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Notre Dame de Paris (French: Cathedrale Notre Dame de Paris)
)
[7]
Also known as Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
[42]
, located in
French Republic
capital
Paris
Downtown, located
Seine
centre
West Dyke
On, with the Paris Town hall and
Louvre
Across the river, for the Gothic Christian church building; It was founded on March 24, 1163 (by the Pope
Alexander III
Four years)
[41]
, yes
Christianity
dispatch
Catholicism
The Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, one of the oldest and most symbolic monuments in the French capital and the most famous in Europe
Gothic cathedral
One of France's most representative cultural relics and monuments
World heritage site
One of the French and European literary and cultural landmarks
.
[5-6]
12 [8]
Notre Dame de Paris has a long horseshoe Gothic plan
Latin cross
The length is about 127 meters, the total width is about 48 meters, and the total height is 96 meters
[40]
With a total construction area of 5500 square meters and a total floor area of 6000 square meters
meter
[29]
; The west facade has two clock towers, about 69 meters high; There are a total of five longitudinal cabins inside, including a middle cabin with two wings on each side, and the top of the cross is
altar
The long wing of the cross is the main basilica of Notre Dame; At the east end is the altar, followed by a semicircular outer wall, the two ends of the hall are open, beside the small tower; Outside the altar is the iconic minaret, 96 meters high.
[40]
Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris is the world's first fully Gothic church, the sculpture art and painting art of the building body and a large number of art treasures in the hall have high historical and cultural value
Be famous at home and abroad
The world reputation is the elephant of Paris, France
Sign, the world's mainstream religion Christian holy land
.
[3]
[6]
[14-17]
[23]
[38]
In 1862, Notre-Dame de Paris was listed as a monument of French heritage by the French Commission for Historic Monuments
The list.
[18]
In 1991, Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was
UNESCO
Be included in
World Heritage List
"
.
[18]
- Chinese name
- Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
- Foreign name
- Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris
- Geographical position
- City of Paris, French Republic
- Floor space
- About 6000 m²
- Protection level
- World cultural heritage
- Opening hours
- December 8, 2024 [49] (Not yet open)
- Climatic condition
- Temperate maritime climate
- religion
- Christianity
- alloname
- Symphony of stones , The most beautiful flower of medieval architecture , Madame de Paris
Roman Empire
Tiberius
In the time of Emperor Tiberius,
West Dyke
Its eastern half houses a temple dedicated to Roman and Gallic gods
.
[19]
In 496,
Frank
King
Clovis
The capital was set in Paris and converted to Christianity, and a Christian church was built on the West Island to worship St. Stephen
.
[20]
In the 6th century, the Church of Saint Etienne was built
hall
.
[5]
[19]
At the beginning of the 12th century, the original Saint Etienne Church of Christ
Hall collapse
Bishop of Paris
Maurice de Souly
Maurice de Sully decided to rebuild the new church.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
In 1163, the Pope of Rome
Alexander III
Pope Alexander III officiated at the official opening ceremony of the cathedral of Notre Dame, and Bishop Maurice de Salie laid the foundation stone, mainly for the construction of the choir of Notre Dame and its two cloisters
.
[7]
[22]
[28]
In 1182, the main building was the nave, the lower side and the first four spans of the grandstand
Degree, the basic function of Notre Dame de Paris roughly formed, built with singing
Don.
[28]
[38]
In 1190, the latter two spans of the nave of Notre Dame were built
.
[28]
In 1208, the main facade and entrance of Notre Dame Cathedral were built
.
[28]
In 1220, bishops such as Youde of Sully, Peter of Nemor, and William of Senele expanded the Notre Dame complex, adding a clock tower, high window holes, a complete restoration of the original frame, and a roof integrated with a complex rainwater system
.
[22]
In 1225, the main facade of Notre Dame and the upper part of the two towers were built, the cathedral was extended through high Windows, terraces were created, the spire arches were modified, and the side nave was added
.
[28]
In 1250, the north facade and North transept of Notre Dame Cathedral were built
.
[28]
In 1267, the main construction was the South transept of Notre Dame and its main gate, the chapel, the red gate and the archway of the choir
.
