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lacertiformes

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An order of the subclass Dipora

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Lizards, part of the phylum chordate ^{[5
]} The largest group of reptilia species, there are about 3000 species in the world. Most species are four-developed, with five fingers, fingers and toes have claws; The body is slender and covered with imbricate horny scales; Some species have bony plates under the cuticular scale; 1 pair of nostrils, located on either side of the rostral tip or slightly near the dorsal side; The eyes are more developed, with upper and lower eyelids, only the lower eyelids can move; The geckidae have no movable eyelids except for the genus Prosopus; The eyes of the cave-living groups are hidden under the scale, most of them have tympanic membranes, and usually have external ear holes, most of which are oval. The skulls are fixed to each other and immobile; The left and right mandibles are connected by bone suture, the tongue is flat, there is no tongue sheath, can be telescopic; Has the function of touch and taste; The articulators are paired and located in the caudal base, so they are larger than the female body and can be used to identify the male and female. ^{[6
]}

The lizards are mainly distributed in southern China, but also in tropical and subtropical areas. Lizards are mostly terrestrial, but some are semi-aquatic, arboreal, or burrowing. It feeds on insects, worms, mollusks and spiders, ^{[6
]} A small number of people eat plants and few people eat plants exclusively. Generally oviviparous, a few oviparous. ^{[7
]}

According to paleontological research, the earliest sauropidian fossils were found in the strata at the end of the Triassic period 180 million years ago. There are three key species of wild animals under protection in China, belonging to three genera and three families, all of which come from Lingnan. There are also 1 genus and 2 genera of Biped Sauridae, which are protected rare animals in Lingnan, China. ^{[8
]} Lizards, which together with ophidiformes are classified as squamids, are the most diverse and numerous living reptiles. ^{[9
]}

Chinese scientific name: lacertiformes
world: animalia
The door: Chordate phylum
subphyla: Vertebrate subphyla
The outline: reptilia

subclass: Dipora
Orders,: lacertiformes
Kind of: dodendron
Distribution area: It is distributed all over the world
Protection level: Listed in Appendices I, II and III of CITES

catalogue

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EDITOR

lacertiformes LACERTIFORMES

There are about 3,000 known species of lizards, which can be divided into four suborders. It is mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Mostly have appendage Two pairs. In some species, 1 or 2 pairs are degraded and disappear, but there are in the body Extremity girdle The remnants of... It usually has an external ear hole, and the eardrum is surface-located or deep-set. Eyes with movable eyelids and Nictitating membrane (third eyelid). The tongue is well-developed, flat and muscular. mandible Lean left and right suturae Firmly connected, mouth expansion is limited. The tail of some species is often broken by the enemy, and can be active for a period of time after breaking to divert the enemy's attention and escape; Tail renewable, regenerative tail with protocercal The shape is different. Mostly insects or other arthropod , worm Wait for food. Some species eat both plants and others eat only plants. Ovigenous or ovoviviparity ^[1]

lacertiformes

Squamomorpha Lizards of the order or scale saurioidei It is the largest group of modern crawling species, with more than 4,000 species distributed all over the world, in a variety of forms, most of them small, including the smallest extant reptiles, but also a few large, and in the world Prehistoric period And some huge members. Lizards may also have been the ancestors of two other orders of Lepidoidea.

Iguanas

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lizard (5 photos)

Iguania: Members of the iguana suborder typically have a dorsal Cuesta scale , a little like sphenodon All have complete limbs, and many species can change their body color, including some of the most distinctive looking lizards. Iguanas are divided into three or more families and are found mainly in the tropics, subtropics Region, where American iguana family It is mainly found in the New World, while the other two families are limited to Old World . Iguanas Both arboreal and aquatic species have more members than any other suborder, but there are also many terrestrial species.

