Fujian Province, short for" fujian "Is the old revolutionary base area, ^[97] A provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China, the capital city of Fuzhou. It is located between 23°31 '~ 28°18' north latitude, 115°50 '~ 120°43' east longitude, and is located in the southeast coast of China Zhejiang Province Adjoining, northwest with Jiangxi Province Junction, southwest and Guangdong Province Connected, southeast Taiwan Strait with Taiwan Province Look at each other; ^[47] The terrain of the province is high in the northwest, low in the southeast, and shows the situation of mountain and sea, within the territory Mountainous region , hill The area accounts for about 90% of the total area of the province; Belong to Subtropical monsoon climate ; There are 9 in the province Prefecture-level city and Pingtan comprehensive experimental area ; ^[3-4] ^[71] The province has a land area of 124,000 square kilometers and a sea area of 136,000 square kilometers. By the end of 2023, the resident population was 41.83 million. ^[131-132]

In the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan (733), a military governor was established. From Fuzhou, Jianzhou each took a word, named Fujian economic strategy military envoy, and Fuzhou governor's office coexisted. Yuan Dynasty, set in Fujian and other places Travel in the book province . Ming Hongwu nine years (1376), set up Fujian and other departments to declare the secretary of government. ^[7] The representative culture of Fujian history is Bamin culture. ^[76] Fujian Province is located at the crossroads of the East China Sea and the South China Sea and is historically located there The Maritime Silk Road , Zheng He went to the Western seas It is also the starting point of maritime trade and distribution center; ^[35] With a long history of foreign exchanges and a high degree of economic outward orientation, it is one of the earliest provinces in China to trade with foreign countries. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Quanzhou was a world-renowned commercial port and the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, and Fuzhou was the base of Zheng He's voyages to the West. It has the advantages of multiple regions, such as special economic zones, pilot free trade zones, comprehensive experimental zones, and the core area of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. As a well-known hometown of overseas Chinese in China, there are 15.8 million overseas Chinese of Fujian nationality living around the world, and more than 1.2 million Fujian compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao. More than 80 percent of Taiwan people have ancestral homes in Fujian. ^[38]

In 2023, Fujian's gross regional product (GDP) will reach 5,435.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5 percent; its general public budget revenue will reach 590.7 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8 percent; and its local general public budget revenue will reach 359.1 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6 percent. ^[127]

Chinese name: Fujian Province
Foreign name: Fujian
alias: fujian , Babin (a county in Fujian Province) , Heisey
Administrative division code: 350000
Administrative category: province
Subordinate region: People's Republic of China
Geographical position: Southeast coast of China
China East China
Area product: 124000 km²
Subordinate area: 9 Prefecture-level city
Government premises: Fuzhou City Gulou District 76 Waring Road ^[4]
Climatic condition: Subtropical monsoon climate
Population number: 41.83 million ^[131-132] (Permanent population at the end of 2023)
Famous scenic spot: Wuyi Mountain , Gulangyu Island , Tulou in Fujian , Taining scenic spot , Bai Shui Yang , Qingyuan Mountain , Taimu Mountain , Three lanes and seven alleys , Gutian conference site , Meizhou Island

aerodrome: Fuzhou Changle International Airport , Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport , Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport , Wuyishan Airport , Sanmingsha County airport , Guanzhai mountain airport, Longyan , Xiamen Xiang 'an International Airport (under construction) ^[77]
Railway station: Fuzhou Railway Station , Fuzhou South Railway Station , Xiamen North Railway Station , Quanzhou Railway Station , Zhangzhou Railway Station , Putian Railway Station , Xiamen Railway Station , Hui 'an Railway Station , Dehua Station , Quangang Railway station , Quanzhou South Railway Station , Quanzhou East Railway Station , Fuqing West Railway Station , Longyan Station ^[98-103]
License plate code: Min A- Min K
Gross regional product: 5,435.5 billion yuan ^[78] (2023)
Save money: daffodil
Shibashi: Nanping City , Sanming City , Longyan City , Zhangzhou City , Ningde City , Putian City , Quanzhou City , Xiamen City , Fuzhou City
Provincial meeting: Fuzhou City
Current leader: Zhou Zuyi ^[133] (Secretary of Provincial Party Committee) , Zhao Long ^[133] (Governor)

catalogue

▪Customs and people's feelings
▪Culture and art
▪Food culture
▪Origin of name
11Scenic spot
12Famous and excellent specialty products
13External communication
▪Exchange with Taiwan
▪Sister city
14Famous person
15Honorary title

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Min Yue king no Zhuzhu

Fujian, referred to as Min, first comes from the tenth volume of the Book of Mountains and Seas: "Min is in the sea, and there are mountains in the northwest. One day, Min Zhongshan was in the sea. Three days Son Zhang mountain in the north of the west of Fujian. One day in the sea." In the pre-Qin period Baiyue County the Minyue County . In... Yugon Mesocarpus Yangzhou (in Jiangsu Province) , in Zhou Dynasty for Seven min Ground. in Spring and Autumn hereafter Minyue State . The qin dynasty Nanping hundred Yue, set Minzhong county .

Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty Five years (ex 202), admitted A surname The king of Min Yue is here. 汉惠帝 Three years (BC 193), divided Min Yue land, sealed Mounted guards for Donghai King . Kien Won Six years (before 135), sealed A surname Sun guards ugly for Min you, sealed Yu Shan for King of East Yue , Yuan Ding Five years (112 BC), the Minyue rebellion, Emperor Wu of Han The rate of the army to calm down, and to its land dangerous, so moved to Min more people in Jianghuai basin And Fujian belongs to Southern lieutenant of Kuaiji Govern.

After Minyue moved north, since han origin Two years (before 85) Han admitted Ye County From the beginning of the East Capital, the East capital moved from Yexian to Zhang 'an. echo ), leaving an officer to manage Ye County, under Kuaiji County To the establishment of a southern lieutenant, to Jian 'an Twelve years (207) officially established Gunan Until then, Fujian was under imperial military control. ^[7]

The Three Kingdoms era Wu State There shall be Jian 'an County, with jurisdiction over Jian 'an , Nanping , Jama Raku , Jianping ( Jianyang ), Dongping county ( Songxi ), Zhao Wu, Wu Xing ( Urashiro ) and Wait for an official , Dong 'an ( Nan 'an , Tong 'an There are 9 counties.

Quanzhou, the cultural capital of East Asia (13 photos)

The Western Jin Dynasty (536-597) Taikang Three years (282), the demolition of Jian 'an County to Jian 'an, Jin 'an Two counties, here beam prison In the year 502-519, another one was separated from Jinan County Yangan , govern Xinghua Spring, Zhangzhou and other places. Since the jin The song dynasty to qi beam Fujian initially belonged to Yangzhou, to Normal In the sixth year (525), Jian 'an, Jin 'an and Nan 'an counties under Fujian returned East Yangzhou Govern. Chen Dynasty Vinh Dinh When (557-559), Emperor Wu Chen for control Chen Baoying Set up Minzhou This was the first provincial establishment in the history of Fujian. The state is located in Jin 'an (now Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) ), under the construction of the leading, Jin, south three counties. Tengia Six years (565), Fujian strike, also belongs to East Yangzhou.

sui Great undertaking In the third year (607), the three counties of Jian 'an, Jin 'an and Nan 'an were merged into one, called Jian 'an County; The original 15 counties were divided into four (i.e Min County Jian 'an, Nan 'an, Long Khe ). Prefectural Yuyasu ( Jian Ou Move to Min County. The tang dynasty Martial morality In the early years, Quan, Jian, Feng three states, under the jurisdiction of 10 counties. The number of prefectures and counties was two to three times that of the Sui Dynasty.

The coastal city -- Xiamen (9 photos)

Tang Dynasty, Fujian Jiangnan Road . Jing Yun Two years (711), established Governor of Fujian With Fujian, construction, spring, Zhangzhou, lake five states. ^[126] In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (725), the Governor's Office of Fujian was renamed Fuzhou Governor's Office and was subordinate to Jiangnan East Road It is the beginning of the name of Fuzhou. The New Century In 733, in order to strengthen the frontier armed forces, a military governor's Office was established. From Fuzhou, Jianzhou each took a word, named Fujian economic strategy military envoy, and Fuzhou governor's office coexisted. This is the beginning of the name of Fujian. ^[7]

Five dynasties and ten Kingdoms Period, Fujian successively Fujian , Yin Dynasty , Southern Tang Dynasty , Wu Yue According to national data, the name of the division has changed several times.

The Later Tang Dynasty A surname Four years (933), Wang Yanjun Emperor, state name Damin, changed the yuan Long Qi , raised Fuzhou for Changyue Mansion Said east capital, leading blessing, spring, build, Ting, Zhangzhou five states.

Min Wang Wang know

The Northern Song Dynasty (960-907) Period, place Fujian Road The administrative districts are divided into Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang, Ting, South sword Liuzhou and Shaowu Xinghua Second Army. 南宋孝宗 When the state was raised Jianning House . Fujian Road therefore includes one prefecture, five prefectures and two armies; Government, state and army are actually the same level of administrative institutions, a total of 8, so Fujian is known as" Babin (a county in Fujian Province) ". At this time, Fujian province had 42 counties and became the heyday of Southeast China.

The song dynasty Jing Yan The first year (1276), yuan The army conquered Song Du Linan (now Hangzhou ), Emperor Song Zhao Xian Captured. Ewang Zhao Shi A surname Zhao Bing Fled to Fuzhou, Lu Xiufu , Chen Yizhong Such as the establishment of Zhao is in Fuzhou, change the yuan Jing Yan , raised Fuzhou for Fuan Prefecture , be set for Trade capital Trying to restore the Song dynasty. Consequent cause Wang Ji Weng Betray, Nanjian Prefecture Lost, Fuzhou was broken by Yuan soldiers, Emperor is supported by courtiers to cross the sea to Guangdong.

Yuan Dynasty, set in Fujian and other places Travel in the book province . Solstice element Fifteen years (1278), set province in Quanzhou . To Yuan 18 years (1281) moved to Fuzhou, the next year also rule Quanzhou. In the twentieth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), he moved to Fuzhou. To Yuan twenty-two years (1284), incorporated Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces . To Yuan twenty-three years (1285), restored. The following year, change The Ministry of Commerce and the Province .

To the 28th year of the Yuan (1290), it was incorporated into Jiangxi. Until the twenty-ninth Yuan (1291), he still kept his book in the line. Taetok The first year (1297), set up Fujian Pinghai travel book province, migration to Quanzhou. Great De three years (1299) revoked. To the sixteenth year (1356) restored.

Ming Dynasty Hongwu In the first year (1368), Fujian Province eight roads changed Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) , Jianning , Yeonbinh , Shaowu , Xinghua , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou , Ting Chau Eight houses. Hongwu nine years (1376), placed in Fujian and other places Chengxuan Secretary of state . Chenghua County Nine years (1473), the restoration was abandoned as a county Funing State In direct relation to Chief Secretary . The final Ming generation, Fujian set up eight prefectures and one state. qing Shunzhi In May of the second year (1645), the Qing army attacked Nanjing , Nan Ming Dynasty Hongguang Emperor Zhu Yusong Captured and killed. Zheng Hongkui , Su Guansheng Wait to greet the king of Tang Zhu Yujian Come to Min. In June, Zhu Yujian became emperor in Fuzhou, Jianyuan Long Vu Fujian was changed to Fotin Fuzhou for Tianxingfu . The following year, the regime was overthrown. ^[6]

Zheng Chenggong, King of Yanping and national hero

In the Qing Dynasty, Fujian division inherited the Ming system and set up the Fujian Chief Envoy. The province includes Fuzhou, Xinghua Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yanping, Jianning, Shaowu, Tingzhou eight houses and Funing State . In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi (1656), Zheng Chenggong change Xiamen (in Fujian Province) for Siming State . Kangxi In the first year (1662), Zheng Chenggong expelled him Netherlands After colonizing, change Taiwan For the east capital, set Chengtianfu Set day Xing, ten thousand years two counties, and in Penghu set Pacification department . Zheng Jing When Taiwan was governed, the east was renamed Dongning, and the two counties of Tianxing and Wannian were called prefectures. In the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), it was added after the Qing Court unified Taiwan Taiwan province It is under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province and consists of three counties and one department. Emperor Yongzheng In two years (1724), Funing Prefecture was raised to Phuc Ninh ; Twelve years (1734), L Yongxuan , Longyan Two counties are Zhili Prefecture . Guang Xu In 1885, Taiwan was established as a separate province. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Fujian Province had 9 prefectures, 2 prefectures, 58 counties and 2 departments.

There are also four separate roads between the province and the government as dispatch agencies: Ningfu Road Station Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) , govern Fuzhou Prefecture , Phuc Ninh ; Xingquan Waterhouse Coopers in Xiamen (in Fujian Province) , govern Xinghua Prefecture , Quanzhou Prefecture , Yongchun Prefecture ; Ding Zhanglong Road in Zhangzhou , govern Ting Chau Fu , Zhangzhou Prefecture Longyan Prefecture; Yanjian Shao Dao in Nanping , govern Yeonpingfu , Jianning House , Shaowu Prefecture . In addition, the Qing Dynasty was set in Fujian Governor of Minzhe (based in Fuzhou or Hangzhou) and Governor of Fujian . The governor and governor were originally temporary, but they have not been abolished since. Because of the great power of the governor and the governor, he became the highest military and civil administrator of the province, and the original official provincial governor Political envoy , monitor-envoy The opposite becomes an official. In addition, the Qing Dynasty also set up pipe collar Manchuria Be on garrison duty vexillant The town guard general, originally unrelated to the local administration, but also in charge customs and Grain storage road , Salt process He became a provincial official.

