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Thermal insulation material
Material that is resistant to heat flow
Thermal insulation materials are generally light, loose, porous,
Fibrous material
. According to its composition can be divided into organic materials and
Inorganic material
Two kinds. The thermal insulation performance of the former is better than that of the latter, but the latter is better than the former
durability
Yes.
Thermal conductivity
It is the main index to measure the performance of thermal insulation materials. The smaller the thermal conductivity, the smaller the heat transmitted through the material, the better the thermal insulation performance, the thermal conductivity of the material depends on the composition of the material, internal structure, volume weight, etc., and also determines the average temperature and the material's heat transfer
Moisture content
. Generally speaking, the lighter the volume weight, the smaller the thermal conductivity.
[1]
- Chinese name
- Thermal insulation material
- definition
- Material that is resistant to heat flow
- Ask for
- Thermal conductivity is generally less than 0.174W/ (m·k)
- categorize
- It can be classified according to material and shape
1. Thermal conductivity is generally not more than 0.12W/ (m·k)
Insulating material
There are many varieties. It can be classified by material and shape:
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Classification by material
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(1) inorganic thermal insulation material
(2) Organic insulation material
(3) Metal insulation material
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The thermal conductivity of industrial thermal insulation materials is often lower, and the specific index requirements are closely related to the industry field and specific applications. For this reason, people have been seeking and researching a method that can greatly improve insulation
Thermal insulation material
reflect
Thermal insulation
New material
.
In the 1990s, the United States
aerospace
Bureau (Nasa)
Scientific researcher
A new space adiabatic reflective porcelain layer (Therma-Cover) is developed and used to solve the heat transfer control problem of space vehicles. The material is composed of some tiny ceramic particles suspended in inert latex
reflectance
, high
emittance
, low thermal conductivity, low
Heat storage coefficient
Such thermal performance, with excellent thermal insulation and reflection function. This high-tech material has been promoted and applied to people in the space field abroad for construction and industrial facilities, and has been exported to our country for some large-scale industrial facilities. However, the fly in the ointment is that the expensive price of $20 /kg of this material makes many domestic industries look forward to sighing and unbearable.
Also in the 1990s, NASA
NASA
To solve
Space suit
Isolated from the outside high and low temperature and developed a new material
aerogel
. The full name of this material is
Silicon dioxide
Aerogel. It is the least dense solid material known, and it is also by far the best material with thermal insulation performance. The minimum density can reach 3kg/m³, and the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.013W/(m·K) at room temperature. This nano high-tech material is already in space
Aviation field
Spread to the military civilian field, its price has also been reduced to civilian affordable
Price point
. Up to now, the domestic production of industrial silica aerogel insulation mat technology has been relatively complete.
Today, the global thermal insulation materials are moving towards the integration of high efficiency, energy saving, thin layer, heat insulation, waterproof external protection, and the development of new thermal insulation materials and in line with structural insulation
Energy-saving technology
At the same time, more emphasis on the targeted use of thermal insulation materials, according to standard specifications design and construction, and strive to improve thermal insulation efficiency
Reduce cost
. Thin layers have been spread at home and abroad
Thermal insulation coating
Several companies in the United States already produce this insulating porcelain coating, Such as the United States SPM Thermo-Shield, Thermal Protective Systems launched the Ceramic-Cover, J.H.I TerNational Therma-Cover and other products.
The paint has been selected with excellent heat, weather, corrosion and water resistance
Silicone acrylic emulsion
hydrophobic
Fluorocarbon emulsion
for
Film-forming substance
The use of extremely fine hollow ceramic particles known as space-age materials as filler, by hollow
ceramite
Made of multiple combinations
Coating film
It is composed of visible light and light in the range of 400~1800nm
Near infrared region
The solar heat is highly reflected, and an air microporous layer with extremely low thermal conductivity is introduced into the coating film to isolate the heat transfer. In this way, by enhancing the significant impedance of reflected solar heat and convective transfer, the radiation heat transfer and heat transfer can be effectively reduced
Convective heat transfer
Thus reducing the heat on the surface of the object
Equilibrium temperature
The roof temperature can be reduced by up to 20 ° C, and the indoor temperature can be reduced by 5~10 ° C. The thermal insulation grade of the product is R-33.3, the thermal reflectivity is 89%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.030W/m.K.
Development trend
: Building thermal insulation Yes
Save energy
, improve
Living environment
And use an important aspect of functionality.
Building energy consumption
In the whole of humanity
Energy consumption
The proportion is generally 30-40%, most of which is the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning, so
Building energy efficiency
It means a lot. And because the heat insulation coating with water as dilution medium, does not contain
Volatile organic solvent
No harm to the human body and the environment; its
Production cost
Only about abroad
Similar product
1/5, and it as a new type of thermal insulation coating, has good
Economic benefit
,
Energy saving and environmental protection
The advantages of heat insulation effect and simple construction are more and more concerned and favored by people. And this space insulation
Reflective coating
It is experiencing a change from industrial thermal insulation to building thermal insulation, from thick layer to thin layer thermal insulation technology change, which is also one of the main development directions of thermal insulation materials in the future.
The space reflective insulation coating is formed in the coating by applying ceramic spherical particle hollow material
Vacuum chamber
Layer, build an effective thermal barrier, not only its own thermal resistance is large, low thermal conductivity, and high thermal reflectivity, reduce the building
Solar radiant heat
The absorption reduces the temperature of the covered surface and the internal space, so it is unanimously recognized by experts as highly efficient and promising
Energy-saving material
One of them.