American iguana family

lacertiformes

American Iguanidae (Iguanidae) also known as iguana A large family of reptiles, with about 550 to 880 species in 54 genera, distributed mainly in the New World from southwestern Canada to the southernmost tip of the Americas, with a few in the Old World Madagascar And the Western Pacific Fiji , Tonga Wait for the island. American iguana family Its membership is very diverse and can be divided into up to eight subfamilies, which are often upgraded to eight different families.

1. Ambrosaurinae

anole The subfamily Polychrotinae is American iguana family The largest subfamily, up to 11 genera and 250-392 species, distributed mainly in Central and South America and the Caribbean islands, with a few reaching the southeastern United States. The lizard is relatively small, mostly arboreal, and is good at changing the color of the body, which is equivalent to the American chameleon .

2. American iguana subfamily

lacertiformes

The American iguana subfamily Iguaninae has 36 ~ 38 species in 10 genera Southern United States island Paraguay Between the American continent, the Caribbean islands and The Galapagos Islands There is a genus distributed in Fiji, Tonga and other western countries Pacific islands Including some of the largest and most famous lizards in the Americas. Green iguana Iguana iguana is up to 2 meters long, yes The Western Hemisphere The longest lizard, often kept as a pet. Marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus is a semi-marine lizard found in the Galapagos Islands, good at swimming and feeding in the sea. Be distributed among Fiji And Tonga's low Hooded lizard The members of the genus Brachylophus live more than 9,000 kilometers apart from their American counterparts, and how they got there is hard to explain.

3. Galeomorphinae

The Corytophaninae subfamily Corytophaninae has 3 genera and 9 species, distributed from Mexico to Mexico Ecuador Large, the largest can be close to 1 meter, is an agile tree-living lizard, is also good at swimming, and can run a distance on the water with its hind legs.

4. Horned sauroinae

Horned lizard The subfamily Phrynosomatinae consists of 40 to 124 species in 8 genera, including Horned lizards and strong lizards coryphozard Utah lizards, distributed from southern Canada to Panama, are mainly terrestrial, and some species can live in deserts. Members of Phrynosoma can spray blood from their eyes to frighten their enemies when in danger. Horned lizards are stocky and very different from most lizards, as well as other members of the same subfamily.

5. Collared lizards

The Collared lizard subfamily (Crotaphytinae) has 5 to 10 species in 2 genera and is distributed in southwestern North America from the United States Oregon To the northern part of Mexico, mainly live in desert and other inhospitable areas, quick action.

6. Cristaurus inae

Tropidurinae (Tropidurinae) consists of 120 ~ 292 species in 13 genera, distributed in Central and South America, the Caribbean Islands and the Galapagos Islands Rain forest A variety of deserts Ecological environment Most of them live on land, while a few are arboreal or live on rocks. Crista-tailed lizards are small and flexible.

7. Ctenosaurinae

The subfamily Hoplocercinae consists of about 10 species in 3 genera, distributed from Panama to Panama Peru A small or large terrestrial lizard that lives in wet or dry forests and has spines on its tail as a defensive weapon.

8. Scutellurinae

Oplurinae has 7 species in 2 genera and is found in and around Madagascar The Comoros Islands , and American iguana family The other members are far apart. In connection with Madagascar adjacent African continent only Iguanidae Members without American iguana family Madagascar has only members of the American Iguana family and no members of the Iguana family. Shield-tailed lizards live in drought Subhumid area , terrestrial or tree-dwelling.

The shield-tailed lizard Oplurus sebae

Iguanidae

lacertiformes

Iguanidae There are 300 to 377 species of Agamidae in 40 to 53 genera, distributed throughout most of the warm regions of the Old World, but not on some islands such as Madagascar, and most abundant in southern Asia and Oceania, with fewer in Africa and Europe. iguana Section has quite a few and American iguana family Corresponding members, there are also some very unique types. Of southern Asia and Oceania Long iguana with American iguaninae The members are very similar. It is found in eastern Indonesia and Indonesia The Philippines The two species of sea lizards are quite similar to members of the Crested lizard subfamily. There are also many small iguanas that are good at changing the color of the mountain, much like it anole . The most unique types of iguanas can be found in southern Asia and Oceania. Asiatic Slyzards Draco, with ribs on the side Dermal membrane Can glide in the air. Of Oceania Frilled lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii. Big one on the head Skin fold In the face of danger to intimidate the enemy. Of the desert region of Oceania Demon lizard Moloch horridus, covered in spines, feeds on ants.

