. There are more than 60 kinds of stitches, such as "crossing the bridge", "Luanchan", "Li Gen", "two-pin lock", "three-pin lock", "three-hill rise", as well as "playing only", "transforming needle", "chaotic needle" and "point embroidery". Chaoxiu is famous for its colorful and exquisite techniques, and its products are sold all over the world and are well received.
And then there are the ingenious ones
Chaoshan drawing
, colorful
Chaoshan Lantern
,
Chaoshan paper-cut
, Chaoshan Silver jewelry,
Fengxi ceramics
,
Chaoshan inlaid porcelain
,
Chaoshan stone carving
Wait a minute. It's beautiful. It's beautiful.
Mountain gecko
Four-horse trailer
Chaoshan Ancestral Hall
The basic structure has two halls with one court and three halls with two courts. The three Chaozhou architectural techniques of wood carving, stone carving and porcelain inlay are systematically used in its construction, which are luxurious, magnificent and magnificent, and have certain appreciation value. Chaoshan ancestral hall also has certain historical and cultural value. Such as
Puning City
There are inscriptions built in Yongsi Tang of Xishe Township in the Republic of China, from which we can understand the origin and lineage order of the ancestor, which is of great help to the study of the history of this cluster. Chenghai City
Houxi township
Fang Zhuang Hall, hall middle entrance has a tomb, this phenomenon in Chaoshan is extremely rare.
Chaoshan Tulou
Be mainly distributed in
Raoping county
Chaozhou City
Mount Phoenix
Area and its afterpulse, such as
Tiepu town, Chaoan county
The plain area.
Chaoshan Good Hall
Be the most...
Teochew people
It is a kind of charity with the nature of folk faith. Under the influence of this kind of culture, hipsters are more willing to do charity.
Chaoshan folk custom
Many, and retain a lot of Central Plains traditional culture, which is also Chaoshan people have been proud of the place. In addition to traditional festivals, they are still preserved
Ghost Festival
, Mid-Autumn Festival
Burning tower
, New Year's burning dragon,
Chaoshan Mid-Autumn Festival custom
And so on the customs of the Central Plains have disappeared. Another characteristic is"
Human Day
"Eat seven kinds of soup, Chenghai
Saida
,
Longwei
Grab pomegranate
Salt stove drags God
; Chao Pu villages"
Yingmaster
"And other customs.
Fashionable vegetable
Has been around for thousands of years. According to historical records, tide dishes can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, influenced by the cooking skills of the Central Plains, it developed rapidly. When Han Yu came to the tide in the Tang Dynasty, he praised the delicious tide dishes and said: "... Zhang holds a horse armor column, so the strange eye is presented. The rest of the dozens, can not be lamented." By the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the tide food entered its heyday, and there were many famous restaurants, famous teachers and famous dishes in Chaozhou city. In modern times, due to the exchange of overseas Chinese,
Teochew cuisine
The essence of famous food at home and abroad, more colorful dishes, quality excellence. Hipster dishes have developed into unique dishes
Lingdong culture
Characteristic, well-known at home and abroad one of China's famous dishes.
Chaoshan snacks
Chaoshan play cold
Mainly all kinds of brine, pickled river fresh and other cold dishes with Chaoshan diet characteristics.
Chaoshan Congou tea
Chinese tea ceremony.
Borrow five mountains of noble spirit, Na Kunlun
Lone
. Hold God turtle jade column, sun moon stars. Sun heaven and earth, Wei town ① Chaoshan Yi.
Between Guangdong and Fujian, front sea back mountain. Beautiful and rich, without desire. There is no wake in summer, and winter is extremely cold. Tidal soil, 5,000 years old. The Qin and Han dynasties were in harmony with each other. Mountain wind sea Tao, clean the mind. Through the vicissitudes of life, soft apartment just.
Hard-working, humble
gentle
. Forge ahead, pioneering and innovative. Rivers and rivers, the sun and the moon. The waves go on, the hipsters go on. Outstanding contributions, world famous. The torch is passed on for a long time. It is also open and has a long history.
Especially see the tide history, from the two Jin. When the county set up to expose, Fuxiang basin. West jurisdiction Yue Hui, east Fujian Pu. North cross Xing Mei, south according to Haiya. Between heaven and earth, all living things. Every one of them has a wonderful life. To add meaning such as, Puhui two places.
Set up another county guard. retrace
Hai Duong
. Tang and Song Xianjun, Lingnan Lizhu. Han official road, eternal Ming Chaoshan. Bright culture, unique. A merry man may sprout forever. Eight men and seven sages, merit is infinite.
