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The Republic of Djibouti; Arabic: Guan Yue Yue Yue Yue Yue Yue Wu Wu ; French: La Republique de Djibouti, or Djibouti for short, is located in northeast Africa
Aden
On the west bank, the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which encircled the Red Sea and entered the Indian Ocean, and on the southeast
Somalia
Bordering, north of
Eritrea
Neighboring, west, southwest and south with Ethiopia adjacent, land area of 23,200 square kilometers, the country is divided into 1 city and 5 regions, the capital
Djibouti City
It has a population of about 1.1 million, mainly belonging to the Isa and Afar ethnic groups.
[1]
Before the invasion, Djibouti was ruled by three sultans: Hausa, Tajura, and Obok. France began to invade in 1850, occupied the entire territory of Kyrgyzstan in 1888, and established the "French Somali" colonial government in Kyrgyzstan in 1896. In 1946, Kyrgyzstan became a French overseas territory, and in 1967, it was renamed the "French Affar and Issa Territory", and the French government granted it de facto autonomous status. On 31 December 1975, France agreed to Djibouti's independence. On 27 June 1977, Djibouti declared its independence and became the Republic of Djibouti.
The strategic location of the Republic of Djibouti is very important
Us army
in
Africa
The largest military base,
French army
The largest military base overseas and
Chinese People's Liberation Army
The security base. Djibouti is
The world's least developed countries
One, its domestic natural resources are poor, the industrial and agricultural foundation is weak, and the political instability, in 2021 Djibouti GDP 3.371 billion US dollars, economic growth rate of 4.3%.
The United Nations General Assembly reelected some members of the Economic and Social Council
3 hours ago
On June 7 local time, the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly voted to reelect some members of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The newly elected countries are Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Canada, Cote d 'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania and Uzbekistan. The term of office begins on January 1, 2025 and is for a period of three years.
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- Chinese name
- Republic of Djibouti
- Foreign name
-
The Republic of Djibouti
(English)
La République de Djibouti (in French)
Wu Fu Wu WU Fu Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo mo (in Arabic) - Abbreviated form
- Djibouti
- continent
- Africa
- capital
- Djibouti City
- Major city
- Alta, Tajura Etc.
- National Day
- June 27, 1977
- National song
- Djibouti
- Country code
- DJI
- currency
- Djiboutian franc
- Time zone
- UTC+3
- Political system
- Presidential republic
- National leader
- Ismail Omar Guelleh (President)
- Population number
- About 1.1 million [1]
- Population density
- 42.6 persons/km2 [6] (2020)
- Major nationality
- Issa , The Afar people
- Major religion
- Islam (Sunni)
- Land area
- 23200 km²
- Water area ratio
- 0.09%
- Total GDP
- $3.52 billion [1] (2022)
- International telephone area code
- 253
- International domain name abbreviation
- .dj
- Road access
- Drive on the right
- Leading institution
- University of Djibouti, Djibouti Medical College
catalogue
- 1Historical evolution
- 2Geographical environment
- ▪Regional location
- ▪landform
- ▪Climatic characteristics
- 3Natural resources
- 4Administrative division
- ▪regionalization
- ▪capital
- 5National symbol
- ▪flag
- ▪National emblem
- ▪National anthem
- ▪aphorism
- 6Population nationality
- ▪population
- ▪nation
- 7political
- ▪regime
- ▪constitution
- ▪congress
- ▪judiciary
- ▪Political party
- ▪government
- ▪dignitaries
- 8economy
- ▪industry
- ▪Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery
- ▪Service industry
- ▪tourism
- ▪finance
Legend has it that after the 8th century,
Arab
Move north of the Horn of Africa
Aden
Along the coast,
Somalis
,
Issa
and
The Afar people
He settled down in Djibouti and became a nomad. The Arab immigrants mostly operated businesses along the coast, established towns, spread Islam, and intermarried with the local population, forming a mixed society of Somali and Arab culture.
Before the invasion, Djibouti was ruled by three sultans: Hausa, Tajura, and Obok.
France began to invade in 1850, occupied the entire territory of Kyrgyzstan in 1888, and established the "French Somali" colonial government in Kyrgyzstan in 1896.
In 1946, Kyrgyzstan became a French overseas territory.
In 1967, the name was changed to "French Affar and Issa Territory" and the French government granted it de facto autonomous status.
On 31 December 1975, France agreed to Djibouti's independence.
On 27 June 1977, Djibouti declared its independence and became the Republic of Djibouti.
Hassan Guled Aptidon
Hassan Gouled Aptidon became the first president.
[1]
Djibouti is located at 41-43 degrees east longitude and 11-13 degrees north latitude, on the west bank of the Gulf of Aden in northeast Africa, and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the main point of entering the Indian Ocean from the Red Sea, bordering Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea to the north, and Ethiopia to the west, southwest and south. It covers an area of 23,200 square kilometers. The land border is 520 km long and the coastline 372 km long.
[8]
Regional location map of Djibouti
Regional location map of Djibouti
The coast of the Republic of Djibouti is plain and plateau, mainly tropical desert climate, hot year round with little rain. The interior is dominated by plateaus and mountains, with a savanna climate.
[1]
Djibouti has a savanna climate, with two seasons of cool and hot throughout the year. The hot season is from April to October, with an average temperature of 37℃ and the highest temperature above 45℃. The cool season is from November to March, with an average temperature of 27 ° C. Rainfall in Djibouti is rare, with an average annual rainfall of about 150 mm, of which 50 mm in the northwestern region and 300 mm in the mountain forests west of Tajura.
Affected by climate change, waterlogging has occurred frequently in Djibouti in recent years. In November 2019 and April 2020, a single rainfall in Djibouti reached 100 mm, causing flooding, flooding in many urban areas and causing several deaths.
[8]
Djibouti is poor in natural resources, mainly salt, limestone, perlite and geothermal resources. The reserves of salt mine in Arsal Salt Lake are about 2.8 billion tons, and the lake water contains high bromine content. Local limestone and gypsum mines are shallow buried, large reserves, easy to develop high-quality mines, has been developed by a few local people in the traditional way. Estimated reserves of perlite are 48 million tons. In addition, gold-bearing structures have been found in the interior, and oil-bearing structures have been found in coastal areas, but oil and gas reserves have not yet been discovered.
In 2015, China Communications Construction Group Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. obtained the right to develop industrial salt and sodium bromide in Arsal Salt Lake, and jointly promoted the construction of salt chemical industrial Park with Shandong Haiwang Chemical Co., LTD. At present, industrial salt and sodium bromide have been officially extracted.
[8]
The Republic of Djibouti is divided into 1 municipality and 5 regions: Djibouti City (Djibouti), the Region de Tadjourah, the Region d 'Obock, the Region d 'Ali-Sabieh, and the Region de Dikille Dikhil and the Region d 'arta.
[1]
Djibouti City (Djibouti-Ville), the capital, the largest city of the country, the national political, economic, cultural and transportation center. The west bank of the Gulf of Aden, located in the northeast of Africa, is located in the three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and the Red Sea into the Indian Ocean throat.
