Kingdom of Denmark ( Danish Kongeriget Danmark; English : The Kingdom of Denmark), the capital of Denmark Copenhagen , located in Europe North. Namtong Germany Bordering on the west Beihai , North and Norse , Sweden Facing each other across the sea. It has a temperate maritime climate. The terrain is low and flat, with few types of natural resources, and few other minerals except oil and gas. The total area of 43,096 square kilometers (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands), of which the coastline is 7,314 kilometers, the country has 5 regions, 98 municipalities and 5 municipalities Greenland , Faroe Islands Two autonomous territories. As of December 2023, the total population of Denmark is 5.946 million people, mainly Danish, most of them believe in Christianity . ^[3]

In 985, Denmark became a United Kingdom. It became powerful in the 14th century and was established as Queen of Denmark in 1397 Margaret I For the leader Kalmar Union Its territory included parts of present-day Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Finland. At the end of the 15th century, it began to decline. In 1523, Sweden became independent from the Union. In 1814 Norway was ceded to Sweden. In 1849, a constitutional monarchy was established. Iceland gained independence from Denmark in 1918. Neutrality was declared in both world wars. It was occupied by Nazi Germany from April 1940 to May 1945. In 1949, he joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization In 1973, he joined European Economic Community . Owned pairs Greenland and Faroe Islands The sovereignty of... ^[3]

Denmark is a developed Western industrial country with one of the highest per capita GDP in the world, ranked 10th in the World Economic Forum's 2019 Global Competitiveness Report, and its economy is largely dependent on trade with other countries. Denmark is North Atlantic Treaty Organization The founding countries and European Union Member states. In 2022, Denmark's GDP was About $405.5 billion.

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Denmark has been elected a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council 15 hours ago

Denmark, Greece, Pakistan, Panama and Somalia were elected as non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council from 2025 to 2026 in a vote at the UN General Assembly in New York on June 6. ... details

Content from CCTV News

Chinese name: Kingdom of Denmark
Foreign name: The Kingdom of Denmark
Abbreviated form: Denmark
continent: Europe
capital: Copenhagen
Major city: Aarhus , Odense , Alborg , Esbjorn Etc.
National Day: April 16th
National song: " There's a good place "
Country code: DNK
Official language: Danish
currency: Danish krone
Time zone: UTC+1
Political system: A parliamentary constitutional monarchy
National leader: Matt Frederiksen (Prime Minister) , Frederic Andre Henrik Christian (King of Denmark)

Population number: 5.946 million ^[3] (December 2023)
Population density: 146.4 people per square kilometer ^[2] (Year 2021)
Major nationality: Danes
Major religion: Lutheranism
Land area: 43096 km²
Total GDP: About $405 billion ^[15] (2023)
Per capita GDP: About $68,000 ^[3] ^[15] (2023)
International telephone area code: 45
International domain name abbreviation: dk
Road access: Drive on the right
Central bank: Danske National Bank
National bird: Swan
The national flower: Holly flower
climate: Temperate maritime climate
Leading institution: University of Copenhagen , Aarhus University Etc.

catalogue

Historical evolution

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EDITOR

Early history

Around 10,000 BC, Jutland Humans began to live, hunting for a living.

From 4200 BC to 3400 BC, the people who settled in this area entered the Neolithic Age, clearing land and cultivating agriculture. It entered around 400 BC Bronze Age .

Viking age

The Danes are good sailors and often travel south Roman Empire In order to amber , flint In exchange for grain and other supplies. They were often merchants as well as thieves, and in the summer they went out to sea to loot.

In 793, Danish pirates attacked England Lindisfarne Island. From then on, Danish pirates invaded England on an increasing scale.

In 871, Danish pirates captured London. King of England in 878 Alfred the Great Making peace with Danish pirates, the two sides divided England, and Danish immigrants established the "Danish Quarter" in northeast England. The United Kingdom was formed in 985. ^[3]

King of Denmark in 1016 Canute the Great They captured all of England and established territories including Norway, England, Scotland Most of Sweden and the southern part of the "Great North Sea Empire". The empire collapsed in 1042.

Kalmar Union and Foreign wars

The Kalmar Union in the 16th century

After the mid-12th century, Valdemar the First Created a strong Absolute monarchy Feudal dynasty Possession by war of aggression Estonia , Elbe The north and the island of Gotland.

The Kalmar Union was formed in 1397 under the leadership of Queen Margrethe I of Denmark, and included the territories of present-day Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and part of Finland, with Denmark as the dominant country. ^[3] Kalmar Union It lasted a total of 126 years, during which time Denmark was broken Hanseatic League The economic domination of the Baltic Sea continued to expand abroad and was annexed after a long war Schleswig And Holstein. The long war cost Denmark a great deal of money and increased taxes. The annexation of land by the rich aristocracy caused riots among the peasants.

Mid-14th century The Plague And nearly half the population. To quell discontent and unrest, in 1468, the king Christian I A four-level meeting was convened to seek support. But riots continued, especially in Sweden.

In 1520, Christian the Second He led a heavy army to conquer the Swedish capital which had been occupied by the Swedish Independents Stockholm And massacred a large number of Swedish nobles who participated in the rebellion, triggering the Dalarna Uprising.

In 1523, the Danish army was defeated and Sweden declared its independence. Denmark fought repeatedly with Sweden for control of the Baltic Sea and surrounding areas, such as in 1563-70 Seven Years' War 1611-1613 Kalmar War However, all the wars ended in failure, resulting in the decreasing of the territory.

Thirty Years' War The situation in Denmark was even worse, and in 1657, all of Denmark was occupied by Sweden. Then, in 1675 to 1679 Scanian Wars From 1709 to 1720 Northern War China was also defeated by Sweden. Weakened, Denmark avoided being drawn into the chaos of the European continent at the time. in Seven years' War , Anglo-french war and French Revolution Early Denmark all kept neutrality Or avoid getting involved.

Denmark's shipping industry and overseas trade is very developed, the merchant fleet is second only to the United Kingdom in Europe, and has a sizeable fleet. Denmark was founded at the end of the 16th century East India Company , in West Indies and Guinea Own a colony.

In 1767, Denmark declared an "Alliance of Armed neutrality" with Russia and Sweden American Revolution During the French Revolution, Denmark became neutral again, and the British launched the war without declaring it in 1801 Battle of Copenhagen . In 1807, the fleet was bombarded Copenhagen ^{[13
]} The Danish Navy was completely destroyed. Denmark came around Napoleon I , From 1807 to 1814, it was allied with France against Britain. Napoleon After the defeat, the King of Sweden Bernadotte And took Norway from Denmark. ^[3]

The development of capitalism

Years of war caused great damage to the Danish economy, especially in agriculture. The government had to make reforms to limit the privileges of the landed aristocracy. In Denmark in 1799, Schleswig in 1804 and Holstein in 1804, the compulsory servitude system of peasants was changed to the tenancy system, thus ending the personal dependence of peasants to landlords since the Middle Ages. To ease its financial difficulties, Denmark sold its colonies in the West Indies and Guinea. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the financial situation improved.

Due to the influence of German nationalism and Prussia The direct intervention of Schleswig and Holstein caused unrest, and in 1848 revolts broke out demanding secession from Denmark and integration into the German Commonwealth. Denmark fought a war with both duchies for nearly three years before finally stopping the war in Prussia Schleswig A narrow victory in the case of the march secured the two duchies. In 1864, when Denmark announced the annexation of Schleswig to Denmark and its separation from Holstein, Prussia joined forces with Austria to intervene. After Denmark's defeat, it signed the Peace of Vienna, ceding Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia and Germany Austria .

