Citroen by Andre Citroen Founded in 1878 in France Paris At the time of his birth, his family had no idea that decades later, the Citroen car brand he started would make the family name a household name.

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Overall development

In 1912, he opened the "V-gear factory", when he produced a batch of double helical gears.

A Citroen sports car (20 photos)

World War I During this time, Citroen was drafted as an artillery captain. When he found he was short of ammunition, he offered to set up a factory to produce shells. Here, his Organization management The ability to get great play not only makes the shells Daily output It set a record of 50,000 and was organized so that women could work, allowing more men to leave the war.

After the war, Andrew decided what to do Henry Ford The success of the company saw the future of the family car, and in 1919 it built a car factory named after itself "CITROEN" to commemorate the gear factory of that year. Andrew carefully built the Citroen brand, he dreams of one day can reach the level of thousands of cars per day, really make the average family have an economical and comfortable car. In this way, Andrew began his future success Automobile industry .

The original Citroen

In 1900, at the age of 22 Andre Citroen from Poland A copy was obtained for herringbone Gear machining The cutting patent. Then, the young man who graduated from the comprehensive engineering school founded the Citroen gear factory. In 1919 Citroen Motor Corporation was founded, beginning his tireless pursuit in the automotive industry.

In May 1919, Citroen's Model A was put into production in Quedzava, France, which began the production of Citroen cars. Although at that time Annual output Only 2,810 units were built, but the Citroen Model A still created a number of French firsts: the first high-volume, low-cost, fully equipped production line introduced in Europe; The first Left rudder Driving a car; The first mass-market car sold for 7,950 at the time franc / The record of the car. In fact, the performance of the Model A itself was very advanced at the time: Dynamic system Equipped with 1327cc Four-cylinder engine Fuel consumption per 100 km is only 7.5 liters. Three-speed transmission configuration, up to 65km/h. A surname The four-seater structure is very popular. At the end of the year, Citroen introduced A commercial vehicle based on the original Model A: a trailer truck with a load of 300kg. From May 1919 to January 1921, the Citroen Model A was built Total output That's 24,000 vehicles.

The soaring Citroen

1920, Citroen car in France Le Mans Held a car race won the title of "fuel saving champion", so that Citroen prestige, directly promoted the growth of Citroen sales. By the end of the year, there were 15,000 Citroen cars on the streets of France.

In 1921, Citroen began to explore the overseas market, with 3,000 cars sold abroad that year, and annual production reached 10,933. The end of the year Citroen company from Clermont. Byard leased the Le Flas factory in Paris and began production of the famous 5CV economy car in 1922. Half track car , as well as body parts and Ball bearing . In the same year, Citroen established a member car purchase system, providing 12-18 months to pay off the full purchase service. Then he struck while the iron was hot and founded the first one in Europe Member company SOVAC, with a view to popularizing family cars throughout France.

In 1923, Andre Citroen met in the United States Henry Ford I brought it back Ford Automobile assembly line Production method And machine tools, since then Citroen engineers have always visited the United States regularly. In that year, the "Citroen Travel Team" was established. When the team began to trek across France to enhance the prestige of the model, the new assembly line at Quedzava's plant was providing users with a steady stream of new Citroen cars at the rate of 100 a day, 3,500 a month. while London The establishment of the branch office has further expanded its business to Europe. It is worth mentioning that the Citroen half-track car is across Africa Sahara Desert The feat left the first time Hyundai motor Trajectory.

In 1924, the St. For the first time, the Citroen B12 model produced at the plant has an all-steel body. Andre Citroen is in line with the internationalization of cars Development trend , established to cover Brussels , Amsterdam , Cologne , Milan, Geneva and Copenhagen The international sales network of many cities, such as the export of 17,000 vehicles that year. Parisian taxi The network was also acquired by Andrew in one fell swoop, opening up the intercity high-speed long-distance service.

In 1925, the Citroen chain grew from 200 stores in 1919 to 5,000 stores. The 5CV also exceeded the total production of 80,000 units by this time. In 1926, Citroen set up a special Technical research lab-based Technical support . In the same year, a complete set of standard services was launched, and a maintenance manual was also issued. As for the overseas performance, the first place is Brussels Home decoration The assembly plant was put into operation and 5CV was assembled. B12 And B14, while a second branch in Slough, UK, also opened for 5CV production and assembly.