Region d 'arta, located in the central part of Djibouti, formerly part of Djibouti City, was established in April 2003 and is the smallest region in Djibouti, with an area of about 600 square kilometers and Djibouti City, accounting for about 2.6% of the total area of the country, and the total population of the two places accounts for about 71.4% of the total population of the country.
The Region de Tadjourah, located in the north, covers an area of 7,300 square kilometers, accounting for about 31.5% of the country's total area and about 7.6% of the country's population. Within the territory of the country's highest mountain Musa Ali, Tajura city is the seat of regional government, is the largest port in northern Kyrgyzstan.
The Region d 'Obock, located in the northeast, covers an area of 5,700 square kilometers, accounting for about 24.6% of the country's total area and about 3.5% of the country's population. Obock City is the seat of regional government and is the second largest seaport in northern Kyrgyzstan.
Region d 'Ali-Sabieh, located in the southeast, covers an area of 2,400 square kilometers, about 10.3% of the total area of the country, and about 8.4% of the population of the country.
The Region de Dikhil, located in the southwest, covers an area of 7,200 square kilometers, accounting for 31% of the total area and 9.1% of the total population of the country.
Djibouti City
Flag of Djibouti
Flag of Djibouti
Stand up strong! Raised the flag for us. The price of this flag is the longing and pain of our loved ones. Our national flag, green is the eternal earth, blue is the sky, peace is the meaning of white; The red star in the center symbolizes blood. Oh, our national flag, how magnificent!
Unity, equality, peace.
According to World Bank statistics, Djibouti's national population in 2020 is 988,000 people, of which more than 70% of the population lives in cities, 650,000 people live in the capital Djibouti City, and the rest are mainly concentrated in the second largest city Tajura and the third largest city Obock. The natural conditions in the inland rural areas of Kyrgyzstan are relatively poor and few people live there.
[8]
As of October 2022, the population is about 1 million.
[1]
The main ethnic groups are the Issa (a branch of the Somali ethnic group), the Afar, the Isaak, and the Gadabshi. The Issa ethnic group makes up about 50% of the population and speaks Somali. The Afar ethnic group is 40%, and the language is Afar.
[8]
Djibouti
A progressive multiparty system was declared in 1992, when the NLD won all seats in the first multiparty legislative elections. President Guled retired in 1999 and Guelleh was elected president. The multi-party system was fully implemented in September 2002. In January 2003, the "Presidential Majority Coalition" composed of four parties, including the NLD, won all the seats in the legislative elections. In April 2005, Guelleh won the presidential election and retained the presidency. In February 2008, the "Presidential Majority Coalition" again won all seats in the legislative elections. In April 2010, the NLD pushed parliament to amend the constitution to remove the one-term limit on the president. Guelleh was re-elected president in April 2011. In February 2013, the Presidential Majority Coalition won 55 of the 65 seats in the legislative elections. In April 2016, Guelleh won a third term as president. In February 2018, legislative elections were held, and the "Presidential Majority Coalition" won 57 out of 65 seats. In April 2021, Guelleh won a fourth term as president. In March 2023, legislative elections were held, and the "Presidential Majority Coalition" won 58 of the 65 seats.
[1]
The current constitution was adopted by referendum on September 4, 1992. In April 2010, the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment to remove the limit on the number of consecutive terms of the president, stipulating that the president shall be directly elected, with a maximum age of 75 for each five-year term; If the President is unable to serve, the Prime Minister shall assume the functions and powers. In the event of a vacancy in the Presidency, the President of the Supreme Court temporarily acts as Head of State, but no changes can be made to the government and any State institutions, and a new President is elected within 30-45 days. The Constitution also provides for the abolition of the death penalty. Political parties must be non-racial, non-national, non-religious and non-regional.
[1]
The National Assembly is the highest organ of state power, with legislative power. The Parliament meets twice a year to discuss legislative issues and the next year's budget. A total of 65 members are elected by the legislature for five-year terms. The current parliament will be elected in March 2023. The presidential majority coalition holds 58 of the 65 seats. The Speaker is Dileita Mohamed Dileita, elected in March 2023 for a five-year term.
[1]
The separation of powers, the independence of the judiciary and the lifetime tenure of judges are implemented, and the Supreme Council of Judges chaired by the President is responsible for overseeing the work of judges. The judiciary is divided into four levels: the county Court, the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court. As an Islamic State, Kyrgyzstan also has personal law courts (formerly known as Sharia courts).
[1]
There are currently nine main legal political parties:
(1) People's Alliance for Progress (Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progres-RPP) : Member party of the governing coalition, founded on 4 March 1979. It consists mainly of the former African People's Union for Independence. From October 1981, when the government abolished opposition parties, until 1992, when the country switched to a multi-party system, the party was the only legal political party in Kyrgyzstan. President Guelleh was re-elected as Party chairman at the 11th National Party Congress in 2014, 12th National Party Congress in 2018 and 13th National Party Congress in 2022.
(2) Front pour la Restauration de l 'Unite et de la Democratie-FRUD (Front pour la Restauration de l 'unite et de la Democratie-Frud) : a member party of the ruling coalition, the predecessor of which was founded in August 1991 by the rebels of the ethnic Afar North. It was recognized as a legal political party in 1996. The first National Congress was held in 1997, and it was decided to form an alliance with the ruling party, the People's Alliance for Progress, to defend the party's purposes through peaceful means. The president was Ali Mohamed Daoud and the General secretary was Ougoureh Kifleh Ahmed.
(3) National Democratic Party (Parti National Democratique-PND) : a member party of the ruling coalition, founded in October 1992 with the purpose of safeguarding national unity and national independence. Advocates the establishment of a truly democratic society with free elections, an independent judiciary and a free press; Implement a market economy; Fight racism and nationalism. The President is ABDOURAHMAN MOHAMED ALLALEH.
(4) Social Democratic Party (Parti Social Democrate-PSD) : a member party of the ruling coalition, founded in October 2002. The goal is to maintain social order, restore the economy, coordinate leading policies, regulate wages and reduce living prices. The Chairman is Moumin Bahdon Farah.
(5) Union des Partisans de la Reforme-UPR (Union des Partisans de la Reforme-UPR), a member party of the ruling coalition, was founded on 1 March 2005. He actively participated in the activities of the "Presidential Majority Coalition" and officially signed the document to join the coalition in December 2007. It advocates the implementation of a harmonious policy and the building of a country that meets the development requirements of The Times. The President is Ibrahim Chechem Daoud.
(6) Alliance Republicaine pour la Democratie-ARD (Alliance Republicaine pour la Democratie-ard), opposition party, established on 6 October 2002. Ahmed Youssouf Houmed has been president since 2004.
(7) Union pour la Democratie et la Justice-UDJ (Union Pour la Democratie et la Justice-UDJ), opposition party, established on 13 October 2002, chaired by Ismael Guedi Harred.
(8) Parti Djiboutien pour le developement -PDD (Party for Development of Djibouti), an opposition party, established on 2 September 2002, chaired by Mohamed Daoud Chechem.
