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Western Europe

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Europe Western Europe refers to the western half of Europe, with an area of about 5 million Square kilometer It accounts for about half of Europe's total. Traditionally, the district can be divided into Western Europe , Central Europe , Nordic , Southern Europe Four parts. The district is located in Eurasia The West, Atlantic On the east coast, most of them are located between 35° and 60° north latitude The north temperate zone .

Western Europe, in its narrow sense, includes the United Kingdom, Ireland , Netherlands , Belgium , Luxembourg , France and Monaco .

Broadly speaking, Western Europe, the seven countries mentioned above plus Central Europe Of Germany, Austria , Switzerland , Liechtenstein . Southern Europe the Italy , SAN Marino , the Vatican, Spain , Portugal , Andorra , Malta , Greece . Nordic the Denmark , Norse , Sweden , Finland and Iceland .

Chinese name: Western Europe
Foreign name: Western Europe
alias: Western Europe

Subordinate region: Europe
Area product: 5000000 km²
Climatic condition: Temperate maritime climate , Temperate continental climate , Mediterranean climate , Tundra climate , alpine plateau climate

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EDITOR

The terrain is mainly plain and mountain. Mountains are mainly distributed in Britain Northwest hoa France Southeast. It has the busiest sea lanes in the world English Channel and Rhine , Seine , Loire , The Thames Wait for the river.

Majority region Temperate maritime climate , be located in westerlies The climate is mild and humid, with abundant and even precipitation. It lives deeply in inland areas Temperate continental climate A small part of the southern region has a Mediterranean climate.

Is the earliest development of modern science and technology in the region, also World economy One of the most developed regions, with developed industry, agriculture and foreign trade. There's coal, oil, natural gas, iron, sylvite And other minerals.

Major seaports London , Liverpool (English), Marseille , Brussels , Rotterdam , Amsterdam Let's wait. There's London, Paris, Rotterdam, Antwerp Brussels, Marseille and other famous cities. In addition to Monaco In addition, the other six countries are European Economic community Member states. generalized Western Europe european-owned Capitalist country . Located in western, central and northern Europe. The biggest in Europe Alps Across the south, its main body extends to the east The Carpathian Mountains It extends to the southeast as the Stenalic Alps and to the south as the The Apennine Mountains , extending southwest to The Pyrenees Mountains . north Scandinavia There are Mountains of Scandinavia . The central part is mainly distributed in the plain. Minami Hoa Iceland more Volcanic earthquake .

Mediterranean littoral subtropics Dry summer and wet winter climate, most of the rest of the region Temperate humid climate . There are coal, iron, oil and other mineral deposits. Most of the countries are developed capitalist countries, industry, agriculture, foreign trade and transportation Are very developed.

Geography

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Western landform

A. The plain is mainly, the terrain is low and flat, and the proportion of the plain is large Central European plain , Western European plain ; The northern and southern mountains are widely distributed, with the Scandinavian Mountains in the north and the south Alps . Mont Blanc At 4,810 meters, it is the highest mountain in Western Europe.

2. Glacial action obvious

North: glaciated, fjords, Moraine lake The coastline twists and turns. In order to Scandinavia The most typical.

South: Eroded by glaciers, more U-shaped valley , horn , cirque , moraine Lakes, the accumulation of moraines to form undulating hills. The Alps are the most typical.

Topographic map of Western Europe

position

A. World position: The Eastern Hemisphere Northwest, Eurasia West. Approach in the west Atlantic , the north face The Arctic Ocean , south of Mediterranean , The Black Sea .

⒉ Latitude position: located 35 north latitude Degrees -- between 82 north latitude, mostly located The north temperate zone , a few are located The north frigid zone .

It is located in the western half of Europe, with an area of about 5 million square kilometers, accounting for about half of Europe.