Paris, July 4, 1925 World Expo Give Andrew the chance to display the word "CITROEN" in thousands of neon lights in Paris Eiffel Tower Up. This dazzling light is particularly bright in the night sky of Paris. One of the world's most famous flying solo Atlantic Charles Lieben, with this dazzling light of navigation, landed safely in France, which is now known as a good story.

Citroen C4 Picasso HD Atlas (17 photos)

In 1927, Citroen grew to a domestic and foreign plant building area of 762,000 square meters and 31,000 employees. In the current year Paris Motor Show The grand launch of the B14G model is another rapid transformation of Citroen after the transformation of B14 to B14F in just a few months. Later, Andrew Citroen successfully organized public visits to Citroen factories, which made Citroen even more popular.

1928. Citroen Daily capacity Up to 1,000 cars, 14 models. A nationwide sales network of 5,000 offices, 10 overseas branches and 4 production plants constitute a good international sales market for Citroen. Overseas in those days Sales performance It also reached 45% of the total number of cars exported by France. The main model of the year was replaced by the C4 B14G.

In 1929, Citroen's annual production exceeded the 100,000 mark, reaching 102,000 cars. The new C6E also made its grand debut at the Paris Motor Show that year, with 5,090 units produced from April to December alone.

In 1931 and 1932, Citroen's annual production remained at more than 70,000.

In 1931, Citroen sponsored an expedition known as the "Yellow Journey", consisting of 40 people and 14 half-track vehicles. In April of that year Lebanon Beirut The journey began in February of the following year and lasted 10 months Himalayas , the Gobi Desert, overcome all difficulties to reach Beijing, China.

Citroen Grand C4 Picasso HD atlas (9 photos)

In 1933, by World economic crisis The influence of, Automobile industry of France The landslide caused a big drop in automobile production. Andrew insists on "being prolific Reduce cost "The principle requires daily production to maintain 1,000 vehicles. This strategic mistake laid the groundwork for Citroen's future troubles.

In 1934, Citroen faced severe financial difficulties, the French and even Europe's first-class, the world's second largest car manufacturing company in the life and death, got French government At the behest of the maximum Credit company Michelin the Financial aid And bring the dead back to life. At the same time, 8,000 employees were laid off, and only 56,123 cars were produced that year.

After 1935, in the context of the turbulent world situation, Citroen was like a boat in the turbulent sea, suffering from wind and waves again and again. First Andrew Citroen died of a sudden illness on July 3, 1935, and production plummeted to 30,759 cars that year.

In 1938, Citroen produced 68,109 cars a year. Traction Avant, a new model launched that year, was hailed as the "queen of the road" because of its excellent performance.

World War II After the outbreak, the Citroen Quedzava plant was blown up. Citroen is in Belgium Parts of the factory were destroyed. Due to special wartime circumstances as well Company management Resistance to the German authorities led to a gradual decline in Citroen annual production between 1940 and 1945.

In 1946, Citroen's annual production increased from a low of more than 2,000 vehicles before the end of the war to 24,443 vehicles, half of which were commercial vehicles. In 1947, Citroen actively expanded in overseas markets, respectively Argentina , Sweden A new agent is established Point of sale . 70% of Citroen cars were exported.

At the Paris Motor Show in October 1948, Citroen's new 2CV caused a great sensation with its exaggerated styling, perfect design, and multiple uses. From October 1949 to July 1990, a total of 3,87 million units of this car were produced.

The Citroen of today

In the 30 years after the war, Citroen grew rapidly. By 1975, Citroen was producing nearly 700,000 cars a year, 55% of which were sold abroad. By this time, company founder Andre Citroen's vision of a mass-market car had long since become a reality. Not only that, except Economy car Citroen is also actively developing a variety of models such as concept cars. Citroen, designed under the concept of multiple concepts, is also unique in the world.

In 1976, Citroen underwent major changes. France's Peugeot took control of 89.95% of Citroen's shares and merged with the long-established company. Since then, Citroen has become the French Peugeot - Citroen Group ( PSA ) One of the members, but it still has a great deal of independence from it Business activity Still in their hands.