[28]
In 1345, the cathedral of Notre Dame was officially completed
.
[7]
In 1695, Cardinal Noel of the Diocese of Paris rebuilt the walls, south bell tower, arches, corridors and terraces of Notre Dame de Paris, revamped the span vault, roof frame, verticality, and built a new cellar, main altar, wrought iron grating and other facilities
Grant.
[24]
In 1756, many priests decided that the interior of Notre Dame was too dark and removed most of the medieval stained glass and replaced it with white glass
.
[24]
On November 2, 1789, the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris became French
.
[24]
In 1793,
French Revolution
As a result, Catholicism was banned in Paris, most of the treasures of Notre Dame were destroyed or looted, the church was turned into a temple of reason, and later as a wine store, was destroyed
bad
.
[23-24]
[38]
In 1801, the Entente restored the Catholic faith in the church and re-established the Diocese of Paris, and the Notre Dame de Paris was in disrepair and decay
.
[18]
1804, Emperor of France
Napoleon
With wooden porches, cardboard and stucco, silk, velvet curtains, etc., the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was restored
.
[18]
1830, France
July Revolution
Rioters completely destroyed the stained-glass Windows of Notre Dame Cathedral and burned down the archdiocese, and the authorities in Paris planned to completely demolish the Notre Dame
A surname.
[18]
In 1831,
Victor Hugo
Published by Victor Hugo
Notre Dame de Paris
The book caused a stir and led to a nationwide conservation campaign in France
.
[18]
In 1842, the French Minister of Justice and Religion decided to rebuild Notre Dame Cathedral
.
[18]
In 1844, the historian and architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc presided over the restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral
.
[18]
[23]
[39]
Notre Dame Cathedral before restoration (19th century)
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris in the 18th century
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Notre Dame Cathedral in 19th century Paris
The Violet Leduc manuscript
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Notre Dame Cathedral in 2004
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
The Last Judgment gate of Notre Dame
The Gate of Notre Dame
Notre Dame de Paris, Santa Ana Gate
Statue of Charles the Great at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
The Rose Window of Notre Dame Cathedral
South rose window
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris under restoration in the 19th century
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
Photos of Notre Dame Cathedral
In 1845, the French government allocated 5 million francs for the complete renovation of the church by the architects Lassos and Vieulet Le Duc, which restored the spire, the sacrette, the 13th century gate, the King's gallery, and the medieval style of the retro high Windows
.
[18]
In 1989, Jean Tourette built a new altar at the intersection of the transept of Notre Dame
.
[18]
In 1905, France issued a law
Separation of church and state law
The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was restored
France
countries
Yes, Jacques Le Chevalier removed the white glass in Notre Dame and replaced it with medieval stained glass and restored 12 tall Windows.
[18]
In 2008, the cathedral organ was rebuilt and the lights renovated
Equipment.
[18]
In 2012, Notre Dame restored its red doors for priests
.
[34]
On April 15, 2019, the Notre Dame Cathedral caught fire while it was under repair, due to a fault in some of the clock tower's electrical systems
[45]
The fire caused the collapse of the iconic spire, two-thirds of the roof was destroyed, and the entire building was seriously damaged, and the main structure of Notre Dame Cathedral was preserved and suspended from opening to the public
.
[1]
[6]
[25]
On November 6, 2019, China and France signed a cooperation document in Beijing to cooperate on the restoration of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, and Chinese experts will participate in the restoration work of Notre Dame Cathedral.
[2]
The rebuilding of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
On May 31, 2020, the square in front of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was reopened to the public
. The same year
On September 15, Notre Dame reopened its shops and resumed guided Tours
.
[21]
[27]
On March 5, 2021, the Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris completed the renovation preparation, and the restoration work officially began.
[4]
In March 2022, the French National Institute of Preventive Archaeology discovered a sarcophagus in Notre Dame Cathedral.
[44]
On July 28, 2022, French Minister of Culture Abdel Malak visited Notre Dame to learn about the reconstruction work and said that Notre Dame will reopen to the public in 2024, but the specific date is not yet confirmed.
[47]
On September 16, 2022 local time, the head of the restoration project of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris announced that they have begun the reconstruction of the most iconic part of Notre Dame Cathedral, such as the minaret and the wooden frame below, and the restoration site will be opened to the public for the first time.