(9) Centre d
[10]
es Democrates unifies: The opposition party, founded in September 2012, is chaired by Omar Elmi Khaireh.
Under a presidential system, the president is also the head of government and appoints the Prime Minister, who coordinates the work of the ministries. The current government will be formed in May 2021 and its main members are: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Minister of Justice, Prisons and Human Rights Ali Hassan Bahdon, Ilyas Moussa Dawaleh, Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry; Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and Government spokesman; Hassan Omar Mohamed Bourhan, minister of defense and Parliamentary relations; Said Nouh Hassan, Minister of Interior; The Minister of Budget, M.Isman Ibrahim Robleh, the Minister of Health, M.Ahmed Robleh Abdileh, Moustapha Mohamed Mahamoud, Minister of National Education and Vocational Training; Nabil Mohamed Ahmed, Minister of Higher Education and Research; Mouna Osman Aden, female, Minister of Women and the Family; Mohamed Ahmed Awaleh, Minister of Agriculture, Water, Fisheries, Livestock and Aquatic Resources; Hassan Houmed Ibrahim, Minister of Infrastructure and Equipment; Moumin Hassan Barreh, Minister of Muslim Affairs and Religious Property; Ouloufa Ismail Abdo, Minister of Social Affairs and Solidarity; Younis Ali Guedi, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources; Omar Abdi Said, Minister of Labor, Standardization and Social Security; Mohamed Abdoulkader Moussa Helem, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development; Amina Abdi Aden (female), Minister of Cities, Urban Planning and Housing; Radwan Abdillahi Bahdon, Minister of Communications, Post and Telecommunications; Mohamed Warsama Dirieh, Minister of Trade and Tourism; Hibo Moumin Assoweh, Minister of Youth and Culture; Kassim Haroun Ali, Minister for Decentralization; Mariam Hamadou Ali, female, Minister for Digital Economy and Innovation; Safie Mohamed Ali Gadileh (female), Secretary of State for Investment and Private Sector Development, and Hassan Mohamed Kamil, Secretary of State for Sports.
[1]
[10]
Ismail Omar Guelleh
: The President. Born in Ethiopia on November 27, 1947, he is of the Issa ethnic group and believes in Islam. After independence in 1977, he was the Director of the President's Office. He became Director of National Security in 1978. He became a member of the Central Committee and Political Bureau of the NLD in 1982, and was elected as the third vice chairman of the party in March 1997. In early 1999, he was officially nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling bipartisan coalition and was elected president in April. He was elected President of the People's Alliance for Progress Party in March 2000. He won the presidency four times in April 2005, April 2011, April 2016 and April 2021.
Abdel-kader Kamil Mohammed
: The Prime Minister. Born in 1951, he received his higher education in France with a master's degree in Water science. He worked in the Djibouti water sector. He was Minister of Agriculture, Livestock, Marine and Water Resources from 2005 to 2011. He became Minister of Defense in 2011. Since March 2013, he has served as Prime Minister.
[1]
Kyrgyzstan is one of the least developed countries in the world. Natural resources are scarce, the industrial and agricultural foundation is weak, and more than 95 percent of agricultural and industrial products rely on imports. Transport, commerce and services (mainly port services) dominate the economy, accounting for about 80% of GDP. In recent years, the Djibouti government has actively adjusted its economic policies, sought foreign aid and investment, focused on the development of the tertiary industry, stepped up the implementation of infrastructure construction, and actively participated in the regional integration process. In 2022, Kyrgyzstan's GDP will be 3.52 billion US dollars; Economic growth rate: 3%. (Source: World Bank, July 2023)
Djibouti is short of resources, backward in science and technology and lack of financial resources. Its industries are relatively backward, and many industries are blank. In light industry, there are two small cement factories and a few small industrial enterprises such as food processing plants; Heavy industry is mainly chemical industry, industrial salt mining, etc., the output value accounts for 15% of GDP.
[8]
The main industries are power, water conservancy, housing and public works, salt mine development, etc., and some construction and mineral water factory, Coca-Cola beverage factory, flour factory, bottle factory, milk factory, pharmaceutical factory, cement factory, machinery repair, ship repair, oil refining, tanning, power generation and other small industries.
Agriculture is based on animal husbandry. The arable land is 10,000 hectares. It is unable to feed itself and receives food aid every year from the European Union, France, Japan and other countries. The fishery resources are rich, but the current fishing industry is still relatively backward, using manual fishing.
[8]
It is the pillar industry of the national economy of Kyrgyzstan. About 80% of Kyrgyzstan's GDP comes from the tertiary sector, which is dominated by transport services.
In 2019, there were 34 hotels in Djibouti City, of which one was five-star (Kempinski) and three were four-star (Les Acacias, Sheraton, Djibouti International Hotel), accounting for only 11.8% of the total number of hotels in the country.
In 2018, there were 1,232 rooms and 1,943 beds in all hotels in Kyrgyzstan, with an annual occupancy rate of only 35.6%. According to statistics, the number of hotels in the country has increased to 42 in 2020, of which the number of hotels in Djibouti City has increased to 35 and the number of hotels in other regions has increased to 7. Although the number of hotels has not yet met the demand, it has developed rapidly in the past five years, with a growth rate of 34.2% and an increase of 369 rooms.
[8]
The main tourist attractions are Lake Assal, Lake Abbe, Gubet Al Karaka Magic Deep, Alduba Volcano, Da 'i Virgin Forest, Langda Xingbangguvalai Waterfall, Tajura Sea Amusement Park, etc.
The Central Bank of Djibouti (Banque Centrale de Djibouti) is a policy bank responsible for banknote issuance and state financial supervision. There are 10 commercial banks in Djibouti, all foreign banks: Banc of Africa de Djibouti, Banque pour le commerce et l 'Industrie Mer Rouge, Banque islamique Saba, International Commercial Bank, Banque de dal Commercial Djibouti, Salam African Bank (SAB), Agricultural Credit Bank for International Cooperation (CAC) Bank, Egypt's Shura Bank, Djibouti's Silk-Road Bank and Bank of China Djibouti SA.
[8]
The main multilateral creditors are the World Bank, the Arab Fund and the African Development Bank.
Implement a free trade policy. Port entrepot trade accounts for a large proportion. It mainly imports food and beverage, machinery and equipment, electrical products, transportation equipment, petroleum products, metal products, textiles and footwear. Exports include salt, livestock, skins and so on. The main trading partners are Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, India, China, France, Yemen, the United Kingdom, etc.
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), Kyrgyzstan's total trade in goods in 2020 will reach US $6.151 billion, with exports of US $2.837 billion, down 29.0% year-on-year, and imports of US $3.314 billion, down 19.9% year-on-year. The trade deficit was $477 million.
According to World Trade Organization statistics, Djibouti's total trade in services reached 1.347 billion US dollars in 2019, accounting for 0.01% of world trade. Among them, exports were 758 million US dollars, up 6% year-on-year, and imports were 589 million US dollars, up 6% year-on-year; The trade surplus was $169 million.