Xinhai Revolution Period, October 10, 1911, shocked the world Wuchang Uprising Eruption. In response, the whole country launched a fierce offensive against the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty. In order to suppress the revolutionary movement, the governor of Minzhe, Song Shou, and the general of Fuzhou, Pu Shou, also organized the banner men by Wen Kai, a man of Manchu nationality, and set up a "killing Han regiment" in an attempt to make a final struggle. ^[123]

November 9, 1911 Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) The proclamation of liberation. After the liberation of Fuzhou, the provincial capital, the whole province responded to the news and declared independence/liberation one after another. ^[123]

The Republic of China In the second year (1913), the government and state systems were abolished, and four observation offices were set up in the east, south, west and north.

It was reformed in the Thirteen-sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1914-1927) Minhai Dao , Xiamen Road , Tingzhang Road , Kien on road Wait 4 lanes; Merging Fujian County, Hou Guan for Minhou county , Jian 'an , Ouning for Jianou county ; change Yongchun Prefecture Longyan State for Yongchun county , Longyan county ; Abolish the hall system, transform Pingtan, The clouds Is the county; Separate out Tongan county the Xiamen Island Set up Siming county . After the reform, the province has 4 provinces and 61 counties, which is still a three-level system of province, county and county.

At the end of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the Tao system was abolished and became a two-level system of provinces and counties. There are 10 Administrative Inspectorate districts, each based in Hong Kong Changle , Happiness and safety , Nanping , Xianyou , Tong 'an , Zhangpu , Longyan , A surname , Shaowu , Urashiro Etc.

Fujian cultural map

Fujian three central cities: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou (2 photos)

This was the beginning of the division of special zones in Fujian. After a period of trial, it was changed into seven administrative supervision districts. Before and after this, adjustments were also made to counties and cities.

The 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), from Longxi county Mark off Hua 'an County ; In the twenty-second year of the Republic of China (1933), Siming County was changed to Xiamen City ; In 1934, the Guangze County It was transferred to Jiangxi Province (returned in 1949);

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), from Sha County , Mingxi County , Yong 'an county Each set aside a part for establishment Sanyuan county Set up a part from Jian 'ou Shuiji county ;

Thirty-four years of the Republic of China (1945), Zhe Yang (original genus Kasumigaura ), Zhou Dun (formerly Ningde Reconstruction of two special areas Zherong County , Zhou Ning Two counties.

War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Throughout Fujian, anti-Japanese armed units were formed to carry out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. ^[42]

Thirty-five years of the Republic of China (1946), the Minhou County drum-tower , Namtai , Kurama etc Fuzhou City .

In this way, from the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946) to the eve of liberation in 1949, the province was divided into seven Administrative supervision district , 2 cities, 67 counties.

On May 9, 1949, The Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army Liberated Chongan County, then liberated a number of counties in northern Fujian, on August 17, 1949, The Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Liberate Fuzhou. ^[46] People's Republic of China After its establishment, Fujian Provincial People's Government in Fuzhou City Directly administered Fuzhou, Xiamen (in Fujian Province) 2 cities, divided into 8 special districts, 67 counties. ^[7]

Administrative division

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EDITOR

History of zoning

From April 1, 1950, it will be first through eighth Office of the Administrative Inspectorate Change the name of the county where the office is located, that is, Jianou, Nanping, Fuan, Minhou (the fourth Administrative office formerly known as Lin Sen), Jinjiang, Longxi, Yongan, Longyan Administrative Inspector's Office.

It was established in 1951 County-level city Quanzhou City , Zhangzhou City , respectively Jinjiang special area Zaiwa Longxi special area Under the jurisdiction of the Department, Jian 'ou special zone Be renamed as Jianyang special area ; 1953. The reason Jinjiang special area leading Quanzhou and Longxi special area leading Zhangzhou The two cities were transferred to provincial jurisdiction.

Zhangzhou Nanjing tulou

1956, set Nanping City , for Municipalities directly under the provincial government ; cancel Minhou , Yong 'an , Jianyang Three zones, original Minhou special area What one is subordinate to Minhou county Under the direct jurisdiction of the province, originally Minhou special area What one is subordinate to Minqing county Revert to Nanping special area Jurisdiction, Lianjiang River , Changle , Luo Yuan Three counties changed The Fuan Zone Jurisdiction, Fuqing , Yongtai Pingtan and other three counties changed back Jinjiang special area To have jurisdiction over; cancel Yongan Zone Will be governed by Mingxi County , ternary Two counties changed Nanping special area Jurisdiction, Datian county Revert to Jinjiang special area Jurisdiction, Yong 'an , Ninh Hoa , Clear stream Revert to Longyan special area To have jurisdiction over; cancel Jianyang special area Will be governed by Jian Ou , Urashiro , Shaowu , Jianyang , Chong 'an , Songxi , Political peace , gloss , Mizuyoshi All nine counties Nanping special area To have jurisdiction over; cancel Mizuyoshi , Zherong County Ningyang three counties, and will ternary , Mingxi County Two counties merged to change the name Sanming county .

In 1958, it was directly administered by the province Quanzhou City Put under Jinjiang special area Under the jurisdiction of the Department, Zhangzhou City Put under Longxi special area Under the jurisdiction of the Department, Nanping City Put under Nanping special area Jurisdiction, Minhou county Put under Fuzhou City Jurisdiction, Tongan county Put under Xiamen City Govern. ^[7] It was restored in 1959 Minhou special area , govern Minhou , Minqing County , Lianjiang River , Changle , Luo Yuan , Fuqing , Yongtai Pingtan and other eight counties, special office in Minhou county .

It was established in 1960 Sanming City Under the direct jurisdiction of the province, Qingning County was established and revoked Clear stream , Ninh Hoa Two counties; Abolish Nanping County and merge it Nanping City . In 1963, the Sanming District was established. Sanming City Under the jurisdiction of the Sanming Special Office.

1970, the original Nanping , Happiness and safety , Minhou , Jinjiang , Long Khe , Longyan , Three kinds of brightness Wait for 7 prefecture instead district . In 1971, the Minhou area was changed to Putian area , the office is stationed Putian county ; Fuan area changed to Ningde region , the office is stationed Ningde county ; Nanping area changed to Jianyang area, office in Jianyang county . In 1973, Putian area What one is subordinate to Minhou county , belong to Fuzhou City Govern. It was restored in 1975 Zherong county , belong to Ningde region Govern. cancel Songmasa , recover Zhenghe county , Songxi county It is managed by Jianyang District. It was withdrawn in 1981 Longyan county , changed to Longyan City (county-level city), by Longyan area The executive has jurisdiction on behalf of the province.

Zhangzhou Bihu Ecological Park

Changed in April 1983 Putian area instead Putian City , expand Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) The jurisdiction of... Originally under the jurisdiction of Putian Area Minqing County , Yongtai , Fuqing , Changle Pingtan five counties and Ningde region presidial Lianjiang River , Luo Yuan The two counties were transferred to Fuzhou, plus those under their original jurisdiction Minhou county Fuzhou has jurisdiction over 8 counties; cancel Sanming area , Sanming City by County-level city Upgrade to Prefecture-level city Originally under the jurisdiction of the Sanming Region Yong 'an , Ninh Hoa , Clear stream , Mingxi County , Jianning , Taining , Jama Raku , Sha County , You Khe , field Ten counties are under the jurisdiction of Sanming City. September, establishment Putian City (prefecture-level city), Putian under the jurisdiction of the former Putian area, Xianyou The two counties are under the leadership of Putian City. cancel Shaowu county Set up Shaowu City (county-level city), under the jurisdiction of the Jianyang District administration on behalf of the province.

In September 1984, the establishment of Yongan County was abolished Yong 'an City (county-level city), divided by Sanming City Delegate jurisdiction to the province. In 1985, Zhangzhou City Upgrade to prefecture-level city, abolish Longxi area, Long Hai , The clouds , Zhangpu , A surname , Changtai , Dongshan , Nanjing , placid , Hua 'an County To Zhangzhou City; Quanzhou City Upgrade to prefecture-level city, abolish Jinjiang area, Hui 'an County , Jinjiang , Nan 'an , An Khe , Yongxuan , moralize , Kinmen County It belongs to Quanzhou City. New in 1987 Shishi City Xiamen City Huli District Two county administrative bodies; The suburb of Xiamen was renamed Jimei District .

Changes of administrative divisions in Fujian Province (42 photos)

In 1988, the Jianyang District Administrative Office was located by Jianyang county Move to Nanping City And renamed the Nanping region, the Nanping administration is still under the jurisdiction Nanping City , Shaowu City , Jianyang county , Jianou county , Shunchang county , Pucheng county , Chong 'an County , Songxi county , Zhenghe county , Guangze County ; cancel Ningde county , set up Ningde City (county-level city), for Ningde region Administrative office location. Revoked on 21 August 1989 Chong 'an County , set up Wuyishan City (county-level city); November 13, revocation Fuan County , set up Fu 'an City (county-level city).

Fujian scenery (9 photos)

On August 15, 1990, Zhangping County was abolished and established Zhangping City (county-level city); On December 26, Fuqing County was abolished and established Fuqing City (county-level city). In 1992, the establishment of Jinjiang County was abolished Jinjiang City (county-level city); The establishment of Jianou County was revoked Jian 'ou City (county-level city), the original administrative divisions are unchanged, and there is no increase in organization and establishment. In 1993, Nan 'an County was abolished and Nan 'an City was established. ^[82] In 1994, Nanping District was abolished and established Nanping City (prefecture-level city); Nanping City (county-level city) was abolished and established Yanping District ; Abolish Changle County and establish Changle City (county-level city); Jianyang County was abolished and Jianyang City (county-level city) was established. In March 1997, the county Longyan City was abolished and Xinluo District was established. On May 1, 1997, Longyan District was abolished and Longyan City (prefecture-level city) was established. ^[92] It was withdrawn in 1999 Ningde region , set up Ningde City (Prefecture-level city), formerly Ningde City Jiaocheng District . ^[7]

In May 2014, Jianyang City was abolished and Nanping City was established Jianyang District ; In December, Yongding County was abolished and Longyan City was established Yongding District . In November 2017, Changle City was abolished and Fuzhou City was established Changle District .

In January 2021, Xindian Town and Maxiang Town in Xiamen Xiang 'an District will be abolished, and Xindian Street and Maxiang Street in Xiang 'an District will be established, and the original administrative area will remain unchanged. ^[36]

On February 3, 2021, Longhai City was abolished and Zhangzhou City was established Longhai District ; Changtai County was abolished and Zhangzhou City was established Changtai District ; Abolish the Sanming Meilei District and Sanyuan District, and set up a new Sanming Sanyuan District; Sha County was abolished and Sanming City was established Shaxian District . ^[1-2]

Zoning details

Jurisdiction of Fujian Province Fuzhou City , Xiamen City , Putian City , Sanming City , Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nanping City , Longyan City , Ningde City 9 prefecture-level cities, with Pingtan comprehensive experimental area; It consists of 11 county-level cities, 31 municipal districts and 42 counties (including Kinmen County). Provincial people's government in Fuzhou Gulou District Waring road Number 76. ^[3] ^[8] ^[58]

name	Administrative division code	License plate registration code	County administrative region	Government premises
Fuzhou City	350100	Min A	Gulou District	Dongjie street
			Taijiang District	Houchau street
			Cangshan District	Jinshan Street
			equina	Luoxing Street
			Jin 'an District	Yuefeng Town
			Changle District	Wenwu sand Street ^[40]
			Fuqing City	Yuping street
			Minhou county	Sugarcane street
			Lianjiang County	Fengcheng Town
			Luoyuan county	Fengshan Town
			Minqing county	Meicheng Town
			Yongtai county	Zhangcheng Town
Xiamen City	350200	Min D	Siming District	Xiagang street
			Haicang District	Haicang street
			Huli District	Heshan street
			Jimei District	Jimei Street
			Tong 'an District	Xiangping street
			Xiang 'an District	Xindian Street
Quanzhou City	350500	Min C	Plentiful area	Fengze Street
			Licheng District	Waterfront street
			Luojiang District	Wan 'an Street
			Quangang District	Hillside street
			Shishi City	Hubin street
			Jinjiang City	Luoshan Street
			Nan 'an City	Ximei Street
			Hui 'an County	Luocheng Town
			Anxi county	Fengcheng Town
			Yongchun county	Tao Town
			Dehua county	Xunzhong Town
			Kinmen County (to be unified)	Jincheng Town
Zhangzhou City	350600	Min	Xiangcheng District	East Putou Street
			Longwen District	Lantian street
			Longhai District	Stone yard street
			Changtai District	Wu 'an Town
			Zhangpu County	Tuy 'an Town
			Nanjing County	Mountain town
			Yunxiao county	Yunling Town
			Pinghe County	Brook Town
			Hua 'an County	Huafeng Town
			Zhao 'an County	Nanzhao Town
			Dongshan County	Sai Pu township
Putian City	350300	Min B	Inner city area	Xialin street
			Hanjiang District	Handong street
			Licheng District	Zhenhai Street
			Xiuyu District	Shashi Town
			Xianyou County	Licheng street
Sanming City	350400	Min	Ternary zone	Liedong Street
			Shaxian District	Fenggang street
			Yong 'an City	Yannan Street ^{[57] 56 -}
			Mingxi county	Xuefeng Town
			Qingliu county	Longjin Town
			Ninghua county	Cuijiang Town
			Datian county	Kyungye Town
			Youxi county	Chengguan Town
			Jiangle county	Koo Yong Jin
			Taining county	Sugicheng Town
			Jianning county	Suicheng Town
Nanping City	350700	Min	Yanping District	Sihe Street
			Jianyang District	Tancheng street
			Shaowu City	Zhaoyang Street
			Wuyishan City	Chong 'an Street
			Jian 'ou City	Ouning street
			Shunchang county	Sungei Street
			Pucheng county	Nanpu Street
			Guangze County	Hangchuan town
			Songxi county	Songyuan Street
			Zhenghe county	Xiong Shan Street
Longyan City	350800	Min F	Xinluo District	Dongcheng Street
			Yongding District	Fengcheng street
			Zhangping City	Jingcheng Street
			Changting county	Tingzhou Town
			Shanghang county	Linjiang town
			Wuping county	Pingchuan Town
			Liancheng county	Lianfeng Town
Ningde City	350900	Min J	Jiaocheng District	Jiabei Street
			Fu 'an City	North street
			Fuding City	Tongshan street
			Xiapu county	Songcheng Street
			Gutian county	Chengdong street
			Pingnan county	Gufeng Town
			Shouning county	Aoyang Town
			Zhouning county	Lion town
			Zherong county	Twin towns
Pingtan comprehensive experimental area	350128	Min	Pingtan county	Haitan street ^[41]
1, Pingtan comprehensive reality in Fujian Province District control Pingtan county Its administrative area overlaps with Pingtan County, and there are 9 administrative areas Prefecture-level city Side by side. The administrative division of Pingtan County is still under Fuzhou City, and it is actually under the jurisdiction of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone of Fujian Province. 2. Fujian Province Kinmen , Matsu Districts, including Kinmen Islands ( Kinmen County ), The Matsu Islands ( Lianjiang County Matsu Township ), Wuqiu Yu ( Putian City Xiuyu District Meizhou town Wuqiu Village) and other areas, actually by Taiwan Authorities, and respectively Kinmen Island Set up" Fujian provincial government Its administrative divisions are: Kinmen County ," Lianjiang County "(Matsu area only)," Wuciou township (Wuqiu Village) "(managed by Kinmen County), generally referred to as" Jinma region ". ^[129]