[48]
During a hearing before the Senate Committee on Culture on Thursday, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, who is in charge of the protection and restoration of Notre Dame, confirmed that the reopening of the cathedral is definitely planned for December 8, 2024. This was the wish of the then Archbishop of Paris, Michel Aupetit.
[49]
On April 15, 2023, the fourth anniversary of the fire of Notre Dame Cathedral, the restoration project of the cathedral is still under intense progress, and the installation of the spire base of Notre Dame Cathedral is now in the final stage. According to the current schedule, the spire of Notre Dame will be installed by the end of 2023; The entire project will be completed by 2024, and Notre Dame is scheduled to reopen by the end of that year.
[50]
On November 28, 2023, the main installation of the spire of Notre Dame Cathedral was initially completed.
[52]
On February 13, 2024, the repair work of Notre Dame Cathedral is still ongoing and continues to make progress. Since February 12, the scaffolding of the spire of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris has been dismantled one after another, and the basic spire has been revealed to the world.
[53]
On April 15, the fifth anniversary of the fire of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, the restoration project has entered the final stage
Period of
.
[54]
On December 8, 2024, the restored Notre Dame Cathedral opened to visitors
[56]
.
steeple
Structure of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
The width of the side facade of Notre Dame de Paris is 43.5 meters, the height of the non-tower facade is 45 meters, the choir is 38 meters long and 12 meters wide, the nave is 60 meters long and the width of the central container is 13 meters, the width of each side slope is 5.9 meters, the height below the nave roof is 43 meters, the height below the vault of the nave and the choir is 33 meters, and the height below the vault of the outer line is 10.1 meters. The inner line is 10.5 meters high below the arch, the stand is 8 meters high under the arch, the stand is 5.9 meters deep, and the transept is 48 meters long and 14 meters wide
.
[29]
[39]
The nave of Notre Dame is reserved for the liturgical faithful, the main nave of the church, which is the central vessel of the Notre Dame building, rising from the ground to the vault with a total of ten spans. Each span corresponds to the space between each pillar; The first two spans support the tower and serve as a transition after the entrance, with columns, arcades, pilasters and colonnades highlighting the vertical effect
.
[32]
Inside Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
The transept of Notre Dame de Paris is the horizontal arm of the crucifix, the space at the cross is the transept intersection, the volume is proportional to the size of the cathedral, the decorative system of arches, arches and carved bands is used to reinforce the walls, the original stained glass Windows of the 13th century are preserved, and the liturgical celebrations are held
Ground.
[32]
Notre Dame de Paris is surrounded by 29 chapels, also known as "radiation chapels". It is a dedicated space built for the local rich to commemorate the dead, decorated with altars, lamps, statues or paintings, reliquaries of the patron saints, tombs and wall paintings, with the only remaining remains of the 13th century painting of Notre Dame
.
[32]
The forecourt is the courtyard square of Notre Dame de Paris, designed by the architect Beaufland in the 18th century, the zero kilometer is located in the center, marking the starting point of 14 radiating roads from Paris to all parts of France, and the underground is the remains of the early Saint Etienne Cathedral, with archaeological crypts that can be accessed from the forecourt
.
[30]
The front yard of Notre Dame Cathedral
summarize
The west facade is the main facade and the main gate of Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris, which adopts the traditional European "harmonious facade" part when it is built, that is, the symmetrical three-sided facade is cubed, divided into three layers, 43.5 meters wide, 45 meters high, and the tower is 69 meters high, with a built-in bronze bell; At the bottom, there are three entrances, the gate of the Last Judgment in the middle, the gate of the Virgin Mary on the left and the gate of Saint Anna on the right, which are decorated with many biblical figures; The upper part is the King Gallery, the Madonna Gallery, with a terrace, and the center of the terrace is a rose with a diameter of 9.6 meters
ring
.
30 - [31]
[38]
King's Gallery
The King Gallery is located under the upper baluster of the west facade, which is the dividing line between the bottom and middle floors of Notre Dame, 20 meters high, composed of 28 figures, each arch is carved with a king statue, representing the 28 Jewish states of Israel recorded in the Old Testament of the Bible
The king
.