Citroen was founded at the height of the First World War, so its products were mainly artillery shells and military equipment. until World War I After that, the company began to engage in automobile manufacturing activities. The first French car was produced in 1934 Front-wheel drive Cars. Citroen was an early adopter in France Assembly line production Thus, in just six years after its establishment, the annual production exceeded 100,000 vehicles.

In 1924 and 1931-32 Andre Citroen organized the Citroen Automobile. Asia "And" Africa "Trip", also known as "yellow travel" and "black travel", has made Citroen cars famous in the world, and sales have also increased. It was achieved in 1928 Nissan 400 cars, accounting for l/3 of France's automobile production. By 1975, Citroen was producing 700,000 cars a year.

In early February 2009, Citroen held a grand ceremony in Paris to officially launch its new brand Brand identity . The new brand identity is still based on the two-character logo, while the overall use of rich metallic color, more three-dimensional and rounded outline, very fashionable, modern atmosphere. The double shape is the eternal theme of Citroen's logo, commemorating the invention of the herringbone gear Transmission system The founder of Citroen Andre Citroen. Alongside the new logo was a new Citroen Brand slogan -- Creative Technologies. The launch of the new brand identity and slogan reflects the new era of Citroen, a world-renowned brand with a glorious history of 90 years Development stage .

Chronicle of Events

In 1900, when Andre Citroen was only 22 years old, he stumbled upon a method for cutting herringbone gears while traveling in Poland and immediately purchased the patent. Since then, this herringbone striped gear has become the symbol of Citroen, and it has continued to this day Vehicle identification .

In 1919, Citroen introduced the Type A. It was the first car to be mass-produced in Europe, the first to be sold as a complete vehicle, and the first to be developed specifically for the masses and for ordinary people. Citroen's idea is to democratize and popularize cars.

In 1922, the opening ceremony of the 7th Paris Motor Show, one jet The words CITROEN, a 5km long giant jet, were seen in the sky over Paris.

In 1922, Citroen created Europe's first consumer credit company, which was engaged in installment sales Credit business . This extremely favorable condition has contributed to the popularity of French cars.

In 1923, in order to promote the model, Citroen organized the team to tour the French roads.

In 1923, the Citroen track car successfully crossed Sahara Desert . In 1923, Andre Citroen began producing car toys: exact replicas of the Barba car. A total of 2,033,369 toys were sold between 1923 and 1933.

In 1924, Citroen founder Andre Citroen established Citroen GMBH, specializing in Automobile production .

In 1925 Citroen cultivated and developed their sales network in France. The number of secondary agents grew from 200 in 1919 to 5,000 in 1925.

In 1925, Citroen put its name on the Eiffel Tower with 250,000 light bulbs. Citroen's name shone on the Eiffel Tower until 1934.

In 1928, Andre Citroen rented the last page of every major French newspaper (with a total circulation of 15 million) to promote the Citroen factory.

In 1931-32, the Citroen tracked car set off from Beirut to Beijing, completing the "Eastern journey".

In the first half of 1933, 40% of all commercial vehicles on French roads were Citroen cars.

In 1934, the Citroen 7A was introduced. It was the first front-wheel-drive sedan, and it rocked the whole thing with bold technology Automobile industry . Traction Avant( precursor Is a real one Technological revolution It was praised on its debut: "Novel, bold, rich and unique solutions, is a transcendence of the past." The car remained in production until 1957, with 760,000 units produced.

In 1934, the introduction of the Traction Avant front drive car failed to prevent the serious problems faced by the enterprise Financial crisis And has been powerless Accounts payable . Since Citroen is the number one car factory in France and Europe, it is also Second in the world At the request of the government, the main creditor Michelin company cleared its account and injected financial support, and Citroen began to continue to operate under the supervision of Michelin.

In 1935, Andre Citroen fell ill cancer Died.

In 1948, Citroen 2CV Exhibited at the Paris Motor Show, with its exaggerated shape, perfect design, multiple uses caused a great sensation, the interpretation of a new Design concept . It is a true economy car, very suitable for the general Wage earners It also met people's fashion pursuit of automobile culture, and later derived many new versions and were enduring. From 1949 to 1990, a total of 3.9 million Citroen 2CV were produced in more than 30 models.