In 1848, under the influence of the democratic movement in France, Germany and other European countries, the Danish Constitutional Assembly promulgated the constitution and abolished it Absolute monarchy Regime, change profession Constitutional monarchy And imposing restrictions on property Universal suffrage . A constitutional monarchy was established in 1849. ^[3] In 1870, the Left Party, representing the interests of the kulaks, was founded. In 1871, Danish Social Democratic Party Founded and organized labor unions throughout the country. At the end of the 19th century, Denmark's industrialization developed rapidly, and shipbuilding, telecommunications and manufacturing industries began to have a certain scale. The rural community system was replaced by the cooperative system, and agriculture developed in the direction of specialization, becoming one of the major agricultural countries in the world.

World war period

World War I During this period, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality, and at the request of Germany, Brei sealed off the waters of Sund and the Belt Strait. After the German surrender, Denmark called for a plebiscite in Schleswig to settle the question of ownership. ^[3] In 1920, northern Schleswig was returned to Denmark by referendum.

In 1924, the Danish Social Democrats formed a separate government for the first time. Faced with the intractable problem of unemployment and economic depression, the Social Democratic government failed to come up with proper solutions and was forced to resign after two years in office.

In 1929, during the Great Recession, the Social Democrats won the general election and formed a coalition with the Radical Left Party, which, except for a few brief defeats, formed a government either alone or in coalition until the 1970s. In terms of economy, the Great Depression of the Western economy in the 1930s also affected Denmark. In 1933, the unemployment rate in Denmark reached 40%, and the government greatly devalued the currency to stimulate exports. In 1933 and 1934, agricultural products agreements were signed with the United Kingdom and Germany, and agricultural production was adjusted accordingly, alleviating the effects of the economic depression.

World War II Before the outbreak, Denmark had not been involved in continental disputes, and in 1939, Denmark accepted the non-aggression pact proposed by Nazi Germany. But Nazi Germany was disbelieving On April 9, 1940, Germany attacked Denmark, and the Danish government surrendered on the same day. ^[3]

In 1941, Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands were occupied by the United States and lost contact with Denmark. In 1944, Iceland became independent and Greenland and the Faroe Islands were returned to Denmark.

During the Second World War, the Danish people, under the leadership of the "Freedom Committee", "Land and People" and other organizations, launched various ways to fight against fascist Germany and their own Nazis. With the intensification of German rule and plunder, the struggle grew in scale, from small-scale sabotage to large-scale sabotage and general strikes. The underground resistance not only operated in Denmark itself, but also formed an armed force in Sweden, the Danish Battalion, consisting of 5,000 men. The German occupation forces surrendered on 4 May 1945.

Post-war period

Map of Denmark

In 1947, Denmark accepted Marshall Plan . In April 1948, Denmark joined Organization for European Economic Cooperation He joined in April 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization It joined in May of the same year European Commission .

On 11 May 1950, Denmark established diplomatic relations with China.

In 1953, the Danish Constitution was amended to make Denmark Constitutional monarchy In the state, the parliament is unicameral. We will actively develop Nordic cooperation abroad. Joined in 1973 European Community . ^[3] The King of Denmark is Frederick X (ascended the throne in 2024).

On June 6, 2024, members of the United Nations General Assembly voted at UN headquarters in New York to elect Denmark as a non-permanent member of the Security Council from 2025 to 2026. ^[18]

Geographical environment

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Regional location

Denmark is located in northern Europe from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea outlet, a total area of 43,096 square kilometers (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands), is Western Europe, northern Europe land transportation hub, known as the "Northwest Europe bridge". It borders Germany to the south, the North Sea to the west, and Norway and Sweden across the sea to the north. The coastline is 8,750 km long.

Denmark

landform

Topographic map of Denmark

Denmark is low and flat, with an average elevation of about 30 meters above sea level. Jutland To the west are undulating plains of glacial sediments, with wide beaches and dunes along the North Sea coast. Eastern and central Jutland is one of the most typical areas in Europe to study the sedimentary topography of the ice age. Vast hills run almost the entire length of the peninsula, cut across the eastern coast by bays and gullies, gullies wide and long, two dangerous walls, the bottom of which is a winding river. The eastern coast is not directly affected by strong winds and waves, forming many deep bays and good harbours. The central part of the peninsula is full of marshes, lakes and protruding hills.

climate

Danelia Temperate maritime climate Warm in winter and cool in summer, abundant precipitation, the national climate is mild and stable, and the annual precipitation is relatively uniform. The coldest month is February, with an average temperature of 1℃. The hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 17 ° C. In recent ten years, the average annual rainfall is about 782 mm.

Natural resources

Denmark is poor in natural resources. Apart from oil and gas, there are few other mineral deposits. Proven remaining recoverable oil reserves are 1.16 billion barrels, ranking 38th in the world. Proved remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas are 101 billion cubic meters, ranking 54th in the world. Proved lignite reserves of 90 million cubic meters. The forest covers an area of 486,000 hectares, with a coverage rate of 11.4%. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are important coastal fishing grounds. ^[3]

Administrative division

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Zoning details

On 1 January 2007, Denmark adopted a new administrative division. The country has 5 regions, 98 cities and Greenland , Faroe Islands Two autonomous territories.

Subdivisions of Denmark

Subdivisions of Denmark
region	The capital	Largest city	Area (km²)	Number of municipalities under its jurisdiction
Capital Region (Hovedstaden)	Hillel	Copenhagen	2568	29
Region Midtjylland	Viborg	Aarhus	13142	19
North Jutland Region (Region Nordjylland)	Alborg	Alborg	7927	11
Region Sjælland	Soller	Roskilde	7273	17
Southern Denmark Region (Syddanmark)	Wael	Odense	12132	22 ^[1]

Major city

Views of Copenhagen

capital Copenhagen It is the national political, economic, cultural, scientific research center and the largest city and largest port, with a population of 1.381 million (December 2023). It has been named "the most livable City" and "the best Designed City". Copenhagen is both a traditional trade and shipping center and a new city, where many important international conferences are held and most of the country's important companies are concentrated here. Other major centres include: Aarhus, Odense and Aalborg. ^[4]

National symbol

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Country name

The Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark) is DK (DNK).

In the old Gaudi language, "Dan" means "beach, forest" and "Mai" means "land, country".

flag

Flag of Denmark

Flag of Denmark It is one of the oldest and oldest flags still in use today and is known as the "Danish Power". Rectangular in shape, the ratio of length to width is 37∶28. The ground of the flag is red and the flag has white on it cross Pattern, slightly to the left. According to the Danish epic, in 1219 the Danish king Valdemar Victoris (also known as the King of Victory) led an army against the Estonian pagans. At the Battle of Rondanis on 15 June, the Danes were bogged down. Suddenly, a red flag with a white cross fell from the sky, accompanied by a loud voice: "Seize this flag is victory!" Inspired by this flag, the Danish army fought bravely and turned defeat into victory. The white cross has since become the flag of the Kingdom of Denmark. Every June 15, Denmark celebrates" Flag day Valdemar Day.

National emblem

Coat of arms of Denmark

Coat of arms of Denmark The history can be traced back to The 12th century . Its central motif is a gold color Coat of arms The shield is painted with three blue lions with red tongues, crowns on their heads and nine blood-colored chicken hearts, which symbolize the imperial throne of Denmark's ancient German-speaking rulers. In Germany is Madame Bora Borsra in Elbe Kouyo Aude interoral Baltic Sea An early feudal state founded along the coast. The magnificent crown at the top of the coat of arms symbolizes the King of Denmark.

The national flower

chamomile

The national flower of Denmark is chamomile . Also known as Chrysanthemum coronarium Wood chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, Oriental chrysanthemum, also known as Margaret, maiden flower, French chrysanthemum and so on. It is a perennial herb of Compositae family. The flowering period is very long, from early spring to autumn can bloom, because the stem is easy to lignification relationship, so the name wood Chunju. The wood chamomile flower period is long, the leaves are luxuriant, the color is elegant. The flowers have meanings of pride, satisfaction, joy and so on.