In the trade of goods in Djibouti, the port entrepot trade accounts for a large proportion. According to Djibouti's central bank, Djibouti imports and exports account for only about 0.5% of all imports and exports at its ports, and the rest are re-exported to Ethiopia, Somalia and other regions. Major imports include food and beverages, machinery and equipment, electrical products, catgrass, transportation equipment, petroleum products, metal products, textiles and footwear. The main export commodities include sodium bromide, salt, livestock, skins, etc. Djibouti's service trade is mainly transportation services and tourism.
According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization, in 2019, the export structure of Kyrgyzstan's service trade was 77.8% in transportation services, 8% in tourism, and 0% in goods related services. The import structure of service trade was 89.5% for transportation services, 4% for tourism, 6.4% for other services, and 0% for goods related services
According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization, in 2019, Gibb's top five goods export destinations were Ethiopia (35.3%), the European Union (20.6%), Somalia (11.9%), Brazil (8.7%) and Qatar (6.3%). The top four sources of goods imports were the European Union (36.7%), the United Arab Emirates (18.5%), Saudi Arabia (6%) and Japan (5.5%).
[8]
According to the World Investment Report 2021 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2020, Djibouti attracted foreign investment flows of 240 million US dollars; By the end of 2019, Djibouti's stock of foreign investment was US $1.99 billion.
Foreign investment in Djibouti comes mainly from Arab countries and their sovereign funds, mainly in the energy and infrastructure sectors.
[8]
More than 80% of Djibouti's development funds require foreign aid, and the main donors are
France
,
Japan
,
America
,
Saudi Arabia
,
China
,
Italy
There are mainly international aid organizations
European Union
,
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
,
World Food and Agriculture Organization
and
African development fund
Let's wait. Among them, China and Arab countries' assistance to Djibouti is mainly reflected in infrastructure construction, while developed countries such as the United States, France and Japan mostly provide assistance in the form of materials and cash.
[8]
November 23, 2017, President of China
Xi Jinping
He held talks at the Great Hall of the People with President Guelleh of Djibouti, who is on a state visit to China. The two heads of state agreed to establish China-Kyrgyzstan strategic partnership.
[3]
The official languages are French and Arabic, and the main national languages are Somali and Afar. Most government officials can communicate in English, but the level is limited.
[8]
Islam is the state religion and 94% of the population is Muslim (Sunni), while the rest are predominantly Christian.
[8]
Djibouti customs are deeply influenced by Arab culture. The name of a Djiboutian is similar to that of a North African Arab, and consists of three sections: the first is the person's name, the second is the father's name, and the third is the family name, such as "Hassan Guled Aptidun". Refer to people by their full name on formal occasions and in correspondence.
Djiboutians are known for their hospitality, with men greeting each other with a handshake and women curtsy. Local people eat pancakes, porridge and all kinds of sweet food as the staple food, like to eat hot pepper. Djiboutians consume a lot of the chronic drug Chatea.
According to Islamic teachings, pork, alcoholic beverages, self-dying animals, animal blood, and finless aquatic products are prohibited.
[8]
Since 2017, Djibouti has issued a presidential decree to change the rest time, implementing an 8-hour work day and a double holiday system, that is, working from Sunday to Thursday every week, working 8 hours a day (8 am to 12 am, 13 PM to 17 PM, 1 hour break at noon), and taking a double holiday on Friday and Saturday. The hours of rest during Ramadan in 2021 will be from 9am to 15pm.
Most of the legal holidays in Kyrgyzstan are Islamic holidays, including New Year's Day, Eid al-Fitr, Independence Day (June 27), Midnight Festival, Eid al-Adha, Islamic New Year, etc.
[8]
The army was founded on 6 June 1977, with a voluntary military service. The President is the Supreme Commander of the armed forces, and the Chief of the General Staff is in effect responsible for the three armed forces, and the Chief of Defence Staff is his deputy. The main responsibilities of the armed forces are national defense, social development and disaster relief activities in peacetime.
After the merger of the National Security Force and the Police Force in 1995, the National Police Force is mainly responsible for security, border inspection, justice, fire protection and other work. The Djibouti Branch of Interpol was established on 5 February 1979.
The Gendarmerie was separated from the army in 1998 and its main mission is to enforce domestic laws and regulations, maintain public security and ensure social stability.
Djibouti is an important French military base in the Indo-Red Sea region, with 3,800-4,500 French troops stationed in Djibouti, as stipulated by a provisional military Protocol signed between the Government of Djibouti and the Government of France on June 27, 1977. The French Army in Kyrgyzstan had two combat regiments and a stationary company of the Parachute regiment; The Navy had a naval unit to reinforce the Indian Ocean Fleet, a commando unit, and a communications listening post; The Air Force has a fighter group and a helicopter transport group. France provides logistical assistance to the Djibouti army and sends military cooperation personnel to help Djibouti maintain national security and train military personnel.
[4]
China also has a logistics base in the area.
Railway map of Kyrgyzstan
The newly constructed Djibouti section of the Djibouti Railway, with a total length of 90 kilometers and an investment amount of 578 million US dollars, was undertaken by China Soil Group, which started construction on September 16, 2013 and was officially completed and put into operation in January 2018. China Soil Group and China Railway jointly won the bid to participate in the six-year operation.
[8]
The country has 3117 kilometers of roads, of which 465 kilometers of asphalt roads, no expressways. Djibouti's national road network runs east-west, with Djibouti National Highway 1, which connects the border between Djibouti and Ethiopia, being the most important transport route (from the capital of Djibouti via the border town of GALAFI, to the road from Assab in Eritrea to Addis Ababa in Ethiopia). The total length of the road is 910 km, about 240 km inside Djibouti. Ninety percent of the freight traffic between the two countries depends on the road, with 397,400 freight trucks moving in 2019, according to the Djibouti Bureau of Statistics.
[8]
Djibouti Ambri International Airport is located in the capital of Djibouti City, about 6 kilometers from the city, can take off and land large passenger and cargo aircraft. Major international routes to Dubai, Ethiopia, France, Kenya, Turkey, Qatar and Somalia.
According to the Djibouti Bureau of Statistics, 427,000 passengers and 8,416 tons of air cargo were transported in 2019. Air Djibouti restarted cargo operations in May 2015 and officially launched passenger services in August 2016, with five routes to Addis Ababa, Dilidawa, Mogadishu, Bosaso and Hargosa in Ethiopia.
[8]
Djibouti port is the main outlet to the sea of neighboring Ethiopia, and is an important port connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. At present, Kyrgyzstan has built 6 ports, of which 4 ports are under the jurisdiction of PDSA: Dohali Multi-purpose Port, Old Port, Tajura Port and Gubeit Salt Terminal; Kyrgyzstan Port and Free Trade Zone Authority (DPFZA) regulates the oil terminal; Dohalle Container Terminal Management Company manages the Dohalle Container Terminal. One port is under construction, and the Kyrgyz Port and Free Trade Zone Administration has invested in an oil terminal in the Malaysian Cape Industrial Zone.