1955, Citroen DS19 Exhibited at the Paris Motor Show. Twelve thousand orders were received in one day. This sensational event opened a new chapter in automotive history. Its innovation is not only aerodynamics So are the lines, and the new technology it uses revolutionary Yes.

In 1958, the Yavel Riverbank, where Citroen's Yavel factory is located, was named the Andre Citroen Riverbank.

In 1965, the Citroen Design Center in the outskirts of Paris was opened. The aim is to expand and bring together the three separate lifeblood departments: design, laboratory and research.

In 1974, Michelin and Peugeot decided to merge Citroen and Peugeot Peugeot Joining together to form a whole on an international scale. The two brands retain their own sales networks, their own model ranges and their own Brand image But development strategy research, procurement and investment are shared, which contributes to a significant reduction Economic cost .

In 1976, the Peugeot Group bought an 89.5% stake in Citroen and formed the PSA Holding Company to merge Citroen and Peugeot.

In 1978, Citroen's spare parts centre in the outskirts of Paris was put into use, where it was used Computer management Responsible for supplying spare parts to Citroen's global network.

In 1982, Citroen went to Guangzhou Oriental Hotel 150 CX units were shipped and Citroen began to enter the Chinese market.

18 May 1992, China Dongfeng Motor Company A joint venture with Citroen of France Dragon Motor Co., LTD .

On May 6, 2010, China Changan Automobile Group And France Psa Peugeot Citroen Group The joint issued a statement that it has signed cooperation on the establishment of an automotive joint venture in China Letter of intent The two parties will each hold a 50% stake in the new company. Changan Automobile Will be PSA's successor Dongfeng Motor After that, a second one was set up in the country Joint venture company . ^[1]

On June 10, 2021, Agence Presse Citing automobile manufacturing groups Stellantis Its subsidiary Citroen was formally placed under investigation after being summoned by the Paris Court of Justice earlier in the day for the European fifth generation sold by Citroen in France from 2009 to 2015 Emission standard Diesel models suspected of emissions "fraud". Just two days earlier, Peugeot, which is part of the same group as Citroen, and another French carmaker Renault The group also announced that it had been placed under investigation in France for the same offence. Three companies, according to reports Have all already Be required to pay Security deposit And offer large amounts Bank guarantee . The Stellantis Group Also said that its other major car brand Fiat He is due to appear before the Paris Court of Justice in July. ^[3]

In September 2022, Citroen released a new one Enterprise brand This is the tenth major update of the Citroen logo since its creation in 1919. ^[5]

Vehicle recall

As of September 16, 2022, Peugeot Citroen (Shanghai) Management Co. LTD Recall of some imported Satyesh manufactured between November 18, 2020 and July 21, 2021 DS 3 Pure electric vehicle , 49 in total.

Reason for recall: Some vehicles covered by this recall Air conditioning compressor Motor stator 's copper wire Protective layer There may be damage caused by copper wire and compressor lubricants refrigerant Contact, when the lubricant and refrigerant moisture is too much, may cause corrosion to the copper wire, resulting in a reduction in the compressor insulation level. When the vehicle diagnostic software detects the situation, it will disconnect the main battery relay and shut down the power system, causing the vehicle to lose power during driving, and there is a safety hazard.

Disposal measures: Peugeot Citroen (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd. will replace air conditioning compressors free of charge for vehicles covered by the recall and install new ones dehumidifier Filter tank To increase drying capacity, thereby eliminating safety hazards. ^[4]

On May 10, 2023, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of South Korea announced that some cars of the Citroen DS4 Crossback were recalled for repair due to defects in the front bumper fixing bolts that fell off during driving. ^[6]

In July 2023, Peugeot Citroen (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd. filed a recall plan with the State Administration for Market Supervision and Administration in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on the Management of Defective Automobile Product Recall and the Implementation Measures of the Regulations on the Management of Defective Automobile Product Recall. With immediate effect, a total of 49 imported DS-3 pure electric vehicles manufactured between November 18, 2020 and July 21, 2021 will be recalled. This recall is a repeat of the recall campaign of Peugeot Citroen (Shanghai) Management Co., LTD., issued on September 16, 2022, to recall some imported Satyal DS 3 pure electric vehicles. ^[7]

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Citroen focuses on the automotive market. ^[2]

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