National bird

Swan

The national bird of Denmark is Swan . Swans are members of the class of birds, anseriformes, anatidae Birds. It's a big white swan. Black mouth with large yellow base. The yellow extends to the lateral margin of the upper beak. The neck is tight when swimming Cygnus mute It's straight. In Danish culture, the swan is a symbol of purity, loyalty and nobility.

population

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As of December 2022, Denmark has a total population of 5.928 million people, with Danes accounting for about 85%.

Population distribution by major cities in Denmark (as at 31 March 2021)
city	Copenhagen	Aarhus	Alborg	Odense	Roskilde
Population (10,000)	63.90	35.20	22.00	20.50	8.90

political

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EDITOR

The political situation is generally stable. In December 2022, the Danish Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party and the Moderate Party formed a cross-camp coalition government, which mainly covers the economy, welfare reform, green, foreign affairs and other areas. It mainly includes the introduction of inflation relief measures and the optimization of tax structure; Reduce emissions by 110% from 1990 levels by 2050, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045; Improve the national welfare system, promote public sector, education and health care reform, optimize the early retirement system; He will be a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council from 2025 to 2026.

regime

Danish practice Constitutional monarchy The Queen is the symbol of the state and does not directly exercise executive power. A unicameral parliament is in place.

On 14 January 2024, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark abdicated and passed the throne to her eldest son Crown Prince Frederick. ^[11] On the same day, the Danish Prime Minister Fraser Riecksen announced from the balcony of the Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen that Frederick had officially succeeded to the throne as King Frederick Ten generations. ^[12]

Margrethe II signs the abdication statement

Accept the congratulations of the people 1

Accept the congratulations of the people 2

Accept congratulations 3

constitution

The current constitution of Denmark was enacted in 1849 and amended four times in 1866, 1915, 1920, and 1953. According to the Constitution, Dan is a constitutional monarchy. With a 5/6 majority in parliament, the government can cede sovereignty within certain limits to some "international body". ^[3]

congress

Denmark The Parliament is unicameral, with 179 seats. Members are elected by universal suffrage for four-year terms. The current parliament will be formed after the November 2022 general election, It consists of the Social Democrats (50 seats), the Liberal Party (23 seats), the Moderate Party (16 seats), the Social Party (15 seats), the Danish Democratic Party (14 seats), the Liberal Alliance (14 seats), the Conservative Party (10 seats), the Red-Green Alliance (9 seats), the Radical Party (7 seats), the Danes Party (6 seats), the Alternative Party (6 seats), and the New Conservative Party (4 seats). In addition, Greenland and the Faroe Islands each have two seats. One non-party member. Speaker Søren Gade (Liberal Party). ^[15]

judiciary

There are three levels of court in Denmark. There are one Supreme Court, two national courts and 82 district courts. In addition, there are specialized courts such as the Maritime and Commercial Court and the Special Litigation Court. The Supreme Court consists of a President and 18 judges, who are recommended by the Government (Minister of Justice) and appointed by the head of State, and serve until retirement. The courts exercise their powers independently. Supreme Court President JensPeterChristensen. The prosecution is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and consists of a Prosecutor General and three State prosecutors. Attorney General Yan Reckendorff. The Parliamentary Ombudsman, NielsFenger. ^[3]

Political party

Political party	nature	introduce
SocialDemocraticParty	The ruling party	Founded in 1871. Advocate the development of green economy, improve and develop the welfare system, and actively participate in international cooperation. In the November 2022 general election, the support rate of 27.5%, is the largest political party in Dan. Chairman Mette Frederiksen.
LiberalParty (Theliberal)	The ruling party	Founded in 1870, it is the oldest political party in Denmark. It advocates stronger EU cooperation, supports free competition and opposes centralization. In the November 2022 general election, the vote was 13.3%, the second largest party in Dan, and the acting chairman Stephanie Lowes.
TheModerates	The ruling party	It was founded in 2021 by Lars Loekke Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark. We support lowering taxes, deepening healthcare reform, and promoting social equity. In November 2022, he won 9.3% of the vote. President Lars Loekke Rasmussen.
SocialistPeople's Party (TheSocialistPeople 'sParty or GreenLeft)	Party out of power	It values human rights, democracy, welfare and the environment, and advocates stronger EU cooperation and a broader security policy. The vote for the November 2022 election is 8.3 percent. Chairperson PiaOlsen Duhr (female).
Danish Democratic Party (TheDenmarkDemocrats)	The opposition party, the far-right party	It was founded in June 2022 by IngerStøjberg, former immigration minister of Dan and former vice president of the Freedom Party. Advocates a tough immigration policy, supports reducing market regulation by the EU and the Danish government, and supports improving welfare policies for the elderly population. In November 2022, he won 8.1% of the vote. Chairman Ingel Steiber.
Freedom Alliance (LiberalAlliance)	Party out of power	Originally called the New Alliance, it was formed in 2007 by former Radical Party member NaserKhader and three other people, and changed its current name in August 2008. It advocates lower taxes and greater social integration, supports a foreign policy that promotes peace, freedom and free trade, and strengthens cooperation with the European Union and NATO. The vote for the November 2022 election was 7.9 percent. Chairman AlexVanopslagh.
Conservative Party (TheConservativePeople 'sParty)	Party out of power	It was founded in 1916. It advocates upholding private ownership and free trade, adopting a tougher immigration policy, and actively participating in international cooperation. The vote for the November 2022 election is 5.5%. Chairman Soren Pape Paulsen.
Red-green Alliance (or UnityList)	Party out of power	It was formed in 1989 by the Communist Party of Denmark, the Communist Workers' Party and anti-EU forces. He opposed a large increase in defense spending, and advocated reducing unemployment and strengthening environmental protection. He entered Parliament for the first time in September 1994. The vote for the November 2022 election was 5.2 percent. Adopt a collective leadership system.
Radical Party (the Danishsocial-LiberalParty)	Party out of power	Founded in 1905. Values individual dignity, freedom and environmental issues, and advocates participation in international cooperation. The vote for the November 2022 election is 3.8%. Chairman MartinLidegaard.
DanishPeople's Party (TheDanishPeople 'sParty)	Party out of power	It was formed in October 1995 by members of Parliament who left the Progressive Party. It is strongly nationalistic, supports strict immigration policies, and emphasizes the independence of Danish policy. The vote for the November 2022 election is 2.6%. Chairman MortenMesserschmidt.
TheAlternative (Alternative)	Party out of power	It was formed in November 2013 by UffeElbæk, a former Radical Party member and former Culture minister. It supports green environmental protection, freedom, democracy and social justice, and advocates improving refugee asylum policies and strengthening international cooperation. The vote for the November 2022 election is 3.3 percent. Its president, Francesca Rosenkilde.
New Conservative Party (TheNewRight)	The opposition party, the far-right party	It was founded in 2015 by two former Conservative Party members. Is anti-immigrant and supports the deportation of all illegal immigrants; Supports private ownership and free trade and opposes tax increases. The vote for the November 2022 election is 3.7%. Chairman Lars Boye Matthias En.

In addition, Dan and the Christian Democrats (TheChristianDemocraticParty), free green party (TheIndependentGreens), strong party (HardLine) and so on a number of parliamentary party. ^[3]

government

The Danish central government is formed by a Prime Minister appointed by the King for a term of four years.