[8]
Djibouti's scientific and technological level is relatively backward, and there is no advantageous scientific research field in Djibouti at present.
Following the French education system and textbooks in the early days of independence, the education system was divided into basic education, secondary education and higher education after the reform in 2000. The school system is five years in primary school, four years in junior middle school, and three years in senior high school. Education is free and compulsory for young people aged 6 to 15. In addition to state schools, the state allows the establishment of private primary and secondary schools, the number of the two is about 4:1. There are two universities: the University of Djibouti and the Djibouti Medical College.
According to UNESCO, 2,362 people studied abroad in 2017, mainly in France (989), Morocco (264), Turkey (243), Malaysia (193), Saudi Arabia (155), the United Arab Emirates (46), India (135), Tunisia (65) and Benin (32).
According to the World Bank, Djibouti's education expenditure accounted for 3.6% of GDP in 2018, and Djibouti's public education expenditure accounted for 14.0% of government expenditure in 2018. In 2014, the illiteracy rate was 30 percent.
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The basic information of major media in Djibouti is as follows:
[Djibouti National News Agency] Agence Djiboutienne d'Information.
Djibouti Radio and Television (RTD) broadcasts in French, Somali, Afar and Arabic. The TV station broadcasts a comprehensive program every night. A terrestrial satellite communication station was built in 1980 to transmit television programmes from France and neighbouring countries. In 1983, Germany helped Kyrgyzstan establish a radio transmission center, which now broadcasts medium wave, short wave and FM. In 1990, Japan helped build a television production center. With the assistance of Italy, Kyrgyzstan is gradually digitizing the production and broadcasting of radio programs. In 2002, the United States set up a Voice of America broadcasting station in Kyrgyzstan. In 2012, the French channel of China Central Television and International Radio Station was launched in Kyrgyzstan. The weekly broadcast time is 45 hours.
[Print media] The official newspaper La Nacion is published in French every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Sunday, with 1,300 copies per issue; Clarin is published every Monday and Thursday in Arabic, with 500 copies per issue. Other publications include the Progressive Weekly of the People's Alliance for Progress Party, the Revival weekly of the Democratic Revolution Party, the Republic weekly of the National Democratic Party and the Fact weekly of the Republic for Democracy.
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Djibouti has a three-tier health system. Among them, there are four large public hospitals under the Ministry of Health: Berti General Hospital, tuberculosis hospital, obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and Barbara Hospital; One health centre in each of the five districts, as well as primary clinics and health posts; The Alta hospital built by our country is under the administration of the Social Security Bureau of the Ministry of Labor; The Djibouti military hospital built with Sudanese assistance is affiliated with the Ministry of Defence. Djibouti private clinics are currently unknown data, there are about 40, the number is still increasing, the more famous private clinics include the Arab hospital in the Bala area.
Until 2005, Djibouti had free health care for all. Local residents with social security cards can enjoy free medical care. Residents are required to pay a registration fee of 3,000 Jr.for outpatient registration at Berti Hospital, 2,500 Jr.for emergency registration for Djibouti locals, 3,000 Jr.for foreigners, and 500 jr.for regional health centers. The registration fee includes part of the patient's consumable expenses in the hospital, but does not include the cost of blood tests, X-rays and other examinations, as well as the cost of surgery, hospitalization, medicine and so on.
Djibouti implements a medicine separation system. Under normal circumstances, patients seek medical treatment, doctors issue prescriptions, and patients purchase drugs from pharmacies at their own expense, including anesthesia and other excipients required for surgery. All dispensaries in Djibouti are private, with a rough estimate of more than 30. According to the World Bank, Djibouti's health expenditure accounted for 2.3% of GDP in 2018, with per capita health expenditure of 70.9 US dollars. The average life expectancy at birth in 2019 was 67.11 years; The mortality rate in 2019 was 7 per thousand.
The main infectious diseases are dengue fever and tuberculosis, but they are not serious, and primary malaria is occasionally seen.
China has sent medical teams to Djibouti since 1981, and this is the 20th batch sent by Shanxi Province.
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Djibouti is located at the intersection of the Red Sea and several major transportation routes, which is conducive to the development of the telecommunications industry. Djibouti Telecom is the only fixed-line and mobile network operator in Djibouti. At present, the company has fixed network, CDMA network, GSM network. Djibouti Telecom is expensive and operating well, with total assets and net profits increasing year after year. According to the Djibouti Bureau of Statistics, at the end of 2019, there were 415,000 mobile phone users in Djibouti, an increase of 5% year-on-year; There were 23,000 broadband users, an increase of 0.2% year-on-year, and the development of high-bandwidth customers was slow due to the backward and unreasonable planning of existing network technology. In early 2018, Djibouti's 4G network was officially launched.
Djibouti is the main entry and exit route for submarine optical cables in East Africa. At present, there are seven submarine cables entering the sea through Djibouti, and another one is under construction and one is under planning.
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Djibouti is energy poor, with inadequate distribution networks and high electricity prices. According to the Djibouti Bureau of Statistics, Djibouti's annual electricity supply in 2019 was 605 million KWH, of which 548 million KWH was imported from Ethiopia. At present, Kyrgyzstan has put into use a total of two power plants, both oil-fired power plants, installed capacity of only 126 megawatts. According to LowCarbonPower, in 2019, only 2.44% of Kyrgyzstan's electricity came from low-carbon energy sources, and the average carbon emission of Kyrgyzstan's power generation was 479.1-801.1 g CO2eq/kWh.
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It pursues a foreign policy of neutrality, non-alignment and good-neighborly friendship. It attaches great importance to maintaining traditional relations with France, actively cooperating with the United States in combating terrorism in the Horn of Africa, and gradually warming relations with Japan. France, the United States, Japan, Italy and other countries have built military bases in Kyrgyzstan. It attaches importance to developing relations with Arab countries and neighboring countries, actively participates in regional cooperation, is committed to mediating internal conflicts in Somalia, and supports the international community in jointly combating piracy in Somalia. There is a border dispute with Eritrea, which advocates a diplomatic solution. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Intergovernmental Organization on Development (IGAD), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Sahelo-Saharan Community and other regional organizations. It is the headquarters of IGAD and will take over the rotating presidency of IGAD at the 14th IGAD Summit in June 2023.
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Relations with China
Bilateral political relations
Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Kyrgyzstan on January 8, 1979, bilateral cooperation in various fields has been developing smoothly.
Important Chinese visits include: Vice Premier of The State Council Ji Pengfei (September 1980), Minister of Urban and Rural Development Rui Xingwen (March 1985), Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Yang Fuchang (August 1990), Director of the State Sports Commission Wu Shaozu (June 1993), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Wang Zhaoguo (May 1994), Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Qian Qichen of The State Council (January 1996), Foreign Economic and Cultural Cooperation Yang Wensheng, Assistant Minister of Trade (1998); Ji Peiting, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (February 1999); General Du Tiehuan, Political commissator of the Beijing Military Region (June 2002); Xu Jialu, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (June 2002); Qiao Zonghuai, Senior member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (December 2002); Wei Jianlin, Deputy Director of the Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee (2 July 003), Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing (January 2004), Vice President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries Yang Fuchang (January 2006), Assistant Foreign Minister Zhai Jun (January 2008), Vice President of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee Chen Baosheng (March 2009), Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee Wang Jiarui (January 2010), State Councilor and State Councilor January 2014, January 2020) and so on.