Geographical environment

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EDITOR

Location boundary

Fujian Province is located in the southeast coast of China, between 23°31 '~ 28°18' north latitude, 115°50 '~ 120°43' east longitude. It borders Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the southwest, Taiwan Province to the east across the Taiwan Strait, and the East China Sea and South China Sea to the Pacific Ocean. The maximum width of the province is about 480 kilometers from east to west, and the maximum length of the province is about 530 kilometers from north to south, with a land area of 121,400 square kilometers. ^[7]

Fujian Province

landform

Topographic map of Fujian

The terrain of Fujian province is mainly mountainous and hilly, and the western and middle mountain belts constitute the skeleton of Fujian's terrain. The two mountain belts are in a northeast-to-southwest trend, parallel to the coast. Meandering in the Xilai Mountain belt near the Fujian-Jiangxi border, by Wuyi Mountains Shanling mountain range, the north of Zhejiang Xianxia Ridge South even Guangdong Jiulianshan With a length of more than 530 kilometers and an average altitude of more than 1,000 meters, it is the watershed of the water system of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The mountain belt is high in the north and low in the south, with many peaks over 1500 meters. The main peak, Huanggang Mountain, is located in Wuyishan City, with an elevation of 2158 meters, and is the highest peak in the coastal provinces of southeast China. In the mountain belt, there are many passes formed because of the collapse of faults or the elevation of ancient river valleys. They are generally called passes, passes and passes. Since ancient times, they have been natural passages and military arteries on land between Fujian and Jiangxi and Zhejiang. The terrain of Fengling Pass in Pucheng County, Fenshui Pass in Wuyishan City, Shanguan Pass in Guangze County, Loess Pass in Shaowu City, Ganjia Pass in Jianning County and Gucheng Entrance in Changting County are all very dangerous. The Minzhong Mountain Belt, which runs diagonally through the central part of Fujian Province, is cut into three parts by the Minjiang River and the Jiulong River. Jiufeng Mountain range north of Minjiang River main stream; Between Minjiang River and Jiulong River is called Dayun Mountain Range; To the south of the Jiulong River is Po Ping Ling. The middle part of the mountain is the highest and widest. The main peak of Dayun Mountain in Dehua, 1856 meters above sea level, is the highest peak of Minzhong Mountain belt. With the main mountains of the two mountain belts as the ridge stem, they extend many branches in all directions, forming criss-cross peaks and ridges. Outside the mountain and the coastal zone, there are widely distributed hills. They are found on the sides of river valleys, on the sides of basins, on coastal headlands, coastal plains, and among lofty mountains. ^[7]

climate

Map of the north-south boundary of Fujian Province

Fujian Province is close to the Tropic of Cancer, which is typical Subtropical climate . Subtropical climates all over the world are characterized by high temperatures and dry climates. The Wuyi Mountain Range in the northwest of Fujian is like a barrier against the invasion of cold air from the north. The warm and humid air from the sea can be continuously transported to the land, which makes most of Fujian free from cold in winter, less hot summer in summer, and abundant rainfall, forming a warm and humid subtropical Marine monsoon climate. Its main characteristics are: first, the monsoon circulation is strong and the monsoon climate is remarkable. The warming and cooling of the climate, the beginning and end of the seasons, are shifted by the monsoon circulation activity. Second, the winter is short and the summer is long, and the heat resources are rich. The frost-free period in the province is between 250 and 336 days, and most areas are close to or more than 300 days, which is close to Guangdong, Guangdong and Taiwan, and has superior climate conditions of three-crop system. Third, the winter is warm, the temperature difference between north and south is large; Summer is cool, the temperature difference between north and south is small. Fourth, rain and dry seasons are distinct, and water resources are abundant. Fifth, the complex terrain leads to diverse climates. Sixth, frequent disaster weather. Water, drought, wind, cold can be seen over the years, climate deviation from the normal is often. The flood is mainly mold rain type flood and typhoon type flood. There are three main types of wind disasters, namely typhoons, gales, coastal gales caused by cold air activities and local strong convection winds. Drought is divided into spring drought, summer drought and autumn and winter drought. There are four kinds of cold: spring cold, May cold, autumn cold and midwinter cold. ^[7]

hydrology

Water system map of Fujian Province

Fujian Province has many rivers, a total of 24 water systems, 663 rivers, the total length of 12,850 kilometers, the density of river network, rarely seen in the country. The largest rivers in the province are Minjiang River, Jiulong River, Tingjiang River, Jinjiang River and Mulan River, of which the Minjiang River is 541 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 60,900 square kilometers, which is the largest river in the southeast coastal area of China. Jiulong River is the second longest river in Fujian province, with a main stream length of 258 kilometers and a drainage area of 13,600 square kilometers. The Ting River, the largest river in western Fujian Province, empties into the Han River near Dapu, Guangdong Province, with a total length of 285 kilometers and a drainage area of 14,700 square kilometers. Fujian is located in the rich water zone, the total annual precipitation is 2011 billion cubic meters, the average annual total river runoff is 12,000 cubic meters, coupled with the mountain slope, so the hydraulic resources are quite rich. According to the data of the provincial hydropower department, the theoretical reserves of hydropower in the province are 11.68 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation can be 91.6 billion kilowatt-hours. Among them can be developed, the installed capacity of more than 500 kilowatts in 1000 hydraulic sites, a total capacity of 7.05 million kilowatts, annual power generation of 32 billion KWH, ranking first in East China. At the same time, the shape of each river valley generally has the characteristics of alternating between canyons and wide valleys, and the conditions for building DAMS and warehouses are particularly advantageous. ^[7]

Natural resources

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EDITOR

Mainland coastline second in the country, can build more than 10,000 tons of berths natural shoreline of about 258 kilometers, leading the country. The per capita consumption of aquatic products ranked first in China, and the reserves of hydropower resources ranked first in East China. The forest coverage rate is 65.12%, ranking first in China for 44 consecutive years. There are 5 World Heritage sites, including the double world heritage Wuyi Mountain and the World cultural Heritage Gulangyu and Fujian Tulou. The output of raw tea ranks second in China, and the output value of the whole tea industry chain ranks first in China. Dahongpao Iron Guanyin, white tea and other famous at home and abroad. ^[79]

Marine resources

The Fujian sea area belongs to the subtropical sea and the shallow sea of the continental shelf, and is the place where the cold and warm currents converge. Because there is a large amount of fresh water injection, rich in nutrients, moderate water temperature, suitable for plankton reproduction and growth, so plankton species, high density, large number, wide distribution. According to the investigation, diatoms dominate the plankton and copepods dominate the zooplankton in the Mindong fishing ground. The plankton in southern Fujian fishery are mainly cyanobacteria and diatoms, and the zooplankton are mainly chaff shrimp and copepods. Abundant zooplankton attract a large number of fish to gather, so the Fujian sea area is rich in fish resources, fish up to 752 species, of which there are more than 100 kinds of economic fish and shrimp, the main fishing objects are hairfish, large yellow croaker, golden sardines, fat eye herring, horsefish, mackerel, eel, squid, swimming crab, hair shrimp and so on. In the past, due to the backwardness of fishing technology, the fish resources in Fujian could not be fully exploited. In addition, the area of Fujian beach is about 2.8 million mu, which can be used for reclamation, breeding and salt production. ^[7]

Plant resources

There are more than 5000 kinds of plants in Fujian Province. The zonal vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the main tree species are Castanopsis castanopsis, Castanopsis Castanopsis, Castanopsis Castanopsis, Castanopsis Castanopsis, Castanopsis macrophylla, Castanopsis quercus, stone oak, thick shell laurel, cinnamon, yellow nan, purple nan, fragrant leaf tree, red laurel, white laurel, banyan tree, Alding maple, midge tree, Schima, yellow berry, heath and so on. Chinese fir is one of the excellent tree species in Fujian, with good material and fast growth, and has a wide range of uses in the construction industry. Rattan plants are also very rich, the main species are dense bean rattan, flower leather gum rattan, Ni rattan, golden tassels and so on. There are bamboo, Ma bamboo, bitter bamboo, asparagus, green bamboo, yellow bamboo, green bamboo, bamboo, bamboo, bamboo and so on. In addition, there are also many ancient plants left over from the Cretaceous and Tertiary period, such as Ginkgo biloba, pine, podocarpus, taxus, Jianbai, lirodendri, Longleaved Torreya, bell calyx and so on. ^[7]

Animal resources

The wildlife of Fujian Province mainly belongs to the Oriental fauna, but because of the trans-zonal climate at high altitudes, some Palearctic animals can also live in Fujian Province. According to incomplete statistics, there are thousands of kinds of wild animals in the province, only in the vertebrates, that is, there are 130 kinds of animals, accounting for a quarter of the country; 540 species of birds, accounting for half of the country; 115 species of reptiles, accounting for one-third of the country; 44 species of amphibians, dozens of species of mountain stream fish; There are more than 5,000 species of insects, accounting for one-fifth of the country. Among all kinds of wild animals, there are 12 kinds of rare animals under state protection, such as macaques, civet cats, pheasants, and red-billed civics. ^[7]

Mineral resources

Fujian Province belongs to one of the important metallogenic areas in the Pacific Rim metallogenic belt and is rich in mineral resources. There are 116 kinds of known minerals, including 53 kinds of metal minerals and 63 kinds of non-metal minerals, and 4,836 ore areas have been found (containing ore deposits, ore points and mineralization points). By the end of 1990, there were 80 kinds of minerals with proven reserves in the province, including 2 kinds of energy minerals, 33 kinds of metal minerals, 42 kinds of non-metal minerals, and 3 kinds of groundwater, underground hot water and mineral water. In total, there are 634 mineral areas listed in the provincial mineral reserves table. 51 large deposits and 81 medium deposits have been discovered in the province, among which 19 kinds of minerals rank among the top 5 in the country. Among the proven minerals, tungsten, iron, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, lead, zinc, rare earth ore, pyrophyllite, barite, kaolin, quartz sand, granite, fluorite, limestone (containing cement limestone, flux limestone, chemical limestone) and coal and so on. Among them, the dominant mineral resources are tungsten, tantalum, pyrophyllite, fluorite, quartz sand, kaolin, granite and barite. They play an important role in the national economic construction and have been extensively developed and utilized. The minerals with obvious economic advantages are iron, manganese, limestone, underground hot water and brick clay, etc. Gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tin, rare earth and other minerals have potential advantages. Phosphorus, gypsum, and oil and natural gas on land are minerals in short supply. ^[7]

population

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EDITOR

population

According to the results of the seventh national population census, the permanent population of Fujian Province was 41.54 million at midnight on November 1, 2020.

By the end of 2022, Fujian had 41.88 million permanent residents, an increase of 10,000 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the permanent urban population was 29.37 million, accounting for 70.11% of the total population (urbanization rate of permanent residents), an increase of 0.41 percentage points over the end of the previous year. The birth rate was 7.07 per thousand, the death rate 6.52 per thousand, and the natural growth rate was 0.55 per thousand. The number of registered residents at the end of the year was 39,615,900, an increase of 157,000 from the end of the previous year. ^[78]

By the end of 2023, Fujian had a permanent population of 41.83 million. The birth rate was 6.81 per thousand, the death rate 6.95 per thousand and the natural growth rate was -0.14 per thousand. The number of registered residents at the end of the year was 39.6928 million, an increase of 76,900 from the end of the previous year. ^[130]

Change of permanent resident population in Fujian Province (2017-2022)

Reference materials: ^[78] ^[87-91]

nation

Fujian Province resident population, the main ethnic group The Han nationality 3,609,361 people (97.84%); The population of all ethnic minorities was 796,855, accounting for 2.16%. Compared with the fifth national population census in 2000, the Han population increased by 1962,607 people, an increase of 5.75%; The population of all ethnic minorities increased by 216,774 people, an increase of 37.37%.

