运动鞋（鞋类用品）

The lines of sports shoes are characterized by complex lines and diverse forms. There are single wire, double wire, False line , Open wire , Dotted line , Contour line , edge line, seam line, Decorative thread Etc., can be used in a pair of shoes at the same time, not restricted to one. Most of them are arcs, and the proportion of straight lines is less.

The color of sneakers is made by them Materials used It is determined by the light reflected by itself. movement Shoe design The use of color collocation not only reflects the design style, design Fashion trend It can also greatly improve the viewing and entertainment of the sport, and reflect the lively, dynamic and bright characteristics of the sport itself.

Color of sports shoes and leather shoes, galoshes Compared with the color application range, wide range, Color matching Complicated, Visual perception Rich features, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) The use of color in sports upper materials: the color of sports upper materials is more freely used than leather shoes, rich and diversified. Decorative colors not only include common colors, but also a large number of metallic colors, laser laser, flash and so on.

(2) The use of color in sports soles: the outsole color of leather shoes and rubber shoes is mostly monochrome or two-color, and the outsole of sports shoes is 3-5 colors. The color selection range is large, and the brightness and purity of the color are high. Color matching is not subject to too many restrictions, it can be pure one color, but also a variety of color combinations, especially some colors that are difficult to see in leather shoes and rubber shoes, and are frequently used in sports shoes, especially eye-catching, so that it is full of vitality and vitality.

(3) Sports shoes packaging and the use of promotional color: sports shoes are full of Motion characteristic Movement itself is the goal of human life, so this product has the characteristics of encouraging and encouraging people to move. Generally, sports shoes pay great attention to the outside of the product Advertising color Flexible and diverse, highlighting the characteristics of sports shoes and the sense of The Times, in order to stimulate consumers' desire to buy.

(4) Another embodiment of the color characteristics of sports shoes is closely combined with the fashion trend of clothing and sports shoes closely follow the changes in the fashion trend of clothing and are subjected to clothing Fashion color The impact is great. As a sports shoe designer and producer, we should pay attention Clothing fabric Trends in color fashion.

In the decoration of sports shoes, patterns, words, logos, metal and plastic parts can be used Decorative material ; Decorative parts are more free; The decorative effect is eye-catching; The decoration is characterized by dynamic, fashionable and bright colors. Decorative part Towards the direction of the combination of beauty and function.

Compared with leather shoes and rubber shoes, the outsole pattern is exquisite Two-dimensional continuous , Tetragonal continuity Fine patterns, also have Geometric shape The bold, free pattern, and the light base without any trace; Both flat heel bottom, wedge heel bottom, and middle heel suspension bottom; Some sports soles have nails and harrowing devices, and some special sports shoes are equipped with pulleys on the outsole. Ice skate blade And iron frame and other functional devices. Leather shoes outsole rarely use sole walls, sports shoes walls are quite common, and the shape of the wall is varied.

Compared with the last of sports shoe and leather shoe, there is a big difference in the change of shape between them. In order to facilitate the movement of the foot, the back and back of the sports shoe last are small, and the concave of the base is also small, so that the curve of the last bottom is relatively gentle. In order to improve the capacity of the shoe cavity, the genetic circumference of the sports shoe last is larger, so that the last shape is full, and the last body is front and back Dorsal median line The Angle is large. Sports shoe last heelpiece The curve is straight in the middle, inside Lumbar fossa The bottom line of the last is also straight. From the whole point of view, the change of sports shoe last focuses on the front palm and the front tip. From the last shape, there are mainly four kinds of pointed head, round head, square head and square head.

(1) Round head type is mostly used in running training shoes, tennis training shoes, Football boots Last design.

(2) Square head type is generally used Bicycle race The last design of the shoe belongs to a typical special sports shoe last.

(3) Fang pommel Style is generally used in ball sports shoes, such as Basketball shoes Let's wait. Because the front tip is stressed when it is landed, the stability requirement is higher, and the sports shoe last of the square head is one of the most used in sports shoes.

(4) The pointed type is generally used for special purposes Track and field competition The last design of the shoe is not suitable for high landing in the movement.

The change of the shoe last determines the head shape of the shoe, in general, unless the front tip of the shoe is stressed or Direction of motion There are higher requirements, round head, square head, square head can replace each other.

The range of sports shoes materials used is wider than leather shoes and cloth shoes. The material for the sneakers is on the top, Textile material , leather, Artificial leather , Synthetic material Have a lot of use. In outsole materials, in addition to rubber, PU , PVC In addition, there is a large number of EVA , TPR, SBS Etc. Thermoplastic elastomer , Polymer composite , Functional material . In terms of accessories, the use of metal parts and plastic parts is also more than that of leather shoes and cloth shoes. At the same time, the functional requirements of sports shoes have also greatly promoted the development process of new varieties of materials.

To identify the quality of shoes, we need to focus on both appearance and internal indicators. Because the internal indicators often need to rely on testing instruments, for a consumer, it is more practical to identify the quality of shoes from the appearance. From the appearance, mainly through the shoe material (including upper, sole, shoe inside) quality and workmanship two aspects to identify the quality of shoes. The size can be measured, and the process is based on visual inspection, hand touch, pinch and push.