Xiu Shan
Lishui (a county in Shandong Province)
Around the three rivers. Two temples set against each other, Xuanshan Kaiyuan ③. Geese swarm, the sea is blue and the sky is blue. Let it be the will of God, the house
Chaoan County
. The spirit of man, filled with water cave sky. Ming Da De, clear moon breeze ④. Shi Guan Erlin, Wen
Wu Zhuangyuan
⑤.
The present prosperity, heaven and earth harmony. towering
Xindu
Four cities and nine counties. Soil rich garden bo, the home of Hanlin.
The rivers and mountains are as beautiful as a picture.
All rivers run into sea. Hong Kong pearl, the champion. Spring and autumn, the people praised. Lin Junzi Feng, Zhenying Hong Kong.
Xu's new, the book of scripture. Zhuang Weng world peace, high moral respect. Emperor Zong Xi, write history. Tao Zhu Jiacheng, a role model.
Gao Xian
A forest of trees is difficult to win. A good man, a good man.
There are millions of hipsters today. Rooted in the wide Yu, the four seas and Yan. The five continents help each other and all industries are brilliant. Especially merchants, famous in the world.
The roc spread its wings
Dragons and phoenixes fly high. Billions of grandchildren, rising sun.
Jinli heyday
Strange flowers and trees.
All are beautiful, all are beautiful. Ancient and modern virtue, reunion of flesh and blood. The wind is water, the faith is passed on. Therefore, it is said that "three rivers and waters are connected, and the proud flowers bloom all over the world." Eight men and seven sages reappear today, and hipster merchants are everywhere."
Beautiful, beautiful! ... Moral commitment, Chaoshan hipster also
① Wei town: refers to Chaoshan people, five spirits gas help.
② Eight men and seven sages: Seven sages. Xu Shen. Zhang Kui, Liu Yun and Lin Xun
Wang Dabao
Lu Dong. Wu Retro; Eight Jun for. Weng Wanda
Lin Daqin
Guo Zhiqi Huang
Chida
.
Da Ming Da De, clear moon breeze: indicate the dynasty and Qing tide, but also describe from the Angle of art.
⑤ When the crown two Lin, civil and military champion: Chaoshan Ming Dynasty Jiajing period Lin Daqin, Qing Dynasty Kangxi Wu champion
Lim Deok-yong
.
Teochew people
Often self-deprecating in the "province tail country corner." Spreading out the map of China, Chaoshan is located in the southeast corner, with mountains in the north and the sea in the south, living in the east of Guangdong, and nearly 500 li away from the provincial capital Guangzhou, which is called the "province tail country corner". Even now the transportation is convenient, in Jieyang Chaoshan airport can fly directly to Guangzhou, Beijing, but by car to Guangzhou still takes five or six hours. Just imagine that in the ancient times when traffic was backward, it was not a "bird flying is half a year"?
Teochew people belong to
The Follo People Department
Its formation has a direct relationship with the immigration from Fujian. Fujian has always been a narrow place for people, and the Chaoshan area of Guangdong is only a ridge away from it, which is the first stop for Fujian immigrants to move into. Since Tang and Song Dynasties, Fujian immigrants have been pouring into Guangdong continuously. It is said that during the period of Han Yu's denunciation of Chaozhou, he once "took the correct pronunciation as the fashionable person's law", that is, he used the Central Plains pronunciation to transform Chaozhou local pronunciation, but he failed, showing that the Chaozhou dialect had become increasingly stereotyped at that time and was difficult to change. Beginning in the Song Dynasty, a large number of Fujian and Chaoshan people moved south along the coast in batches and arrived in the coastal areas of western Guangdong and Hainan Island, where they communicated and integrated with the inhabitants, forming another branch of the Fuluo people system in Guangdong.
Chaoshan area has mountains on three sides and sea on the other. Though there be riches in the land
Chaoshan plain
But the living environment is not easy, often typhoons and earthquake threats, coupled with the history of fewer people, per capita arable land less than three fields, such a living environment has cultivated the fine tradition of Chaoshan people intensive farming, so Chaoshan people have "farming such as embroidery".
Chaoshan people are distributed in the southeast coast of Guangdong, and their life depends on the sea. Farming the sea, adventure, sea god worship
Marine culture
It is one of the most important characteristics of Chaoshan culture. In Tang and Song Dynasties, Chaozhou fishermen were already working in deep-sea fishing ground, which was one of the earliest fishing ground in China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Indonesian merchant ships came to Chaozhou for trade. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Chaoshan area had developed maritime commercial trade activities. Even in the early Qing Dynasty, Chaoshan merchants still secretly carried out overseas trade. The "Chaozhou Gang" businessmen group, like the "Guangzhou Gang", waded far into the whale wave and pursued the profits of the sea.