Among ethnic minorities: She ethnic minority group The population is 365,500 people, accounting for 45.87% of the minority population in Fujian Province and 51.58% of the She population in China, which is the province with the largest She population in China. The Hui nationality The population is 116,000, accounting for 14.56% of the minority population in Fujian Province; The Gaoshan nationality, living in Yunnan Province It has a population of 423 people, about 10.55% of the mainland alpine population, and is the province with the largest alpine population in the mainland. In Fujian Province, there are 19 counties (cities and districts) with a minority population of more than 10,000, and 19 townships (towns and streets) with a population of more than 1,000 National township (Among them: 18 She township, 1 Hui township) and 1 provincial ethnic economic development zone ( Fuan She Economic Development Zone ), 567 ethnic minority villages. ^[9]

political

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EDITOR

List of current principal leading cadres
institution	job	name
Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China	secretary	Zhou Zuyi
	Deputy secretary	Zhao Long , Na Dongcheon
	Member of the Standing Committee	Zhang Yan , Chi Yaoyun , Lin Baojin , Cui Yonghui , Guo Ningning , Kailin Wu , Huang Haikun , Song Hongxi , Wang Yongli
Fujian Provincial People's Government	Provincial governor	Zhao Long
	vice-governor	Guo Ningning (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , Lin Wenbin , Li Jiancheng , Lin Ruiliang , Wang Jinfu , Jiang Erxiong , Li Xinghu
	Secretary general	Wu Bin
Standing Committee of Fujian Provincial People's Congress	DIRECTOR	Zhou Zuyi
	Deputy director	Zhou Lianqing (Secretary of the Party Leadership Group) , Chen Dong (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , ploughman (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , Lin Baojin (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , Li Dekin (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , Tan Un-gon , Yuan Yi
	Secretary general	Huang Xinluan
Fujian Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference	chairman	Teng Jiacai
	vice-chairman	Zhang Zhaomin (Deputy Secretary of the Leading Party Group) , Wang Guangyuan , Ruan Shiwei , Liu Xianxiang , Yan Keshi , Leftover army , Zhang Guowang , Huang Ling , Huang Ruxin
	Secretary general	Lu Kaijin
Fujian Provincial Supervisory Commission	DIRECTOR	Chi Yaoyun
Fujian Higher People's Court	dean	Gold and silver wall
Fujian Provincial People's Procuratorate	Chief procurator	Hou Jianjun
Reference materials: ^{51] [49 -} ^[60-61] ^[63-70] ^[80] ^[83-86] ^[93] ^[122] ^[128] ^[135-137]

economy

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EDITOR

synthesis

In 2023, Fujian's GDP will reach 5435.510 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5 percent over the previous year. The value added of the primary industry was 321.766 billion yuan, up by 4.2%; The added value of the secondary industry was 2,396.643 billion yuan, up by 3.7%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 2,717.101 billion yuan, up by 5.2%. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 5.9% of the gross regional product, the value added of the secondary industry accounted for 44.1%, and the value added of the tertiary industry accounted for 50.0%. The per capita GDP was 129,865 yuan, an increase of 4.5 percent over the previous year. ^[131]

In 2023, the per capita disposable income of Fujian residents was 45,426 yuan, an increase of 5.4 percent over the previous year, or 5.4 percent in real terms after deducting price factors. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 26,722 yuan, up by 6.9%, or 6.9% in real terms after deducting price factors; The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 56,153 yuan, up by 4.3 percent or 4.2 percent in real terms. The per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.10, down 0.05 from the previous year.

In 2023, the per capita living consumption expenditure of Fujian residents will be 31,869 yuan, an increase of 6.1 percent over the previous year, or 6.1 percent in real terms after deducting price factors. The per capita living and consumption expenditure of rural residents was 21,746 yuan, an increase of 6.3%, or 6.3% in real terms after deducting price factors; The per capita expenditure for living and consumption of urban residents was 37,674 yuan, an increase of 5.6%, or 5.4% in real terms after deducting price factors. ^[131-132]

Change of the gross regional product of Fujian Province (2017-2022)

Reference materials: ^[78] ^[87-91]

In 2023, Fujian's fixed asset investment increased by 2.5 percent over the previous year. Investment in the primary industry grew by 9.7%; Investment in the secondary industry grew by 12.0%, of which industrial investment grew by 12.3%; Investment in the tertiary sector fell 2.5 per cent. Infrastructure investment grew by 5.7%. The amount of funds in place for the whole year was 5.8% lower than the previous year.

In 2023, the total revenue of Fujian's general public budget will reach 590.788 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year, of which the local general public budget revenue will reach 359.187 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6%. Expenditure in the general public budget is projected to be 586.843 billion yuan, up 3.1%. ^[131]

On December 11, 2023, according to the Announcement of the National Bureau of Statistics on grain Production Data in 2023, the sown area of Fujian in 2023 is 841.1 thousand hectares, the total output is 5.110 million tons, and the output per unit area is 6074.9 kg/ha. ^[124]

Primary industry

Anxi, Fujian: Tea capital of China (3 photos)

The total area of cultivated land in Fujian Province is 18.548 million mu, and the per capita cultivated land is 0.61 mu, less than half of the national average. There are more than 3000 kinds of plants, rich in food crops, oil crops, industrial raw materials crops, fruit tea, vegetables, flowers, edible fungi and other resources.

In 2023, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Fujian Province was 572.921 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3 percent over the previous year. The area under grain cultivation was 841.10 thousand hectares, an increase of 3.49 thousand hectares over the previous year. Grain output was 5.109,700 tons, an increase of 22,600 tons or 0.4 percent over the previous year. Among them, the output of rice was 3.9464 million tons, an increase of 0.89 million tons, an increase of 0.2%.

In 2023, Fujian's pork output will reach 1.3547 million tons, an increase of 5.8%. The output of poultry eggs was 691,300 tons, up 15.6 percent; Milk production was 249,900 tons, up 15.8 percent. At the end of the year, the stock of live pigs was 9.4862 million, down 0.9% from the end of the previous year; A total of 16.9495 million pigs were sold, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year.

In 2023, the total output of fishery products in Fujian Province was 8.902 million tons, an increase of 3.3 percent over the previous year. Among them, the output of fresh water products was 1.024 million tons, an increase of 3.4%; Inshore fishing was 1.529 million tons, down 0.1%; Pelagic fisheries were 551,000 tons, down 10.5%; 5.798 million tons of mariculture were raised, an increase of 5.9%. ^[131-132]

Secondary industry

In 2023, the total industrial added value of Fujian Province increased by 3.4% over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 3.3%. Among them, the light industry decreased by 1.7%, and the heavy industry increased by 7.8%. Mining grew 6.5 per cent, manufacturing 3.2 per cent and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply 3.5 per cent. Industrial products sales rate 96.2%.

In 2023, the added value of 23 out of 38 industrial categories above designated size in Fujian Province achieved positive growth. Among them, the automobile manufacturing industry increased by 15.6%, the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 6.0%, the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry increased by 0.9%, and the electricity and heat production and supply industry increased by 2.3%. The value added of high-tech manufacturing increased by 0.6%. The value added of the equipment manufacturing industry increased by 3.9%. ^[131]

At the end of the year, the installed power generation capacity was 814.138 million kW, an increase of 8.1% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the installed thermal power capacity was 37.169,900 kW, an increase of 1.0%; The installed hydropower capacity was 16,062,400 kW, an increase of 4.4%; The installed capacity of nuclear power was 11.662 million kW, an increase of 5.9%; The installed capacity of wind power was 76.172 million kW, up 2.7%; The installed capacity of solar power generation was 8.7453 million kW, an increase of 88.1%.

In 2023, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in Fujian Province increased by 10.9 percent over the previous year. The cost per 100 yuan of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 86.7 yuan, down 0.17 yuan over the previous year. The operating income margin was 6.07%, an increase of 0.57 percentage points. The asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 54.9 percent at the end of the year, 0.4 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year. ^[131-132]

Tertiary industry

In 2023, the added value of wholesale and retail industry in Fujian Province was 682.575 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year; The value added of the transportation, warehousing and postal industries was 223.842 billion yuan, up by 7.9%; The added value of the accommodation and catering industry was 85.162 billion yuan, up by 11.0%; The added value of the financial industry was 435.589 billion yuan, up by 7.4%; The added value of the real estate industry was 255.245 billion yuan, down 4.9%. The operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 10.9 percent over the previous year.

In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Fujian Province reached 2,2210.957 billion yuan, an increase of 5.0% over the previous year. According to the areas of operation, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 1,912.342 billion yuan, up by 4.8%; Retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas reached 298.615 billion yuan, up 6.5%. Statistics by types of consumption, the retail sales of goods were 2001.957 billion yuan, up by 4.5%; The revenue of catering industry was 2,090.00 billion yuan, up by 10.8%. Of the retail sales of commodities above designated size, the retail sales of communications equipment increased by 18.9 percent over the previous year, furniture by 10.2 percent, sports and entertainment products by 8.8 percent, tobacco and alcohol by 8.5 percent, daily necessities by 6.4 percent, clothing, footwear, hats and textiles by 5.0 percent, grain, oil and food by 4.7 percent, and petroleum and products by 3.9 percent. The Chinese and Western medicine category increased by 3.4%, the beverage category increased by 1.9%, the cultural office supplies category increased by 1.9%, and the automobile category decreased by 5.9%. ^[131-132]

In 2023, the total amount of cargo transported in Fujian will be 1,78760,400 tons, an increase of 5.7 percent over the previous year, and the turnover of cargo transportation will be 1,223.542 billion ton-kilometers, an increase of 7.9 percent. The total number of passengers transported was 287.9534 million, up 58.7 percent, and the passenger transport turnover was 100.418 billion person-kilometers, up 96.2 percent.

In 2023, the total import and export of goods in Fujian Province was 1,974.35 billion yuan, down 0.2% from the previous year. In particular, the export value was 1,176.64 billion yuan, down 2.7%; Imports totaled 797.71 billion yuan, up 3.9%.

By the end of 2023, the deposit balance of local and foreign currencies in financial institutions in Fujian Province was 8,102.113 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1% over the end of the previous year; The outstanding loans in local and foreign currencies of financial institutions reached 8,238,764 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the end of the previous year. By the end of 2023, the balance of RMB loans of rural cooperative financial institutions was 722.262 billion yuan, an increase of 12.2% over the end of the previous year. The outstanding RMB personal consumption loans of Chinese financial institutions reached 2,422.459 billion yuan, down 2.3% from the end of last year. ^[131]

By the end of 2023, there were 171 A-share listed companies in Fujian Province, 2 more than that at the end of the previous year, with A total market value of 2,847.761 billion yuan; One B-share listed company with a total market value of 528 million yuan.

In 2023, the premium income of insurance companies in Fujian Province was 150.901 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year. Among them, property insurance was 37.194 billion yuan and life insurance was 113.706 billion yuan. The compensation and payment expenditure reached 52.876 billion yuan, up 18.3 percent over the previous year. Among them, property insurance reached 27.24 billion yuan and life insurance reached 25.636 billion yuan.

In 2023, the total amount of telecommunications business completed in Fujian Province (calculated at the constant unit price in 2022) was 53.792 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3%. For the year, the postal industry delivered 6.134 billion items, an increase of 13.4%. Postal mail business reached 28 million, parcel business reached 869,300, express delivery business reached 4.987 billion, and express delivery business revenue reached 38.867 billion yuan. The total number of telephone users at the end of the year was 55.814,900, an increase of 0.1%. Among them, the number of fixed-line telephone users was 6.7098 million, down 1.3 percent; The number of mobile phone users was 49.1051 million, up by 0.3%. The mobile phone penetration rate was 117.25 per 100 people. There were 22,686,600 5G mobile phone users, accounting for 46.2% of all mobile phone users. The number of fixed broadband Internet access users reached 22.612,100, an increase of 5.4%. The household penetration rate of fixed broadband was 128.98 units per 100 households. The number of broadband access users with access rates of 1000Mbps or above reached 4.945,600, accounting for 21.9% of fixed broadband access users. ^[131-132]

In 2023, Fujian received 172.24 million inbound tourists, an increase of 256.9 percent over the previous year. Foreign exchange income from international tourism reached 1.758 billion US dollars, up by 460.4%. The number of domestic tourists reached 57.00358 million, an increase of 45.6%; Domestic tourism revenue reached 685.712 billion yuan, up 59.2%. Total tourism revenue was 698.108 billion yuan, up 61.3%. ^[131]

In 2023, the import and export volume of Fujian Province was 1.97 trillion yuan, down 0.2% year-on-year. Specifically, the export was 1.18 trillion yuan, down 2.7 percent; Imports reached 797.71 billion yuan, up 3.9%. ^[125]

Social undertaking

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EDITOR

Educational cause

In 2023, Fujian will enroll 30,100 graduate students, with 90,500 students and 23,400 graduates. Regular college enrollment of 370,800 people (including higher vocational enrollment of 199,300 people), 1,139,900 students, 297,800 graduates. Secondary vocational education (excluding technical schools) enrolls 142,500 students, with 409,900 students and 116,300 graduates. Regular high schools enrolled 289,900 students, with 803,700 students and 219,700 graduates. Of the 528,300 students enrolled in junior high schools, 1,577,000 were enrolled, and 513,800 were graduates. Regular primary schools enrolled 638,200 students, 3,697,900 students, and 530,300 graduates. Special education enrollment of 30,600 students, 30,200 graduates. There were 1,354,400 children in kindergartens receiving preschool education. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education was 99.49%, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school was 97.24%. ^[131-132]

As of October 2022, there are 89 institutions of higher learning in Fujian Province, including 39 undergraduate institutions and 50 junior colleges. ^[94]