Kyrgyzstan's important visits include: President Guled (December 1979, March 1991, July 1994, August 1998 in his capacity as President, and May 1999 in his private capacity to visit China for medical treatment), Parliament Speaker Askar (September 1981), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Moumin (March 1985), Minister of Industry, Energy and Mines Farah (October 1996) ), Minister of Health Daoud (May 1997), Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Shehaim (October 1997), Minister of Youth Sports and Culture Abdirahe (April 1998), Deputy Chairman of the People's Alliance for Progress Galai's Party delegation (May 1998), Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces Fathi (September 1998), Prime Minister Haadou (19 May 1999), President Badour (March 2000), President Guelleh (visited China in March 2001, attended the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in November 2006, attended the opening ceremony of the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in July 2012 and visited China, paid a state visit to China in November 2017, In September 2018, he attended the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. In April 2019, he came to China to attend the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation), the National Secretary of the Kyrgyz Alliance for Progress, Wabelli (March 2002), the Minister of Economic Planning, Yassin (August 2002), the Minister of Health, Kamil (October 2002), the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Farah (August 2003), and the Minister of Education, Obshekh (October 2003), President of the National Assembly Ali (July 2004), Prime Minister Diletta (September 2005) visited China, Attended the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games in August 2008), Minister of Information, Culture, Posts and Telecommunications Farah (2006), Minister of Economy and Finance Asowe (2006), Foreign Minister Youssef (official visit to China in December 2009, the first meeting of the China-Kyrgyzstan Joint Economic and Trade Commission in May 2013, and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in July 2016 Coordinators' Meeting on the Implementation of the Outcomes of the SPAR Summit, China to attend the 8th Ministerial Meeting of the Arab States Cooperation Forum in July 2018, China to pay an official visit to China in February 2019), Sirey, Ministerial Representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs responsible for International Cooperation Affairs (China to attend the 4th Ministerial Meeting of the Arab States Cooperation Forum in May 2010), Idris, General Secretary and President of the NLD (June 2010) Ilyas, General Secretary of the NLD and Minister of Finance (December 2012, September 2015), Minister of Defense Hufanai (December 2013), Kyrgyz Prime Minister Kamil (August 2014 to attend the closing ceremony of the Nanjing Youth Olympic Games), Speaker of the National Assembly Diletta (January 2024) and so on.
2022年12月9日，习近平主席在利雅得会见出席首届中国-阿拉伯国家峰会的盖莱总统。
Ambassador of Djibouti to China: Abdallah Abdillahi Miguil.
Bilateral economic and trade relations and economic and technological cooperation
Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, bilateral economic and trade relations and economic and technological cooperation have been progressing smoothly. Since 1979, China has provided assistance to Djibouti, building the People's Palace, Martyrs Memorial Monument, stadium, outpatient building, Foreign Ministry office building, kidney dialysis room and small office building of the presidential Palace. The mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan began in 1982. In 2023, bilateral trade reached US $3.48 billion, up 7.2% year on year. China's exports to Kyrgyzstan are mainly entrepot trade, most of which are transferred to Ethiopia and Somalia through the Kyrgyz port bonded zone. In October 2011, the Chinese government provided a total of 60 million RMB yuan in emergency food aid to Kyrgyzstan on two occasions. In May 2015, the Chinese government provided emergency assistance to the Kyrgyz Republic to help it deal with the resettlement of Yemeni refugees. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the two sides have been actively engaged in anti-epidemic cooperation, with China providing anti-epidemic supplies to Kyrgyzstan.
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Exchanges and cooperation in culture, education, health, military and other fields
China and Kyrgyzstan have signed an agreement on cultural cooperation. China has provided government scholarships to Kyrgyzstan since 1986. China has sent medical teams to Djibouti since 1981 and has so far sent 22 groups of medical team members, including 12 medical team members from Shanxi Province.
On November 11, 2017,
People's Liberation Army support base in Djibouti
The ceremony of the establishment and departure of the troops was held at a military port in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. The establishment of a support base in Djibouti by the Chinese People's Liberation Army and stationing necessary military personnel is a decision made by the governments of China and Djibouti through friendly consultations and serves the common interests of the two peoples. Located in Djibouti City, the capital of the Republic of Djibouti, the base will provide effective support for China's participation in escort missions, peacekeeping missions and humanitarian assistance in Africa and West Asia. It will also help China better carry out overseas missions such as military cooperation, joint exercises and training, evacuation and protection of overseas Chinese and emergency rescue, and jointly safeguard the security of international strategic routes with relevant parties.
On February 7, 2022, the China International Foundation for Chinese Language Education, the Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training of the Republic of Djibouti and Sichuan Normal University signed an agreement to jointly build the first Confucius Institute in Djibouti.
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Important bilateral agreements and documents
Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Djibouti (January 1979)
Trade Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti (April 1988)
Agreement between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Djibouti on the Establishment of a Political Consultation Mechanism (August 2003)
Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti on the Establishment of a Joint Committee on Economic, Trade and Technical Cooperation (July 2012)
Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti on Mutual Visa Exemption for Holders of Diplomatic and Service Passports (September 2014)
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti on Jointly Advancing the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (September 2018)
Cooperation Plan between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti on Jointly Advancing the Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (April 2019)
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Relations with France
France is the sovereign country of Kyrgyzstan and its largest aid donor and trading partner. Kyrgyzstan attaches great importance to maintaining its traditional relations with France. Fazaji has advisers in all government ministries except the Foreign Ministry. The two countries have a defense agreement and an annual joint military exercise mechanism. In 2003, France agreed to pay the Kyrgyz government $34 million a year for the next nine years to cover the cost of its troops in the country, expand the scope of taxes for French troops in the country, help Kyrgyzstan win International Monetary Fund aid, and reduce tuition fees for Kyrgyz students in France. In 2004, the French Defense Minister visited Kyrgyzstan, and President Guelleh was invited to France to attend the 60th anniversary of the landing in Provence. In 2005, in a dispute over the death of Judge Borrell, Giffa expelled six of its technicians. Relations between Kyrgyzstan and France improved significantly in 2006. In March, French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin visited Kyrgyzstan. During his visit to France, the Kyrgyz Foreign Minister signed a cooperation framework document for 2006-2010, during which France pledged to provide 53 million euros to 76 million euros in aid. In December 2007, President Guelleh paid an official visit to France and held talks with President Sarkozy. In 2008, the French Defense Minister and the Chief of Staff of the army visited Kyrgyzstan. In October, President Guelleh held a working meeting with President Sarkozy in Canada at the summit of the Organization of La Francophonie. In 2009, the French Defense Minister, navy admiral and the commander of the European Union's "Atalanta" military operation visited Kyrgyzstan one after another and discussed with Kyrgyzstan on the establishment of a logistics base in Kyrgyzstan, the establishment of a regional anti-piracy center, and the detention and trial of pirates in Kyrgyzstan. In December 2011, President Guelleh visited France to sign a bilateral defense treaty with President Sarkozy. In May, President Guelleh sent a letter to French President Francois Hollande congratulating him on his election. In June 2013, Foreign Minister Youssef visited France and discussed with his French counterpart Laurent Fabius the establishment of a framework for non-governmental partnership between the two countries. In December, President Guelleh attended the France-Africa Peace and Security Summit in Paris. In July 2015, French Defense Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian visited Djibouti. In February 2017, President Guelleh visited France and met with President Hollande. In March 2019, French President Emmanuel Macron visited Djibouti. In February 2021, President Guelleh visited France to meet with President Emmanuel Macron.