In my country, however,
Rock wool
,
Glass wool
,
Expanded perlite
Equal tradition
Thermal insulation material
Still occupy the main market, although the price of these materials is relatively low, but high density, poor thermal insulation performance (thermal conductivity of 0.065-0.090W/m·K), laying thick material loss,
hygroscopicity
High, seismic performance and environmental performance is poor, the use of these insulation materials can not meet the energy saving standards. In addition
asbestos
And glass wool, etc
Building insulation material
It comes with a lot of
Harmful substance
Can not meet human health requirements. neotype
Foam plastic
Class thermal insulation materials (e.g
EPS
XPS, PUF, PET, etc.) in China's output only accounts for 40% of the total insulation materials, compared with traditional insulation materials, foam (such as Airex, etc.) has low thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation effect, light weight,
Water absorption
Low,
Chemical stability
Good, convenient construction, but due to the relatively high price of foam, which limits the large number of use in China. More than 95 percent of new buildings in our country are still
High energy consumption
Building, mainly because of the use of traditional insulation materials. So want to improve the building
Energy saving rate
It is necessary to increase the output and use of new thermal insulation materials.
[2]
Paint is single group bone white
pulp
Temperature range -30--120℃, with high efficiency, thin layer, heat insulation, decoration, waterproof, fire, anti-corrosion, insulation in one of the new space energy-saving reflection heat insulation coating, coating can be closed on the surface of the object
microbead
The three-dimensional network that links them together
Ceramic fibre
Like structure, the insulation grade of the coating reaches R-30.1,
Thermal reflectance
The thermal conductivity is 0.04W/m.K, which can effectively inhibit the sun and the sun
Infrared ray
the
Radiant heat
The heat insulation inhibition efficiency can reach about 90%, and the heat in 70% of the object space can be kept without loss.
High temperature heat insulation coating
Materials
High temperature heat insulation coatings are selected
nano-ceramics
Hollow bead
Silicon aluminum fiber, various reflective materials as raw materials, temperature range -80-1800 ℃, can directly face the flame heat insulation, thermal conductivity is only 0.03W/m.K, can effectively inhibit and shield infrared radiation and heat conduction, heat insulation inhibition efficiency can reach about 90%, can inhibit the heat radiation and heat loss of high temperature objects. It can effectively protect the cold of low temperature objects and can inhibit the environmental radiation heat caused by
Cooling loss
Can also prevent the occurrence of condensation of the object. This space insulated porcelain layer is based on
American Airlines
And space agency NASA control
Space shuttle
Heat conduction
Developed from the working principle, suitable for high pressure spraying, no pollution, with good thermal radiation resistance, thin layer heat insulation, waterproof corrosion and other properties. The material has been turned to general industrial and civil thermal insulation. This kind of material mainly has a thin layer of insulation
Reflective coating
, the Sun
Heat reflective insulating paint
, water
Reflective heat insulating coating
Thermal insulation sunscreen coating, ceramic insulation coating and so on. Mainly adopt
Weather fastness
Ok,
Water resistance
Strong,
Aging resistance
Strong, have stronger
Adhesive force
And elastic, and can be intermiscible with thermal insulation filler, reflection filler
Film forming material
Choose light hollow, high temperature resistance,
Thermal resistance
Large, and has good reflectivity and radiation of the packing, high refractive coefficient,
Surface finish
The ultrafine powder with high thermal reflectance and emissivity is suitable to be used as reflective filler, and the film forming base material is low
Radiative heat transfer
Layer, can effectively block the transfer of heat. This thin layer of thermal insulation reflective paint works with
Porous material
Composite use can be used in buildings, vehicles and ships, petrochemical oil tank equipment, grain storage, cold storage, containers, pipelines and other different places of painting.
Naki insulation felt
Naki thermal insulation felt is a kind of soft thermal insulation material with very low thermal conductivity made by the world's leading technology.
The selection of thermal insulation materials is generally considered from the following points:
According to the temperature range of the material, thermal insulation materials are divided into: low temperature thermal insulation materials, medium temperature thermal insulation materials, high temperature thermal insulation materials.
The temperature resistance of the selected thermal insulation material must meet the requirements
Use environment
.
Choose low temperature insulation materials when general
Selective classification
The temperature is lower than the long-term use temperature of about 10-30℃ of the material.
When selecting medium temperature thermal insulation materials and high temperature thermal insulation materials, generally select materials with a classification temperature higher than the long-term use temperature of about 100-150 ° C.
The forms of thermal insulation materials are: board, blanket, cotton, paper, felt, shaped parts, textiles and so on.
Different types of
Thermal insulation material
Physical properties (machinability,
Abrasion resistance
, pressure resistance, etc.) have differences.
The form and physical characteristics of the selected thermal insulation material must conform to the environment in which it is used.
Chemical characteristics of different types of thermal insulation materials (water resistance,
Corrosion resistance
Etc.) There are some differences.
The thickness of the insulation required for the use of the selected thermal insulation material must be within the maximum value.
In some cases where the thickness of the insulation layer is thinner, it is often necessary to choose thermal insulation materials with better thermal insulation performance (such as: Paiji thermal insulation felt, Naji thermal insulation felt).
The environmental protection level of the selected thermal insulation material must meet the design requirements.
Some export products often need to use a very high level of environmental protection insulation materials.
After determining the scope of materials, calculate the cost according to the price of materials, and choose the best cost-effective materials.
In summary, the choice of thermal insulation materials is based on use
Environmental selection
Form, physical properties, chemical properties, thermal insulation performance in line with the use of the environment, environmental protection level to meet the design needs of thermal insulation materials, after accounting costs, and finally determine the use of thermal insulation materials.
