Turpan City (Yanxuan, Yigai, Yigui, Yigui, Yigui) ^[32] , Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Located in the central part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, it is an olive-shaped intermountain basin in the eastern part of the Tianshan Mountains. Surrounded by mountains on all sides, it is a typical continental warm temperate desert climate, rich in heat but extremely dry, with little rainfall and frequent wind. The total area of the prefecture is 69713 square kilometers. ^[24] As of June 2023, Turpan Municipality has jurisdiction over 1 district and 2 counties. ^[6] By the end of 2023, the permanent population of Turpan was 693,400, with an urbanization rate of 50.95%. ^[42]

In April 2015, The State Council approved the abolition of the Turpan area and the establishment of prefecture-level Turpan City. Located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, Turpan is the gateway to Urumqi and an important transportation hub of the New Silk Road and the Eurasian Land Bridge. Lanxin Railway and Southern Xinjiang Railway converge here, forming a three-dimensional transportation system integrating "road, railway and aviation" with Turpan Airport and G30 Line, with the location and convenient transportation advantages of "connecting the north and the south, connecting the east to the west, and coming from the west to the east". ^[1] Turpan is a famous tourist city at home and abroad, the famous cultural relics of Gaochang Ancient city, Jiaohe City successfully selected into the World cultural Heritage list, there are a large number of unique style of ancient beacon site, caravans, food and architecture, tourist resources scenic spots (districts), and relatively concentrated. ^[23] In October 2017, it was awarded the National Garden City. ^[2-3]

In 2023, the gross regional product (GDP) reached 58.811 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year at constant prices. ^[42]

Chinese name: Turpan City
Foreign name: Turpan City ^[43]
alias: Gao Chang , Western State , volcano ^[28] , Jiaohe County
Administrative division code: 650400
Administrative category: Prefecture-level city
Subordinate region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Geographical position: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region East central
Area product: 69713 km²
Subordinate area: 1 district, 2 counties

Government premises: Gaochang District
Telephone area code: 0995 (+ 86)
Postal code: 838000
Climatic condition: Temperate continental climate
Population number: 693,400 (Permanent population at the end of 2023)
Famous scenic spot: The old city of Gaochang , Jiaohe County The Old City, The Mountain of Flames Grape ditch, etc
aerodrome: Turpan Jiaohe Airport
Railway station: Turpan Railway Station , Turpan North Railway Station
License plate code: New K
Gross regional product: 58.811 billion yuan ^[25] (2023)

catalogue

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Turpan (2 photos)

Turpan city is ancient Silk Road On the big town, back in neolith Six or seven thousand years ago, there were human activities. At that time, the people of Turpan mainly hunted and gathered. enter Slave society Later, the mode of production gradually changed to agriculture, and gradually Turpan Basin Settle down. According to... Shih Chi According to the records, the indigenous people living in the Turpan Basin are A surname The man. They established Gushi (later called Gushi) on the Turpan Basin driver ) State, Fox beard Guo, Xiao Jin Fu Guo, After the chief of the chariot , The charioteer is the master of the country .

In northern China during the Western Han Dynasty Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in China Controlled most of the Western regions and constantly harassed the Han Dynasty. Jianyuan three years (138 BC), Pai Zhang Qian He went to the Western regions to unite with the countries of the Western Regions to break the "right arm" of the Huns. The land of "Gu Shi" is an important channel to open up the Western regions, and its strategic position is extremely important. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu launched a long-term and repeated competition for "Gu Shi". Yuan Feng Three years (108 BC), the Han Army general Zhao Qunu And Wang Hui rate ride tens of thousands of grams Loulan Master, broken Aunt. Gu Shi changed his name to Che Shi, minister belongs to the Western Han Dynasty. The division is formed north and south by Bogda Mountain motordom . Soon the Huns took control of the charioteer again. Tian Han three years (99 BC), the Han to Xiongnu surrender Jie and Wang Chenghua for the opening of the mausoleum marquis, Loulan army attack division, Xiongnu sent You Xian Wang Led tens of thousands of riding rescue, Han soldiers defeated. Four years (89 BC), the Han sent Marquis Kailing to lead Loulan and other six countries to encircle the chariot division, and the chariot division king surrendered to the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Yuan Ping (74 BC), the Xiongnu reoccupied Che Shi and sent 4,000 cavalry to camp here. The first three years (71 BC), the Han Dynasty and Usun United troops from the east and west to attack the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu soldiers in the village fled in fear, and the chariot division is Han. Later, King Che and Xiongnu married, and Han lost Che. Land festival two years (68 BC), Han Lang Zheng Ji Led the army to capture the car division Jiaohe city, sent 300 soldiers to the field car division. The Huns sent troops to fight again. Yuan Kang four years (62 BC), Han gave up the car division. In the second year of the Lord God (60 BC), the Xiongnu civil unrest, Xiongnu day led the king to descend to Han. The land of Cheishi was then transferred to the Han Dynasty. These five major driver battles are known as the "five drivers" in history. In the same year (60 BC) when the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, it set up a capital protector in the Western Regions, and Zheng Ji was the first capital protector. From then on, the Western regions fell into the territory of the Han Dynasty. After the Che division was handed over to Han, Han "divided the six kingdoms of Che division and the six kingdoms of Shan Bei", and divided the territory of the original Che division into eight kingdoms according to the geographical situation, of which the former Che Division country was in the southern Bogda Mountains and is now in Turpan. "Hanshu · Western Regions Biography" contains "the former state of the car division, the king of Jiaohe City (today's Jiaohe City of Turpan City), the river diversion around the city, so the number Jiaohe. to... Chang 'an It was 8,150 leagues long, seven hundred households, six thousand and fifty mouths, and a thousand eight hundred and sixty-five victorious soldiers." In the early Yuan Yuan year (48 BC), the Han Dynasty set up Lieutenant Wu Ji in the former state of Che Shi, stationed in Jiaohe City, in charge of the affairs of the Western regions. In the fourth year of Yangshuo (21 BC), Lieutenant Wu moved to Gaochangbi (now the old City of Gaochang in Turpan City). Go east Emperor Guangwu of Han In the first year of Jianwu (25 years), the former State of Che Shiqian had annexed all the states in Turpan, and Jiaohe City became the first political, economic and cultural center of Turpan.

Turpan City

Eighteen years after Yongping of the Eastern Han Dynasty (75 years), the Huns fought against the Han and besieged Che Shi, and the Huns fought repeatedly with the Han Dynasty. Lieutenant Wu was subsequently withdrawn and reinstated several times. In the second year of Yanguang (123), Ban Yong, the chief historian of the Western Regions, led 500 troops to Tunliuzhong (now Lukeqin, Shanshan County) to conquer the Che Division. He was reinstated as a lieutenant for three years (124 years).