The flying lizard is Draco

Any of several genera of the family Iguanas having lateral supports of 5 to 7 pairs of elongated ribs Alar membrane . well-developed Laryngeal pouch Sum triangle Lateral cervical capsule . The body length is less than 150 mm, and the tail length is about 1.5 times that of the body length. About 16 species are known, distributed in South Asia And Southeast Asia, China produced 2 species, one is naked ear Slyzards The eardrum is exposed; A surname Slyzards maculatus The eardrum submerges under the scale. Distributed in Yunnan, China, Xizang Guangxi and Guangxi Hainan Island . It lives in tropical and subtropical forests at an altitude of 700 to 1500 meters, often active in trees, and rarely goes down to the ground. When crawling on the tree for food, the wing membrane folds to the side and back of the body like a fan; When gliding through the woods, the wings spread out. Gliding can change direction, but not from low to high. Flying lizards feed on insects. Oviparous. Lay 2 to 5 eggs in holes in the ground or trees.

Glyptocephalus discolus

Calotes versicolor, Calotes Versicolor, alias: Horsehair snake, Thunder male snake, Cockscomb snake . Glyptocephalus discolus The head is large and slightly tetrapyramidal, the body is slightly flat, and the back of the neck has a row of upright iguana scales, like a horse's mane, so it is also called Horse mane snake . Anterior shoulder without triangular fossa. The limbs are developed with 5 fingers (digits) each and have claws. Body length less than 100 mm. The tail is very slender, several times as long as the body. The covering size of the whole body is similar and slightly shaped imbricate sequential squamule . Lateral scales face backward and upward. Back light brown, cloth with dark brown spots. There are 6-8 dark brown radial lines around the eyes and rings at the tail. Body color can change with the environment.

Glyptocephalus discolus It lives on scrub grass slopes. They are active during the day and prey on various insects. Quick to move, good at climbing trees. He lives in a cave and often sleeps hanging from a tree branch on summer nights. Oviparous, laying 6-9 eggs at a time.

Glyptocephalus discolus^[2]

This species is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. "Horse hair snake wine" has been driven rheumatism Waist fitness effect; Meat cure Infantile malnutrition

Chameleonidae

Chameleonidae Chamaeleonidae, with a flat side body and a tail that can be twisted into a spiral and wrap around branches. It can change the body color according to different luminosity, temperature, humidity and other factors, so it is also known chameleon . There are 85 to 158 species of 4 to 6 genera, mainly distributed in Africa and Madagascar, eastward to India, with a few distributed in Asia and southern Europe. In addition to its ability to change its body color, it has a prehensile tail and a long, sticky tongue. Finger and toe grip, before the inner 2 fingers of the foot is a group, the other 3 fingers are a group, after the outer 2 toes of the foot is a group, the other 3 toes are a group, can grasp the branch more firmly. There are often horns, ridges, or nodules on the head. For example East Africa The Jackson escapee has three horns on its head, reminiscent of prehistoric Triceratops . The two eyes of the head protrude, can be turned separately, leaving only a narrow slit in the eyeball to see things, such a structure allows one eye to stare at the found prey, turn the head, and then shoot out the tongue, accurately capture the prey. The tongue is very long, the tip of the tongue is wide, with glands, secretions can stick to insects to feed. Majority adaptation Arboreal life And sometimes live in herb Up. Only a few species live on land. Some species are oviparous, while others are oviparous.