Upper (upper)

The upper is one of the main components of shoes. towards Smooth surface Shoes, to see whether it is soft and full, with the hand to press the upper, whether it appears Loose face Phenomenon, a good upper should be full and soft, feel comfortable, uniform luster, no loose surface phenomenon. For the upper of suede leather shoes, attention should be paid to check whether the fluff is short and uniform, and its tone should be consistent. The inside of the shoe is a part of the upper, which is used to strengthen the upper, prevent the upper from stretching and deforming, and improve the feeling of the foot. Therefore, a good shoe material (such as real leather shoes) should have a good touch, Air permeability And moisture removal, and not easy to decolorize. In sewing, there should be no wrinkles and fat edges in the shoes.

insoles

usual Men's shoes With insole back half pad or Heel pad . Full pad covering the insole for women's shoes. The insole has the function of keeping the insole clean and covering the uneven insole to improve the feeling of the foot. Therefore, the insole should have good absorption and drainage. In terms of workmanship, the insole should be flat and attached to the inner sole, and there should be no suspended folding phenomenon.

outsole

From the appearance point of view, the combination state around the outsole should be closely bonded without gaps, and the bottom surface should be flat.

heel

Whether it is a low heel or a high heel, we must first see whether it is naturally flush with the shoe. For women's shoes with more than half heels. The following two points are more important: First, the heel should be firmly installed on the insole. Swing back and forth should not be shaken; Second, the palm surface should not be less than heel The underside.

Inner bottom

On the one hand, look at the material of the insole, preferably leather. On the other hand, it is necessary to press the waist strongly with the hand, which is equivalent to wearing shoes instep It's better if you don't move. Under the action of this force, if the shoe is deformed along the mouth, it indicates that the quality of the shoe is problematic.

stability

Put the shoes on the plane, the shoes should be stationary immediately, such shoes for good stability, which is also the quality of shoes Basic condition One of them.

After more than 30 years of extensive and rapid development, China's footwear industry has accumulated a lot of contradictions, export-oriented footwear industry, in the face of the shrinking international market, coupled with anti-dumping and other trade protection measures from major market countries, China's footwear industry Downward pressure Larger, Scale enterprise At the same time, a number of small businesses closed.

Back a few years ago, due to the rising Labor cost , raw materials and Exchange rate fluctuation Such factors, there are many shoe enterprises Southeast Asia Regional transfer of production base. while China-asean Free Trade Area The full launch of Vietnam , India, Pakistan The shoe industry is developing rapidly. From January to November 2010, Vietnam sports shoes output value Year-on-year growth 20.2%, leather shoes above size Enterprise output value Year-on-year growth of 23.4%, which poses a very big potential threat to China's footwear industry.

China's shoe companies are still very strong. After nearly 20 years of development, China's footwear industry relies on high-quality Investment environment and Labor resources The advantages have been well established Upstream and downstream industry chain The formation of various footwear production industrial clusters, the establishment of a complete footwear finished products and footwear materials market and footwear research and development centers and information centers.

Although China's footwear industry is now also facing domestic policy factors and rising labor costs, as well as the impact of India, Brazil , Vietnam, Indonesia Other countries in the middle and low footwear competition, in high-end shoes and Italy, Spain , Portugal Such countries compete, but China's shoe industry is integrated Competitive advantage It is still difficult for other countries to match.

sneakers (4 photos)

First, football shoes are better to identify, the general football shoes appear smart many, the shoe body is relatively thin, more fit. The more prominent feature is that the sole has die Tacks and convertible tacks for adaptation Football pitch Can provide good grip ability, shoe head and upper car line is obvious, can prevent deformation and durable.

Two. All-around sport The shoes are suitable for people who like a variety of sports and only practice a few times a week. There are two types: training type and speed type. Training type shoe head slightly warped, with glue, the upper multi-purpose nylon mesh cloth; Velocity pattern and Running shoes Similar.

Three. Aerobic exercise Shoes are generally High top , relatively lightweight. The sole of the shoe is not deep, suitable for movement on the carpet; Shoes with deep or multi-directional soles are suitable for Wood floor On the movement.

Four, skateboard shoes are also called" Casual shoes ". The shoes are relatively light, and the rubber sole emphasizes the grip performance, which can grasp the skateboard better.

When hiking in the field, you often walk on sand and uneven ground, and sometimes you need to walk through mountain streams. Hikers with heavy backpacks tend to appear sprain And slip, so Hiking shoes Generally, it is mostly in the middle help, and the sole has bumps, emphasizing the performance of grasping the ground.

Six. Climbing shoes Because they have to face harsh environments and cold and windy climates, these shoes are generally very heavy, very strong, excellent toughness, and very good requirements Heat retention property . If it is a snowy mountain, professional high-altitude hiking boots are generally double-layer design, and the outer boots are plastic. undershoe As a warm and breathable material, it can resist the cold of minus 40℃. All hard soled shoes, available with cassette type crampons or skis Cooperate.

Sneakers, as the name suggests, refer to fitness or Competitive sports The shoes they wear. It can meet the various needs of people, and ensure that the foot can play its role in the movement Basic function . Sports are divided into competitive sports and fitness sports and Leisure sport Entertainment, sports, etc. No matter what kind of exercise, you need to put on the feet to protect and improve Exercise effect 's shoes.

Broadly understood as: Fitness exercise Leisure sports, recreational sports and professional Competitive sports The shoes used in the training process and its official competition sports are sports shoes.

Which includes Hiking shoes , leather sneakers, galoshes Cloth shoes and slippers, etc.

Whether it is broad or narrow sports shoes, they must meet the characteristics of the movement. Whether it is fitness or competitive sports, sports shoes are required to comply with the mechanics, biology, Human body engineering , kinematics , Exercise physiology The requirements of hygiene, but also consider helping athletes improve Sports performance Or create better athletic performance. Therefore, the characteristics of sports should be fully considered in the design and manufacturing process of sports shoes, which is a sign that sports shoes are different from shoes and other footwear.