List of colleges and universities in Fujian Province
city	level	name
Fuzhou City	Undergraduate course	Fuzhou University , Fujian Normal University , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fujian Medical University , Fujian University of Chinese Medicine , Fujian University of Science and Technology , Fuyao University of Technology , Fujian College of Commerce , Fujian Police College , Fujian Normal College of Technology , Fuzhou Institute of Business and Industry , Fuzhou Institute of Foreign Languages and Foreign Trade , Fuzhou Institute of Technology , Fujian Jiangxia College , Minjiang University , Sunshine College , Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University , Fujian Normal University Union College , Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fuzhou City	Junior college	Fuzhou Vocational and Technical College , Fuzhou Melbourne Polytechnic Vocational College , Fujian shipping and transportation vocational College , Fujian College of Information Technology , Fujian Agricultural Vocational and Technical College , Fujian Health Vocational and Technical College , Fujian Bioengineering Vocational and Technical College , Fujian Art Vocational College , Fujian Preschool Teachers College , Fuzhou Polytechnic of Science and Technology , Fuzhou Software Vocational and technical College , Fujian Sports Vocational and Technical College , Minjiang Normal College , Fujian South China Vocational College for Women , Fuzhou Yinghua Vocational College , Fuzhou Liming Vocational and technical College
Xiamen City	Undergraduate course	Xiamen University , Jimei University , Huaqiao University Xiamen Campus , Xiamen Medical College , Xiamen University of Technology , Xiamen Institute of Technology , Xiamen Huaxia College , Chengyi College, Jimei University
Xiamen City	Junior college	Xiamen Marine Vocational and Technical College , Xiamen City Vocational College , Xiamen Vocational College for Performing Arts , Xiamen Software Vocational and Technical College , Xiamen Security Technology Vocational College , Xiamen Huatian foreign vocational and technical College , Xiamen Xingcai Vocational and Technical College , Xiamen Nanyang Vocational College , Xiamen Donghai Vocational and Technical College
Quanzhou City	Undergraduate course	Huaqiao University , Jinjiang Campus, Fuzhou University , Yang Eun University , Quanzhou Normal College , Quanzhou College of Information Engineering , Quanzhou Polytechnic University , Minnan Institute of Technology , Minnan Institute of Science and Technology
Quanzhou City	Junior college	Liming Vocational University , Fujian Electric Power Vocational and technical College , Quanzhou preschool Teachers College , Quanzhou Medical College , Quanzhou Marine Vocational College , Quanzhou light industry vocational College , Quanzhou Arts and Crafts vocational College , Quanzhou Engineering Vocational and technical College , Quanzhou Economic and trade vocational and technical college , Quanzhou textile and garment vocational College , Quanzhou Huaguang Vocational College
Zhangzhou City	Undergraduate course	Minnan Normal University , Jiageng College, Xiamen University
Zhangzhou City	Junior college	Zhangzhou Vocational and Technical College , Zhangzhou City Vocational College , Zhangzhou Science and Technology Vocational College , Zhangzhou Polytechnic Vocational College , Zhangzhou Health Vocational College
Nanping City	Undergraduate course	Wuyi University
Nanping City	Junior college	Fujian Forestry Vocational and Technical College , Minbei Vocational and technical College , Wuyishan Vocational College
Sanming City	Undergraduate course	Sanming University
Sanming City	Junior college	Fujian Water Conservancy and Electric Power Technical College , Sanming Medical Science and Technology Vocational College
Ningde City	Undergraduate course	Ningde Teachers College
Ningde City	Junior college	Ningde Vocational and Technical College
Longyan City	Undergraduate course	Longyan College
Longyan City	Junior college	Minxi Vocational and Technical College
Putian City	Undergraduate course	Putian University
Putian City	Junior college	Meizhou Bay Vocational and technical College ^[95]

Science and technology

In 2023, Fujian Province has built 38 provincial industrial technology research institutes. It has 10 state key laboratories, 2 national key laboratories, 7 provincial innovation laboratories, 267 provincial key laboratories, 7 national engineering and technology research centers, 527 provincial engineering and technology research centers, and 220 provincial new research and development institutions. There are 136 engineering research centers (engineering laboratories) at the provincial level or above, including 6 national engineering research centers (engineering laboratories), 97 provincial engineering research centers (engineering laboratories), and 33 national and local joint engineering research centers (engineering laboratories). We have built 72 national record maker Spaces, 4 national professional maker Spaces, 369 provincial maker Spaces, 27 national science and technology business incubators, 69 provincial science and technology business incubators, and a total of 13,116 incubating enterprises and entrepreneurial teams. There are 12,080 national high-tech enterprises. There are 1 national technology innovation demonstration enterprises, 7 national enterprise technology centers and 132 provincial enterprise technology centers. 120,264 patents were authorized, of which 17,858 were invention patents. By the end of the year, 90,927 invention patents were in force, an increase of 21.1 percent over the previous year, and the number of invention patents was 21.7 per 10,000 people. A total of 229,400 new trademarks were registered, and 2.461,600 trademarks were effectively registered, an increase of 8.1 percent over the previous year. A total of 21,175 technology contracts were registered during the year, with a transaction value of 37.5 billion yuan. ^[131]

By the end of 2023, a total of 1,624 institutions in Fujian Province had passed the inspection and testing qualification, 75 fewer than at the end of the previous year. There are 22 national product quality supervision and inspection centers and 36 provincial product quality supervision and inspection centers. There are 18 main certification bodies and 8 sub-certification bodies. There are 28,758 certified organizations and 123,989 certificates of various types. There are 68 legal metrological verification institutions, and about 2.4 million working metrological instruments (pieces) are subject to compulsory verification throughout the year. During the year, we participated in the formulation and revision of 767 national standards and issued 58 local standards. ^[131-132]

By the end of 2022, Fujian Province has a total of 70 state-level surface meteorological observation stations, 3 high-altitude meteorological observation stations, 10 weather radar stations, 19 wind profile radar stations, and 5 large-scale Marine meteorological buoy stations. There are 43 geophysical stations (points), 415 precursor measurements, 128 seismic stations (points), 205 strong vibration observation stations (points), and 60 GNSS observation reference stations. There are 537 monitoring stations for the environment of fishery resources, 235 monitoring stations for the environment of coastal waters, 46 buoy stations for Marine hydrometeorological observation, and 45 automatic coastal tide monitoring stations. The Department of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information approved 269 maps for public publication. ^[78]

Cultural undertaking

By the end of 2023, Fujian's cultural system has 70 state-owned art performance groups, 95 public libraries, 95 cultural centers, 100 state-owned museums and 41 non-state-owned museums. Throughout the year, various art performance groups of the cultural system performed 9,868 offline performances, with 4,0941 audiences, and 116 plays were premiered this year. There are 117 archives of various types and levels. By the end of 2023, there were 418 cinemas with 2,431 screens, and the annual film box office was 1.789 billion yuan. There are 3 radio stations, 3 television stations, 68 radio and television stations, and 1 educational television station. There are 7.251,000 cable TV subscribers, and the digital rate is 100%. The comprehensive coverage of radio programs was 99.89%; The comprehensive coverage rate of TV programs is 99.90%. ^[131]

Medical and health care

In 1949, after the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Fujian, the People's Liberation Army was established in Fuzhou, Xiamen and other cities Military control commission And with the health personnel accompanying the army as the backbone, they successively received the health institutions left by the Kuomintang government in various places. At that time, Fujian faced many things Infectious disease A serious threat. In September 1949, Fujian Provincial People's Government Health department Established to strengthen the leadership of health administration. Under the guidance of the health work policy of focusing on workers, peasants and soldiers, giving priority to prevention and uniting Chinese and western medicine, epidemic prevention committees have been set up one by one, with the participation and leadership of responsible party and government officials at all levels, focusing on the prevention and control of diseases that seriously endanger people's health, strengthening quarantine work at seaports, and truly exercising sovereignty over border health and quarantine. Promote maternal and child health care with new midwifery as the center to protect the safety of mothers and children; Promulgate the provisional rules for the management of self-employed doctors, carry out the initial construction of the health community, and strengthen the health administration; Health publicity should be carried out, medical education should be strengthened, and all kinds of health personnel in urgent need should be trained. Then, it took over the church-run hospitals and vocational schools for nurses and midwives, and implemented a new health management system.

In 1952, in Resist America and aid Korea 中，为响应毛泽东提出的动员起来，讲究卫生，减少疾病，提高健康水平，粉碎敌人的细菌战争的号召，全省掀起了轰轰烈烈的 Patriotic health campaign . Provincial, prefectural, city and county governments have generally established patriotic health campaign committees, involving all relevant departments in coordinated operations, and earnestly implementing the health work policy of combining health work with mass campaigns. Local (city) and county health departments and bureaus were also established in the early 1950s. At the same time, it also encourages large enterprises in the province to set up staff hospitals and vigorously supports overseas Chinese hospitals to lay a foundation for further health work. Due to the combination of leadership, professionals and the masses, and learning from the existing experience in epidemic prevention, it was soon eliminated cholera and variola Have taken control pestis The popularity of...

By the end of 2023, Fujian Province had a total of 30,000 medical and health institutions at all levels, including 732 hospitals, 877 health centers and 16,000 village clinics. By the end of the year, there were 326,000 health technicians, including 123,000 practicing (assistant) physicians and 145,000 registered nurses. By the end of the year, there were 242,000 beds in medical institutions, including 193,000 in hospitals and 40,000 in grass-roots medical and health institutions. ^[132]

Sports cause

In 2022, Fujian athletes won a total of 15 gold, 20 silver and 25 bronze MEDALS in the country's highest level competitions. Held 40 provincial youth sports events, involving 15,000 people. We will build 20 smart sports parks and 30 swimming pools for private practical projects. Two new national sports industry demonstration units and one demonstration project were added. Sales of sports lottery totaled 10.351 billion yuan. ^[78]

Environmental protection

In 2022, the overall water quality of major river basins in Fujian Province will be excellent, with the proportion of class I to III water quality reaching 98.7%. The water quality of centralized drinking water sources above the county level reached 100%. Among the 142 state-controlled points in coastal waters included in the national assessment, the water quality area of Class I and II seawater accounted for 85.8%. The proportion of days with good air quality in the nine districted cities remained stable, PM 2.5 The average annual concentration was 19 micrograms per cubic meter. The air quality of cities above the county level has reached the second-level national air quality standards. Nine cities, one district, 11 county-level cities and Changle District, Longhai District, Jianyang District, the regional sound environment quality of 13 cities; Road traffic sound environmental quality in 16 cities, the second level of the city 7. The harmless treatment rate of municipal and county household garbage is 100%, and the sewage treatment rate is 97.94%. ^[105]

Social security

By the end of 2023, the number of people participating in basic old-age insurance for urban workers in Fujian Province was 17.8890 million, an increase of 1.1451 million over the end of the previous year. A total of 1.910,300 retirees from enterprises participated in basic old-age insurance, and all of them received their pensions in full and on time. A total of 38.3346 million people participated in basic medical insurance. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 7.630,600, an increase of 17,200 over the end of the previous year. The number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits at the end of the year was 76,100, an increase of 14,200 over the end of the previous year; 70,900 residents were covered by minimum living allowances in urban areas, an increase of 30,100 over the end of the previous year; The number of rural residents covered by minimum living allowances reached 527,300, an increase of 22,700 over the end of the previous year. There were 68,300 people living in extreme poverty in urban and rural areas. ^[131-132]

By the end of 2022, Fujian had 279,000 nursing beds of various types (including 139,600 institutional nursing beds), with 38.9 nursing beds for every 1,000 elderly people. 18,242 community service centers (stations) were established. The annual sales of social welfare lottery totaled 4.416 billion yuan, raising 1.419 billion yuan in welfare lottery public welfare funds. ^[78]

People's livelihood

From June 1, 2023, Fujian Province will implement cross-provincial marriage registration, which can be carried out locally without returning to the place of origin transact ^[81] .

transportation

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EDITOR

summarize

The railway transportation in Fujian Province has entered the era of high-speed rail, with an operating mileage of more than 4,000 kilometers, and the density of the road network is twice that of the national average. The length of expressways opened to traffic exceeded 6,000 kilometers, the density of the road network was among the highest in China, and every county had expressways. The actual annual handling capacity of the port exceeds 800 million tons, Port of Xiamen , Fuzhou Port , Meizhou Bay Each port has reached the rank of 100 million tons. It has 6 civil airports and nearly 400 air routes, connecting to major cities in the world.

In 2023, the length of highways opened to traffic in Fujian Province will be 115,646 kilometers, an increase of 2.5 percent over the previous year. The total length of expressways opened to traffic was 6,168.59 km, an increase of 0.2%. The operating length of railways was 4,574.0 kilometers, an increase of 8.1 percent. The total volume of cargo transported in the year was 1,7876,604 tons, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year, and the turnover of cargo transport was 1,223,542 billion tonne-kilometers, an increase of 7.9%. The total number of passengers transported was 287.9534 million, up 58.7 percent, and the passenger transport turnover was 100.418 billion person-kilometers, up 96.2 percent. The cargo throughput of coastal ports was 748.9425 million tons, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year. Among them, the throughput of foreign trade goods was 290,514,500 tons, an increase of 12.7 percent. Container throughput was 18.1787 million TEU, an increase of 1.0%. By the end of the year, the number of civilian automobiles was 8.705,900, an increase of 435,200 over the previous year, of which 7.604,600 were private automobiles, an increase of 418,400. The number of civilian cars was 5.188,600, an increase of 228,800, among which the number of private cars was 4.799,300, an increase of 233,700. ^[134]

aviation

Fujian three international airports (3 photos)

In 2019, Fujian Civil Aviation completed 277,100 tons of cargo; Completed cargo turnover of 694 million tons kilometers. The number of passengers reached 36.180,600, an increase of 8.7%; The passenger turnover was 60.113 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 8.6%. ^[5]

Fujian civil transport Airport
Airport name	Airport location	Airport type
Fuzhou Changle International Airport	Fuzhou City Changle District	International civil aviation airport
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport	Xiamen City Huli District	International civil aviation airport
Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport	Quanzhou City Jinjiang City	International joint military and civilian airport
Wuyishan Airport	Nanping City Wuyishan City	Domestic military and civilian airfields
Guanzhai mountain airport, Longyan	Longyan City Liancheng county	Domestic military and civilian airfields
Sanmingsha County airport	Sanming City Shaxian District	Domestic regional airport
(Built as of June 2022, excluding Kinmen and Matsu regions) References ^[10]

railway

Fuzhou-xiamen Railway

Since the 1950s, due to the mountainous terrain and long-term combat readiness, the railway development in Fujian Province has been difficult. Since the 21st century, according to the overall idea of building high-speed railways, strengthening sea access, connecting regional lines, and improving the West Coast network, West Taiwan Strait Economic zone Efforts will be made to build a channel railway network of three vertical, six horizontal and nine rings. On June 28, 2015, the province's first high-speed railway with a design speed of 300km/h -- Hefu high-speed Railway Officially opened for operation.

