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Electronic Frontier Foundation
Non-profit international legal organization
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The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is a non-profit international legal organization founded in 1990. Founded by Mitch Kapor(president of Lotus), John Perry Barlow(a Wyoming rancher), and John Gilmore(an early Sun employee), the EFF is headquartered in San Francisco, with offices in Toronto and Brussels
World Intellectual Property Organization
One of the observers.
- Chinese name
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- Foreign name
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- Abbreviated form
- EFF
- Generic type
- Non-profit international legal organization
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On the Internet, people will not only encounter various technical and theoretical problems, but also encounter various legal problems, such as whether user information on the website is allowed to be disclosed to a third party, whether P2P is legal, etc., when technology and law conflict, how to protect the rights of ordinary people, which is the issue studied by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
EFF's goal is to educate the press, policymakers, and citizens about technology-related civil rights issues and to fight to defend those rights.
EFF's actions include providing financial assistance or legal defense services to individuals and new technologies that EFF believes have been subjected to unfounded or false legal threats; Providing legal guidance to governments and courts; Organizing actions to support new technologies that help uphold individual rights; Maintains databases and websites of relevant news and information, monitors and challenges laws that it believes infringe on individual rights and fairness; Look for patent abuse and challenge patents that don't make sense.
The EFF has about 30 members, and because the foundation is often involved in legal matters, a third of its employees are lawyers. The foundation is funded by donations, 75% of which come from individuals and 21% from organizations. EFF does not accept government funding.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation was founded in 1990 by Steve Jackson Games.
Steve Jackson Games is an American gaming company founded by Steve Jackson in Texas. On March 1, 1990, the company was suddenly searched by the United States Secret Service, and the company's computers and other electronic equipment were taken away by the search personnel, and the reasons for the search changed several times. Secret Service experts used GURPS Cyberpunk, one of the company's game manuals, as a manual on how to use computers to commit crimes, until a Secret Service warrant application was released in 1991. The real motive for the Secret Service search was the suspicion that Steve Jackson Games was guilty by Remote Association.
The so-called remote contact refers to a BBS set up by the company, which in 1990 was accessed mostly by technologists or hackers, and which the Secret Service suspected of circulating a file called E911(a document describing the American 9/11 system) that had been illegally copied by hackers. Eventually the Secret Service returned all the equipment and decided not to prosecute the company because they couldn't find the document. However, the Steve Jackson Games company was almost destroyed, especially when Steve Jackson found that personal letters saved on the company's BBS had been accessed and deleted, and he felt that individuals' rights to freedom of speech and privacy had been violated. Hoping to find an organization to help him file a lawsuit against the Secret Service and seek compensation. But the Internet was still far from most people's attention, and there was no organization that understood both the legal importance of these issues and the technical details involved. In this context, Mitch Kapor, John Perry Barlow, and John Gilmore formed the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which filed a lawsuit against the United States Secret Service on behalf of Steve Jackson Games and several other users of the company's BBS. The lawsuit lasted four years and was eventually won, with the Secret Service awarding Steve Jackson Games $50,000 in damages and $250,000 in attorney fees. What's more, email, like personal telephone communications, has been ruled by the courts to be protected from intrusion. The case has led to a search for a proper legal system in Cyberspace.
Since then, the EFF has continued to engage in similar Impact Litigation, hoping to cause legislative and judicial changes, or changes in public policy, through typical cases. In the early days, the EFF's fight was mainly against government departments, and with the development of the Internet, many companies suppressed people's rights to use technology through legal or technological means in order to control and expand revenue sources. The EFF's fight has also extended to this type of business.
EFF's business is divided into six main areas: Free Speech, Innovation, Intellectual Property, International issues, Privacy and Transparency.
The Internet has fundamentally changed the way people access and share information, from email, to blogs, to Wikipedia. The open architecture of the Internet has freed itself from the limitations inherent in traditional media. EFF wants to preserve the Internet as a platform for free speech, and when people go online, their rights should go with them. Without adequate legal protection, the freedom brought by the Internet is extremely limited, and traditional laws are not suitable for the Internet, which allows governments, companies and even individuals to easily undermine your right to speak out. From the cases handled by the EFF over the years, companies and individuals sued a lot of related cases, and blogs have become the focus of them, most of the cases are companies or individuals think that the content of a blog has caused harm to themselves and filed a lawsuit. In addition to participating in these legal exceptions, EFF has also launched the Fighting for Bloggers' Rights campaign, which has written a legal guide for bloggers about their rights to say what on their blogs.