The first trick:

It is best to choose shoes at around three to six in the afternoon, because the feet will slightly expand at this time, if you choose at this time size It doesn't feel small, and it's fine for the rest of the day. Try it on while standing, as your feet will be slightly larger when standing than when sitting. When trying it on, you can't just wear it in front of the mirror and buy it, you must walk back and forth a few steps to carefully feel whether the stability and size of the shoes are appropriate.

Tip No. 2:

Bring your own clean socks when trying shoes to facilitate wearing and taking off when trying shoes to avoid sweat stains in tried shoes stain The embarrassment of...

The third trick:

About two-thirds of us have different feet. Remember which is longer and which is shorter. Try on both feet when trying on shoes. Choose shoes for the slightly larger foot. Cannot be based solely on Shoe size To choose shoes or ask someone to buy them, be sure to try them on yourself, because to Shoe tree Different styles or brand model standards, the specific size of the shoes will also be different.

No. 4:

Feet come with the seasons Heat expands and cold contracts So when you buy summer discount shoes in the winter, the size you try on May be slightly smaller than the summer size.

No. 5:

The ideal size is at least: ten toes can move freely in the shoe, there are comfortable gasket And moderate interior space; The top of the sole fits the concave part of the foot very well, malleolus Unable to touch the shoe with the toe; The front foot should have a certain amount of room for movement, if the toe is pressed against the toe heel There is also a finger distance between the shoe and the back of the shoe, which is just the right size; The upper surface of the sole of the heel should be very good Floor sticker Stay on your heels and don't slide around when you walk; See yourself from the top down Arch of the foot Whether the part matches the central arc of the shoe, confirmed Foot girth Whether the tightness is appropriate.

No. 6:

Do not because of the temptation of end-of-season discounts or really like to let their feet accommodate a pair of shoes that are not the size of the size of the shoes, even if worn for a long time, the extent of support is very limited, a moment of foot scenery may cause corn , blisters, foot pain, leg pain, back pain and a series of symptoms.

No. 7:

When you see a pair of shoes in the design of your dreams, in the funkiest colors, and at a reasonable price, it's love at first sight. Unfortunately, the material is not good, advise you to choose to pass it.

No. 8:

Check the leather of the shoe is good or bad, not in the shoe head and on both sides of the shoe side, it is best to touch the leather on both sides of the shoe to see if the thickness is uniform.

No. 9:

Choose soft and flexible soles that disperse more evenly Impact force .

Tip 10:

In general, a comfortable match is: heel The higher the height, Trouser leg The wider; The shorter the heel, the narrower the pant.

Tip 11:

Choose shoes that are slightly darker than your skin tone, which will appear Leg length He's tall and tall.

The twelfth trick:

If you prefer, we recommend choosing a color that is close to the skin shoelace 's shoes.

Tip 13:

Choose scientifically Arch of the foot Designed sneakers that reduce ground from the human body Reaction force Balance the force on the foot, so that the arch of the foot is in a neutral state of three-point force, reduce foot fatigue, and increase Body movement Function.

According to the different functional characteristics, sports shoes can be divided into the following 5 kinds:

Control action class

Suitable for moderate to severe varus feet and people with higher body weight, it improves the runner's heel and running motion control and supports the arch of the foot. Its external characteristic is that the arch part of the foot is thickened, and the weight of the shoe is medium.

Cushioning type

It is suitable for runners with good running technique, landing on the front or middle of the foot, and supporting with the sole and outside of the foot. The weight of the shoes is medium and heavy, and the soles are thick.

Stable class

Suitable for mild to moderate entropion Foot type, a runner who uses the middle and outside of the foot for support. The self-weight of the shoes is medium.

competition

Suitable for runners with good running skills, light weight or mild foot pronation. The self-weight of shoes is low.

cross-country

The sole is thick and the groove is deep, which is suitable for running on the natural ground such as land and forest. The self-weight of shoes is heavier.

sneakers (7 photos)

1. First use a clean soft cloth (preferably white) with a small amount of "Leather Shoes Cleaner", gently wipe on the shoe surface to remove dirt.

2. Use another clean soft cloth to evenly apply an appropriate amount of "Leather Care ointment" to the upper shoe (only apply a thin layer, do not apply too much, or you can use the cloth to remove excess ointment), and polish the leather.

3. If the stain is stubborn (such as oil), you can first wet the stained part (not all sneakers), then use Leather Shoes Shampoo and soft brush to remove the stain, and then print dry with a cloth or thick paper towel. After stabilizing the shoe shape, air dry naturally to avoid direct sunlight. Then use Step 2. Care for the upper leather.

Note: If not necessary, try to avoid using step 3. Or washing natural with water Leather sports shoes Because it affects the cortex; Simple clean-up steps (i.e. Steps 1. And 2.) should be taken before the situation gets worse.

Chamois or fluff Leather

1. Carefully remove the dirt attached to the vamp with a soft or nylon brush in accordance with the wool. If necessary, dip the brush in a small amount of Suede or brushed Leather cleaner before cleaning the upper.

2. After stabilizing the shoe type, air dry naturally to avoid direct sunlight.

Artificial leather transport

1. Try a clean soft cloth (preferably white) to clean the upper quickly.

2. If the effect is not ideal, you can use a soft cloth to dip less economy and then clean the upper.

3. If sneakers are too dirty, wet them all and use Shoes Shampoo and soft brush to clean the dirt. overtopping After printing dry with cloth or thick paper towel, stable shoes after natural air dry, avoid direct sunlight.

4. Use a clean soft cloth to evenly apply the appropriate amount of "Leather Care ointment" to the upper of the shoe, and then polish the upper.

Natural or Synthetic fibre

Soak the sneakers, clean the dirt with Shoes Shampoo and soft brush, and print dry with cloth or thick paper towel after water, stabilize the shoes and air dry naturally, but avoid direct sunlight.