In December 2022, the Social Democrats, Liberals and Moderates formed a coalition government. The cabinet consists of 23 members, including Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, Female), Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister Troels Lund Poulsen, and Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen. ^[15]

dignitaries

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen

King Frederick X. Born in Copenhagen on 26 May 1968. He studied at Aarhus University in Denmark and Harvard University in the United States. On 14 January 2024, former Queen Margrethe II abdicated. Married Mary Donaldson (Australia) on 14 May 2004. He has four children, the eldest of whom is Crown Prince Kristian. He visited China as Crown Prince in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2017 and 2018. ^[10]

Matt Frederiksen : Prime Minister, Social Democrat. Born 1977, Master of African Studies, University of Copenhagen. He served as Minister of Employment and Minister of Justice. He has been a member of Parliament since 2001 and chairman of the Social Democratic Party since 2015. He became Prime Minister in June 2019 and was re-elected in December 2022. Married, with a son and a daughter. She is the youngest and second female prime minister in Dan's history.

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

Denmark is a developed Western industrial country, per capita GDP ranks among the top in the world, in Switzerland's International Institute for Management Development (IMD) 2023 World competitiveness ranking report ranked first. Key economic indicators for 2023 are as follows:

Gross Domestic Product: About $405 billion.

Gross domestic product per capita: about $68,000.

Economic growth rate: 1.8%.

Inflation rate: 3.4%.

Unemployment rate: 2.6%. ^[15]

Industrial structure: In 2020, the output value of Denmark's primary, secondary and tertiary industries will account for 1.6%, 23.9% and 74.6% of GDP respectively. In 2020, the share of consumption, investment and net exports in GDP will be 70.34%, 23.17% and 6.9% respectively.

Government debt: At the end of 2020, the Danish government debt balance was DKK 806.8 billion ($123.47 billion), or 34.7% of GDP; Of this, domestic debt amounted to 724.6 billion Danish Crowns ($110.89 billion), or 31.2 percent of GDP, and external debt of 82.2 billion kroner ($12.58 billion), or 3.52 percent of GDP. The debt structure is reasonable, with long-term debt of more than two years accounting for 63.2% and short-term debt of less than one year accounting for 26.7% of the total debt.

Credit rating: As of April 30, 2021, Denmark's sovereign credit rating is AAA by international rating agencies S&P, Moody's and Fitch. Denmark is one of the few countries in the world to maintain a triple-A credit rating for a long time, and its foreign debt is not restricted by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Farming and animal husbandry

Denmark has flat terrain, ample arable land, a climate suitable for farming, and relatively uniform rainfall throughout the year, so agriculture and animal husbandry are highly developed. In recent years, affected by the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, the share of agriculture in the national economy has declined year by year, but it still accounts for a large proportion in foreign trade. The total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for about 3.4% of GDP (2022), with 28,000 square kilometers of arable land and 42,000 farms. The level of agricultural science and technology and productivity rank among the advanced countries in the world. In addition to meeting the domestic market, most agricultural and livestock products are exported, accounting for 7.5% of total exports, and pork, cheese and butter exports rank among the highest in the world. ^[3]

Denmark is the world's leading pork exporter, with an annual output of about 30 million heads, nearly 90% for export, exports account for about 20% of Denmark's agricultural exports, and is the world's leading producer and exporter of grass seeds, with annual exports of about 300 million US dollars. ^[3]

Fishery industry

Denmark has a vast coastline, but also the convergence of cold and warm waters, fishing industry is developed, is one of the world's top ten fishing countries, is also the largest fishing country in the European Union, fishing accounted for about one-third of the EU's total catch. The main fishing products in Denmark are cod, flounder, herring, mackerel, shrimp and shellfish. Annual exports of fishery products were recently valued at $3.5 billion.

industry

Industry plays an important role in the national economy, with total industrial output accounting for about 34.5% of GDP (2022). The main industrial sectors are: food processing, machinery manufacturing, petroleum extraction, shipbuilding, cement, electronics, chemicals, metallurgy, medicine, textiles, furniture, tobacco, paper and printing equipment. More than 60% of the products are exported, accounting for about 70% of the total exports. Products such as Marine mainframes, cement equipment, hearing AIDS, enzymes and artificial insulin are world-renowned. Enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized. ^[3]

Pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry is one of Denmark's pillar industries. 90% of products are exported, and exports account for 60% of industrial exports. The quality and technology of many drugs enjoy a high reputation in the world, among which the output and quality of artificial insulin and enzyme preparations are in the forefront of the world. In 2019, Danish exports of biomedical products reached 133 billion Danish kroner ($19.94 billion), an increase of 25% year-on-year and a record high. Located between Copenhagen and the Skona region in southern Sweden, the "Medicine Valley" is the largest and fastest growing biotechnology cluster in Europe, with a large concentration of universities, research institutes, affiliated hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies.

Energy conservation and environmental protection industry

Denmark is recognized as one of the world's best at solving energy problems. After the first oil crisis in 1973, Denmark actively advocated the "efficient, clean and sustainable" energy development model and developed renewable energy sources. Denmark is world class in renewable energy, especially wind and bioenergy. Denmark's renewable energy technologies such as wind power generation, straw power generation, waste power generation, supercritical clean coal and cogeneration technology are world famous. Denmark's wind power research began in 1981 and is one of the first countries in the world to carry out wind power research and application. After years of development, Denmark has formed a certain scale in the wind power industry and wind turbine manufacturing, and has considerable competitiveness. In 2020, wind power will account for 48% of Denmark's total electricity consumption, ranking first in the world.

finance

The Danish banking system is efficient and electronic services are convenient and fast. Major banks in the Nordic region operate in Denmark. In addition to general banking, Danske Bank also provides other financial services such as insurance, mortgage finance, real estate services, asset management and leasing services. Danske Bank is advanced in electronic cash management. The e-banking system can be adapted to the specific needs of the company, including the integration of financial management systems, handling accounts opened in banks in other countries, querying account history information, controlling cash flow, effectively managing domestic and foreign liquidity, etc.

Central bank

The central Bank of Denmark is the Danish National Bank, which is mainly responsible for financial and monetary policy, currency issuance, international payments and settlement, and government debt management.

Commercial bank

There are more than 100 banks operating in Denmark, including local and international banks. The outstanding feature of the banking industry is that there are fewer large banks, but they account for the vast majority of the market share, and there are a large number of small and medium-sized banks. Commercial banks with a relatively large presence in Denmark include:

(1) Danske Bank: the largest bank in Denmark, with 234 branches in 16 countries including Sweden, Norway, Finland and Ireland, with a total of more than 2.8 million individual, corporate and institutional customers and more than 20,000 employees. At the end of 2019, total assets amounted to DKK 3.76 trillion and deposits amounted to DKK 962.9 billion. Net profit of 4.589 billion DKK in 2020.

(2) Nordea Bank: One of the largest banks in the Nordic region, headquartered in Helsinki, operating in 20 countries and regions, with 11 million customers, around 1,000 branches, more than 29,000 employees and a net profit of 2.265 billion euros in 2020. There are branches in Denmark.

Jyske Bank (Jyske Bank) : one of the largest banks in Denmark, with 3,770 employees, headquartered in Silkeborg, Denmark, outlets all over Denmark, with 99 branches in Denmark, and branches in Germany, Gibraltar and other places. Net profit of 1.609 billion DKK in 2020.

(4) Sydbank (Bank of the South) : Its customers are mainly concentrated in the Jutland region, mainly for individual customers and small and medium-sized enterprises, with more than 2,100 employees, 112 branches in 17 regions in Denmark and branches in Germany. The Danish domestic market accounted for 12% of corporate business and 6% of retail business. Profit after tax in 2020 was DKK 799 million.

Foreign bank

Foreign banks in Denmark include Handelsbanken, Citibank International PLC, Forex Bank (Sweden), DNB Nor Bank (Norway), and Luxembourg International Bank (BIL).