As of December 2018, the following railways have been built or under construction in Fujian Province: Feng-fu railway , Yingzhou-xiamen railway , Gan-dragon Railway , Mekan railway , Zhangquan Railway , Railway between Wenzhou and Fuzhou , Fuzhou-xiamen high-speed Railway , Longzhou-xiamen railway , Xiangbhua-gansu railway , Xiamen-shenzhen railway , Nanlong Railway When it has been completed, it has basically formed a railway network. In 2019, the railway mileage of the province was 3,509.5 kilometers. ^[5] In 2020, Fuping Railway , Quzhou-ningxia Railway Successively opened. ^[11-12] On December 30, 2022, Xingquan Railway To achieve full line operation. On September 28, 2023, Fuzhou-xiamen high-speed Railway Open to traffic. ^[98]

Among the railways under construction are: Pu-mei Railway .

highroad

In ancient times, Fujian Province and Central Plains (The narrow meaning of Central Plains refers to today Henan (Province) area ^[44] Traffic was blocked and development was late. In the record, in Qin and Han Dynasties Only later will there be access to neighboring provinces. The Three Kingdoms Sunwu State Five attacks on Fujian to promote the opening of the road in Fujian. Tang Gan Fu five years (878), Huang Chao The ministry into Minkan Mountain seven hundred miles, open up a new channel for Minzhe. Tang and Song dynasties, Fujian Post road With the development, the post system is becoming complete. In the Qing Dynasty, a relatively complete land transportation network was formed. However, due to the continuous mountains and valleys in the territory, it has not been developed into a road for vehicles and horses.

Xinhai Revolution Soon after, Xu Shiying He served as the governor of Fujian Province, began to build Fuzhou urban road, and completed the first road in Fuzhou from the water department through Wangzhuang to Fuxin Street in Taijiang in 1916. The Yanfuquan Automobile Company, jointly organized by government and business, planned to build a car road from Nanping to Quanzhou via Fuzhou, and built Fuzhou West Gate to Quanzhou in the following year Hongshan Bridge 5 kilometers, for Fujian Province to build a road pioneer. At that time, along the coastal area of southern Fujian, patriotic overseas Chinese were enthusiastic about the construction of Sangzi, and many overseas Chinese and local gentry merchants initiated the construction of roads. In 8 years of the Republic of China, it began to build Zhangfu Road, the first road in the province. However, due to the separation of warlords, years of war, road construction was deeply affected, and finally Beiyang government During the period, only 412 kilometers of roads were built in the province, and most of them were limited to the southeast of Fujian. In the 1930s, Fujian highway began to develop, and the Kuomintang government built Minyue, Fujian-Jiangxi, Minzhe and other inter-provincial highways for military needs. War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression After the outbreak, although there were still new roads in the mainland of Fujian, the sea trunk and coastal roads were mostly damaged. In the later period of the liberation War, due to the serious damage along the way of the Kuomintang army's defeat, and long-term disrepair and maintenance, by the eve of liberation in 1949, the province only had 3,384 kilometers of crumbling roads, and only 945 kilometers could be opened to traffic, and the standard was low and the road condition was very poor.

After 1949, the development of highway transportation has opened up broad prospects. In 1950, large-scale road construction began. On the one hand, it is necessary to complete the construction of East China branch road to support the great cause of liberation and consolidate coastal defense; On the other hand, the damaged roads should be fully restored to support the recovery and development of industrial and agricultural production. By the end of 1952, the victory completed the key road construction tasks during the pre-support and restoration periods. By the end of 1954, the restoration and renovation of the original roads had been fully completed, and the technical condition of the roads had been significantly improved, and the roads had taken on a new look. In 1955, the large-scale construction of new roads began, and by the end of 1957, the mileage of traffic in the province had reached 6034 kilometers, leaving only five counties without roads. This is the peak of the development of Fujian highway, which laid the basic skeleton of Fujian highway. In 1958, in the implementation of the policy of the whole Party and the whole people running traffic and building roads at the local level (that is, relying on the local level and relying on the masses and giving priority to popularization), county and township roads developed rapidly, and by the end of the year, roads were accessible to counties and counties. By the end of 1960, the total length of roads in the province had reached 13,269 kilometers, enabling 80% of people's communes (townships) and 55% of production brigades (villages) to have roads. From 1966 to 1976, road construction was under way Cultural revolution Interference is in a tortuous state of development.

Xiaxa-sha Expressway

The Communist Party of China (CPC) The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee Later, from the closed investment in road maintenance fees to a pioneering type of multi-level, multi-channel, multi-forms of fund-raising to build highways; From the past relatively single development of the road network has changed to pay attention to the outward radiation development and railway, water transport, aviation and other integrated transport networking. Fujian from a land transportation is very blocked, backward province, built a provincial capital as the center, connecting the province's cities and counties, industrial and mining bases, major ports, tourist resorts to reach all directions of the road network. ^[13] In 2019, the province's highway mileage was 109,785.16 kilometers, an increase of 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, The West Coast Highway The mileage of Netcom vehicles was 5,535.32 kilometers, an increase of 3.6%. ^[5]

waterway

Fujian Province back mountains face the sea, Hong Kong and Macao ying ring, islands scattered. North coast Fuding Shacheng Nanshan Pass, south extension A surname At the western end of the mouth of the palace, the straight line is 535 kilometers long, the curve is 3,324 kilometers long, and the coastal islands reach more than 1,400. The winding coastline and dotted islands form a number of excellent harbours, which can be navigable by 50,000-100,000 ton vessels Shacheng Bay , Sandu Bay , Luoyuan Bay , Fuqing Bay , Xinghua Bay , Meizhou Bay , Xiamen Bay , Dongsanman Let's wait. ^[14] In 2019, the province's water transport freight volume was 422,626,100 tons, and the cargo turnover was 713.560 billion kilometers. ^[5]

subway

As of August 2023, Fujian Province has been opened Fuzhou Metro , Xiamen Metro Two city subway systems. Among them, Fuzhou Metro operates a total of 5 lines, namely Fuzhou Metro Line 1 , Fuzhou Metro Line 2 , Fuzhou Metro Line 4 , Fuzhou Metro Line 5 , Fuzhou Metro Line 6 . It has a total length of 142.74 km and 92 stations. ^[15] ^[59] ^[96] Xiamen Metro There are 3 operating lines, i.e Xiamen Metro Line 1 , Xiamen Metro Line 2 , Xiamen Metro Line 3 . It has a total mileage of 98.4 kilometers and 77 stations.

History and culture

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EDITOR

Cultural deposits

As early as 180,000 years ago, there were Ancient humans in Longevity Rock One belt activity. It's 5,000 years old Tanshishan culture , Southern fujian culture , Hakka culture , Mazu culture , Ship administration culture And other regional culture unique charm. Zhu Xi , Zheng Chenggong , Lin Zexu , Yan Fu , Chen Jiageng , Ice core , Chen Jingrun For famous people to shine in history. ^[38]

Dialect slang

Fujian Province has long been known for its complex dialects. There are seven categories of Chinese dialects in China, five of which are in Fujian Min dialect , Hakka dialect , Gan dialect , Wu dialect and Mandarin dialect . The formation of dialects is mainly due to the division of society, the migration of people, the integration of nationalities and the geographical barrier. ^[39]

Intangible cultural relics

According to the third national survey of cultural relics, Fujian Province registered a total of 33,251 immovable cultural relics, ranking 10th in the country (700,000 in the country). After the first national survey of movable cultural relics, a total of 469,222 pieces/sets (769,364 pieces) of movable cultural relics were registered in the province. The province has 169 national key cultural relics under protection, 941 provincial cultural relics under protection, and about 5,100 municipal and county-level cultural relics under protection. Announced as cultural relics protection units at all levels: 1,657 immovable revolutionary cultural relics, 1,515 Taiwan-related cultural relics (accounting for about three-quarters of the total number of Taiwan-related cultural relics in the country), 218 sea silk cultural relics. Archaeological discoveries: Sanming Wanshouyan Site (2000), Pucheng Maoershan Shang Dynasty kiln site (2005), Pucheng Guanjiu village mound tomb (2006), Zhangping Qihedong site (2012), Yongchun Kuzhakeng kiln site (2016), and other five archaeological discoveries were selected as the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country that year; Wanshouyan Site, Chengcun Seoul site, Mingxi Nanshan Site, Dehua Kiln site, Wanli Tea Ceremony (Wuyi Mountain, cross-province project), Ming and Qing coastal defense (Chongwu City Wall, Zhenhaiwei City site, Huli Mountain fort, Majang Sea Battle fort, Tingjiang Fort, etc., cross-province project) are included in the national important sites during the 13th Five-Year Plan period; Mansuam Archaeological Site Park and Seongchon Seoul Archaeological Site Park were included in the second batch of national archaeological site park project list; There is a national archaeological site park: Wanshou Rock archaeological site Park. ^[74]

By the end of 2021, a total of nine projects in Fujian Province have been included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List (roster), among which Nanyin, Mazu Xinshu, Chinese paper-cut (Chinese paper-cut). Zhangpu , Zherong County ), Chinese traditional wooden structure building skills (folk houses in southern Fujian), king ship - ceremonies and related practices related to the sustainable connection between people and the sea, and Chinese traditional tea making skills and related customs were selected into the Representative list of intangible Cultural Heritage of humanity; Two projects, the traditional construction technique of Chinese wooden arch bridge and the manufacturing technique of Chinese watertight bulkhead boat, were selected into the intangible cultural heritage list in urgent need of protection; "Fujian Puppet Show successor talent Training Plan" was selected into the outstanding practice roster. Fujian Province now has 145 national representative intangible cultural heritage projects, 143 representative inheritors, 145 protection units, and 2 cultural ecological protection (experimental) areas; There are 705 provincial representative intangible cultural heritage projects, 775 protection units, 917 inheritors, 1 cultural and ecological protection reserve, and 15 cultural and ecological protection demonstration sites. ^[75]

World cultural heritage : Wuyi Mountain World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site (December 1999); Fujian Tulou World Cultural Heritage, (July 2008); Gulangyu Island, Xiamen: World Cultural Heritage of Historical International Community (July 2017); Quanzhou: The World Maritime Trade Center of Song and Yuan China (July 2021).

World cultural heritage Preparing: The Maritime Silk Road , Three lanes and seven alleys , Minzhe wood arcade bridge Southern Fujian red brick building, ten thousand Li tea ceremony ^[74]

Traditional village

lot	List of Traditional Villages (Part)	Selected quantity
First batch	Min 'an Village, Tingjiang Town, Mawei District, Fuzhou City, Qinjiang Village, Hangcheng Street, Changle City, Sanming City, Lai 'an Village, Lai Fang Township, Qingliu County, Sanming City, Jiyang Township, Jiyang Village, Jiyang County, Jiyang County, Jiyang County, Jiyang County, Sanming City, Liangdi Village, Wanquan Township, Hufang Town, Mingxi County, Sanming City, Xiayang Township, Taixi County, Youxi County, Sanming City, Cover bamboo village, three Ming City Youxi County Taixi Township Shujing village, etc ^[106]	forty-eight
Second batch	Mingxi County, Sanming City, Chengguan Township, Cuizhu Yang Village, Yanxi Street, Yongan City, Sanming City, Yongan City, small Tao town eight village, Sanming City, Yongan City, Qingshui Village, Canghai She village, Quanzhou City, Yongchun County, 岵 mountain town, 岵 village, Yongchun County, Quanzhou City, 岵 mountain town, shop village, Guanqiao town, Nanan City, Quanzhou City, Tianbao town, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou City, Hong hole Village, Zhangpu County Zhangzhou City old town town stone ox tail village, etc ^[107]	twenty-five
The third batch	Shengkeng Village, Zhongfang Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Yuezhou Village, Songkou Town, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Tongyang Village, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Nanling Town, Fuqing City, Fuzhou City; Dashan Village, Food and Vegetable Cuo Village, Suao Town, Pingtan County, Pingtan County, Pingtan County, Dongmei Village, Pingtan County, Pingtan County, Pingtan County. Pingtan comprehensive experimental area Pingtan County Aodong town Qingguanding village, Pingtan comprehensive experimental area Pingtan County Baiqing Township Baisha village, etc ^[108]	fifty-two
Fourth batch	Lingdou Village, Zhongfang Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Taliyang Village, Feizhu Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Qiaodong Village, Meixi Town, Minqing County, Fuzhou City; Xinhu Village, Bandong Town, Minqing County, Fuzhou City; Xikou Village, Songkou Town, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Daonan Village, Songkou Town, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Luyang Village, Xinkou Town, Sanyuan District, Sanming City Ran village, Sanming City Mingxi County Xiafang Township She village, etc ^[109]	104
The fifth batch	Linpu Village, Chengmen Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City; Linjia Village, Zhongfang Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Mandun Village, Zhongfang Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Houfu Village, Zhongfang Town, Luoyuan County, Fuzhou City; Chishui Village, Songkou Town, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Chunyang Village, Wutong Town, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City; Houxi Village, Yongtai County, Fuzhou City Tongguan village, Wutong Town, Yongtai County, etc ^[110]	265
The sixth batch	Longshan Village, Youyang Town, Xianyou County, Putian City, Fujian Province; Houlong Village, Yunlong Township, Minqing County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province; Laiwu Village, Laifang Town, Qingliu County, Sanming City, Fujian Province; Xialing Village, Hukeng Town, Nanzhong Village, Yongding District, Longyan City, Fujian Province; Xianxi Village, Shekou Town, Fuan City, Ningde City, Fujian Province; Shakeng Village, Shangbaishi Town, Fuan City, Ningde City, Fujian Province Longtan Village, Xieling Township, Nanxian County, Dongkeng Village, Yupeng Township, Qingliu County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, Gongchuan Town, Yongan City, Fujian Province, etc ^[111]	58