Made of fiber + leather

1. Wet the sneakers first, and then clean the dirt with leather shoe detergent and soft brush. After water, print dry with cloth or thick paper towel. After stabilizing the shoes, air dry naturally, but avoid direct sunlight.

2. Because of dyed Natural leather It may transfer the color onto the fiber, so special care should be taken when cleaning the joint position of the two.

Fiber + artificial leather

1. Soak the sneakers first, clean the dirt with Shoes Shampoo and soft brush, and print dry with cloth or thick paper towel after water, stabilize the shoes and air dry naturally, but avoid direct sunlight.

Cleaning of insoles

1. Basically, try to avoid cleaning insoles. If there is an odor, take out the insole and place it in an air circulation place to air dry, or even use footwear deodorant Remove odors.

2. If the situation is bad, the insole can be placed in faucet Rinse and gently wipe with a soft brush. Do not use any cleanser , otherwise Surface course The fabric may come off.

3. Place in the air circulation place to air dry, do not use Hot air blower Or dry hair with a blower to force the insole dry, otherwise the insole may change shape.

4. It's already yellow. Rub with a little vinegar, taking care not to rub it on the leather or fabric of the shoe. Also available on the market bleach (Use carefully), a little yellow is normal, there may be shoe glue, the first brush shoes afterdischarge Wrap toilet paper in a ventilated place to dry

Additional note

Do not immerse your sneakers in water containing shoe detergent for a long time.

After washing, the sports shoes should be thoroughly soaked and air-dried.

Wash your hands thoroughly after removing your shoelaces.

Treat sneakers immediately after they are wet by rain

1. Blot the water thoroughly with a dry cloth.

2. Insert dry cloth or paper into shoes to stabilize shoes.

In 1861, Vulcanized rubber The application of technology to shoes marks the birth of modern sports shoes.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France has begun to study sports shoes, the earliest study of sports shoes is the coach, followed by the manufacturer of sports shoes, and later evolved into a joint study closely combined with the two. The world's major brands such as Reebok, Adidas New Balance, Camel, Puma, etc., have established their own research institutions or Think tank , designed and manufactured some unique Functional unit And sports shoes of special construction. while Nike The most extensive and in-depth research on sports shoes represents the highest level of research and development and manufacturing of sports shoes in the world at present. Due to the continuous emergence of new sports, research and meet the needs of these projects, to provide new, multi-functional, alternative materials is the theme of the development of sports shoes, while on the basis of the original sports shoes structure, to improve, make it more in line with the characteristics of the sport has also received more and more attention. In order to improve the appreciation of competitive sports, reflect the personality characteristics of athletes, in the shape of more beautiful, more typical, personalized interest. In the use of color, adopt a variety of color collocation, improve brightness, more vivid degree.

Before the 1990s, the United States, Germany and Japan are the three major countries in the world of sports shoe research, design and manufacturing, and have been leading the trend of sports shoes in the world Development trend . And sports shoes are produced in a wide variety of styles, rich colors, changeable patterns, Three-dimensional sense Strong, good straightness, comprehensive collocation with clothing, the overall effect is coordinated. The hygienic performance of sports shoes is very high, and a shoe fabric with deodorizing performance has been developed.

The development of sports shoes will follow people Living space and Range of activity Continuous expansion, the rise of new sports, coupled with tourism has become a fashion of life, more and more types of sports shoes, styles are constantly renovated, showing a colorful, dazzling trend; Secondly, professional sports require the continuous improvement of sports level, on the one hand, sports shoes are developing in a more professional direction, on the other hand, they are also developing in a more popular and fashionable direction, that is, from the focus on its sports function to the aesthetic of decorative items in clothing and other directions. Third, people Environmental protection With the increase of awareness, environmentally friendly sports shoes are being accepted by people. Fourth, casual sports shoes are very popular in mass sports, which will integrate the advantages of leather shoes and sports shoes, and the boundary between the two is gradually diluted. Due to the unique functionality, protection, comfort and fashion of sports shoes, especially more and more teenagers consume sports shoes has become a fashion; In 1997, the sales of sports shoes in the world were 17 billion U.S. dollars, 23 billion U.S. dollars in 2003, and 24 billion U.S. dollars in 2004, I believe in sports shoes Market share It will expand further.

The 21st century, the use of computers and electronics Sensing device The accurate determination and automatic adjustment of sports shoes is the focus of major brand companies, but also sports shoes more in line with the personal characteristics of athletes and sports characteristics, both to meet the fit, and more comfortable and functional will be the development trend of sports shoes.

Ancient times

Half a million years ago, humans were able to walk and run standing, but it was not until about 50,000 years ago that humans knew how to use animal skins to make some simple clothes and shoes. Primitive man used his feet to chase wild animals leaf , bark Even animal skin wrap, is the earliest prototype of shoes. These shields are often scattered during running, so humans gradually learn to shield System of matter It needs to be stronger. Then they cut off a piece of fresh animal skin and wrap the feet, and the wrapped animal skin will become harder and harder, and even grind the feet and cut the feet. Humans are made of stone or animal bones Hand tool Make the animal's skin softer, or use a softer material. They also found that bark, animal skins, and even other materials tied to the sole of the foot, roughly shaped like the sole of the foot, were less likely to fall apart and be punctured. The shape similar to the sole of the foot was later called the sole, and the binding material gradually evolved into the upper of the shoe. At that time, shoes were worn in more intense sports, such as battles between tribes, in order to seize aircraft, or to escape the pursuit of the other party, bark, rattan , animal skin or other Straw plaited article Tie it under the soles of the feet to cover them so they can run faster. These are producing, fighting, and even fleeing Natural disaster Or the shoes worn when the beast attacks, which is the relatively simple early human sports shoes.