Jin Dynasty , The former state of the car Returning to Jin, the Jin Dynasty Wu already lieutenant still located in Gaochang. After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liangzhou (now Wuwei in Gansu Province) formed a separate regime of the Zhang family. The second year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (327), Qianliang The king Zhang Jun Gao Chang was captured, and Lieutenant Wu Ji, the rebellious general, was captured Zhao Zhen , start Gochang-gun Set up a field county. It belongs to Shazhou (present-day Dunhuang, Gansu Province). Tai Yuan Yuan year (376 years), The former Qin Dynasty Fu Jian destroyed the former Liang. Gaochang County belongs to the former Qin Dynasty and belongs to Liangzhou. In the 10th year of Taiyuan (386), former Qin General Lv Guang, who was ordered to visit Kuzi (today's Kuqa) in the west, broke into the Yiwu Pass and captured it Lliangzhou , build After cooling . Gao Chang, car division before the country is after Liang. In the eighteenth year of Taiyuan (394), Lv Guang He sent his son Lu Fu to protect and defend Gao Chang for the Western Regions. In the year of Longan (397), Juqu Nancheng promoted the later LiangliangJiankang (now southwest of Jiuquan, Gansu) Taishou Duan Ye as the Grand governor, Liangzhou Mu, Jiankang Gong, and changed the Yuan Sigil Occupy Gao Chang. In the fourth year of Longan (400), Li Gao established Xiliang and set up a county in Gaochang. The former state minister belongs to the West Liang. In the eighth year of Yixi's reign (412 years), Northern Liang was founded by Drainage Mengxun.

Turpan City

Northern Wei Taichang five years (420 years), Northern Liang The main Low-lying canal Monsun Attacking the West Liang, Gao Chang changed the master of the North Liang, the former state of the car division to its vassal. Taiyan five years (439), the Northern Wei destroyed the Northern Liang, Kan Shuang Stand on your own two feet. The remnants of Beiliang ran west to Shanshan (now Ruoqiang County). In 442, under the leadership of Juqu Wuji, the remnants of the Northern Liang captured Gaochang, and in the following year, they changed to Chengping and took the title of King Liang. And the west to attack the former country. In the 11th year of Emperor Taiping (450), Wang Yiluo in the front of the chariot division invaded the West with the Wei army, leaving the son to rest and defend the country. Juqu Anzhou and Rouran allied troops besieged the former country Jiaohe city of the car division, the car division troops were defeated, and the west ran to Yanqi, the former country of the car division died. In the first year of Peace (460), Rouran destroyed Gao Chang and was conferred Kan Bozhou For the king of Gaochang, Gaochang city as the capital, established a Han local dynasty. Gaochang City became the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan.

Starting from Kan Bozhou, Turpan entered the Gaochang Kingdom period. In the fifth year of Emperor Wen's reign (481), the head of Gaocche, Avuzhiluo, appointed Zhang Mengming King of Gaochang. In the twentieth year of Taihe (496), the people of Gaochang killed Zhang Mengming and made Maju king. In the second year of Jingming (501), Maju moved inside, Gaochang old people were longing for home, and did not want to return to the east, so he killed Maju and made Qujia king. Qu's Gao Chang The kingdom had been attached to Rouran, Gaocche, and Tujue successively, and was subject to Northern Wei, Western Wei, Zhou, and Sui, and was conferred by them. The kingdom is set up as a county, county, city system, county under the township, the countryside set up.

Turpan

When the Tang Dynasty destroyed Gao Chang, Gaochang Kingdom There are Jiaohe, fields, Nanping 3 counties; Baisu, Yongan, Wuban, Yancheng, Liupo, Shichang, Lin, Xinxing, Longquan, Anchang, Jiuquan, Weishen, Hengduan 14 counties; Gaoning, Linchuan, Ningrong, Yongchang, Zhucheng, Dujin, Dongzhen 7 cities. In the thirteenth year of Zhenguan (639), Gao Chang rebelled against the Tang and invaded the Western Turks, blocking the passage to the Western regions. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (640), Tang destroyed Gaochang, which ended the 180-year history of Gaochang kingdom. Tang sent Hou Junji, the official official minister, as the chief steward of the Jiaohe Road, to lead the army to attack Gaochang. After the pacification of Gaochang, Xichang Prefecture was set up and changed to Xizhou, implementing the county (township) and Li system, with jurisdiction over five counties. Gaochang county , Liuzhong county Jiaohe County, Tianshan County (present-day Tokxun County), Puchang County (present-day Shanshan County). In the same year that Tang set up the West State, the Anxi capital was set up in Jiaohe City Qiao Shiwang For the first Anxi capital protector and West State governor. The Anxi Metropolitan Governorate had jurisdiction over 22 governorates and 118 states. In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), the Great Protector of Anxi was moved to Qiuci. In the first year of Yonghui (651), he returned to Western Zhou. Xianqing three years (658), again moved to Qiuci. West State was renamed the West State Governor's Office. In the second year of Longshuo (662), the Tubo army entered the Western Regions and began to compete with Tang for the Western Regions for a long time. In the first year of Xianheng (670), Tubo and Western Turkic forces captured 18 Western Regions, Tang abandoned the four towns of Anxi and retreated to Western Zhou. In the first year of Zchu (689), the Anxi capital was moved back to Xizhou. Tang Changshou first year (692), and moved to Qiuci. In the second year of Kaiyuan (714), the Tang Dynasty placed the Tianshan Army in the western region. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Xi Zhou was changed to Jiaohe County. In the year of Yuan Yuan (758), the original construction of Xizhou was restored. In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), Tubo and Uighur fought for Beiting (today Jimsar), and Tubo occupied Beiting. Subsequently, the West State was captured. Tubo and Uighur fought for Xizhou repeatedly for many years, and finally Uighur took control of Xizhou. Xiantong seven years (866), Beiting Uighur Fu Gujun Kexi Prefecture established the Gaochang Uighur Kingdom with Gaochang as the center, and its capital was Gaochang City. It is known as "Xizhou Uighur" or "Gaochang Uighur".

Gao Chang Uighur Successive ministers belonged to Liao, Song, Silliao .

Turpan (3 photos)

Emperor Taizu of Yuan Four years later (1209), the Gaochang Uighurs killed the "state supervisor" sent by the Western Liao to the Gaochang Uighur Kingdom and surrendered to the Mongols. The Uighur kingdom of Gaochang was known as the Uighur Kingdom, which was retained and ruled by the king. In the twentieth year of Taizu (1225), Genghis Khan conferred on his sons, and Gao Chang also maintained its original jurisdiction. In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), the Yuan Dynasty installed a magistrate in the Waghal region. In the twelfth year of the Yuan (1275), the Khan Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate and Haidu joined forces against the Yuan, led 120,000 troops, and besieged Huozhou (the former city of Gaochang) for six months. The Waghal also protect the fire Chhar's jin to send his daughter to Duwa, the rebels relieved. After that, Duwa laid siege to the Fire State. The Fire State has fallen. The jin of Hochhar returned to Hamil, and Hamil fell. Fire red Ha's Jin died in battle, his son Newlin's jin headed east to Yongchang, Gansu province. The Uighur kingdom of Gaochang exists in name only. In the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), the Yuan initially set up the Department of punishment in the Yuan Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of the Yuan (1280), he was appointed to the Department of banknote Drafting, specializing in the issue and management of Yuan banknotes. In the 18th year of the Yuan (1281), the Department of punishment was abolished. In the twentieth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1283), the Huozhou Pacatory Department was set up to take charge of military and civilian affairs. From the third to the sixth year of Da De (1299-1302), Duwa controlled the Fire Prefecture. In the tenth year of Dade (1306), Chaber, son of Haidu, surrendered to the Yuan, ending the rebellion. Huozhou was under the direct jurisdiction of the Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Shun (1330), the Yuan Dynasty restored the governor's office in Huozhou. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Turpan was divided into Liucheng, Huozhou and Turpan three departments, all of which set up the Wanhu mansion and Lu Huachi, and the name of Turpan appeared for the first time. In the seventh year (1347), the Eastern Chagatai Khanate attacked Chamto Lupan, Huozhou, Liucheng. Turpan, Huozhou and Liucheng belonged to the East Chagatai Khanate, and paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty.