Customs and people's feelings

The Dragon Boat Festival (Shishi Dragon Boat Festival Fujian and Taiwan customs)

This custom is a national intangible cultural heritage project, which began in Ming Dynasty, flourished in Qing Dynasty, and is popular in Arca River, Shishi City, Fujian Province. It is a special custom of Dragon Boat Festival activities between Arca River and Lugang people on the other side of the strait. From 1 PM to 5 PM on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival (high tide to low tide), dozens of small boats from all over the world sail to Arca River ancient ferry to race and shuttle. People use a variety of buckets, spoons, buckets filled with sea water, chasing each other, also known as the sea splashing Festival, so the custom is also regarded as a big baptism of people and ships, people to exorcise evil to eliminate disasters, pray for peace at sea. ^[112]

Rui Yun April eight ox rest festival

Ruiyun is one of the She ethnic settlements in the She ethnic township of Xiamen, where She ethnic compatriots explored land, fought bravely, and expressed their feelings with songs, creating a splendid and unique national culture in the long history, and has maintained its unique national costumes, marriage customs, folk songs and other folk customs. The eighth song King's day in April of the lunar calendar, also known as the ox rest Festival. In order to commemorate the two singing Kings of the She family, Zhong Ziqi and Zhong Yi, She people set up altars to offer sacrifices, hold singing parties, sing and drink on the eighth day of April every year, and regard this day as the April Eight Song Wang Festival of the She people's traditional festival. At the same time, this day is also the festival of She's farm cattle, in order to reward the farm cattle for their hard work for a year, it is strictly prohibited to whip the cattle soul, but also to provide good forage and the best home-brewed cattle wine for the cattle to eat and drink, and the shepherd boy loudly sings the cow song over and over: the horn is born flat, the body is carrying a thousand pounds of plow, the buffalo cooks for human food, and rests for a while on the eighth day of April. ^[113]

Shibi Hakka ancestor worship custom

Ninghua Shibi is the transit station for the great migration of Hakka ancestors from north to south, and is known as the ancestral land of Hakka. Since 1995, Ninghua has held a worldwide ancestor worship ceremony every year, which has been held for the 29th time, attracting more than 1.3 million people from all walks of life from all over the world to Shibi to find their roots and have an audience with their ancestors, make pilgrimages and pray for their blessings. Shibi Hakka ancestor worship custom was included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in May 2011. ^[114]

Culture and art

Art category	name	introduce
Traditional drama	Liyuan Opera	Liyuan Opera originated in Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and is known as the living fossil of ancient Southern opera. Liyuan Opera is widely broadcast in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen and other places in Fujian Province. There are "Zhu Wen", "Liu Wenlong", "CAI Bo Declined", "Wang Kui" and other plays. ^[115]
Traditional drama	Chaozhou opera	Chaozhou opera, also known as Chaozhou opera, Chaozhou opera, Chaoyin opera, Baizi opera, etc., is an ancient traditional local opera performed in Chaoshan dialect (southern Zhangzhou uses Minnan dialect). It integrates beautiful singing music and unique performance forms into operas with rich local characteristics. Chaozhou opera is mainly popular in the south of Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. ^[116]
Performing arts	Southern accent	Nanyin is a performing art that integrates singing and playing. It is sung in Quanzhou dialect and mainly played on pipa, Dongxiao, Erxian, Sanxian, clapper and other Musical Instruments. It is written in the characters of Baokong, Liu Si and 5 characters. The existing more than 3,000 ancient Qu scores retain different types of pieces from Jin (265 to 420) to Qing (1644 to 1911). ^[117]
Traditional music	Suona Art (Changting Gong Blowing)	Changting Gong Blow is a kind of folk instrumental music played in Changting County in west Fujian Province. It is mainly played by the pair of Gong blow and Gong blow, accompanied by strings, plucked instruments, and percussion instruments such as drum, drum, big cymbal, small cymbal, cloud gong and big gong. ^[118]
Traditional dance	Exorcising dance (Shaowu Nuo Dance)	Shaowu Nuo dance is an ancient dance form in Shaowu City, Fujian province. It is popular in Dabugang, Heping, Xiaojiafang, Guilin, Jinkeng and other towns in Shaowu. Shaowu Nuo dance retains the original image of exorcism in ritual music dance, without story or rap, and has obvious charm of ancient Nuo in masks, costumes and dance movements. In addition to retaining the original plague and ghost content in the Central Plains, Shaowu dance Nuo also added content such as praying for health and peace, children, and academic success. During the performance, the dancers wear masks, and the brain suffix is a red cloth. They shuttle and jump back and forth with the drum music, singing and dancing on the empty land, and the dance movements are complex, showing a simple and rough temperament. ^[119]
Traditional dance	Alpine people holding hands dance	The hand-holding dance is a kind of self-entertainment folk dance of the Gaoshan nationality, which spreads in coastal areas such as Fujian. It can be performed on festive festivals or wedding ceremonies, and can also be used for entertainment in peacetime. Daily hand dancing is as few as three or five people, more than dozens of people, grand festival participants can reach hundreds of people. During the dance, participants form a circle or several circles, mostly advancing and retreating along the circle or facing the center of the circle, in addition to single row, double row, spiral, dragon tail swing and other formations. ^[120]

Food culture

Fujian city famous dishes (9 photos)

Before Qin and Han dynasties, the native people of Fujian liked to live near the water. In terms of diet, Neolithic age The Panshishan people collect shellfish and Marine mollusks as the main source of food, such as" Ruzhou book In: Dongyue sea clam. In the Fuqing Dongzhang cultural site, found millet and straw The traces of the grain indicate that cereals also played an important role in the food structure at that time.

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, agricultural production in Fujian developed. rice Is the staple food, fish, clams, fruits for non-staple food, Historiography · Cargo Biography Chu Yue land, sparsely populated, rice soup fish, or fire farming and water beans, fruit mangos. Chuyue includes Fujian. At that time, there was a little surplus of grain, which was used for brewing.

After the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains (the narrow Central Plains refers to the present Henan area; The broad Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the whole Yellow River basin ^[44] People began to migrate into Fujian, and they brought Central Plains Wheat has become one of the main foods, and people also grow crops such as soybeans. After the Tang and Song dynasties, with the rapid development of Fujian's economy and the prosperity of maritime trade, Fujian's food categories were greatly enriched, and the cooking of dishes was also paid attention to. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Sweet potato It was introduced from overseas and became one of the staple foods in some areas of Fujian.

After Ming and Qing dynasties, Fujian Cuisine Gradually form characteristics. Flavored snacks are more famous in China for their variety and good taste, and form different regional characteristics.

In terms of hospitality customs, in addition to treating tea, boiled eggs are also a common custom. In the aspect of banquet custom, since modern times, it has gradually become luxurious, and there are many rules. In the folk, there are also many popular dietary taboos. Drinking tea in Fujian has a history of thousands of years, especially drinking tea, has become an indispensable part of People's Daily life; Since Tang and Song Dynasties, Tea fight The wind is flourishing, the "tea ceremony" in southern Fujian and the "Hakka" Lei Cha "Renowned at home and abroad.

Origin of name

fujian

Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) (8 photos)

fujian The earliest records of the ancient Chinese encyclopedia" The Classic of Mountains and Rivers "In the South of the sea · Volume 10" : "Min in the sea, its northwest mountains, one said Min Zhongshan in the sea." Han Dynasty Xu Shen The monograph of Chinese characters Shuowen Jiezi Cloud: "Min, southeast more, snake species, from the worm, door sound." The snake species here is the snake clan, that is, the clan that believes in the snake god. Min word is made from worm, door sound. Worm word to the snake solution, that is, the family to worship the snake, Min Yue people totem for the snake. ^{18 [19]} The definition of Min people is snake worship ethnic group; Can be used as evidence is the writing of the Min character, and the ancient people called the snake as a long worm, which can be interpreted as Fujian is a mountain, more snakes and insects, so the door increases the worm character to show its characteristics.

Fujian people have an indissoluble bond with snakes. For thousands of years, snakes have deeply influenced the religious beliefs, folk customs and spiritual culture of Fujian people, forming a unique snake worship culture and customs. ^[20-21]

Fujian has been called Min since ancient times, and the meaning of Min is that there is a snake inside the door. Xu Shen's "Han Dynasty" Shuowen Jiezi It does not belong to the door department, but to the insect department, the interpretation is Min, southeast Vietnam, snake species. Ancient times Baiyue County A major branch of the Vietnamese -- Minyue nationality Live in The Minjiang River Catchment sum Southeast hill And the coastal snake areas, to the snake as the symbol of the clan, or to the snake as a totem, that the snake is the ancestor of the clan to worship, so the Minyue in a long time to retain the snake worship custom, clothed with a document body, like a scaly worm, there Disconnecting body It is customary to draw snakes on the body in order to pray for protection from fierce animals.

The custom of serpentine totem worship has become one of the symbols of Fujian culture. A large number of documents and archaeological excavations have proved that the Minyue people are prevalent in the snake worship, the Wuyi Mountain site of Seoul found a snake decorative pattern of tile, bronze engravings carved with snake. The pottery of the Bronze Age in Fujian three thousand years ago is full of the marks of snake totems-on the pottery there are snake pile statues, on the surface of the pottery there are the design of the spider, and various geometric patterns that imitate the snake skin pattern. Hua 'an County Macheng township Caozai Mountain, Zhao 'an County Guanpi Town Snake-shaped stone carvings were also found in Xikou Village and other places, which fully shows the distinct characteristics of the early Minyue people's belief and worship of snakes. The Eastern Han Dynasty Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Period "" Ultra verse "And other documents all describe the snake totem of Minyue people.

After the Western Han Dynasty, people moved the snake painting on the boat, from then on the Fujian boat will be painted with a snake, the early Qing Dynasty Yuyong River "The Sea Chronicle" says: "In every ship of Min, there must be a snake, named 'wooden dragon'." In some places in central and eastern Fujian, it is popular for women to wear a snake hairpin in their hair. The snake hairpin is made of silver with complicated patterns. The basic style is a small snake with its head held high. In order to highlight the image of small snakes, Minzhong women often put their hair into a number of braids, looking from a distance, like a group of black snakes cluster a white snake, very strange. This snake pin is actually a shrunk-down emblem of the ancient Minyue people - a flying snake, and they wear the snake pin to show that they do not forget their ancestors.

Fujian people to retain a lot of snake related folk customs, many places have built a snake palace temple, to worship the snake god, retained in Changting Luohanling, Nanping Xiqin, Minhou Yangli and Yongchun and other places Snake King \ 's Palace , Fuqing , Putian The temple of the snake King in the area is called the Qinggong Temple. Pinghe County Wenfeng Town Sanping Village It is popular to sleep with snakes. The local growth of a black non-poisonous snake, the family regards it as the god of shelter, called the waiter. Yanping in northern Fujian, Gutian and Youxi in eastern Fujian still retain the ancient snake worship custom. The snake king God in Changting, Yongding and other places in western Fujian was regarded as able to hear strictly and preside over justice. In the past, when people had disputes, they would go to the snake King God to confess their vows.

The rich and simple snake culture permeates the folk customs of the Min people. From the physical point of view, the snake is similar to the dragon. In the twelve zodiac signs, the folk call the snake Xiao Long, and the common belief dragon is evolved from the snake. In the folk of Fujian, the beautiful stories of the combination of man and snake are widely spread throughout the country, such as" serpent The snake Lang Jun in the story is a kind gentleman, and people have adapted it accordingly Fujian opera The Story of Flowers and Birds is loved by people in Fujian and Taiwan.

In addition to Fujian, Fujian also has Seven min Another name for Bamin, is now used to call Bamin. Qi Min was first recorded in "Zhou Li · Xia Guan · Shi Fang", the book says: "Shi Fang's map of the world, in order to control the world, distinguish its state, state, capital, 郫, four Yi, eight man, seven min, nine raccoon dogs, five Rong, six Di people......" Seven Min originally refers to the seven Min descendants tribes scattered in Fujian and southern Zhejiang in the Zhou Dynasty. For example, Jia Gongyan of the Tang Dynasty said in his book Zhou Lishu: "Uncle bear is like a man, and the later son is divided into seven, so it is called Seven Min." It later evolved to refer to Fujian in general.

What is called Babin (a county in Fujian Province) Is because Song Dynasty Be called... Fujian Road , install Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) , Kien Chau , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou , Ting Chau , Nanjian Prefecture And Shao Wujun, Xinghua Army In total, there are eight administrative bodies of the same level, hence the name.

Eastern Fujian : refers to eastern Fujian The Minjiang River The middle and lower reaches and the vast area of the northeastern mountains, near Taiwan Strait and The East China Sea The administration includes Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province) and Ningde . Fuzhou six districts six counties and Fuqing city and Ningde Furuta , Pingnan Two-county traffic Fuzhou dialect Ningde's other counties and cities more passable Fuan dialect . In addition, Lianjiang County administered by Taiwan, China ( The Matsu Islands ) also belongs to the East of Fujian.

Central Fujian : refers to Putian and Three kinds of brightness Parts of... Sanming City municipality Ternary zone , Shaxian District , include Yong 'an City , Youxi county , Datian county , Mingxi county , Qingliu county , Ninghua county , Sha County , Taining county , Jiangle county , Jianning county 9 Cities and counties. Datian is spoken in southern Fujian and eastern Fujian dialects, Three kinds of brightness Minzhong dialect is commonly used in Yongan, Shaxian, Ninghua and Qingliu, Minxi Hakka dialect is commonly used in Ninging, Jiangle, Jianning, Mingxi and Shaowu, and Mindong dialect is commonly used in Youxi, not Minnan dialect. Putian City includes Xianyou County and Inner city area , Licheng District , Hanjiang District , Xiuyu District .