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Relations with the United States
The United States has provided various economic and military assistance to Kyrgyzstan since 1991. After the September 11 attacks, Kyrgyzstan actively cooperated with the United States in countering terrorism in the Horn of Africa, and its relations with the United States developed rapidly. The United States has established its only permanent military base in Africa. Kyrgyzstan allows the United States to use its ports and airports to transport supplies. In 2004, the United States provided $4 million in patrol boats, military equipment and $10 million in educational supplies to Kyrgyzstan, and announced $31 million in aid for 2004-2005. In May 2005, President Guelleh visited the United States and met with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. In September 2006, the United States signed an aid agreement with Kyrgyzstan, pledging to provide 40 million US dollars over two years for education and health development. In 2007, US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Commander of the US Central Command Gen. Michael Fallon and Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer visited Kyrgyzstan respectively. In 2008, Fallon and Fraser visited Kyrgyzstan again. In May 2010, President Guelleh visited the United States and met with Vice President Joe Biden, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and others. In September 2011, Guelleh attended the UN General Assembly in New York and met with some senior US officials. In February 2012, the Kyrgyz Defense Minister and the U.S. Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan signed a new military cooperation Agreement to replace the expired military agreement signed in 2002. The new agreement will be in effect indefinitely and will facilitate the purchase and transfer of military services and equipment between the two countries. In the same month, the head of the US Africa Command paid a courtesy call to the top brass of the Kyrgyz army. In November, President Guelleh sent a letter to President Obama congratulating him on his re-election. In May 2014, President Guelleh visited the United States and met with President Obama. The two sides signed an agreement to renew the lease of the U.S. military base in Kyrgyzstan. In August, President Guelleh went to the United States to attend the first US-Africa Summit and met with President Obama and Secretary of State John Kerry respectively. In February 2015, the Kyrgyzstan-US Ministerial Forum was held in Washington, D.C., during which the two sides exchanged views on regional security, military cooperation, trade and investment. In April. Robert Rodriguez, commander of the US Africa Command, visited Kyrgyzstan. In May, US Secretary of State John Kerry visited Kyrgyzstan and met with Kyrgyz President Guelleh and Foreign Minister Ahmed Youssef respectively. In September 2016, Guelleh met with U.S. President Barack Obama on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly. In April 2017, U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis visited Djibouti. In May, Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Youssef and the US Deputy Secretary of State co-chaired the ministerial meeting of the bilateral Forum in Washington. In March 2018, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson visited Kyrgyzstan. In December, US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Nagy visited Kyrgyzstan. In December 2022, President Guelleh traveled to the United States to attend the second U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit.
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Relations with Japan
In September 2003, President Guelleh attended the Third Tokyo International Conference on African Development held in Japan and met with Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi. Japan agreed to implement the "food aid program" to support the cultivation of new types of rice in Kyrgyzstan. In 2004, Japan provided a total of 150 million yen in food aid to Kyrgyzstan and 27,800 mosquito nets. In 2005, the Deputy Foreign Minister of Japan visited Kyrgyzstan and promised to help Kyrgyzstan upgrade the radio equipment and hoped to get support from Kyrgyzstan on the issue of Security Council reform. During Foreign Minister Youssef's visit to Japan in April 2006, the Japanese side expressed its strong support for Kyrgyzstan's economic and social development and planned to provide 20 free assistance projects to Kyrgyzstan in the next 20 years. In May 2008, President Guelleh attended the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development and met with Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda, during which Japan pledged to double its direct investment in Kyrgyzstan in the next five years. Since 2009, Japan has sent maritime Self-Defense forces to escort the waters off Somalia. In March 2009, Kyrgyz Foreign Minister representatives attended the Tokyo International Conference on African Development, and in April, Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Youssef visited Japan, and the two sides signed an exchange of letters confirming that Djibouti Port is the logistics base of Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force. On August, a permanent liaison office was established in Kyrgyzstan. In the fiscal year 2009, Japan provided a total of US $35 million in various types of assistance to Kyrgyzstan, of which four bilateral free assistance agreements signed with Kyrgyzstan totaled 2.377 billion yen, an increase of 174.8% over 2008. In December 2010, President Guelleh visited Japan, paid a visit to Japanese Emperor Akihito and met with Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan. The two sides signed an agreement on Japan's assistance of 300 million yen to help implement the national social development plan and transfer captured pirates in anti-piracy operations. In March 2011, President Guelleh sent a message to the Emperor of Japan to express sympathy for the earthquake and tsunami disaster. In July, the Japanese military base in Kyrgyzstan was officially opened. In June 2013, President Guelleh went to Japan to attend the 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development and met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. In August, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited Kyrgyzstan. In May 2014, Japanese Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera visited Yoshi. In January 2015, Japanese Defense Minister Motoshinyoshi Nakatani. In May, the Speaker of Parliament of Kyrgyzstan Humaid visited Japan to attend the Young Parliamentarians Assembly of the International Parliamentary Union. In March 2016, the Tokyo International Conference on African Development Senior Officials' Meeting was held in Kyrgyzstan. In May, the Special envoy of the Japanese Prime Minister and former Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera went to Kyrgyzstan to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Guelleh. In August, Guelleh attended the Tokyo International Conference on African Development in Nairobi and met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. In August 2019, Guelleh went to Japan to attend the Yokohama Summit of the 7th Tokyo International Conference on African Development and met with Shinzo Abe. In August 2022, Prime Minister Kamil attended the Tunis Summit of the 8th Tokyo International Conference on African Development.