Ming Orthodox thirteen years (1448), Turpan ground also mili fire annexed Huozhou, Liucheng, king. Anle City (now Anle City on the eastern outskirts of Turpan City) The political, economic and cultural center of Turpan began to take shape in present-day Turpan City. In the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), Ahema declared himself Khan in Turpan in the eastern part of the eastern Chagatai Khanate and established his capital Turpan (An Le City). In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), the Yerqiang Khanate occupied Turpan, which belonged to the Yerqiang Khanate.

Turpan City administrative zoning map

In 1678, the 17th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, The Jungar Khanate Once controlled Turpan, and fought repeatedly with the Qing Dynasty. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Zhunger attacked Turpan, Emin and Zhuo were defeated, and more than 8,000 people moved into Guazhou (today's Anxi in Gansu). In the twentieth year of Qianlong (1755), the Qing Dynasty pacified Junge, and Turpan belonged to the Qing Dynasty. In 1756, he led the army back to Lukqin (now Lukqin, Shanshan County). In the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758), the Qing Dynasty made Emin and Zhuo king of the county. Qianlong twenty-four years (1759), Qing set up exhibition (now Shanshan County) office minister and Tongzhi, scribe Gansu Chief secretary. Building six cities of Turpan: Pizhan (now Shanshan County), Turpan City (now southeast of Turpan City), Lukqin, Segengmu (now Shengjin), Ha La Hezhuo, Tokesun. Office minister in open exhibition. After the establishment of the minister, Turpan implemented Military-prefectural system In parallel with the Zasak system, the Zasak was held by the county king. Qianlong thirty-six years (1771) set up exhibition inspection. In the 44th year of Qianlong (1779), the office minister of Bizhan was changed to the chief minister of Turpan, and Tongzhi was moved to Guang 'an City (today's Old City of Turpan), and the administrative center was moved to Turpan City. In the ninth year of Tongji (1870), the Haohan Khanate Agubo occupied the cities of Turpan, Bizhan, and Toksun, and built back cities in each city. In the three years of Guangxu (1877), the Qing recovered Turpan, Pizhan, and Tokesun. In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), Xinjiang province was established. Turpan Zhili Hall Founded, the jurisdiction of today's Turpan, Shanshan, Tokesun area. In 1902, in the 28th year of Guangxu, it was changed into Shanshan County, under the Turpan Hall.

Turpan Gaochang ancient city landscape (14 photos)

During the Republic of China period, the Zasak system was abandoned. In the early years of the Republic of China, Turpan City still followed the construction of Qing Dynasty. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Turpan Zhili Hall was changed into Turpan County, which administered the scope of today's Turpan City and Toksun County. Shanshan County belongs to Dihua Road (present-day Urumqi). In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Turpan County and Shanshan County belong to Yanqi Road . In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the county office was changed to the county government, the county governor was changed to the county head, and the county was set up under the township, and the township was changed to the agricultural official. Nineteen years of the Republic of China (1930), set Torxon set up the bureau . In the twenty-second year of the Republic of China (1933), the county and district (township) system was implemented. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was set up in Toksun County. Twenty-seven years after the Republic of China (1938), the three counties of Turpan, Shanshan and Tokesun successively belonged to the Dihua Administrative Region and the Dihua Special Area. In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), the Kuomintang government implemented the township (town) and guarantee (A) system. In the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), there were 3 towns, 9 townships, 68 bao and 795 jia in Turpan County. 2 towns, 5 townships, 24 Bao, 196A, Shanshan County; Tokxun County 1 town, 3 townships, 20 Bao, 120 Jia.

In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. On September 25 and 26, the Kuomintang uprising in Xinjiang led to the peaceful liberation of Turpan, Shanshan and Tokesun counties.

In 1950, the three counties abolished the security (A) system, established the people's power, and implemented the district (township) and village system. In 1950, the three counties were divided into 12 districts and 48 townships. Turpan County jurisdiction 5, 16 townships. Shanshan County has 4 districts and 16 townships; Toksun County has 3 districts and 16 townships.

From 1950 to 1957, the three counties were subordinate to the Di Hua Special Office (later changed to the Urumqi Special Office).

In 1958, the district (township) system was changed to the community (town) and team system. From 1958 to 1969, the three counties were under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.

From 1970 to 1974, Turpan County and Toksun County were subordinate to Urumqi City. Shanshan County belongs to Hami Prefecture.

In July 1975, the former Turpan Region was established, with jurisdiction over Turpan, Shanshan and Tokesun counties, a total of 3 towns, 17 communes and 2 garden farms. Turpan County has jurisdiction over 1 town, 7 communes and 1 garden; Shanshan County has 1 town, 6 communes, 1 garden, 1 town and 4 communes under the jurisdiction of Toksun County.

In 1984, the city implemented the township (town) and village system. In December of the same year, with the approval of The State Council, Turpan County was transformed into a city. The former Turpan area had jurisdiction over Turpan City, Shanshan County and Toksun County. There are 10 towns, 15 townships, 1 ethnic township and 2 sub-district offices. Under the jurisdiction of the city of Turpan Laocheng Road office, Gaochang Road office, Qiquanhu Town, Daheyan Town, Yar Township, Aidinghu Township, Sanbao Township, Erbao Township, Vine Township, Shengjin Township, Chatekal Township. Shanshan County has jurisdiction over Shanshan Town, Lukeqin Town, Lianmuqin Town, Shanshan Railway Station Town, Qiketai Town, Dongbaza Hui Township, Bizhan Township, Dalangkan Township, Dikan Township, Tuyugou Township. Toksun County has jurisdiction over Toksun Town, Kumish Town, Kerine Town, Xia Township, Guo Lebuyi Township, Ila Lake Township, Bostan Township. ^[4]

In April 2015, The State Council approved the abolition of Turpan Prefecture and county-level Turpan City and the establishment of prefecture-level Turpan City; Gaochang District shall be established in Turpan City, and the administrative area of Turpan City at the former county level shall be the administrative area of Gaochang District; Turpan City has jurisdiction over Shanshan County, Toksun County and the newly established Gaochang District of the former Turpan region. ^[5]

Administrative division

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EDITOR

As of June 2023, Turpan Municipality has jurisdiction over 1 district and 2 counties: Gaochang District , Shanshan county , Toksun County . ^[6] City people's government resident Gaochang District Oasis East Road No. 495.