Regional component

Many peninsulas, islands, seas, bay

Peninsula: 1. Scandinavia 2. The Iberian Peninsula 3. Apennine Peninsula 4. Balkan Peninsula 5. Jutland

Islands: 1. Great Britain 2. Ireland 3. Iceland

Map of Western Europe

Inland sea: 1. Baltic Sea 2. Mediterranean Sea 3. Black Sea 4. Aegean Sea 5. Adriatic Sea

Marginal sea: 1. Beihai 2. The Norwegian Sea

Bay: 1. The Bay of Biscay 2. Gulf of Bothnia

Straits: 1, English Channel 2, Gibraltar Strait 3, Denmark Strait 4. The Strait of Dover

Plain: 1. Western European plain 3. Plain of the Lower Danube

Mountain ranges: 1, Alps 2, Apennines 3, Pyrenees 4, Scandinavian Mountains

Main rivers: 1. Danube 2. Rhine River

Hydrological characteristics

1. River network Dense, large water, less long river. (Limited by the contours of the continent and mountains)

2, smooth (slow) water flow, water energy reserves Small. (Due to the flat interior of the continent)

3, the seasonal change of flow is small, the shipping value is large, and the water transport is developed.

4. Lakes are mostly located in the northwest and on the north and south sides of the Alps. Finland It is known as the "land of a thousand lakes".

race

Predominantly Caucasian. Predominantly Caucasian Distribution area . world Densely populated area One of them. world Natural rate of population growth At the very least, some countries have negative growth.

climate

Map of climate types in Western Europe

Most of them are in the northern temperate zone, and a few of them are in the northern cold zone, which is deeply influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and has prominent maritime characteristics because of its Geographical position The special, while owning Cold zone climate , temperate continental, Marine climate and Mediterranean climate . This is due to the shape of the contours of the sea and land The North Atlantic Current Deep, maritime climate extends all the way to Arctic Circle Nearby.

trait

Climate mild winters, cool summers, The temperature varies from year to year and Daily range It's smaller. There is more precipitation and even seasonal distribution. The annual temperature range increases from west to east, precipitation In general, Western Europe became increasingly continental from west to east.

Marine impact

Located in the mid-latitude westerlies

Low and flat terrain

There are few north-south mountains to block the westerly winds

Close to the sea

The North Atlantic Current Increase temperature and humidity

Climatic effect

Located at 43°N ~ 58°N, it is a westerly wind belt with cool summer and warm winter

Views of Western Europe

Ocean regulation, warm current influence

The most significant winter temperature in the world Positive deviation "Zone

Rain all year round: the west wind blows

Autumn and winter rainfall is especially due to the warm and humid coastal areas of Western Europe Marine air mass continental Cold air mass Rendezvous in this area. Bring it Convective rain .

Major factors affecting rainfall distribution: Mountain ranges Windward slope , Lee slope .

The five climate types are mainly Temperate continental climate , Temperate maritime climate , Mediterranean climate ; less Tundra climate , Plateau climate .

economy

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EDITOR

More than 30 countries, many countries, the area is not large, including the smallest country in the world - the Vatican, less than 0.5 Square kilometer It has a population of only 798. There are also some small areas such as: SAN Marino , Liechtenstein , Andorra Monaco, etc., called" Pocket state ". Small territorial area, difficult to develop farming operations, but pay attention to the development of tourism, but also pay attention to the production of high, fine, sharp High-tech products and handicrafts To increase State revenue . These countries have some of the highest per capita incomes in the world. In addition to tourism, Liechtenstein and SAN Marino are both famous for their stamp industry.

Farming and animal husbandry

The plain terrain is suitable for development Animal husbandry And farming. On account of Temperate maritime climate Warm and humid, Western Europe suitable Succulent grass To grow, Dairy farming Developed. Most local development Mixed agriculture The cultivation of wheat and the development of dairy industry at the same time, the formation of complementary. France is an agricultural country in Western Europe.

industry

Industrial status: Western Europe is Industrial revolution It is also one of the most industrialized regions in the world.

Industrial characteristics: Western Europe's industry is dominated by manufacturing. (Manufacturing refers to the processing of raw materials into a variety of products.)

Industrial distribution characteristics: This area Industrial center Many, densely distributed. From England to Poland Within the territory, from Scandinavia to Italy Formed the world famous "+" shape industrial dense area.

Main industrial area: France Paris basin Industrial area; Germany Ruhr Industrial zone ; England Central industrial zone; London Regional industrial area.

Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry developed, people called the grass "green gold". Britain's livestock sector accounts for 70 per cent of total agricultural output. In France and Germany, the share of livestock in the value of agricultural production is also slightly higher than that of farming. Netherlands , Denmark Other countries are famous dairy countries in the world. Danish dairy products account for more than 30% of total exports, Ham , bacon, Sausages , cheese It is the main export product. A livestock farmer in Western Europe who raises cattle, sheep, etc livestock Main, while planting Cereal crop And forage, mainly producing meat, Fresh milk And dairy products, wool and other livestock products. here Labor shortage , Agricultural production Highly mechanized, automated. For example, dairy farming from pasture and Feed crop From farming to milking, all are operated by modern machinery.

tourism

Booming tourism: Western Europe Natural condition Diverse. south Mediterranean Along the coast, the summer sun is shining, the beach is beautiful; north fiord Twists and turns deep, fascinating; high-central Alps It is a good place for people to climb mountains and ski. In history, the people of Europe have created splendid cultures. There are many ancient architectural sites, cultural and art cities and museums in this area, plus the unique local customs and customs of various places, which provide good conditions for the development of tourism. Tourism income in many countries has become National income One of the main sources.

Famous Attractions: Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris Big Ben, the Fjords

Characteristic industry

___________ Switzerland Small land area, industrial raw materials shortage. The main production of precision instruments that consume less raw materials and require high technical levels, such as clocks and watches, has long been the world's famous "watch kingdom".

2. Sweden Take advantage of the country's qualities Iron ore And cheap water and electricity, smelting high-quality steel, Shipbuilding industry , cars and Machine building Etc enjoys a high reputation in the world.

Denmark's animal husbandry developed. Pork , beef , cheese , butter And marketing of dairy products such as ham and sausage International market It is known as the "pasture and food bank of Europe".

Norwegian. Marine fishery Developed, per capita Output of aquatic products Number one in the world.

5. The Netherlands is famous for its flower growing industry. tulip Kingdom "reputation.

Diet structure

European Red meat And dairy products as the main food, they are common on the table steak , Mutton leg , butter , cheese and other foods. European Eating habit It is closely related to the developed animal husbandry.

Military affairs

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EDITOR

Europe Military strength Ranking, the top three are without a doubt Russia France, Britain three old Military power . Although Russia is going through Collapse of the Soviet Union After the huge damage, but its War potential and Military strength and mobility Europe is overwhelmingly ahead.

France

France is also a relatively complete military system of the European military power, from the perspective of aircraft carriers, in addition to the United States, has Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Although the "Charles de Gaulle" medium-sized nuclear-powered aircraft carrier has many problems, it is, after all, a usable ejection nuclear aircraft carrier, and there are three and carrier shifts. Northwest wind Lv." Amphibious assault ship , which "Triumph" class ballistic missile nuclear submarine M51 submarine-launched nuclear Strategic missile All self-developed, plus four and a half Rafale, and Italy co-developed Horizon class destroyer , European multi-mission frigate Developed by France and Germany Tiger gunship , NH-90 helicopter Etc., on the whole, France maintains National defense industry Independent, as a veteran military power, the use of external force is also a frequent choice, as far as the 1990s Gulf War That came close to toppling Gaddafi War in Libya In the war against the Islamic State, French troops are actively involved, and even spearheaded.

Britain

Britain, once the most colonized country in the world, Military industry The strongest country, World War II After the basic is waning, follow the role of the United States, which was once a brother mix, even strategy Nuclear missile All imported directly into the United States Trident It's all aircraft carriers since 2011 Window period New aircraft carrier Aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth It's in service, but not yet Carrier-based aircraft Available, waiting for the F-35B that the United States has built for it to arrive, it's not hard to see British Empire But even so, its military is still among the top three in Europe for the same reasons: first, it has a nuclear strike capability, and second, it has an experienced strategy Management ability Third, have sufficient military research and development capabilities.

culture

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Western Europe is densely populated and has many countries, most of them Developed country . The European diet is dominated by wheat products, dairy products and meat products Agricultural structure Relevant.

European Union It is the most integrated regional political and economic group organization in the world today. Its predecessor is European Community . It has 27 member countries.

Role of the European Union: The European Union was established Customs union To achieve common foreign trade, agriculture and Fishery policy , founded European monetary system , established the total Budget system . The free circulation of goods, personnel, capital and services has been basically realized.

The economic position of the European Union in the world: today's world is more than one pole Development trend . America is super Economic power Japan is an economic powerhouse. The European Union is a tripartite alliance with the United States and Japan. In the foreign trade of Western Europe, exports are greater than imports, and both exports and imports are larger than those of the United States World economy Occupies an important position in...

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