Classical sports shoes originated from ancient messengers who needed to run long distances. At that time, messengers were running to transmit orders on the battlefield. In order to select the messengers who could run fast, the ancient games were born. Have the most representativeness the Olympic Games Started in 776 BC in the village of Olympia, Greece, the sport was mainly running, and later added sword fighting, wrestle Archery, boxing, etc. In order to get the best results, athletes gradually go from running without shoes to running with shoes on. Running shoes So it gradually developed. Later on, Sports and recreation With more and more sports, some special shoes began to appear. At that time, the special sports shoes were characterized by athletes only in football, rugby , Cricket match Wearing leather-soled sneakers during sports (with Oxford shoes Similar, will also be a rubber and plastic sole called Oxford bottom ). For non-slip soles, nails or bolts are often added to the bottom. These sports shoes, which only have individual functions required for sports projects, mark the emergence of classical sports shoes.

Modern times

The history of modern sports shoes can be traced back to the 1840s. rubberize Shoe industry As a sign, the use of rubber provides conditions for shock absorption to meet the requirements of movement.

In 1832, an Irish emigrated to the United States, when the printing hours in a small town in Massachusetts, standing in front of the machine every day, the sole of the foot because of too much pressure from the body gravity for a long time, feel the sole of the foot pain, on the sole of the foot mat on a rubber pad, the pain is significantly reduced. His colleagues hid the pad as a joke, and when he returned home, he simply attached the rubber to the soles of his shoes and was born Rubber sole The shoes.

In 1839 came the year Vulcanized rubber Good wear resistance.

In 1868, the first pair of tennis sneakers with vulcanized rubber as flat soles were born, which marked the official emergence of modern sports shoes.

Used in 1861 cricket Sports running shoes use sports Spiked shoes . Running shoes with spikes began to be derived from daily men's shoes in the same year; In 1896, running shoes were derived from running shoes without shoes nails, which is the predecessor of professional running shoes.

In 1873, Americans used Sneaker (meaning no sound, stalker, thief, etc.) to describe sneakers with rubber soles on cloth. This kind of sports shoes do not make a sound when used, so Sneakers became a substitute for sports shoes.

In 1876, the New Liverpool Rubber Company adopted new technology to produce croquet Since then, rubber soled canvas shoes have been favored by consumers, and the British gave cloth sneakers a nickname Plimsolls.

In 1892, British runners changed their heavy running shoes to running shoes with nails, leading the trend of running shoes.

Long since discontinued in 1896 Olympic movement in Greece the Athens Rise again. 50 km long race, i.e marathon Sports are listed as official events. The way a marathon runs, it's different Track and field field In other running events, the sole does not need to be studded like sprint shoes. Since then, the running shoes used for running began to be divided into two categories: studded and non-studded.

The 20th century

1. Development of sports shoes in the early 20th century

In the 15 years from 1895 to 1910, the design, production and sale of sports-related competition shoes appeared. There are mainly c with spikes, middle distance running shoes, high jump shoes, c, Track and field meet Shoes, etc. And the shoes used in other sports are also gradually becoming specialized.

In 1900, amateur runner Joseph Wilhelm Foster turned his workshop into a shoe factory and personally designed a variety of spiked running shoes favored by competitors, which later became the predecessor of the Reebok company.

Since 1908, the famous American sports shoe manufacturer -- Spalding corporation For the first time Provide sports shoes and related equipment for well-known marathon runners in the United States, and send sports shoe experts to supervise the team. The following year, the company introduced running shoes with a lightweight design, making the sneakers more lightweight.

In 1911, the Spalding company introduced a short running shoe that used rubber at the bottom part, and introduced an inside and outside pair Air chamber the Structural design The pressure of the central air chamber plays a role because it is smaller Shock absorber The surrounding air chamber plays a supporting and stable effect due to the high pressure.

In 1915, the Spalding Company began producing soles with nails Sprint Middle distance running shoes, high jump shoes, javelin shoes, etc. The shoe last has been improved, the shoe head part is rounded, the body arrangement is looser than before, and the combination of the upper and the sole is no longer hand-sewed.

In 1928, Mr. Kelley, an American who participated in the marathon, has been trying to make running shoes with lower price, lighter weight and better comfort. Bowling shoes Jump shoes, rubber soles playshoes Such as all kinds of sports shoes, to participate in competitions around; Contributed to the development of sports shoes. The same year, the United Kingdom Old shoemaker Rugin began designing sneakers with eye pieces and LACES on the outside of the instep, and a piece on the top of the instep Elastic band In order to achieve the purpose of foot fitness. Try not to design stitches in the part of the foot and the shoe contact, and maintain a seamless shoe head to avoid blisters. At the same time, the front and back of the sole are separated, and the entire outsole is easy to repair and replace.

By 1936, the Dassler family in Germany had become famous all over the world Sports brand , widely used sports shoes frenum The device, the C-buckle, was introduced by them in 1941, and they had also designed a lacing structure with a supporting foot arch.

In 1948, the Dassler brothers broke up, and their brother Adolf founded Addas, which later became Adidas- adidas The predecessor of; On the other side of town, Dassler started a thriving company called Puma Puma. Adidas established the world's first sports shoes Expo, the collection since 1924 the most complete track and field sports shoes; Puma, on the other hand, has kept the company's early running shoes as well as the patents obtained over the years for athletic shoe research. The brothers are here Olympic Games On the war, every four years to reach the most intense degree of competition, the two companies are free for well-known sports players to design special shoes, greatly promoted the development of sports shoes.

1951 Tiger-Tegel, Japan's most famous shoe manufacturer, began production marathon Running shoes for sports. This running shoe has a special shape: the shoe head is not usually seen as a whole, but the front of the sole is divided into two parts, the front part of the upper is also composed of two parts, that is, the big foot finger is separated from the other four toes.