Administrative region	Government premises	Townships under the jurisdiction of
Gaochang District	Old City Road street	Laocheng Road street, Gaochang Road street, Grape Valley street, Hongliu River street, Qiquanhu Town, Daheyan Town, Yar town, Aiding Lake Town, Grape town, Flame Mountain town, Chatekaler Township, Sanbao Township, Shengjin Township
Shanshan county	Shanshan Town	Shanshan Town, Qiketai Town, Shanshan Railway Station Town, Lianmuqin Town, Lukeqin Town, Bizhan Town, Dikan Town, Dongbaza Hui Township, Tuyugou Township, Dalangkan Township
Toksun County	The town of Toxon	Toksun Town, Kumish Town, Kern Town, Arlehui town, Ila Lake Town, Xia Town, Bostan town, Gulbuyi Township

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

Turpan City, located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region In the middle, it lies between 41°12 '-43 °40' north latitude and 87°16 '-91 °55' east longitude Hami City , West, south and Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture the Hejing county , Heshuo County , Weili county , Ruoqiang County Adjoining, north of the mountains and Urumqi City and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture the Qitai county , Jimsar County , Mulei County Connect. It is about 240 kilometers wide from north to south and 300 kilometers long from east to west, with a total land area of 69,713 square kilometers (2,085 square kilometers below sea level), accounting for 4.2% of Xinjiang's total land area. Turpan is 183 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. ^[24]

Turpan City

landform

Turpan City is an east-west horizontal olive shaped mountain basin in the eastern part of the Tianshan Mountains, surrounded by mountains. The basin stretches 245 kilometers from Alashan Gully mouth in the west to Qijiaojing Canyon west mouth in the east. To the north is the foothills of Mount Bogda; South to Kurutag Mountain, about 75 km wide. Turpan Basin has experienced the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary periods of geological time, and is an ancient basin with gradual depression. Especially during the Himalayan orogeny 30 million years ago, Bogda Mountain on the northern margin of the basin rose sharply, while Kuluktag Mountain on the northern margin of the basin rose less, and the fault between the two mountains collapsed. In the end, an asymmetric basin is formed, which is high in the north and low in the south, wide in the west and narrow in the east. In the middle, the remnant veins of the Flaming Mountain and the Bortoura Mountain run across the territory, dividing the region into the south and the north. The water surface of the basin is 155 meters below the sea level, which is the lowest basin in China and the second lowest in the world after the Dead Sea of Jordan, which is 391 meters below the sea level. It is the second lowest land in the world. The topography of the ring distribution is centered on the Lake and consists of three rings. The outermost ring is made up of high mountains and snow ranges, and the Bogda Mountains lie to the north; To the south is Kurutag Mountain; To the west is the Karaoucheng Mountain; To the southeast is Mount Kumtag. The central ring of the basin is a gravel belt of Gobi which has been carried down by running water and eroded by mountain weathering for a long time. The third ring zone of the basin is the oasis plain zone. ^[8]

climate

Turpan City belongs to the typical continental warm temperate desert climate, abundant sunshine, rich heat but extremely dry, rainfall is rare and frequent wind, so it is called "fire island" and "wind library". The annual sunshine hours here are about 3000-3200 hours, about 1,000 hours more than the same latitude in eastern China, and the annual solar radiation is 139.5-150.4 kcal/square centimeter, 15-20 kcal/square centimeter more than the same latitude in North China and Northeast China, second only to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The average temperature throughout the year is 13.9℃, and the hot days above 35℃ are more than 100 days. The extreme high temperature in summer is 49.6℃, and the surface temperature is mostly above 70℃, with a record of 82.3℃. Local people are known as "baked eggs in the sand nest", "baked bread on the stone". Extreme minimum temperature in winter -28.7℃; The daily temperature difference and annual temperature difference are large, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 10℃ throughout the year is more than 5300℃, and the frost-free period is about 210 days. Due to the hot and dry climate, there is little rain here, the average annual precipitation is only 16.4 mm, and the evaporation is as high as 3000 mm or more. ^[9]

hydrology

There are 14 major rivers in Turpan City, of which 9 originate in the territory (Dahe Yanhe, Talang River, Coaliogou River, Heigou River, Chalekan River; Ertanggou, Kekoya, Kanerqi; Keerjian gully), mainly originated in the northern Tianshan Mountains; There are 5 rivers originating outside China (Baiyang River, Ala Gully, Yuer Gully, Wusong Gully, Zumutu Gully). The middle and high mountain area in the west and north of Turpan Basin is the main formation area of water resources, and the plain area has little precipitation, which has little significance for the recharge of surface water and groundwater, and is the distribution area of water resources. ^[10]

Natural resources

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EDITOR

Water resources

The total water resources of Turpan City are 1.26 billion cubic meters, of which: surface water resources are 1.06 billion cubic meters (660 million cubic meters from domestic production, 400 million cubic meters from overseas inflow), and underground water resources are 200 million cubic meters (non-repeated amount). The available water resources are 1.226 billion cubic meters, of which: surface water resources are 632 million cubic meters and groundwater resources are 594 million cubic meters. ^[10]

Plant resources

The forest area of Turpan City is 3,467,800 mu, the forest coverage rate is 3.31%, and the oasis coverage rate is 18.52%. The forest resources of the city are mainly composed of natural coniferous broad-leaved forest in the northern Tianshan Mountains, desert shrubland and plain oasis plantation in front of mountains, desert and oasis. 160,000 mu of natural coniferous broad-leaved forest in the mountain area, the main tree species are spruce, aspen, mountain willow, etc., distributed in the Tianshan Mountains in the north of Gaochang and Shanshan, is an important soil and water conservation forest and water conservation forest. Desert shrub of 2.01 million mu, the main tree species are haloxylon, ephedra, tamarisk and other shrubs, distributed in the front of mountains, deserts, oasis periphery, is the natural barrier of oasis. The plantation forest of plain oasis is 1,297,800 mu, which is divided into protection forest (mainly farmland protection forest and sand-fixing forest) and economic forest, and is the main body of oasis protection forest system. Among them, 94,800 mu of farmland protection forest and 400,000 mu of sand-fixing forest. ^[12]

Turpan has enjoyed the reputation of "the holy city of Chinese grapes" and "the world's special wine producing area" since ancient times, and is one of the important wine producing areas in China. ^[40]

Animal resources

There are nearly 30 species of state-level protected animals in Turpan City, of which the first-level protected animals are golden eagle, jade belt, sea eagle, snow leopard, white-shoulder eagle, Mengxin wild donkey, wild camel, north goat, great bustard, wave bustard, black stork, white stork; The second-class protected animals are red deer, oryx, argali, Tallwood rabbit, black bear, mountain snow chicken, goshawk, Dað« -, Kestrel, eagle horn bird, long-eared horn bird, short-eared horn bird, kite, brown tail ð« - Other animals that live in Turpan City are the house swallow, wild goose, cuckoo, swallow swallow, red-tailed shrike, grey shrike, red-necked Thrush, bird finch, moorfinch, red-lumped Caracus, Turtledove, Boot fence warbler, little white-throated warbler, black-throated rock, Turtledove, grey Turtledove, chickadee, guala chicken, great cuckoo, short-toed sand lark, Crested lark, osprey, crow, magpie, wild duck, sparrowhawk, wild pigeon, pecker Wood bird, sparrow, wild boar, Wolf, sand fox, red fox, marmot, big-eared hedgehog, late brown bat, pipistrella, ring necked pheasant, tiger weasel, lizard, etc. ^[13]