Securities market

The Copenhagen Stock Exchange is part of the Nordic-Baltic Joint Stock Exchange (OMX) and deals in stocks, bonds, financial derivatives and other money market instruments, all through electronic means. On March 31, 2021, the OMXC20CAP index on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange stood at 1,700 points, up 49 points from a year earlier. ^[4]

currency

The Danish currency is Danish krone (Danish Krone-DKK). Although Denmark is a member of the European Union, but did not join the eurozone, Denmark has a restricted floating exchange rate system for the krone, monetary policy and exchange rate closely stare at the euro, the middle exchange rate of 1 euro against 7.46038 Danish krone, the Danish central Bank stipulated a floating range of 2.25%. On March 31, 2021, the exchange rate of the euro to the Danish krone was 1: 7.4373 and the exchange rate of the US dollar to the Danish krone was 1:6.3431. Since December 2016, the RMB can be directly settled with the local currency, and the exchange rate of the RMB against the Danish krone on March 31, 2021 is: 1:0.9682. ^[4]

Shipping industry

Shipping is Denmark's traditional pillar industry, is the main source of foreign trade surplus, exports accounted for 25% of Denmark's total exports. Denmark owns more than 7% of the world's merchant fleet and provides about 10% of the world's shipping market. According to the Danish Shipping Association, in 2019, Danish shippers owned 731 Danish-flagged vessels with a shipping capacity of 21.3 million deadweight tons. The Danish fleet has a high degree of modernization, young ship age, advanced technology and high operational efficiency, and has a greater advantage in maritime safety. The main types of vessels are container ships, chemical tankers, refrigerated ships and liquefied gas vessels. Maersk is the world's largest container shipping company.

Service industry

Denmark The service sector is well developed, accounting for about 62.82% of GDP (2022). It mainly includes business, telecommunications, finance, insurance, tourism and technical services. Tourism is an important sector in the Danish service sector. The main tourist attractions are Copenhagen, Odense (Andersen's hometown), Legoland, Klonborg and the west coast of Jutland and the northernmost point of Skayan. ^[3]

Digital economy

Denmark is ahead of most EU countries in digitalisation, ranking third in the 2020 EU Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) assessment. Danish businesses generally value digital transformation, with 53% of businesses already highly digital (compared to the EU average of 26%), 33% of Danish smes selling online (compared to the EU average of 18%), 32% using social media, 41% using cloud services and 14% using big data services.

foreign trade

Denmark is an export-oriented economy, advocating free trade, a high degree of marketization and standardization in the business field, high policy transparency, and low trade and investment risks. Foreign trade is the lifeblood of the economy. The main raw materials rely on imports, product sales rely on the international market. The government has formulated preferential policies to encourage the export of products. It has maintained a large surplus since 1987. The main imports are transport equipment, telecommunications products, paper, crude oil, coal, steel, machinery and feed. The main export products are dairy products, meat, fish, furniture, medicine, electronic products, meters, ships, textiles and clothing. ^[3]

Since 1987, Denmark has changed the situation of continuous deficit in foreign trade in goods, and will maintain a trade surplus for 34 consecutive years by 2020. According to Statistics Denmark, the total import and export of goods in Denmark in 2020 was 1.325.76 billion Danish kroner (about 202.89 billion US dollars), down 3.9% from the previous year (the same below). Among them, the export of 699.17 billion Danish kroner (about $107.07 billion), down 4.7%; Imports were DKK 626.6 billion (USD 95.96 billion), down 3.4%. The goods trade surplus was DKR 72.57 billion (US $11.11 billion), narrowing by 15.5% year on year.

In 2020, Denmark's exports to EU countries (excluding the UK, the same below) accounted for 50.9% of Denmark's total exports, and imports from EU countries accounted for 69% of Denmark's total imports. Germany is Denmark's largest trading partner. Exports to Germany, the United States, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands account for 13.6%, 11.1%, 9.5%, 6.3% and 6.2% of Denmark's total exports, respectively. Imports from Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, China and Poland account for 21.9%, 12.6%, 8.6%, 8.2% and 4.6% of Denmark's total imports, respectively. In 2020, China will be Denmark's fourth largest source of goods imports and sixth largest export destination. ^[4]

Trade between China and Denmark

China is Denmark's largest trading partner in Asia and the second largest overseas investor. China and Denmark established the Joint Economic and Trade Commission mechanism in 1980 and have held 23 meetings so far. In 2023, the bilateral trade volume between China and Denmark was 13.71 billion U.S. dollars, down 13.6 percent year-on-year. Among them, China's exports were US $8.16 billion, down 13.6% year-on-year, and China's imports were US $5.55 billion, down 2.9% year-on-year. China mainly exports machinery, clothing and textiles to Denmark, and imports agricultural products, pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, power generation and refrigeration equipment from Denmark.

Denmark was one of the early developed countries to provide government loans to China. The first loan agreement was signed in April 1982. Dan's direct investment in China began in 1982. By the end of 2022, Denmark had invested in 1,253 projects in China, with an actual value of 4.87 billion US dollars, mainly in the fields of medicine and manufacturing. There are about 500 Dan enterprises in China, mainly including: Maersk (China) Co., LTD., Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Novozymes Biotechnology (China) Co., LTD., Danfoss (Tianjin) Co., LTD., Vestas Wind Technology (China) Co., LTD., Tibet Lhasa Beer Co., LTD. China has invested a total of US $350 million in Denmark, with major enterprises including China Cosco Shipping Group Co., LTD., Pengda Shipping Group, China International Travel Service Denmark Co., LTD., BGI, Tianshun Wind Energy and Shandong Goertek. ^[16]

Foreign investment

According to UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2021, foreign investment flows to Denmark will reach $1.151 billion in 2020. By the end of 2020, the stock of foreign investment had reached 135.125 billion US dollars. According to data from the Danish Central Bank, Denmark will attract $1.15 billion in foreign investment flows in 2020. By the end of 2020, the stock of foreign investment stood at US $118.88 billion. From the perspective of foreign capital stock, the source countries of funds are mainly the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Germany.

Investments in Denmark are mainly in finance and insurance, business services, wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, real estate and information and communications. Large multinational companies that have invested in Denmark include Microsoft, IBM, Ericsson, Nordea Bank, Bayer and others.

The scale of Chinese investment in Denmark is not large, and the number of investment enterprises is not large, but in recent years, it has shown a positive trend of development, private enterprises have taken the initiative to participate, the investment fields have been further expanded, and the investment methods have been diversified. According to the statistics of China's Ministry of Commerce, China's direct investment in Denmark will reach US $63.22 million in 2020. By the end of 2020, China's direct investment stock in Denmark was 354 million US dollars. ^[4]

Outward investment

Danish direct investment in China began in 1982. By the end of February 2022, Denmark had invested in 1,219 projects in China, with an actual use value of 4.45 billion US dollars. Dan's investments in China are mainly in the fields of medicine and manufacturing. Dan has invested in about 500 enterprises in China, mainly including: Maersk (China) Co., LTD., Novo Nordisk (China) Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Novozymes Biotechnology (China) Co., LTD., Danfoss (Tianjin) Co., LTD., Vestas Wind Technology (China) Co., LTD., Tibet Lhasa Beer Co., LTD. ^[5]

Foreign aid

Denmark's official development assistance expenditure in 2022 was $2.77 billion, or 0.71% of gross national income (GNI). It focuses on poverty reduction, women, education, health, etc. ^[3]