Southern Fujian : refers to southern Fujian Jiulong River , Jinjiang The area of the watershed, pro Taiwan Strait Administratively there is the People's Republic of China Xiamen (in Fujian Province) , Zhangzhou , Quanzhou Three places, the economy is more developed, so there are Southern Fujian Golden Triangle Say. In addition, China's Taiwan jurisdiction Kinmen County Also belong to Southern Fujian . Minnan area for the famous hometown of overseas Chinese, Zhangzhou, spring immigrants, also known as Heluo man It is the ancestral home of most overseas Chinese and Heluo people in Taiwan. Go through Helo language . West adjacent to Minxi place, with Hakka area Transition, too Hakka Distribution points, such as: Zhao 'an County A short style of calligraphy, Guanpi Xia Ge, Taiping, Hongxing and other towns, Yunxiao county , Nanjing County , Pinghe County Part of the area, local Hakka Others emigrated to Taiwan.

Northern Fujian : refers to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in northern Fujian, the southeast side of the northern section of the Wuyi Mountains, Daiyun Mountains Northwest side. Administratively the People's Republic of China Nanping And parts of Sanming; Ningde City in the east, Jiangxi Province in the west Shangrao County A surname Yingtan The city is adjacent to Sanming City in the south and Zhejiang Province in the north Lishui (a county in Shandong Province) City. It is the ancestral home of overseas Chinese Beijing Language and Culture University .

Western Fujian : refers to the westernmost prefecture of Fujian in ancient times Ting Chau In addition to Longyan city and Zhangping, the rest of the counties are The Hakkas Living county, one of the four Hakka states, is also an immigrant Taiwan , An old name for Southeast Asia , Sichuan One of the ancestral homes of Hakka, etc Wuping county Liu Guangdi , Yongding District Wu Boxiong Etc is represented. In modern times, it refers to the westernmost prefecture of Fujian Longyan City . Yongding Tulou for World cultural heritage .

Scenic spot

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Wuyi Mountain (7 photos)

Fujian's tourism resources are rich and unique. Xiamen City Gulangyu Island Scenic Area (2007), Nanping City Wuyi Mountain Scenic Spots (2007), Tulou in Fujian ( Vinh Dinh , Nanjing Tourist Attractions (2011), Sanming City, Fujian Province Taining scenic spot (2011), Quanzhou City Qingyuan Mountain Scenic Spot (2012), Ningde City Mandarin duck Creek in the white Ocean Tourist Area (2012), Ningde City Fuding Taimu Mountain Tourist Areas (2013), Gutian tourist area, Longyan City, Fujian province (2015), Fuzhou City Three lanes and seven alleys Scenic Spot (2015), Meizhou Island Mazu cultural tourism area (2021) and other 10 National AAAAA tourist attraction The scenery is strange and beautiful. ^[22] ^[37] Fujian is the second province in China where every prefecture-level city has a national 5A-level tourist attraction. ^[37]

Tulou in Fujian

Famous attractions in Fujian Province
city	Famous scenic spot
Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province)	Three lanes and seven alleys , Gushan Yongquan Temple , Fuzhou Cangshan old consulate area site , Fuzhou West Lake , Mawei Ship Management School , Fuzhou Panda World , Fuzhou National Forest Park , Shizhu Mountain , Qingyun Mountain
Xiamen (in Fujian Province)	Gulangyu Island , Garden and botanical garden , Jimei Champion Garden , Haicang Bridge tourist area , Sun Moon Valley hot spring theme park , Tianzhu Mountain Forest Park , Huli Mountain Fort , Xiamen Garden Expo Park , Tongan Film and Television City , Cuifeng Hot Spring Tourist Area, Green Reef Tzu Chi Ancestral Palace , Beichen Mountain , The fantasy kingdom of Fonte , Huandao Road , Zhongshan Road Pedestrian Street , South Putuo Temple , Xiamen University , Taiwan Folk Village , Wuyuanwan Wetland Park , Temple of Heaven , Dadeng town , Tax-free Parks in Taiwan , Lingling International Circus City
Zhangzhou	Nan Jing Tulou , Dongshan Island , Sanheiji , Maluan Bay , Volcanic geopark , Abstract gallery , Yunshuiyao , Yundongite , lingtongite , Longchi Rock , White Reef Tzu Chi Palace
Ningde	Bai Shui Yang , Taimu Mountain , White Cloud Mountain ( Global geopark ), Cuiping Lake , Imshui Palace , Yushando
Longyan	Gutian conference site , Guanzai Mountain , Yongding Tulou ( World cultural heritage ), Tingzhou ancient city Wall , Tingzhou trial Court
Quanzhou	Wuli Bridge , Qingyuan Mountain Laojunyan , Chongwu ancient City , Qingjing Temple , Luoyang Bridge , Quanzhou: The world Marine trade center of China in Song and Yuan Dynasties ^[43]
Three kinds of brightness	Taoyuan Cave , Swan Cave , Fox Hole , Taining Danxia ( World natural Heritage ), Minjiang River source eco-tourism area
Putian	Guanghua Temple , The South Shaolin Temple , Meizhou Island , Kowloon Valley , 九鲤湖 , Putian Arts and Crafts City
Nanping	Wuyi Mountain ( World cultural and natural heritage ), A forest of trees and Guizongite Scenic spot, Heping Ancient Town , Chinese bag wine culture Expo Park

Famous and excellent specialty products

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district	Special product
Fuzhou (capital of Fujian Province)	Shoushan stone , Horn comb , Olive , tangerine , longan , Min Jiang, Hibiscus plum , Jasmine tea , Unborn lacquer ware , Wood picture , woodcarving , Paper umbrella , Shell carving , porcelain Etc.;
Putian	Abound in eel , prawn , portunid Fish and other seafood, fruit longan , litchi , loquat , Chinese grapefruit The four famous fruits are well-known at home and abroad;
Zhangzhou	daffodil , camellia , orchid Such as three famous flowers and Green plum , tangerine , litchi , Trimble banana , longan , Peace pomelo , Pineapple Such as seven famous fruits; And all kinds of Dried seafood , Pantze Huang , Eight treasures , Pien Tze Huang Pearl Paste , Jean Bey paint board Daffodils Wind oil essence , Cloth bag show Etc.;
Longyan	The whole city is dried , The city ducks in white , Liancheng orchid , Longyan peanut , Changding dried bean curd , Shanghang dried radish , Wuping pig gall dried , Yongding dried vegetable , River frog Etc.;
Quanzhou	Various kinds of Melon and fruit , famous trees and flowers, Dehua porcelain , Hui 'an stone carving , Anxi oolong tea ( Anxi Tie Guanyin ), Old Fan Zhiwan responds to divine song , Yongchun vinegar , Minamoto and Do preserves , Quanzhou puppet head , Yongchun paint basket , Artificial flower Etc.;
Xiamen (in Fujian Province)	All kinds of subtropical melons and fruits, pasty , Fish-skin peanut , Bodhi pill , Aotsu fruit , Xiamen pearl embroidery , Lacquer thread carving Xiamen Color Plastic, Xiamen Porcelain plastic, Mushroom meat sauce Xiamen medicinal wine, dried seafood, etc.;
Nanping	Wuyi rock tea ( Dahongpao ), Bamboo shoot , mushroom , Lotus seed ;
Ningde	Tea leaf , Edible mushroom , shaddock , Betel-nut taro Late litchi, late longan, Kaempferia japonica No nuclear persimmon, chestnut and other best-selling at home and abroad, Ningde is also rich Large yellow croaker , grouper , prawn , Erdu clam , Razor clam of Xiapu And so on.

External communication

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Exchange with Taiwan

In 2017, Fujian Provincial Taiwan Affairs Office officially approved the Linshuigong Ancestral Temple in Ningde Gutian, Shanghang Hakka Genealogy Museum in Longyan, Xiamen (Jimei) Taiwan Research and Travel Base, Dongshan Guanti Temple in Zhangzhou, and Zheng Chenggong's hometown in Nanan City in Quanzhou as Fujian's Taiwan exchange bases, including the Fuzhou Straits Youth Exchange Camp approved for establishment during the Straits Youth Festival in August. A total of six units became the first batch of Fujian Province to Taiwan exchange bases. ^[17]

Sister city

Since Fuzhou City and Nagasaki City of Japan concluded the first pair of sister cities in October 1980, as of October 25, 2023, Fujian Province has established 124 pairs of sister city relations with 46 provinces and cities in the world, of which 34 pairs are provincial-level. 19 pairs in Fuzhou City, 22 pairs in Xiamen City, 10 pairs in Quanzhou City, 6 pairs in Zhangzhou City, 5 pairs in Putian City, 3 pairs in Nanping City, 2 pairs in Sanming City, 3 pairs in Longyan City, 4 pairs in Ningde City, 2 pairs in Shishi City, 2 pairs in Wuyishan City, 2 pairs in Nan 'an City, 1 pair in Fuding City, 2 pairs in Jinjiang City, 1 pair in Fuqing City, 1 pair in Shanghang County, 1 pair in Taining County, Gulou District of Fuzhou City 1 pair, Siming District of Xiamen City 1 pair, Changle District of Fuzhou City 1 pair, Licheng District of Quanzhou City 1 pair. ^[121]

Famous person

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Famous ancient figures
Before Song Dynasty	A surname , Chen Baoying , Chen Yuanguang , Wang Shenzhi , Retention effect , Chen Hongjin , Li Renda , Dong Feng , Ouyang Gun , A hundred zhangs with a sea , Huang Bari Zen master , Buddha-Buddha , Wu Jin
Song and Yuan Dynasties	Zhu Xi , Li Gang , Song Ci , Su Song , CAI Xiang , Chae Kyung , Zeng Gongliang , Zhang Dun , Lv Huiqing , Liu Yong , Liu Kezhuang , Zhang Yuanqian , Yang Yi , Wu Ji , Zheng Sixiao , Xie Ao , Chauderia , Huang Sheng , Ecliptic metric , Otausun , Yan Yu , Zheng Qiao , Zheng Qiao , Yuan Shu , Yang Shi , Recreational entertainment , Hu Yin , Hu An-guo , Hu Hong , Luo Congyan , CAI Yuanding , CAI Shen , Chen Pu , Jin Deoksoo , Chen Chun , Zheng Wenbao , Wu Chong , Huang Jinshan , Chapter image , Previously 慥 , Yang Zai , Chen Wenlong , Pu Shougeng , Chen Youding
Ming Dynasty	Li Zhi , Yu Dayou , Zheng Zhilong , Zheng Chenggong , Zheng Jing , Chen Yonghua , Leaf height , Yang Rong , Ecliptic cycle , Zhang Ruitu , Bian Jingzhao , Wang Shenzhong , Cao Xuequan , He Qiaoyuan , Xie Zhao 淛 , Chen Di , Zheng Shanfu , He Chaozong , Implicit element , Deng Maoqi
Qing Dynasty	Hong Chengchou , Shi Lang , Lin Zexu , Li Guangdi , LAN Dingyuan , Huang Shen , Yi Bingshou , Hua Yan , Shangguan Zhou , A surname , Liang Zhangju , Zheng Xiaoxu , Shen Baozhen , Chen Baochen , Chen Yan , Lin Yunming , Zhang Jiliang , Lin Changyi , Pan Zhencheng
Modern times	Yan Fu , Chen Bi , Bo Son 瑨 , Lin Shu , Gu Hongming , Lin Juemin , Square sound cave , Ice core , Deng Ta , Lin Yutang , Zheng Zhenduo , Lin Huiyin , Liang Yuchun , Sa Zhenbing , Sa Shijun , John Ma , Linson , Lin Xiangqian , Guo Boyin , Huang Naishang

Famous modern and contemporary figures
Science and education field	Lu Jiaxi , Chen Jingrun , Chen Jincheng , Hou Debang , Sabendong , Lin Lanying , Wu Mengchao , Tang Zhongzhang , Tang Chongti , Zhang Yuzhe , Lin Tongji , Wang Shizhen , Zheng Zuoxin , Shen Yuan , Liu Yingming , Lin Qiaozhi , Goldstone , Chen Jiageng , Wang Yongqing , Shi Kai , Li Luda , Lin Shaoliang , Robert Kuok , Huang Ru Lun
Political field	Chen Zhili , Deng Zihui , Liu Yalou , Noh In-Chan , Yang Chengwu , Zhuang Congsheng , Xiang Nan , Xu Rongmao , Zhang Gaoli , Huang Kunming , Cai Qi , Chen Xi , Liu Cigui , Hayimu , Zheng Zhajie , Pei Jinjia , Lin Xiangyang , Xu Kunlin , Ye Jianchun , Wang Xiaohong
literati	Yu Guangzhong , Shu Ting , Zheng Min , CAI Qizhao , Do Yun Sub , Pengyanjiao , goosefoot , Wang Guozhen , Zheng Tianting , Zeischans , corona , Liu Zaifu , Zhi Ronghui
recreation	Zhong Zixuan , Yao Chen , Chen He , Li Wei , Zhang Jingchu , Liang Jing , Ye Yiqian , Ou Hao , Lin Shuqing , Chen During , Zhang Hao , Chen Yihan
Sports field	lindane , He Wenna , Huang Shanshan , Zhang Guozheng , Zhang Xiangxiang , Shi Zhiyong , Chen Zhonghe , Liu Lingling
Hosting circles	Xie Yingying , Chen Weihong
Reference materials: ^{[34] 24 -} ^[45] ^[48] ^{[53] 52 -} ^[55] ^[72-73]

Honorary title

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Honorary title
Advanced province (city) of voluntary blood donation	Trials of graded and classified supervision	National trial of calculating the value of forest resources	Personal pension First City (region)	The second batch of provincial-level water network pilot areas
Reference materials: ^[16] ^[23] ^[54] ^[62] ^[104]

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