Mineral resources

Located in the famous East Tianshan metallogenic belt, Turpan City has superior metallogenic conditions, large prospecting potential, complete mineral types, good supporting facilities, obvious resource advantages, large proved reserves of resources, good quality, concentrated distribution, and good development conditions, which are conducive to large-scale development and utilization. Sixty-eight kinds of minerals (including subspecies) have been discovered, accounting for 49.2% of 138 kinds of minerals discovered in the autonomous region and 39.7% of 171 kinds discovered in China, including 4 kinds of energy minerals, 18 kinds of metal minerals, 40 kinds of non-metal minerals and 3 kinds of water and gas minerals. More than 400 mining areas were found, of which 146 were of a certain scale, of which 6 were super large, 13 were large, 47 were medium and 80 were small. Coal, oil, natural gas, gold, iron, copper, glauberite, granite, saltpeter, bentonite and other mineral resources have large reserves and great development potential. Coal, oil and natural gas are at the forefront of the whole autonomous region in the identified reserves of mineral resources. The reserves of potassium saltpeter, sodium saltpeter and smectite rank first in China. The reserves of granite resources for decoration rank first in the whole autonomous region, and the bentonite ranks second in the whole autonomous region. ^[11]

population

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EDITOR

According to the seventh census data, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Turpan was 693,988. ^[22]

By the end of 2023, Turpan has a permanent population of 693,400, among which 353,300 are urban residents. The urbanization rate is 50.95%. The annual birth rate is 6.79‰. The mortality rate was 6.21 per thousand. The natural growth rate is 0.58‰. ^[42]

Change of Permanent Population in Turpan City (2018-2023)

Reference sources: ^[25] ^{[39] 35 -} ^[42]

There are 27 ethnic groups living in Turpan, including Uyghur, Han, Hui, Kazak, Mongolian, Xibe, Russian, Manchu, Uzbek, Tajik, Buyei, Dong, Lisu, Gaoshan, Naxi, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Korean, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Dongxiang, Tu, Qiang and Yugur. ^[14]

political

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EDITOR

Current leader

job	name
Party secretary	Ma Xueliang
Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Mayor	Keisel Keyumu
Chairman of the Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee	Maimeti Shawuti
Chairman of the Municipal CPPCC	Wang Fuzhi
Statistics as of May 2024, reference sources ^[15] ^[27] ^[31] ^[33-34] ^[41]

Sister city

Chaohu City, Anhui Province	Dalian, Liaoning Province	Yantai City, Shandong Province	Liaocheng City, Shandong Province	Weifang City, Shandong Province	Huairou District, Beijing	Daxing District, Beijing	Xuanwu District, Beijing
Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province	Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province	Handan, Hebei Province	Maanshan City, Anhui Province	Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province	Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province	Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province	Deyang City, Sichuan Province
Hengyang City, Hunan Province	Changsha, Hunan Province	Yueyang City, Hunan Province	Changning District, Shanghai	Xuhui District, Shanghai	Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province	Huizhou City, Guangdong Province	-

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

In 2023, according to the unified accounting of regional GDP, Turpan City achieved a regional GDP of 58.811 billion yuan, calculated at constant prices, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 8.013 billion yuan, up by 5.5%; The added value of the secondary industry was 31.78 billion yuan, up by 13.5%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 19.018 billion yuan, up by 5.2%. The third industrial structure was adjusted from 14.6:52.8:32.6 in the previous year to 13.6:54.4:32.3. The annual per capita GDP was 84,919 yuan. ^[42]

Gross regional Product and growth rate 2019-2023

The value added of the three industries accounted for the proportion of regional GDP in 2019-2023

By the end of 2023, 7,333 new urban jobs had been created in Turpan. 457 people who had difficulty finding jobs found jobs. The number of registered unemployed in urban areas was 1,465. A total of 3,106 unemployed people were re-employed, and 70,300 wealthy rural workers were transferred to other jobs. ^[42]

In 2023, the consumer price (CPI) of Turpan City increased by 0.3% over the previous year. Food prices fell 1.4 percent; Prices for services rose 1.5 percent. ^[42]

In 2023, investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) in Turpan City increased by 21.0% over the previous year. Of the fixed asset investment, the investment in the primary industry fell by 71.5 percent. Investment in the secondary industry grew by 35.4%, of which industrial investment grew by 37.1%; Investment in the tertiary sector fell 28.8 per cent. Private investment in fixed assets grew by 27.3%, infrastructure investment fell by 51.8%, and investment in the social sector fell by 21.0%.

The growth rate of fixed asset investment and the proportion of investment in three industries in 2019-2023^[42]

In 2023, the investment in real estate development in Turpan was 1.488 billion yuan, an increase of 19.8% over the previous year. Of this total, the investment in residential housing was 1.093 billion yuan, up by 17.7 percent; Office building investment was 0.05 million yuan, down 24.4%; The investment in commercial premises was 307 million yuan, up by 10.2%.

In 2023, the construction area of houses in Turpan City was 4,054,100 square meters, an increase of 11.3%, of which the residential area was 2,576,900 square meters, an increase of 19.3%. The completed area of housing was 405,100 square meters, an increase of 2.0 times, of which the completed area of housing was 349,900 square meters, an increase of 10.4 times. The sales area of commercial housing was 311,300 square meters, an increase of 55.2%. ^[42]

In 2023, Turpan's general public budget revenue was 6.82 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8% over the previous year. Of this total, the tax revenue reached 3.982 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1%. Revenue from value-added tax was 1.464 billion yuan, up 7.2%; Corporate income tax revenue was 758 million yuan, down 17.8%; Individual income tax revenue was 124 million yuan, down 2.5%; Revenue from resource taxes reached 310 million yuan, down 27.4 percent. Non-tax revenue was 2.839 billion yuan, up 28.5%.

In 2023, the general public budget expenditure of Turpan is 11.966 billion yuan, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year. This figure includes 1.418 billion yuan for general public services, down 5.4%; 2.398 billion yuan for education, up 7.7%; 239 million yuan for culture, tourism, sports and media, up 41.4 percent; 1.161 billion yuan for social security and employment, up 8.7%; 1.323 billion yuan for health care, down 3.8%; Spending on energy conservation and environmental protection reached 177 million yuan, up 50.1%; The expenditure for urban and rural communities was 653 million yuan, down 14.9%. ^[42]

Primary industry

In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Turpan will reach 13.094 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year (calculated at comparable prices, the same below). Of this total, the output value of agriculture was 11.090 billion yuan, up by 5.9%; The output value of animal husbandry was 1.306 billion yuan, up by 7.4%; The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery professional and auxiliary activities was 650 million yuan, up 9.3%.

In 2023, the area of crop seeding (including reseeding and interplanting) in Turpan City was 100.78 million mu, down 5.5% year-on-year. Among them, the grain planting area was 99,000 mu, an increase of 25.3 percent; Cotton planting area was 102,500 mu, an increase of 3.5%; The planting area of melons and fruits was 290,900 mu, down 17.5%; The cultivated area of cumin reached 13,100 mu, an increase of 1.3 times.

In 2023, the planting area of forest fruit in Turpan City was 764,200 mu, down 0.8%, among which the planting area of grape was 632,800 mu, up 16.8%.

In 2023, the grain output of Turpan was 38,500 tons, an increase of 17.0 percent over the previous year; 11,800 tons of cotton, an increase of 7.1%; Melons and fruits 785,100 tons, down 6.8%; Cumin was 0.1,200 tons, an increase of 1.4 times.