Slyzards maculatus

Slyzards maculatus The main feature of Draco maculatus is that it has a wing-like membrane supported by five ribs on its side, which allows it to glide from tree to tree. The body is 80 mm long and the tail is about 125 mm long. There is a pouch fold on the side of the neck and below the throat. male Laryngeal pouch Pleats longer than head, end blunt pointed; In females, the laryngeal sac folds are small and the lateral neck sac folds are triangular. The limbs are slender, with the forelimbs drawn forward beyond the rostral end. The base of the tail is slightly arched at the back, and the triangular scales arranged adjacent to it on both sides form a serrated shape.

Slyzards Is more typical Tropical forest Kind. It lives in the forest. Agile and often glides from tree to tree. Prey on all kinds of small insects. The eggs are laid on the ground, 2-5 at a time.

This species is only found in Yunnan, Guangxi and Hainan Island. Another kind The naked eared flying lizard (D.Lanfordi), body size ratio Slyzards maculatus Much larger and found in Yunnan Xishuangbanna .

lacertiformes

Banded lizard tiger Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel

It is small in size, with a total length of about 120 mm. There are no large scales arranged symmetrically on the top of the head, the snout is blunt, and the eyelids are immobile. The back of the head body is covered microscale The scales in the chest and abdomen are large and imbricate. The tail is slightly flat, and the back side has 16 horizontal rows of equidistant large scales, each row has 6 large scales, thus forming 6 vertical rows. The hind limbs are thicker than the forelimbs, and the enlarged bottom folds of the fingers and toes form double rows; The first finger (toe) is short, but equally clawed. Back light yellowish-green; The tail end has a horizontal stripe, and the abdomen is grayish white.

It mainly lives in eaves and other places. They often hunt small insects near the light at night. The tail is easily broken, and the regenerated part has no large scale.

This species is a tropical and tropical species. In China except Guangdong mainland and Hainan Island It has also been found in Yunnan and Taiwan provinces.

Gecko

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gecko The suborder Gekkota consists mainly of geckos with full limbs and geckos that evolved from geckos but whose limbs are degraded and their appearance is very different from that of geckos lepidopod Usually, the eyes are relatively large and the eyelids cannot move. There are two more included here Categorical status Variable families, which may or may not be related to geckos.

geckidae

geckidae There are no less than 90 genera of Gekkonidae and 900 to 1000 species, yes lizard The second largest family in the world, including some islands and mountains. Gecko (Gekko) about 20 species, 8 species produced in China, common are Polyverrucous gecko , No webbed gecko , Webbed toe gecko With a gecko. Saurichthys 4 species are known in China, Hemiphyllodactylus Amphodactylus and Gecko China has 1 species, mainly distributed in South China . The body of the gecko family is flat, the tail can be cut off and regenerated by itself, and it is mostly active at night. Geckos are mainly tree-living lizards in forests, with the ability to adhere to their feet, but there are also many species in other environments such as deserts, and some members are active during the day. The members of the gecko family are more complex and can be divided into several subfamily Others split the gecko family into two or three different families. The more primitive members of the geckidae family have movable eyelids, while other geckos and even lepidopoda of the same suborder have immovable eyelids coverlet Separate into Blepharidae Eublepharidae, with about 5 genera and 22 species, can be divided blepharodon And cat's eye tiger two categories. Blepharopteris is distributed in Africa , Asia In North and Central America, its climbing ability is weaker than most geckos, and it prefers to move on the ground. in Oceania Some 14 genera and 110 species of geckos are sometimes listed in the Diplodactylidae alone. Austrogoniidae includes some of the largest extant geckos, which live in New Caledonia Rhacodactylus leachianus has a head length of 24 cm NZ Some recently extinct species were more than half a metre long, and there are no other geckos in New Zealand except the Australian tiger. Other geckos are retained in the family Geckidae, and these members are widely distributed and related to the tarsus and the Australian tiger Distribution area Overlap, can also be divided into gecko, Sand tiger And sphaerodactylus three categories. Geckos include some of the most familiar reptiles, the web-toed geckos and the unweb-toed geckos of China, which can often be found on urban buildings. Geckos also include some of the smallest reptiles, such as Caribbean Sea Some members of the genus Sphaerodactylus on the island are no more than 3 cm in length. Geckos live in buildings and feed on mosquitoes, flies, moth Etc. insect For food. Night activities, summer and autumn nights often haunt the wall with lights, ceiling Under the eaves or pole During the day, it lurks in hidden places such as wall cracks, tile corners, and behind cabinets, and lays eggs in these hidden places, each producing 2; Oval white, oval, shell fragile. Hatching period More than a month. Gecko gutted it Dried product Into Chinese medicine, the name "Tianlong", there Tonifying lung Kidney and benefit Essence and blood The effect of relieving cough and asthma, relieving spasm and expelling wind and dispersing swelling can be treated Lymphatic tuberculosis , neuralgia , chronic arthritis , Breast mass .