During the COVID-19 outbreak, Denmark provided assistance to the World Health Organization and other countries, and received donations from businesses in the early days of the epidemic. In addition to participating in the EU cooperation mechanism on COVID-19 response, Denmark announced in May 2021 that it would donate 3 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to developing countries. ^[4]

culture

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religion

About 74% of the inhabitants of Denmark believe in it Lutheranism 0.6% of the inhabitants believe in Rome Catholicism . ^[3]

custom

Danes are rational, pragmatic, planning, step-by-step, pay attention to procedures, pay attention to behavior in social occasions, do not speak loudly, nor anxious panic. Danish society values equality and discourages the granting of special preferential treatment to anyone. If you want to meet someone in Denmark, you need to make an appointment in advance, and it is impolite to visit them unannounced. Be punctual for work meetings and personal appointments. Danes pay attention to efficiency and effectiveness in their work, and they need to make full preparations before the meeting to ensure that the meeting starts and ends on time. When you meet a Dane for the first time, you should not have more intimate physical contact except for shaking hands and making eye contact. Danes seem to be "high and cold", but they actually have a sense of humor and are good at self-mockery. When initially communicating with Danes, Denmark and its traditions, culture and art are good topics, but it is not appropriate to inquire or comment on each other or others' private life, religious beliefs, political ideas, etc.

diet

Danish food is mainly bread, fish, pork, potatoes and so on. Danish specialties include Carlsberg and Teboga beer, dessert wine Boudin, Danish roast leg and special sandwich. The most famous "Danish pastry", also known as Wienerbroed in Denmark, every bakery displays a variety of flavors of Danish pastry. Typical Danish dishes include pork meatballs (Frikadeller), poached cod with mustard sauce, crispy roast pork (Flaeskesteg), beef stew with potatoes (Hvid Labskovs), and beef burgers with fried Onions (Hakkeboef). There is also a cold buffet (Koldt Bord) with herrings, salads, various cold cuts of meat, smoked fish and cheese. Danes have deep feelings for bread, and can make a variety of single, double and multiple layers of more than 700 kinds of bread folders. On each layer, respectively, sandwich bacon slices, tomato slices, liver puree paste, radish slices, etc.

celebrity

Hans Christian Andersen , is a famous Danish fairy tale writer, his works include" Daughter of the sea "," The king's new clothes "And" Ugly duckling ", etc. In which" Mermaid A famous sculpture of the image has been standing quietly on the Copenhagen seashore in memory of the master. The International Fairy Tale Film Festival, which began in 1975, is held every two years in Andersen's hometown of Odense.

Isaac Dinesen She was born Karin Blixen on 17 April 1885 Zealand A noble family from Lenstead. In 1934, he published Seven Gothic Tales, a collection of stories about life in Africa, which was not popular in Denmark but became a bestseller in the United States. In 1937, her second work, the autobiographical novel, Out of Africa "(Out of Africa). Dinesen published a collection of short stories, Winter's Tales, in 1943. During World War II, Denmark was Nazi Under the pseudonym Pierre Andressel, Dinesen wrote the novel The Revenge of the Angels (1944), mocking the fascist aggressors. She suffered from illness in her later years, but continued to write, publishing postwar novels "the Last Story" (1947), "Anecdote of Fate" (1958) and "Shadows on the Grass" (1960).

Philosopher Kierkegaard ( Søren Kierkegaard Physicist Niels Bohr, he and students Werner Heisenberg Co-founded the famous Quantum mechanics The school is called" Copenhagen School ".

In history Niels Bohr A total of 13 Danes won Nobel Prize . It is a world leader in biology, environmental science, meteorology and immunology. We adhere to the cultural policy of equal cultural development for every member of society, and encourage the development of cultural undertakings at the local level. ^[3]

Delaye Karl Theodor He is one of the founders of Danish art cinema. Dreyer influenced many later directors, including some famous film masters such as Robert Bresson, Lars von Trier, and Theo Angelopoulos. Dreyer made one of his most remarkable films, The Days of Rage, a story about a 17th century case of sorcery with a plot that is surprisingly strange and deeply moral. In 1955, he made the film Promise, for which he was awarded Venice International Film Festival Grand prize.

Karen Brisson is a famous female novelist in the 20th century. She lived in Africa for 20 years and her works were widely distributed in the world. The film Out of Africa (1985) was based on his memoirs.

Danish silverware design is also quite famous, such as Georg Jensen is a classic silverware artist.

Festivals

Statutory holidays include: New Year (January 1); Shrove Day (22 February); Holy Thursday (the Thursday before Easter); Good Friday (the Friday before Easter); Easter (the first Sunday after the full moon on the vernal equinox); The day after Easter (the day after Easter); Great Day of Prayer (the fourth Friday after Easter); Ascension Day (the first Thursday 40 days after Easter); Pentecost (the seventh Sunday after Easter); Constitution Day (5 June); Midsummer Night (21 June); Christmas Eve (December 24); Christmas Day (December 25); The day after Christmas (December 26); New Year's Eve (December 31). Denmark has a five-day work week, and every Saturday and Sunday are public holidays.

Military affairs

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EDITOR

The King is the supreme commander of the armed forces, the Ministry of National Defense is the highest military executive, and the National Defense Command is the highest military command. Implement a military service system combining conscripts and volunteers. The army, navy and air force have a total strength of about 19,500. In 2022, Denmark will spend about 1.39% of its GDP on defense. ^[3]

Military exchanges between China and Denmark

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the military-to-military relations between China and Denmark have developed steadily. In 2000, General Chi Haotian, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, State Councilor and Minister of Defense, transited Denmark. In 2005, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, State Councilor and Minister of National Defense Cao Gangchuan visited Denmark. In 2006, Liang Guanglie, member of the Central Military Commission and Chief of the General Staff, visited Denmark. In 2015, Deputy Chief of the General Staff Wang Guanzhong visited Denmark. In 2015, the 20th Chinese naval escort taskforce visited Denmark and conducted joint exercises with the Danish Navy. In 2017, the 26th Chinese naval escort taskforce visited Denmark. In 2002, Danish Defense Minister Jansby visited China. In 2005, General Helxu, Commander of Denmark's National Defense, visited China. In 2014, Dan Defense Minister Warmen visited China. In 2015, the Defense chief of Denmark, General Bartram, visited China. In 2017, Major General Piezesen, Chief of staff of the Defense Procurement and Logistics Department, led a logistics delegation to China. ^[5]

traffic

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EDITOR

Map of the main transport routes in Denmark

highroad

As of January 1, 2020, the total road length in Denmark is 74,849 km, of which 1,346 km are motorways, accounting for 1.8%. As of January 1, 2021, there are about 4.724 million vehicles in Denmark, including 2.724 million cars, 404,000 trucks and 12,000 buses. Denmark has a well-developed and well-developed road transport network, which provides quick access to the major markets in the Nordic region. Since the opening of the Oehler Bridge in 2000, which connects Copenhagen and Malmo, Sweden's third largest city, Denmark has become a gateway to the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic Sea region.

railway

As of January 1, 2020, Denmark has 2,682 km of railway. The railway network density is 60 km of railway for every 1,000 km ² of land. Danish railways are connected to Germany and Sweden, and many of the lines are laid on large Bridges, such as the Great Belt Strait Bridge between Sealand and Fein and the Oresund Bridge between Copenhagen and Malmo. In 2020, Denmark's rail freight volume was 8.621 million tons, with 205 million passenger trips.

The first high-speed rail line in Denmark, København-Ringsted-banen, opened in May 2019. The line is about 60 km long, with a design speed of 250 km/h and a minimum design departure interval of 2.5 minutes. The Goring high-speed rail is part of the One Hour Target plan for high-speed rail between major Danish cities, including Copenhagen, Odense, Aarhus, Aalborg and others.

Air freight

Denmark has 23 airports, including four international airports. Copenhagen Airport is one of the four major airports in Europe, an important air transport hub in the Nordic region, and the largest airport in Scandinavia, with major European cities within the 2-hour flight area of the airport. Copenhagen Airport received several international accolades in 2015, including the World's Best Route Development Award, the World's Most Punctual Medium-sized Airport, Europe's most Efficient Airport, Europe's Best Baggage Delivery Airport and Best Airport in Northern Europe. In addition, the airport is ranked second in the world for safety. The airport is just 8 km from the city centre and 15 minutes from Copenhagen Central Train Station.