[31]
[38]
Madonna Gallery
Located next to the top terrace of the King's Gallery, two angel menorahs symbolizing "fault" and "redemption" surround a statue of the Virgin flanked by the gods of Adam and Eve
Yes.
[31]
North elevation
Porta Saint-Etienne
Gate of the Virgin Mary
The last judgment gate [46]
In 1431, England and France
Hundred Years' War
At the end, King Henry VI of England was crowned the Kingdom of France at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
King.
[13]
1455. French national hero
Joan of Arc
The ceremony was held at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
.
[38]
In 1558, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, and King of France
Francois II
Royal wedding at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
In 1559, Elizabeth, Queen of France and King of Spain
Philip the Second
Royal wedding at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
In 1572, Margaret de Valois, Queen of Scots, and King of France
Henry IV
Royal wedding at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
.
[13]
In 1804, Pope Pius VII granted the First Imperial Emperor of France
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sacrament and coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral
.
[13]
[38]
Coronation of Napoleon
1853 Queen Eugenie of Montijo and Emperor Napoleon III were married at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
On May 9, 1945, Cardinal Suhad was greeted at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Charles de Gaulle
General and ambassadors of the governments of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain.
In 1980, the Pope
John Paul II
Visit Notre Dame at the invitation of UNESCO, the Bishop and the civil authorities.
In 2008, the Pope
Benedict XVI
Notre-dame de Paris decided to launch the 850th anniversary of the construction of Notre-Dame Cathedral
.
[13]
In 2012, Cardinal Andre XXIII of Paris inaugurated the anniversary celebrations of Notre Dame Cathedral.
[13]
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Literary works
On April 15, 2022, France issued a stamp with the theme of "Treasure of Notre Dame de Paris" to commemorate the third anniversary of the fire of Notre Dame de Paris. The stamp depicts the organ of Notre Dame Cathedral, has a face value of 1.65 euros, and is printed in small sheet form with a total print run of 550,000.
[43]
Commemorative stamp
Commemorative stamp
Notre Dame de Paris is an outstanding representative of early Gothic architecture in Europe and the first fully Gothic church in the world. The sculpture art and painting art of the building body and a large number of art treasures in the church have high historical and cultural value, and are important spiritual support for Parisians and French people
.
[3]
[15]
In 1862, Notre-Dame de Paris was listed as a monument of French heritage by the French Commission for Historic Monuments
The list.
[18]
French Minister of Culture, 1968
Andre Malraux
A campaign was launched to clean the heritage buildings in Paris, and the facade of Notre Dame Cathedral was cleaned and reinforced
.
[39]
On September 16, 2023, the scaffolding around the spire of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France, is expected to be removed before the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, according to the person in charge. At that time, visitors will be able to enjoy the new view above Notre Dame Cathedral
The spire.
[51]
In May 2024, China and France reached the Cooperation Agreement between the Museum of the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum of China and the Scientific Foundation for Cultural Heritage of France on the scientific research on the protection of wooden remains and soil sites, including the protection and restoration of the burned wood of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and the research on its value cognition.
In terms of wood preservation research, the two sides will jointly carry out research on the protection and restoration of wood relics (charcoal) burned in the Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris and the Tomb of the First Emperor of Qin. The preservation status assessment, deterioration mechanism, protection technology and method research, wood restoration research were carried out for the burned wood of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and the excavated charcoal and wood of Qin Terracotta Warriors and horses.
[55]
Notre Dame Cathedral at night
Notre Dame Cathedral (Closed)
Main Building of Notre Dame Cathedral: Free
Church side tower (bell tower) : €8 / person, €5 (18-25 years), under 17 years free
Church Museum: 3 euros/person
Basement: €4 / person, free under 13, €3 / person (over 60, unemployed), €2 / person (13-18 years)
Monday to Friday 8:00-18:45; Weekends 8:00-19:45
Take Paris buses 21, 24, 38, 47, 85, 96 and get off at Notre-Dame de Montebello station and walk there.
Take Paris Metro Line 4 or RERB or C to Saint-Michel station and get off on foot
.
[26]