The 1950s saw a new wave of marathon activity.

In the 1950s, Saucony (a subsidiary of Haidy) produced running shoes that combined the advantages of Spalding and Law shoes, with a kangaroo leather upper, a sole with a linear structure, a larger toe and a seamless cut design, and a sole that was mainly leather and covered in key parts Natural rubber In order to achieve light weight, good shock absorption effect.

In the 1950s, the United States, Germany and Japan basically formed a three-legged athletic shoe competition situation.

1950s Warm-up exercise The rise of warm up shoes (training shoes) followed. These shoes are somewhere between spiked running shoes and flat running shoes with shock absorption. Applicable to all kinds of Sports competition Anterior muscle extension, Weight training Warm-up exercise, trot and so on.

In the 1960s, most running soles were equipped with free-standing heels to meet the requirements of runners. New Balance (New Balalice), the predecessor of the company, started in 1906 Boston Riley- Rayleigh, a company that produces corrective shoes, developed with years of experience in making difficult corrective shoes, the company began to extend its reach into the field of running shoes in 1961, applying the principle of corrective shoes to running shoes. The running shoes seen on the market are the evolution of New Balance's running shoes. Because this shape is similar to the wedge type, it is called the wedge type Root cutting (Heel Wedge), which later evolved into a full-piece insert.

Another feature of New Balance's running shoes is to provide consumers with a variety of fat options, with up to five types of fat to choose from.

The next big thing about sneakers in the '60s Aerobic dance The advent of the wave and the midsole. In 1968, the United States promoted the "New Life Movement" and the rise of an "aerobic dance movement". Influenced the style of leisure sports shoes, leisure sports shoes developed from this.

1963, Nike (Nike) the predecessor of the company - blue ribbon Sporting goods The company (Blue Ribbon Sports) cooperated with Baumann Company and operated professionally Import trade At that time, all the running shoe soles dug out a piece of material at the bottom of the foot, the front part of the sole and the heel part were separated, the thickness was only 6mm, and the shock absorption effect of the sole was not ideal.

In 1967, Tagore Company proposed to wash dirty shoes directly in the washing machine. Launched two running shoes with an entirely nylon mesh upper, one for marathon shoes and the other for racing spikes. The sole of the running shoe is cut off, and then glue the sole of the slippers (equal to the function of the insert), and finally paste a layer of wear-resistant rubber sole as the outsole, this improved structure and the development of nylon mesh cloth, and finally the sole of the running shoe Standard design In the history of the development of sports shoes has a pivotal and important impact, and became the jogging sole Basic mode .

In April 1967, comments on sports shoes began to appear in the United States. It has greatly standardized the production and sales of sports shoes, promoted the improvement of the quality of sports shoes and the replacement of products, and made sports shoes Quality system Gradually improved.

In 1968, he invented the full-piece center insert, which converted Japanese bathroom slippers to the bottom of sneakers. In the same year, there was also a low heel height design of the shoe mouth, and the shoe mouth line was not stuffed Foaming material Class padding to increase its comfort. But between the upper and the inside taproot ( Hougang Treasure), became one of the most widely used sports shoes to help the face.

Around 1970, Bauman broke through the traditional concept and boldly improved the structure of sports shoes. A student at Portland State College designed the hook logo. Jeff Cofounder of the company Johnson thought of the name "Nike" in a dream. "Nike" is a Greek story of a man with two wings Goddess of victory The hook-shaped logo also looks like wings.

In 1973, the nylon mesh shoe upper first developed successfully by Nike was the popular focus of running shoes that year.

In 1973, Mr. Bauman improved the structural design of running shoes and poured PU glue into them Wafer biscuit the Iron pattern Inside, the dried PU glue is removed from the iron mold and becomes a well-known wafer bottom in use. Wafer sole becomes a lightweight, spikeless sprint Track event The shoes, which later became marathon running shoes, had a profound impact.

In 1974, Brooksys was the first to use a revolutionary Polymer material - EVA, light weight, good shock absorption effect. Soon, EVA replaced rubber as the most widely used insert material.

In 1977, nylon mesh fabric was widely used in the world to make athletic shoe upper. Cordon Bleu sports products company invented the running sole of the full piece suction center insert, and the insert this piece of substrate has become an indispensable part of the vast majority of sports shoes.

In 1978, adidas In order to prevent the heel joint of the foot from overturning, the rear guard, also known as the heel sheath, is first designed between the upper and the inner part of the heel; At the same time, an "exposed heel stabilizer" is used to further strengthen the heel stability effect in the middle of the heel inserted into the upper corner. And because the running shoes of the time were too low to wear the skin of the Achilles tendon, he made a piece of "Achilles" at the top of the back heel tendon Protective sheet "; Allow the heel to slip into the shoe easily, and add fabric pull loops to the back upper piece.

1985 Nike and NBA basketball Stars Jordan, Bakri, professional tennis star Agassi and other big star cooperation, greatly promoted the high development of the sports industry. In 1987, Nike invented the first pair of Air cushioning devices placed under the heel Air cushion shoes .