EFF's work on innovation is twofold. On the one hand, EFF believes that innovation is also freedom of speech (technical) and fights against companies that restrict and stifle innovative work through laws and pernicious patents.
For example, in the case of Blizzard vs. BNETD, Blizzard argued that the open source software BNETD infringed on the rights of the Battlenet program developed by Blizzard. The EFF defended BNETD, arguing that open source software compatible with commercial software should be allowed to be developed, which would benefit consumers and promote technological innovation. The case ended in defeat for the EFF because of the legality of Reverse Engineering involved.
On the other hand, the new technology brought by innovation may threaten people's rights, and EFF is responsible for warning the public of this possible danger, indicating the harm that the new technology may bring in terms of civil rights, such as the leakage of user information that RFID technology may bring.
Intellectual property is mainly the dissemination of images and music products, especially the struggle between major media companies and P2P systems, compared with the first two EFF completely protect the position of Internet users, in the intellectual property EFF more emphasis on balance, hoping to find a way for artists to get paid for their own creation in addition to users being sued. But as companies push forward, intellectual property has become EFF's most frequently handled case.
Taking The case of RIAA vs. The People as an example, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has sued more than 20,000 music lovers on the grounds of P2P sharing, which has not ended from 2003 to today, and is called spamigation by the EFF.
EFF has always stood on the standpoint of P2P and users. For P2P software, EFF believes that its right to technological Innovation should be protected. For users, the EFF argues that their privacy should not be violated (the EFF believes that ISPs should not provide the RIAA with information about who is using P2P software, which violates users' privacy rights). But as far as intellectual property itself is concerned, the EFF has no effective means of attack, so how this spam-like lawsuit will be resolved seems to be difficult to determine.
International issues mainly refer to the activities of EFF branches in Europe and Canada, because the laws of each country are different, so EFF's international activities are still very limited.
The threats posed by modern technology to people's privacy are manifold. Mobile phones and RFID can reveal users' location information, Internet information can infer users' preferences, and Internet searches can make people find themselves so transparent.
The EFF believes that technology is not the fundamental problem, but the law is the fundamental way to solve the problem, and traditional laws are often unable to apply to new technologies, so that new technologies cause damage to users' privacy rights. EFF believes that in this regard, governments and courts must continue to fight to ensure that people's rights in the digital world are continuously guaranteed.
New technologies and tools are also giving people more means to discover information about governments and companies and hold them accountable. EFF is committed to promoting and promoting the invention and use of these tools, such as the EFF's Test Your ISP campaign, in response to many ISPs will detect and filter P2P protocol packets, EFF developed pcapdiff program, so that people can check whether their ISP will perform similar content filtering behavior.
Although the Internet has no boundaries, the law does have boundaries, and many of EFF's actions are closely related to the American legal system, which we should note while studying EFF cases.
Facebook CEO could face up to five years in prison for hacking
Kevin Bankston, chief privacy attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), said Zuckerberg's early hacking experience had broken the law. "Hacking into someone else's email may violate federal criminal laws that regulate electronic privacy and prohibit computer fraud," he said. Depending on the motive of the hacker, he could be convicted of a felony and face up to five years in prison."
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According to the lawyers, Zuckerberg violated 18 USC 2701(a) by hacking into other people's electronic archives without permission. Hackers can be convicted of felonies and face up to five years in prison if their actions are motivated by commercial motives. If it is not for commercial purposes, it is a misdemeanor and carries a sentence of only one year. In addition, Zuckerberg's intrusion into a protected computer violates federal law 18 USC 1030(a)(2)(c). If done for commercial purposes, they also face up to five years in prison.
Since both counts carry a maximum sentence of five years in prison, Zuckerberg will not face federal prosecution. Under Massachusetts law, theft of more than $250 is also punishable by a felony, with a maximum sentence of five years. But in Massachusetts, theft of electronic data has a six-year statute of limitations for prosecution, just like theft.