In 2023, the output of characteristic forest fruits in Turpan City is 1.6484 million tons, an increase of 13.8%, among which, 1.57732 million tons of grapes, an increase of 17.3%; 52,900 tons of apricots, down 36.0%; Red dates were 22,300 tons, down 10.4%. ^[42]

Grape production and growth rate from 2019 to 2023

In 2023, meat production in Turpan was 230,000 tons, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year. Among them, the production of mutton was 10 million tons, an increase of 4.5%; Beef output was 18,900 tons, an increase of 11.0 percent. The output of poultry eggs was 0.07,000 tons, down 13.2%; The output of dairy products was 40,100 tons, an increase of 4.3 percent. At the end of the year, the stock of livestock and poultry was 1,0125 million, down 3.2% from the end of the previous year. A total of 1.0760 million livestock and poultry were raised, an increase of 4.8% over the end of the previous year.

By the end of 2023, the total power of agricultural machinery in Turpan City was 675,300 kilowatts, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year. Owned 1,786 small tractors, down 40.0%; 2,955 medium-sized tractors, down 1.3%; There were 218 large and above tractors, an increase of 17.2%. At the end of the year, the city's fertilizer application amount (reduced) was 23,300 tons, an increase of 4.0%. ^[42]

Secondary industry

In 2023, the total industrial added value is 28.421 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 16.9%. Among industries above designated size, by economic type, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.6 percent, enterprises invested by foreign investors and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises decreased by 2.8 percent, and privately held enterprises increased by 29.1 percent. In terms of size, large enterprises grew by 20.3%, medium-sized enterprises by 21.5%, and small and micro enterprises by 8.6%. The light industry grew by 33.7 percent and the heavy industry by 16.7 percent. By category, mining grew 8.2 percent, manufacturing 24.6 percent, and the production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water 23.6 percent.

Total industrial added value and growth rate in 2019-2023

In 2023, among the ten major industries above designated size in Turpan City, the added value of coal mining and washing industry increased by 15.6% over the previous year, the manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products increased by 23.1%, the production and supply of electricity and heat increased by 22.1%, and the oil and gas mining industry increased by 2.6%. Non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry increased by 27.1%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 54.1%, petroleum, coal and other fuel processing industry decreased by 12.9%, mining professional and auxiliary activities decreased by 8.2%, non-ferrous metal mining and selection industry decreased by 13.0%, gas production and supply industry increased by 50.3%.

The proportion of the added value of the ten major industries in the added value of the industries above designated size

Production table of major industrial products in 2023
Product name	Unit of measurement	Absolute number	Increase or decrease of (±) % over the previous year
Raw coal	Ten thousand tons	2005.34	18.8
Raw oil	Ten thousand tons	142.00	2.2
Natural gas	Million cubic meters	3.00	fair
Synthetic rubber	Ten thousand tons	40.03	71.8
wine	kiloliter	1139	31.1
yarn	Ten thousand tons	3.34	41.9
coke	Ten thousand tons	274.24	8.2
Polyvinyl chloride resin	Ten thousand tons	88.79	0.8
flint	Ten thousand tons	208.84	2.2
Water mud	Ten thousand tons	279.91	83.1
Yellow gold	kilogram	206	11.3
silicon	Ten thousand tons	82.21	62.8
Generating capacity	gigawatt-hour	249.66	11.4
pyroelectricity	gigawatt-hour	186.16	15.1
Wind power	gigawatt-hour	44.73	2.5
Solar energy	gigawatt-hour	18.33	14.3

In 2023, the operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size in Turpan reached 78.86 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year. The cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 83 yuan, 8 yuan more than in the previous year. The average number of employees was 36,700, an increase of 10.2 percent over the previous year. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 69.0%, an increase of 3.3 percentage points over the end of the previous year.

In 2023, the added value of the construction industry in Turpan was 4.279 billion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year. The city's 36 qualified general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises achieved a total output value of 3.401 billion yuan, an increase of 19.4% over the previous year. The construction area of houses constructed by construction enterprises was 273,400 square meters, down 51.4 percent; The output value of completed housing was 1.807 billion yuan, up 29.6 percent. ^[42]

Tertiary industry

Service industry

In 2023, the added value of the tertiary industry in Turpan was 19.018 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of wholesale and retail trade was 1.045 billion yuan, up by 13.1%; The value added of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 3.445 billion yuan, up by 11.2%; The added value of the accommodation and catering industry was 533 million yuan, up by 23.2%; The added value of the financial industry was 1.415 billion yuan, up by 5.1%; The added value of the real estate industry was 1.425 billion yuan, up by 3.7%; The added value of other service industries was 9.838 billion yuan, up by 2.4%. The operating income of service enterprises above designated size was 6.47 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year.

In 2023, Turpan completed the total business of the postal industry of 131 million yuan, an increase of 39.2% over the previous year, and the postal industry completed 41,300 postal letters and 0.9300 parcels in the year. The express business volume was 4.9976 million, and the revenue of express business was 82.67 million yuan.

By the end of 2023, the total number of telephone users in Turpan is 884,500, among which there are 722,300 mobile phone users, and the penetration rate of mobile phones is 104.30 units per 100 people. There were 363,400 fixed Internet broadband users and 580,400 mobile Internet users. ^[42]

Domestic trade and foreign economy

In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Turpan reached 7.222 billion yuan, an increase of 16.3% over the previous year. Among the retail sales of commodities above designated size, that of grain, oil and food increased by 8.4% over the previous year, that of beverages decreased by 8.9%, that of tobacco and alcohol decreased by 15.8%, that of clothing, shoes and hats, textiles and needles increased by 1.2 times, that of cosmetics decreased by 25.3%, that of daily necessities increased by 27.8%, and that of books, newspapers and magazines increased by 14.8%. Household appliances and audio and video equipment fell by 45.2 percent, Chinese and Western medicine increased by 16.3 percent, and automobiles increased by 16.9 percent.

In 2023, the total import and export volume of goods in Turpan was 69.79 million US dollars, an increase of 89.5% over the previous year. Among them, the total export volume was 69.12 million US dollars, an increase of 2.4 times; Imports totaled $670,000, down 95.9%. ^[42]

Finance and insurance

By the end of 2023, the deposit balance of local and foreign currencies of financial institutions in Turpan was 39.95 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1% over the previous year. Of this total, household deposits reached 25.039 billion yuan, up 8.6%, and non-financial enterprise deposits reached 6.862 billion yuan, down 3.8%.

By the end of 2023, the balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions in Turpan was 35.933 billion yuan, an increase of 14.9% over the previous year. Of this total, loans to households reached 7.695 billion yuan, up by 20.0%, and loans to non-financial enterprises and institutions and organizations reached 28.238 billion yuan, up by 13.5%.