In 1988, Asics The company inserts silicone in the middle of the sneakers. cushion It opens up a new field of shock absorption. In the late 1980s, the Etonic company focused on the early air cushion shoes stability Insufficient shortcomings, designed for stability Air cushion device The stability air cushion is composed of a number of independent cheap rooms, each cheap room has a shock absorption function, thus overcoming the traditional air cushion generation Water bed The phenomenon of wobbling instability. Another contribution is for the general foot type, high foot domed foot type, flatfoot Foot type, designed three different styles of air cushion, can achieve the effect of control and correction of foot turnover phenomenon. Gotek Hi-Tec The company made a cylindrical Ball into the heel of the center insert shock absorber, and named it ABC device (Air Ball Concept). The sphere contains gas inside. And the root has different shock absorption protection needs, the ABC ball is designed into different hardness, different elasticity, to meet consumers' needs for their own air cushion. time-honored Finland Karhu shoe factory also invented a series of air cushion running shoes, which are characterized by hollowing out the heel part of the middle insert, dividing the entire sole into four layers, and placing the top piece of the bottom lining above the hollowed out middle insert (the second layer), forming a general effect similar to the spring jumping bed in the gymnasium. The third layer can be regarded as the base of the first and second layers, and the fourth layer is the rubber outsole in contact with the ground.

In 1988, Conway introduced the second generation Elastic Stress Relief System (REACT II). At the heart of the system is a glue solid that can be shaped into any shape and, like the automotive anti-impact system, has a cushioning function on the foot and can be effectively dispersed Impulse pressure Withstand vertical impulse force of more than 8000N, can provide better elasticity and wear comfort.

The characteristics of sports shoes in the 1980s, a variety of functional designs have come out, Air cushion shoes Is the mainstream, towards shock absorption soft cushion, honeycomb structure, spring plate principle, Silica gel The development of liquid pads and other directions.

Lower priced models were introduced in 1991 Transparent rubber Material for the production of running shoes or certain sports shoes.

Transparent was introduced in 1992 PVC material Come in place of Transparent rubber Production of sports shoes, transparent sports sole design has become a trend. Nike's air cushion shoes toward the larger (the bigger the bigger), reveal more (the more dew) principle of development, the air cushion constantly updated, the quality is getting better and better.

In 1993, it was invented Charging device With the air pump device, the inflator can adjust the elasticity of the heel part of the sole and the forehand part respectively through the outer waist side of the instep Pressure gauge It can accurately display the pressure value. The air pump device can fully replace the shoelace and transfer from the face of the shoe to the sole. So that the sole can provide shock absorption protection and flexibility to meet the needs of different users, can also be like Automobile tyre Similarly, by inflating or releasing pressure, you can adjust to the degree that you think is most appropriate.

In 1997, bionic sneakers were introduced. Bionic sports shoes are products developed by imitating the jumping movements of kangaroos. When walking in these shoes, the foot exerts pressure on the spring, which in turn exerts pressure on the foot impetus The wearer gains "jumping" energy while walking, thus speeding up the walking speed.

All in all, athletic shoes developed in technology from rubber soles in the mid-nineteenth century Canvas shoes Developed to the true leather upper rubber soled shoes from the 1950s to the 1960s, and then evolved into the nylon mesh cloth upper with EVA sole in the 1970s Structural mode In the 1980s, the emphasis was on various functional devices in the insert part of the sole, and after the evolution of the 1990s, it was the use of various shoe materials and structural design methods to develop customized requirements.

The sports shoes of the 90's pay more attention to fit than the 70's or 80's, making the performance of the sports shoes of the late 90's more diversified and idealized. 90's running sandals will be running shoes structural design and Sports sandals The combination of features in sports sandals became one of the best selling sports shoes.

Sneakers and sneakers have flat soles, plasticity Large, elastic Play a certain role in running and jumping for teenagers buffering Therefore, many teenagers like to wear it, but long-term wearing has many drawbacks.

The materials used in sneakers are mostly rubber, plastic, sponge, nylon, canvas, etc., and the ventilation is poor. Sweaty feet In this "closed" environment for a long time, it is easy to cause fungal propagation and spread Tinea pedis , dermatitis , eczema Etc. dermatosis .

Sports shoes or sneakers are a kind of heelless Flat shoes . It doesn't guarantee Center of gravity of human body It is evenly distributed throughout the sole of the foot and does not keep the muscles, ligaments, bones and spine of the body in their normal position Working condition . Changes in body gravity after teenagers put on sneakers or sneakers, feet Applied force If there is an uneven distribution, it will affect the footwork. Wearing sneakers for a long time, right in Developmental stage Teenagers are not only useless, but also very harmful.

The American Podiatric Medicine Association puts forward the following six recommendations for sports people to buy sneakers:

1. No matter how elaborate the design of sneakers, if you feel uncomfortable wearing them, don't choose them.

2. Don't just buy according to the size of the foot, but also see whether the fat and thin shoes fit.

3. Shop at the store when your feet are at their largest (at night or after exercising).

4. Wear plain cotton socks when shopping.

5. Make sure your shoes leave enough room for your toes. Make sure the longest toe is about a thumb joint long from the top of the shoe.

6. When making a purchase decision, pay attention to the design inside the shoe, which will help you choose a pair that fits both your foot and you Motion form 's shoes.

1. When shoes are dirty, gently scrub them with clean water dipped in detergent, then rinse them with clean water, place them in a cool and ventilated place to dry, avoid direct sunlight. Do not use heating or open fire to dry, so as not to cause aging, opening, fading and serious deformation. superfluous Direct sunlight , Hairdryer Heat and improper care methods will reduce the service life of shoes; Do not soak for a long time when washing, generally soaking time should not exceed 20 minutes. Do not soak real leather shoes with water.

2. Most of the raw materials of sports shoes are artificial Synthetic polymer material (Mostly polyester Nylon net Cloth and non-woven base leather, soles are mostly used rubber or Rubber foam Some vamps are leather, so avoid contact Organic reagent and Oils and fats At the same time, it is not suitable to wear for a long time in a high temperature environment. The general wearing or washing temperature shall not be higher than 45 Degree Celsius .