More than 60 airlines operate at Copenhagen Airport, serving more than 120 destinations around the world, carrying 30.257 million passengers in 2019 and increasing to 40 million annually in the future. Beijing and Shanghai have opened direct flights to Copenhagen. On 2 May 2018, Cathay Pacific Airways launched non-stop flights between Hong Kong and Copenhagen (no longer available). On December 10, 2018, Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. opened a direct flight between Chengdu and Copenhagen (suspended due to the epidemic). In addition to Copenhagen, Denmark has three international airports, located in Aarhus, Aalborg and Belem on the Jutland Peninsula. The total volume of air cargo in Denmark in 2017 was 270,000 tonnes.

Water transport

Denmark has a coastline of 7,314 km and carries the bulk of its foreign trade by sea. It has 146 seaports, with the ports of Aarhus and Fredericia leading the way in terms of freight traffic. One quarter of the ports have an annual cargo throughput of 500,000 tons, accounting for 90% of the total maritime cargo, and there are freight lines between Danish ports and major ports in the world. Water transport is well developed, the total length of the waterway is 400 kilometers. In 2020, a total of 524,000 vessels will call at Denmark's major ports. Among the ports, 74 are passenger ports, and more than half of the passenger ports handle 250,000 passengers a year. Many transport ports have ferry routes within the country. In 2020, Denmark will transport 86.889 million tons of cargo and 30.862 million passengers by water.

society

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EDITOR

education

Denmark has nurtured world cultural figures and scientists such as Hans Christian Andersen, famous for his fairy tales, and atomic physicist Niels Bohr, and is a world leader in biology, environmental science, meteorology, and immunology. We will adhere to the cultural policy that every member of society enjoys equal rights to cultural development, and encourage the development of cultural undertakings at the local level. Education is well developed. Ten-year compulsory education is free. According to Statistics Denmark, 80% of Danes aged 18 to 25 will have completed or are currently attending high school in 2020. 44% of Danes between the ages of 25 and 45 have completed or are in higher education. Denmark also attaches great importance to lifelong education, and invests great energy in the re-education of on-the-job employees who have only received primary education, which makes the quality of the Danish labor force high. After the completion of compulsory education, one can apply for free youth education courses, including preparatory courses or vocational and technical courses, usually lasting 3 or 4 years. Students can apply for a State Education Grant or Loan Program (SU) when they turn 18. High school lasts for two or three years, and passing the high school graduation examination can lead to higher education. Since 2006, non-EU students have been charged to study at Danish universities.

Vocational education lasts from one and a half to five and a half years, depending on the area of specialization studied. An end-of-apprenticeship test or final vocational test is taken at the end of the training. Young people under the age of 25 who have not completed their youth education can attend industrial schools. There are about 100 industrial schools throughout Denmark that combine theoretical training with factory internships. In addition, local municipalities offer special basic vocational education and training programmes for young people under the age of 30 who have difficulties in finding work or receiving education within their jurisdiction. For adult education, general education courses, full-time education or re-education training courses are available. The Danish education system offers a variety of courses for adults of all levels of education.

Denmark has 8 comprehensive universities, 7 higher vocational colleges, 3 higher cultural and artistic colleges, 8 business schools and 10 maritime education institutions, with about 150,000 students in 2020. The most famous institutions of higher learning are University of Copenhagen (Founded in 1479 with 37,576 students), Aarhus University (Founded in 1928 with about 38,000 students), Technical University of Denmark (Founded in 1829 with about 11,200 students), Copenhagen Business School (Founded in 1917 with 20,541 students), VIA University College, Denmark It was founded in 1910 and has 46,000 students. ^[7]

hygiene

All Danish citizens, regardless of their financial status, have access to free services provided by the national health system. Medical expenses are supported by state taxes. However, for dental care and other types of treatment not provided by doctors or hospitals, individuals bear part of the costs, which may also be reimbursed according to income status. Every Danish resident has a community doctor who advises on disease prevention, treats minor illnesses and confirms whether patients should be examined professionally. Residents with a personal identification number (CPR) and national health insurance can receive free emergency treatment. In the Danish health care system, the first step is to see a general practitioner, who takes care of the initial examination and treatment, and then refers the patient to a specialist or hospital if necessary.

According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, Denmark's health expenditure accounted for 10.1% of GDP, and the per capita health expenditure in terms of purchasing power parity was $6,217. According to Statistics Denmark, the average life expectancy in 2019-2020 is 81.5 years.

Science and technology

Denmark has a high level of universities and a good atmosphere for scientific research, the level of science and technology in Europe is second to none, and the world's leading level in biology, environment, meteorology and immunology. The macro management of Danish science, technology and innovation policy is the responsibility of the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. In addition, in order to carry out relevant policy research and evaluation, implement specific management of projects and programs, Denmark has also set up a research council system. One is the Council for basic research, which provides funding and supports activities based on original ideas and ideas put forward by the scientific community; The other is the Council for Strategic Research, which supports relevant research in line with political, economic and social development priorities and ensures the implementation of national strategies by strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation in different fields. Denmark's scientific and technological advantages are mainly in new energy technology, biomedicine, nanotechnology and acoustics.

medium

Leading newspapers in Denmark: Jyllands-Posten (1871), Politik (1884), Belin Times (1749).

Danish News Agency (Ritzaus Bureau) : Founded in 1866. Dan's only national news agency, co-operated by major newspapers.

Danish Broadcasting Corporation: Founded 1925. Denmark's largest national radio and television station.

Danish Television 2: Founded in 1988, launched in 1989. ^[3]

communication

Denmark has the most advanced communication facilities and digital networks in Europe. The number of fixed telephone network users is about 1.69 million, and 30% of households have fixed telephones. The number of mobile phone users was 7.27 million, with an average of 1.3 mobile phones per person. 98% of Danish households own a mobile phone (mobile phone penetration is higher than the European average).

The Danish government attaches great importance to the Internet and digitalization. In recent years, the Danish government has taken a series of measures to create a "digital Denmark". Denmark has the highest Internet usage among European countries, with 100% 4G coverage and fibre access (67%) well above the EU average (34%). Denmark's 5G network readiness rate is 33%, ranking fourth in the EU. Denmark is highly digital, with 95 percent of the population online, 94 percent of whom use online banking and 86 percent of whom shop online. Online merchants have a higher trust index among consumers; Social networking sites are also very popular among Danes, with 82% of Internet users having social networking accounts, higher than the EU average (65%).

electricity

Denmark has more than 6,000 power plants, mainly using coal, wind, natural gas, biogas power generation, of which wind power accounted for 47%. The Danish government has proposed that the proportion of wind power generation should reach 50% by 2020, and completely say goodbye to fossil fuels by 2050, and 100% of energy demand is provided by clean energy. The Danish power grid has realized network docking with Northern Europe, and the Nordic electricity market has been established between Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland for the mutual transmission of electricity. Chinese enterprises do not need to provide their own power generation equipment to invest in Denmark.

People's livelihood

Denmark's direct wage level is close to that of other Nordic countries and ranks among the highest in Europe. According to Eurostat, Denmark will have the highest average hourly wage among EU member states in 2020, at €38.3. Since the government bears a larger share of social welfare and unemployment insurance payments, benefits paid directly by employers to employees and social insurance contributions by employers are lower. Overall, employers in Denmark pay more to their employees than in countries such as Sweden, Germany and the United Kingdom.