After the Opium War, Shantou opened its port, Chaoshan people went overseas to make a living everywhere, so the Chaoshan area became as important as Jiangmen Wuyi
Hometown of overseas Chinese
. Of course, entering the world will not be smooth sailing, it is the struggle and struggle of life, and it is a difficult choice that is cornered by life. There is a song as proof, "no money no rice helpless, back a burden.
Siam
(i.e. Thailand). Once the fire ship reaches the seven continents, look back at my hometown. Mother and father all cry, cry to my heart like a gun ", "Siamese ship, the water is far away, will live and die in this day." If you earn too much and have no food, you will become a monster and hate it." However, hipsters are ultimately smart and hard-working, and the economies of these countries in Southeast Asia were far behind those of China at that time, and the business of hipsters who liked to stick together became bigger and bigger. Nowadays, in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand, many big businessmen have ancestral homes in Chaoshan.
intense
Commodity consciousness
It is the superior cultural quality of Chaoshan people. They are not only intensive farming in agriculture, but also elaborate in handicrafts, and in business is meticulous, extremely good management, famous at home and abroad, so they are known as "Eastern Jews". But the businessman who is greedy for profit and too smart will always be envied. This is also the trigger for the bloodstained anti-Jewish movement in history, and the "anti-Chinese movement" in Southeast Asia has similar reasons. Nowadays, many Chaoshan people seem to be complacent and proud of the name of "Eastern Jews", in fact, behind this name is a sad history of blood and tears.
In Chinese history,
Shanxi merchants
, Huizhou merchants and
Chaoshang Company
It was famous all over the world, and the name of Jin merchants and Hui merchants was obviously more prominent than the tide merchants. The "ticket number" opened by Shanxi people influenced the financial market of the great Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, and even the Dowager Empress Cixi also borrowed money from Jin merchants. The rich and bold Jin businessmen returned home, built luxurious houses, and left many Shanxi "courtyards" until today. But the modern Jin merchants and Huizhou merchants have died down, and the tide business banner is still established. This has nothing to do with the fact that Jin merchants and Hui merchants are government merchants in essence, and only tide merchants take the road of market. As official merchants, Jin merchants and Hui merchants were attached to the court to deal in necessities such as salt, rice, and tea, or to issue ticket numbers, which was equivalent to today's steel, tobacco, and financial industries. They were usually regulated by the state, and once they entered these monopolies, they were accompanied by huge profits. However, once Jin merchants and Hui merchants lost the era of dependence, their fate also came to an end. Chao businessmen adhere to the relatively simple road of marketization, "a spark can start a prairie fire."
It is built in many places around the world where there are Chinese people
Chaozhou Guild Hall
. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chaozhou Guild Hall was also set up in many commercial ports in China. There are also hipster societies in Southeast Asian countries and the United States, Canada, Australia and other places. Established in 1981
International Tide Group Fellowship Meeting
An international gathering is held every two years. In 1997, the 8th Annual Meeting was held for the first time in Shantou, the native city of Hipness.
Then-us President Bill Clinton also sent a congratulatory message to the conference
The influence of the tide business overseas can be seen.
Chaoshan people are good at business, but they do not exclude scholars. Chaozhou people believe that this is the same as the great writer of Tang Dynasty who was demoted to Chaozhou as a historian
Han Yu
Relevant. After Han Yu took office, he recommended Fang Junyan to preside over the state school, and set up a school, in order to solve the funding problem, he also donated more than 8 months of salary. Later, the successive local officials also paid attention to education, and achieved the Chaoshan people's elegant temperament. The exquisite attitude of life is deeply rooted in the hipster, as if it has been integrated into the blood of that particular, even if it is a peddler and pawn, no exception. I have seen a tricycle driver, waiting for the little leisure of the guests, and did not forget to take a few cups of elegant Congou tea. Song Dynasty poet Liu Sanbian once said: "endure the floating name, change the shallow pieces of low singing." In fact, hipsters are the floating fame and meager profits are also used to sing, work and life are not delayed. Someone once summed up the hipster mentality as"
Congou
Culture, quite a lot of complaints, as if once thrown away the time tea like exquisite, put on a big bowl of tea, when you can do great things. This unavoidably skin appearance, without the delicacy of Congou tea, why come to fashion people?
[22]
Chaozhou Cultural Research Institute, Jinan University
On September 16, 2021,
Chaozhou Cultural Research Institute, Jinan University
in
Jinan University
Established.
Chen Pingyuan
He was appointed as the first Dean and head of the Academic Committee.
26 [27]