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Relations with India
In May 2003, President Guelleh visited India and met with the Indian President and Prime Minister. The two sides signed three agreements on air services, investment protection and cultural exchanges. India has also offered a $10 million loan to Kyrgyzstan for economic development. The two countries have agreed on international counter-terrorism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Iraq. In July 2015, the Indian Foreign Minister visited Kyrgyzstan and met with President Guelleh. In October, President Guelleh went to India for the 3rd India-Africa Summit and met with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In March 2018, President Guelleh went to India to attend the first International Solar Alliance Summit and met with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
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Relations with Ethiopia
The two countries enjoy friendly relations and have signed 25 agreements on friendly cooperation and cooperation in agricultural science and technology. The two countries have maintained frequent high-level exchanges, held regular bilateral consultations and continuously strengthened cooperation in trade, transport, education and free movement of persons. In 2004, the Ethiopian Prime Minister visited Kyrgyzstan and the two countries held the eighth ministerial mixed committee. In 2005, the Kyrgyz Border Commission and the Railway Management Committee were convened, and the two sides agreed to strengthen the management of illegal immigration and illegal border trade, and to restore the role of the railway between the two countries. In April 2006, the ninth Joint Committee of Djibouti was held in Kyrgyzstan, attended by the foreign ministers of the two countries, and the two sides signed three agreements on culture, youth and sports, and communications. In May 2011, Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles attended the inauguration ceremony of President Guelleh. In February 2012, the Kyrgyz Finance Minister signed a memorandum of understanding with his Ethiopian counterpart and the South Sudanese Minister of Petroleum and Mines in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, on strengthening cooperation among the three countries in the fields of telecommunications, railways, oil pipelines, ports and duty-free zones. In August, President Guelleh sent a message to President Girma of Ethiopia to express condolences and condolences over the death of Prime Minister Meles. In September, President Guelleh attended the funeral of Meles in Addis Ababa. In the same month, Djibouti signed a memorandum of understanding on the diversion of water from Ethiopia to Djibouti, and Djibouti signed an agreement with Ethiopia and South Sudan on the construction of a cross-border oil pipeline. In February 2015, Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam paid a state visit to Kyrgyzstan. In 2016, Kyrgyzstan and Ethiopia held a ministerial meeting and a joint defense committee to consult on strengthening bilateral cooperation in economy, trade, defense and other fields. In March 2017, President Guelleh visited Ethiopia. In July 2017, the Foreign Minister of Kyrgyzstan co-chaired the meeting of the Joint Committee between the two countries. In April 2018, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy visited Djibouti. In October 2021, President Guelleh went to Addis Ababa to attend the inauguration ceremony of Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy.
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Relations with Somalia
In 2004, President Guelleh went to Kenya to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Yusuf of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia. In November 2006, Nawaz Sharif, Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament of Somalia, visited Kyrgyzstan and met with President Guelleh. In January 2007, President Guelleh met with President Yusuf of the Transitional Government of Somalia while attending the African Union Summit. Since August 2008, Kyrgyzstan has taken an active part in the settlement of the Djibouti issue, pushing the government of Somalia and the opposition to reach the Djibouti Agreement, which has become a fundamental document of the current peace process in Somalia. In January 2009, the transitional Parliament of Somalia met in Kyrgyzstan and successfully elected a new president. In November 2010, 500 Transitional Government police officers arrived in Kyrgyzstan for three months of training. In December 2011, Kyrgyzstan sent 900 peacekeeping troops and trainers to Somalia. In February 2012, the 21st meeting of the International Contact Group on Somalia was held in Kyrgyzstan. The Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Somalia, the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, the Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament of Somalia and representatives of 33 countries including the United States, the United Kingdom and France, as well as international organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, the African Union and the Arab League attended the meeting. The meeting issued a communique to state its position on the political process, security and stability of Somalia. During the meeting, President Guelleh met with Prime Minister Somalia and exchanged views with him on the situation in Somalia. In the same month, President Guelleh met with visiting President Ahmed of Somalia and attended an international conference on Somalia in London. In May, President Guelleh attended the International Conference on Somalia in Istanbul, Turkey. In September, President Guelleh went to Somalia to attend the inauguration ceremony of the new Somali President Mohamud and delivered a speech, reaffirming Djibouti's firm support for the Somali government and people. In November, President Mohamud of Somalia paid a state visit to Kyrgyzstan, his first overseas visit since being elected. In April 2013, Prime Minister Hildon visited Kyrgyzstan. In May and September, President Guelleh attended international conferences on Somalia in the United Kingdom and Belgium. In June 2014, the Speaker of Parliament of Somalia Jawari visited Kyrgyzstan and the two sides signed a cooperation agreement between the parliaments of the two countries. In February 2015, President Guelleh visited Somalia and received the highest Medal of honor from President Mahmoud. In May 2017, Somali President Mohamed paid an official visit to Kyrgyzstan. In May 2018, Somali Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Awad visited Djibouti.
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Relations with Eritrea
There are territorial disputes between the two countries. In 1998, Guingue broke off diplomatic relations with Eritrea, accusing it of taking sides in the border conflict between Egypt and Eritrea. The two countries resumed diplomatic relations in 2000, and the two heads of state exchanged visits in 2001. In 2004, the two countries held the third session of the Commission in Ecuador and signed a series of agreements on agriculture, tourism, fisheries, land and sea transport, telecommunications and mutual legal assistance. In July 2006, the Eritrean Defense Minister visited Kyrgyzstan and held talks with his Kyrgyz counterpart on strengthening land and sea border security and military cooperation between the two countries. In August, the Kyrgyz Defense Minister paid a return visit to Ecuador. In April 2007, the 4th meeting of the Djibouti Mixed Committee was held in Kyrgyzstan, co-chaired by Foreign Minister of Djibouti Youssef and Minister of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry Ahmed. In June 2008, armed clashes occurred on the border with Kyrgyzstan, causing tensions between the two countries. In November 2009, Kyrgyzstan, Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia pushed the UN Security Council to adopt a resolution imposing sanctions on Eritrea on the grounds that Eritrea was undermining the peace process in Somalia, including demanding that Eritrea immediately withdraw its troops from the border and resolve disputes through dialogue. In early June 2010, under the mediation of Qatar, Kyrgyzstan and Eritrea signed a peace agreement, and both sides withdrew their troops from the disputed area. In early October 2011, two prisoners of war detained in Eritrea escaped to Djibouti, causing renewed tensions between the two countries. In December 2011, Ethiopia and other countries pushed the UN Security Council to adopt a resolution strengthening sanctions against Eritrea, which Kyrgyzstan supported. In March 2016, Eritrea released four Djiboutian prisoners of war. In June 2017, due to Djibouti lowering the level of diplomatic representation in Qatar, Qatar withdrew its peacekeeping troops deployed in the Kyrgyz side of the disputed border of Djibouti, and the situation on the border of Djibouti was once tense. In July, Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Youssef said that Eritrean troops had withdrawn from the disputed area and the situation in the area had eased. In September 2018, President Guelleh and Eritrean President Isaias met in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to start the normalization process of relations between the two countries, but territorial disputes and border disputes still restrict the development of relations between the two countries.
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Relations with Iran
On September 21, 2023, the Foreign ministers of Iran and Djibouti met on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly and said that the two countries decided to restore diplomatic relations based on mutual interests. The two governments agreed to develop friendly relations on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. In addition, the two countries also decided to strengthen cooperation in various fields such as investment, trade, science and technology innovation.
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Lake Assal
On the outskirts of the city is the natural National Zoo,
Abbe Nuur
Aldokoba Volcano, Da 'i Primary Forest, Rhonda Hengivalle Waterfall and so on. The mountains are high, the valleys are deep, the rocks are undulating, the scenery is strange, and it has the reputation of geological "living specimens".