Currently, there are no laws or regulations on minimum wages in Denmark, as this is contrary to the Danish principle of freedom of Labour. Often, trade unions may have guidelines for minimum wages in the industry, but there are no hard and fast national laws. According to the Danish Investment Promotion Agency, Danish employers are not obliged to make social security contributions, only to contribute to the Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension Insurance (ATP), of which the employer pays 2/3, which is about DKK 189.35 / month; Employees pay 1/3, which is about DKR 94.65 / month) and a similar social insurance contribution of about €1,000-1,300 per employee per year. ^[4]

Public security

Denmark has a good social security situation, ranking fifth in the 2019 Global Peace Index. Danish residents are allowed to carry guns legally. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Denmark had a homicide rate of 1 per 100,000 people in 2018, well below the European average of 2.8. According to Statistics Denmark, there were 421,000 criminal cases of murder, robbery, theft, sexual assault and other crimes in Denmark in 2020, most of which were theft and other violations of other people and public property. There have been no terrorist attacks and no kidnappings directly targeting Chinese companies or citizens.

diplomacy

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EDITOR

Foreign policy

Denmark We will actively participate in regional and global affairs and exert our influence. We regard the United Nations, the European Union and NATO as the three pillars of our diplomacy, and actively expand cooperation around the Baltic Sea based on Nordic cooperation. We attach importance to responding to the challenges of globalization and emphasize developing relations with emerging countries such as China, India and Brazil. China has actively pursued "green diplomacy" and supported the Paris Agreement on climate change. We attach importance to foreign development assistance and emphasize the use of foreign aid to promote human rights and democracy. ^[3]

External relations

Relations with India

On 16 August 2011, Danish Foreign Minister Espersen confirmed that cooperation between Denmark and India had been completely frozen due to Denmark's refusal to extradite Nils Holker, a Danish citizen convicted of arms smuggling to India in 1995.

Relations with Russia

Prime Minister of Denmark, April 2010 Rasmussen With the Russian President Medvedev After the talks, the two sides issued a joint statement on the establishment of a "partnership for modernization" between the two countries.

On July 22, 2022, the Russian government added Denmark to the list of countries unfriendly to Russia Home list. ^[8]

On September 13, 2022, the Russian Association of Travel Agents said that nine EU countries have stopped accepting documents for Russians to issue tourist visas, including Denmark ^[9] .

Relations with South Korea

On May 12, 2011, the two sides reached consensus on further strengthening bilateral relations and developing green economy. The two countries signed a strategic partnership agreement to cooperate closely on security, economic and global issues and announced a "green growth alliance." The governments and companies of the two countries also signed a series of memorandums of understanding to cooperate in areas such as sustainable energy, smart grids, wind power and fuel cell development.

Relations with Canada

On June 14, 2022, Canada and Denmark reached an agreement on the ownership of an Arctic island with an area of about 1.2 square kilometers, and the two countries agreed to establish a land border on the island to resolve the sovereignty dispute between the two countries. ^[6]

Relations with Ukraine

On February 23, 2024, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and Danish Prime Minister Fraserriksen signed an agreement on security cooperation between the two countries in Lviv, western Ukraine. ^[14]

Relations with Palestine

On May 28, 2024, the Danish Parliament voted down a bill to recognize the state of Palestine. Earlier, Danish Foreign Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen said that the Palestinians lack the necessary prerequisites to establish an independent state. ^[17]

China-denmark relations

On January 9, 1950, Denmark recognized the New China. On May 11 of the same year, the two countries formally established diplomatic relations. Denmark is the successor Sweden After the second Western country to establish diplomatic relations with China. On February 15, 1956, the two countries upgraded their legations to embassies and sent ambassadors to each other. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in various fields have been gradually carried out. In the 1950s, Denmark supported the restoration of China's lawful seat in the United Nations. In 1957, the two countries signed a government trade agreement and a payment agreement.

In the 1960s and 1970s, exchanges between China and Denmark increased and trade relations developed rapidly. In October 1974, Prime Minister Hartling of Denmark visited China, the first official visit to China by a head of government of Denmark. In September 1979, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark visited China, becoming the first Danish head of state to visit China. In the 1980s, the heads of government of the two countries exchanged visits. In October 2008, Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen attended the 7th ASEM Summit and paid an official visit to China. The two countries jointly issued the Joint Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark on the Establishment of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

China is Denmark's largest trading partner in Asia and the second largest overseas investor. China and Denmark established the Joint Economic and Trade Commission mechanism in 1980 and have held 22 meetings so far. Bilateral trade has grown rapidly in recent years. The exchanges between China and Denmark in the field of culture tend to be active, and there are frequent visits between literary and artistic groups of the two countries. The Shanghai Puppet Troupe, the Wuhan Peking Opera Troupe, the Henan Acrobatic Troupe, the Guangdong Acrobatic Troupe and the Tibet Song and Dance Troupe have all performed in Denmark. The Dantredonus Choir and the Royal Ballet have also visited China. In addition, the two countries have held many cultural activities such as film weeks and art exhibitions.

In 1974, China and Denmark began to exchange students. At the moment, Zhejiang University , Fudan University , Dalian University of Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Hefei University of Technology and Guangxi Medical University And other colleges with Dan University of Copenhagen , Technical University of Denmark , Aarhus University , Aalborg University And the Copenhagen School of Economics and other inter-school exchange relations. In October 2008, Beijing Foreign Studies University launched a Danish language course, and in 2015 and 2018, Beijing International Studies University and Beijing Foreign Studies University respectively established Danish research centers. China has one office in Denmark Confucius Institute And a Confucius classroom. ^[5]

Famous scenic spot

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EDITOR

Bronze statue of mermaid

Bronze statue of mermaid (Little Mermaid) A huge piece at the entrance to Langerini Harbour in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark pebble It was created in 1912 by Danish sculptor Edward Eriksen based on Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale Daughter of the sea The heroine is cast in bronze. "The Little Mermaid" is a Danish fairy tale writer Andersen The protagonist of a fairy tale, The Daughter of the Sea, written in 1837. The statue was installed in Copenhagen Harbor on August 23, 1913 and has become a symbol of Denmark. In March 2006, the city of Copenhagen decided to make it Mermaid statue The move to the deep sea was caused by too many tourists causing too much damage to the sculpture.

The Andersen Museum

The Andersen Museum H. Andersson's House is located in the middle of the Danish island of Fiin Odense Downtown. It was built to commemorate the 100th anniversary (1905) of the birth of the great Danish fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875). The museum is a one-story house with red tiles and white walls on a cobblestone street. The old buildings on the street here make people feel as if they are back to the 19th century Andersen's life. The museum has 18 galleries.

Round tower

Round tower Round Tower is located in the capital Copenhagen Near downtown. It was built in 1642 during the reign of Christian IV. Christian IV (1577-1648), the king of Denmark and Norway, was known as the "King's architect" because of his love of building buildings and cities. The round tower is 36 meters high and 15 meters in diameter. It was built with the Trinity Cathedral (Christian middle finger The Father The Trinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit).

Tivoli Park

Tivoli Park Tivoli Gardens, located in the downtown center of Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, covers an area of 20 acres, is a famous amusement park in Denmark, known as the "fairy tale city". It is open to the public from April 22 to September 19. Tivoli Park was built by George Carstensen, a journalist and publisher, who was granted permission to build the park after he advised the then King of Denmark, Christy VIII, that "if people are engaged in fun, they will not interfere in politics". The park opened on August 15, 1843 to local residents and visitors. Originally the park was just a place for mass gatherings, dancing, watching shows and listening to music. Later, after several transformations, it gradually formed a playground suitable for all ages.

Great Belt Strait Bridge

Great Belt Strait Bridge The Store Baelt Bridge was built in Denmark Zealand with Funen Between 18 kilometers wide The Great Belt Go on, on the bridge Suspension bridge At 1,624 meters long, it is one of the longest suspension Bridges in the world.

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