3. If it is stored for a long time, it should be stored first Shoe brush Wash, dry and place in a cool and ventilated place, so that the shoes have sufficient time to dry, so as to avoid occurrence mildew . Real leather shoes are best to use paper balls or inside the shoes Shoe holders Prop up to avoid serious deformation. Put the shoe head down toward the wall and dry in a ventilated place at room temperature to prevent water from dipping into the midsole Foaming material . (Because foam does not dry easily, it is recommended not to lay wet shoes flat.)

4. In order to use sports shoes for a more beautiful appearance, please do not use a strong brush or excessive force in the process of wearing or brushing, and do not use nails or sharp tools to pick at the corners of these printed patterns. After wearing for a period of time, the surface of some patterns may appear some small cracks (especially the parts that are often tortuous), which is a normal phenomenon.

5. In order for you to achieve a satisfactory wearing effect, please treat your shoes fairly. Don't wear anything normal Jogging shoes Or walking shoes for football, etc Strenuous exercise .

6. Daily training athletes, it is best to prepare more than two pairs of sports shoes, in order to replace every day.

7. Athletes or sports enthusiasts should always wear the purchased sports shoes. To extend the life of your shoes, wash them as little as possible.

8. Running shoes Nylon on top Mesh cloth And artificial tanned skin is relatively easy to maintain, can be washed by hand with water, it is best not to wash with washing machine or soak in water.

9. Keep shoes and LACES separate Neutral soap / Powder wash. Wash shoes Take out the insole, scrub gently with a soft brush, and rinse it off.

Want to get the various effects of sports shoes color, such as strong eye-catching, subtle elegant, lively, classical solemn, naive romantic, youthful vitality, you need to understand the following rules of sports shoes color composition.

1. The Law of Echo

The color echo rule in the application of athletic shoes straight and the performance of a certain color rather than simply exist, only in the same shoe somewhere there is the same or similar color echo.

2. The Law of Contrast

In the use of color in a certain quality of the gap, such as hue, lightness Purity, size, warmth, etc., make sneakers Color composition The effect is eye-catching, strong, and introduces attention, which is the most creative and contemporary feature of the design applied to sports shoes.

3. Uniform rules

The law of color unity is the unity presented in the color composition of sports shoes, which has two forms of expression: one is the use of a single hue (color) characteristics to make sports shoes Color design Having a certain charm and conforming to fashion; Another genus Analogous colors Color matching color is similar, color harmony and unity. The unified color scheme makes the product color have an overall power, if it is not a commonly used color, the larger the area, the stronger the visual effect.

4. Emphasize the law

Through an emphasis on the use of color, the expression of a certain key part or component of the sports shoe, Display design Characteristics and brands, color contrast is purely the pursuit of a bright color matching effect. Emphasize the law consciously to express a certain point, but also inseparable Color contrast The applications include The hue of color , purity and brightness.

5. Rhythm rules

Color on Rhythm sense It is especially suitable for the design of sports shoes and sports shoes worn by teenagers. Color rhythm design is represented by the regular recurrence of colors, usually with hue Purity, brightness, pattern, etc., used well, the color effect of sneakers is more lively, free and dynamic.

6. The Law of popularity

The color of shoe sports products has a certain degree of popularity, in line with the popular color matching, easy to be accepted by people in sports, shoe color pop rules consider the user's conditions, regions, age, sports items, varying degrees of restrictions on the acceptance of shoe popular color.

7. The Law of Innovation

Color constitutes sports shoes Plastic arts The important feature of color design is success and novelty, which is the most charming in the design language expression. Seeking new and different is the instinct, to master and apply the law of color matching, in the design process to master the method, but also to pursue innovation. The innovation of sports shoes is manifested in breaking through the traditional Color matching Regular, feel to create a new color visual effect, to attract consumers to the product's attention and consumption.

In the global footwear industry Asia Transfer in the larger context of China's Shoe industry It is developing rapidly. In 2010, China's production of all kinds of shoes exceeded 12 billion pairs, accounting for more than 60% of the world, of which 9.93 billion pairs of exports, China has become an important shoe manufacturing base in the world. With the continuous development and expansion of China's footwear industry, Adidas , Nike , Reebok , Puma , Mizuno , Umbro The world's top brands such as New Balance have settled in China, Adidas has signed more than 40 factories in China, Nike has signed more than 120 factories, and 90% of Mizuno sports shoes production also comes from China.

On the basis of China Leather and Shoe Industry Research Institute Data statistics 2008 world sports shoe soles Market demand The scale is about 7 billion pairs, of which about 50% are produced in China, with an average annual growth rate of 16.29%. International brand The total demand for domestic famous brands and miscellaneous brands is increasing year by year. The year 2009 Chinese movement Shoe sole production reached 2.93 billion pairs, by International market The impact of weak demand slowed growth in 2010 in countries around the world Economic stimulus package and Domestic market In the case of demand growth, the trend of rapid development is again presented.

Slave region Concentration degree Look, Chinese sneakers Industrial cluster Mainly located in Kwangtung , Fujian (Province) , Zhejiang (Province) Sichuan and other places. In the domestic scale of sports shoes production enterprises, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces have the largest number, and the sum of the output of these three regions accounts for more than 60% of the output of sports shoes enterprises above the national scale. Among them, Fujian Province's sports shoe enterprises are mainly distributed in Quanzhou and Jinjiang Guangdong Province is mainly distributed in Dongguan (a city in Guangdong Province) Zhejiang Province is mainly distributed in Wenzhou .

Quanzhou area as the core of the industrial cluster, shoe sole years Total output About 1.4 billion pairs, accounting for about 50% of the domestic production of sports shoes soles, the industrial cluster mostly to produce domestic Private brand Shoe sole based.

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