In 2023, the premium income of insurance companies in Turpan was 1.178 billion yuan, an increase of 0.1% over the previous year. Among them, life insurance premium income of 548 million yuan, property insurance premium income of 329 million yuan, health insurance and accident insurance income of 300 million yuan. The annual expenditure on various insurance claims and payments was 526 million yuan, an increase of 25.0% over the previous year. Among them, the property insurance indemnity was 235 million yuan, the life insurance indemnity was 132 million yuan, and the health and accident insurance indemnity and payment were 159 million yuan. ^[42]

tourism

In 2023, there will be 41 A-level scenic spots in Turpan, including 1 5A, 9 4A, 18 3A and 13 2A. 31 star hotels. There are 22 travel agencies. Star farm music 60. It received 26.2817 million tourists from home and abroad, an increase of 1.3 times over the previous year. Among them, the number of domestic tourists was 26.2622 million, an increase of 1.3 times; There were 19,500 international visitors. The annual tourism revenue reached 20.281 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2 times. ^[42]

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Educational cause

In 2023, there will be 141 schools of all kinds in Turpan (excluding kindergartens, the same below), enrolling 30,400 students, 127,200 students and 27,500 graduates. Among them, there is a higher vocational school with an enrollment of 0.2,800, with 0.6,600 students and 0.1,800 graduates. There are 2 secondary vocational schools (including technical secondary schools and vocational high schools), with an enrollment of 0.21 million, 40,500 students and 0.13 million graduates; There are 7 ordinary high schools, with an enrollment of 0.54 million students, 14,700 students and 0.39 million graduates. There are 32 junior middle schools, with an enrollment of 0.9900, 31,700 students and 0.9800 graduates. There are 97 primary schools with an enrollment of 10,200 students, with 69,600 students and 10,600 graduates. There is one special education school with 132 students.

By the end of 2023, Turpan had 177 kindergartens, with 24,700 children in them. ^[42]

Science and technology

In 2023, there will be 25 new science and technology projects in Turpan, including 2 major science and technology projects, 21 key research and development projects, and 2 demonstration projects for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. By the end of the year, it had 7 research and technology development institutions belonging to departments above the county level, 4 listed engineering technology research centers, 30 high-tech enterprises, 1 high-tech industrial park, 5 productivity promotion centers, 7 star innovation world and 7 mass innovation Spaces. ^[42]

Cultural undertaking

By the end of 2023, the cultural system of Turpan City has 3 art performance groups, 4 cultural centers, 32 cultural stations, 4 public libraries, 2 museums and 4 archives. At the end of the year, there were 9 FM TV transmission stations in the city. The city's comprehensive population coverage of radio 98.72%, the comprehensive population coverage of television 98.72%.

In 2023, Turpan has 13 state-level cultural relics under protection, 56 autonomous region-level cultural relics under protection, and about 297 county-level cultural relics under protection. ^[42]

Medical and health care

By the end of 2023, Turpan has a total of 420 medical and health institutions, including 15 hospitals, 28 township health centers, 4 disease prevention and control centers, 4 maternal and child health care centers (stations), 145 out-patient departments, clinics, health offices and infirmaries, and 180 village clinics. By the end of the year, there were 4,832 health technicians, including 1,425 medical practitioners, 254 assistant medical practitioners and 2,151 registered nurses. There are 4,328 beds in medical and health institutions, including 2,716 in hospitals and 1,400 in township health centers. ^[42]

Sports cause

In 2023, the athletes of Turpan won 13 champions, 20 runners-up and 23 third runners-up in the annual competitions of the autonomous region. 1 athlete who meets the standard of national Level I and 11 athletes who meet the standard of National Level II. ^[42]

Social security

Per capita disposable income of urban residents and its growth rate in 2019-2023

Per capita disposable income of rural residents and its growth rate in 2019-2023

In 2023, the per capita disposable income of Turpan residents is 28,695 yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year, and a real increase of 7.3% after deducting price factors. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 40,762 yuan, an increase of 6.3 percent over the previous year, or 6.0 percent in real terms after deducting price factors. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,676 yuan, an increase of 8.7 percent over the previous year, or 8.4 percent in real terms after deducting price factors.

In 2023, the per capita consumption expenditure of Turpan residents will reach 18,253 yuan, an increase of 8.8%. The per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 24,705 yuan, an increase of 9.6%; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 13,430 yuan, an increase of 6.9%. The Engel coefficient of urban households was 31.9%, of which, the Engel coefficient of urban households was 28.9% and that of rural households was 36.1%.

By the end of 2023, the number of people participating in the basic pension insurance for urban workers in Turpan was 151,200, an increase of 0.1,600 over the end of the previous year. The number of people participating in basic old-age insurance for non-working urban and rural residents was 264,300, a decrease of 16,000. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance was 582,200, a decrease of 0.800 million. Among them, the number of employees participating in basic medical insurance was 120,900, an increase of 50,800; The number of people participating in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 461,400, a decrease of 13,800. The number of people covered by unemployment insurance was 83,900, an increase of 0.02 million. The number of people covered by work-related injury insurance was 117,400, an increase of 19,500. The number of people covered by maternity insurance was 90,600, an increase of 0.62 million.

By the end of 2023, a total of 1,620 people in Turpan City enjoyed the urban minimum living allowance, 20,738 people enjoyed the rural minimum living allowance, 369 people enjoyed the assistance and support of the rural poor, and 801 people were provided temporary assistance throughout the year.

By the end of 2023, there are 11 social service institutions providing accommodation in Turpan, with 721 beds. Annual sales of welfare lottery tickets amounted to 212 million yuan. ^[42]

transportation

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EDITOR

In 2023, the volume of cargo transport in Turpan was 14.1817 million tons, an increase of 10.1% over the previous year. The turnover of cargo transport was 1.966 billion tonne-kilometers, an increase of 6.4%.

In 2023, the total number of passengers transported in Turpan was 1.8582 million, an increase of 35.7% over the previous year. The passenger transport turnover was 262 million person-kilometers, an increase of 3.9 times.

By the end of 2023, the number of motor vehicles in Turpan City was 169,200 (including three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 7.5% over the previous year. Among them, the number of cars was 130,500, an increase of 7.4%. Among all types of vehicles, the number of personal cars was 102,400 (including three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 9.4%. ^[42]

History and culture

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EDITOR

summarize

Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road, with more than 4,000 years of cultural accumulation, and was once one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Western regions. More than 200 cultural sites have been discovered, and more than 40,000 cultural relics have been unearthed from prehistoric times to modern times. From the unearthed cultural relics, at least 18 ancient scripts and 25 languages have been used in Turpan, and a large number of cultural relics and historical facts prove that Turpan is the blending point of the four major cultural systems of Chinese culture, Indian culture, Greek culture and Islamic culture, and the seven major religions of Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Nestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam with far-reaching influence in the world.

Folk custom

Grape Festival

Grapes in Turpan

On June 9, 1990, the Organizing committee of the Turpan Grape Festival held its first press conference in the Turpan Hall of the People's Hall of the Autonomous Region: Since 1990, the Turpan Grape Festival of China Silk Road has been held in Turpan every year on August 20. ^[16]

Custom taboo

Ethnic minority compatriots in Turpan mostly believe in Islam and do not eat pork, lard or any food made with pork and lard. Do not eat animals slaughtered without chanting, do not eat livestock and poultry that have died of disease, do not eat the blood of any animal, and do not eat the meat of cats, dogs, donkeys, mules and other animals.

You are not allowed to throw food away. It is forbidden to spit, fart, blow your nose, yawn, etc. during meals and conversations.

ART

Turpan Muqam is known as one of the ancient sources of the twelve muqam in Xinjiang, and the central area of circulation is Shanshan (a country in Shanxi Province) internal Lukqun . Lukqin is the seat of Turpan County Palace, which was once the political, economic and cultural center of Turpan City in history, and Turpan Muqam is emerging and developing and spreading here. The lyrics of "Tufan Muqam" are composed of classical poetry and folk ballads, which have two styles of language, and also use long, polysyllabic "Ezel" metrical poems. "Turpan Muqam" is an ancient and traditional art in Turpan, which has been published and won the national award.

Scenic spot

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EDITOR

Turpan is rich in tourism cultural relics. By the end of 2022, the city had 13 state-level cultural relics under protection, 56 autonomous region-level cultural relics under protection, and about 291 county-level cultural relics under protection. There are 39 A-level scenic spots, including 1 5A level, 8 4A level and 16 3A level. ^[25]

Ancient tombs of Astana

Ancient tombs of Astana It is about 40 kilometers away from Turpan City. It is a public cemetery for the urban and rural officials of the ancient Gaochang Kingdom, with a length of 5 kilometers from east to west and a width of 2 kilometers from north to south. Burials are divided according to family caste, with natural gravel as the boundary and delimited clearly.

Turpan City

The Astana tomb is shaped like a sloping tomb. The plane shape of the tomb is like "a". In front of the tomb, is a more than 10 meters long slope tomb passage, the tomb passage at the end of the tomb chamber, is the place where the dead rest, the tomb chamber is generally more than 2 meters high, 4 meters square size, the tomb chamber top is flat or fornik-shaped. In the tomb unearthed documents, epitaphs, paintings, clay figurines, pottery, wood, gold, stone and other artifacts as well as ancient coins and silk, cotton and wool fabrics and other precious cultural relics tens of thousands of pieces, especially precious is the mummies unearthed here, that is, Chinese mummies, can be comparable to Egypt.

The ancient tombs of Astana are mainly for Han Chinese, and there are also driver , Tujue, a nationality in ancient China , Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in China , High car And Zhaowu nine ethnic minority residents.

Turpan Museum

Turpan City

Turpan Museum Located in Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the most prosperous Gaochang Road west, built in 1989, covers an area of 9 acres, by the main museum and Giant rhinoceros The exhibition hall consists of two parts, with a total construction area of 2000 square meters. Turpan Museum has a collection of 3287 pieces, including 135 first-class national cultural relics, 260 second-class cultural relics and 640 third-class cultural relics, which is the largest museum in Dizhou City, Xinjiang.

Turpan unearthed cultural relics exhibition Hall exhibited nearly 300 cultural relics, of which 28 national first-class cultural relics. The world-famous unearthed documents in Turpan include contracts, accounts, government documents, private letters, etc. These cultural relics are important materials for the study of the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. Sogdian, Huilidian, Sanskrit and other ancient minority documents are valuable materials for the study of the ancient minority characters. ^[17]

Shashan Park

Shashan Park Located in Peizhan Township, Shanshan County, close to Shanshan County to the north, with an average elevation of 300 meters, Shashan Park is a park built on the special geological environment of the oasis contact zone on the northern margin of Kumutage Desert. The park is divided into two parts, north and south, and is divided by a slow flow that runs east-west across the edge of Sand Mountain. The north covers an area of 500 mu, and the east side is the water activity area, cultural and entertainment area, children's activity area, flower viewing area and vineyard. The west side is a lawn area and a botanical garden. The southern region is desert, with desert activity area, sand therapy area and desert plant area. ^[18]

Gaochang ancient city

The Kumtag Desert

Gaochang ancient city It is located near the site of Flame Mountain Township, about 46 kilometers south east of Turpan City. Gaochang went through the changes of Gaochang County, Gaochang Kingdom, Xizhou, Uighur Gaochang, and Huozhou for more than 1,300 years, and was destroyed in the 14th century. In 1961, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

Jiaohe Old City

The old city of Jiaohe is located Turpan City About 13 kilometers west of Yar Township. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was the capital of the former State of Che Shi. Jiaohe County under the jurisdiction of West State in Tang Dynasty. The highest military and political agency of the Tang Dynasty dispatched to the Western regions, "Anxidu Protection Office", was once located here. Move to Qiuci (a county in ancient China) (now Kuqa County). In the sixth century, the Qu Dynasty established Jiaohe County here. Jiaohe city has unearthed a lot of cultural relics, such as lotus tiles in the Tang Dynasty, lotus sutras and so on. ^[18]

Aydingsee

Aydingsee for Turpan Basin "Basin bottom son", south of Turpan City about 40 kilometers. The lake basin is about 40 kilometers long from east to west, 8 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of about 152 square kilometers. The lake is 154.43 meters below the Yellow Sea level, second only to Jordan the Dead Sea (-392 m), known as the second lowest land in the world. ^[19]

The Mountain of Flames

The Mountain of Flames Located 10 kilometers northeast of Turpan City, it runs east-west, 98 kilometers long, 9 kilometers wide, and its main peak is 831.7 meters above sea level. " Journey to the West There is... in... Sun Wukong Three borrow the banana fan to extinguish the fire of the fire Mountain story, making the fire Mountain famous all over the world.

Due to the rupture of the crust and the cutting of the river, there are many gullies left in the belly of the mountain, mainly Taoer gully, Mugou, Tuyu gully, Linmu Qin gully, Subo Gully and so on. ^[19]

Turpan County Palace

Turpan County Palace Grape township in the eastern suburbs of Turpan City The village of Munar It is 2 kilometers away from the city of Turpan, adjacent to the national key cultural relics protection unit - Su Gong Pagoda. According to historical research, Turpan County King's Mansion was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of 300 years, and is the king of Turpan County Emin and Zhuo It was also the center of political, economic, cultural and military command in Turpan during the Qing Dynasty. ^[16]

The Thousand Buddha Cave of Perzi Creek

Located in the middle of the Fire Mountain 45 kilometers east of Turpan City, on the cliff of the west bank of the Mugou River Valley, only 15 kilometers away from the ancient city of Gaochang in the south, it is one of the largest famous Buddhist grotto temple sites in Xinjiang. ^[17]

Tuyu Ditch

Tuyu Ditch It is located in Shanshan County, Turpan, Xinjiang, about 55 kilometers east of Turpan City. This was once a place of Buddhism and Islam The Holy Land. ^[18]

Other tourist attractions

Jiaohe Old City	Turpan Karez Folk Garden	The Kumtag Desert	Buddhist pagoda
Ancient tombs of Astana	Su Gong Pagoda Temple	The Desert Soil Art Museum	Yar Lake thousand Buddha Cave
Sacred spring	Panjir Monster Stone Forest	Sand spa	Shashan Park
Yar Lake ancient tombs	Pershha Thousand Buddha Cave	It belongs to the beacon tower of the Tang Dynasty	Turpan Museum
Thousand Buddha Caves in Shengjinkou	Chigiltag Mountain rock paintings	Che Shi Ancient Road	-

Honorary title

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EDITOR

On October 27, 2017, Turpan was granted the title of "2017 National Garden City" by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China ^{[30] 29 -} .

On December 24, 2017, Turpan was listed among the 2017 Top 200 Charming Cities with Chinese Characteristics. ^[20]

In October 2020, it was awarded the national Double support Model City. ^[21]

In October 2021, it was selected into the list of the second batch of national culture and tourism consumption pilot cities. ^[26]

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