gecko

gecko Gekko gekko, alias: gecko , scale snake, synsnake. The body size is larger, the total length is more than 300 mm. The snout scales are broad and do not cut the nostrils. Big head, presented triangle . Nostrils near the rostral end. The earhole is oval, its diameter is Eye diameter One half. No moving eyelids. Each limb has 5 fingers (toes), which remain webbed, the end is enlarged, and the bottom has a single line of flaps. The first finger (toe) has no claw, the remaining four fingers (toe) have all unguiculus . The tail is thick and its length is equal to the body length. Body back Purplish grey , mixed with brick red and Bluish grey Spots; The tail is dark gray, with wide, irregular stripes.

gecko It mainly lives in limestone mountains and caves. He sleeps during the day and comes out at night to hunt insects. Eggs are laid between May and August, with two eggs laid at a time and incubated for about 3 months.

gecko^[3]

This species is mainly native to Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, but also distributed in Fujian. It belongs to the third category of countries Protect animals . "Gecko" is a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has the functions of nourishing Yin and tonifying lung, invigorating blood, relieving asthma and relieving cough.

Lepidopteridae

Lepidopteridae Pygopodidae consists of 35 ~ 36 species in 7 genera Australia And the surrounding area. The ancestor of Lepidopod was probably the Australian tiger, which had some characteristics similar to the gecko, such as immobility of the eyelids, but was very different in size from the gecko. Lepidopteridae members without forelimbs, hind limbs degenerate into scale It's very similar in appearance to a snake, but with Ear piercing Exists. Most members of Lepidopteridae are less than half a meter long, have short snouts, burrow and prey on insects, and Australian snake lizard Members of the genus are more than half a meter long, have long muzzles, and prey on other lizards. The Australian snake lizard Lialis burtonis is also the most widespread member of the lepidopteridae family, and is found not only almost throughout the continent of Oceania, but also in the genus New Guinea South.

Nyctidae

Nyctidae There are 18 to 26 species of Xantusiidae in 3 genera America Central from the southwestern United States to Panama Between, also seen Cuba . The night lizard family has a flat body, no moving eyelids, and is more active at night, similar to the gecko, but its relationship to the gecko is unclear, and it has also been placed in Skink .

Diposauridae

Diposauridae Dibamidae consists of 11 to 16 species in 2 genera Southeast Asia As little is known about the burrowing lizard, Categorical status Variable. Only the male members of the family have short hind limbs, degenerated eyes, and small bodies earthworm It looks easy on the outside Blind snake Without feet skink Or minor Snake lizard Confusion. Some have placed it in the suborder Skink, while others have listed it as a separate suborder.

Skink family

lacertiformes

Skink family There are 1,200 to 1,300 species of Scincidae in 85 genera, the largest family of lizards. Skinkae are distributed throughout the world, but have the highest number of species in southern Asia and Oceania, while fewer species exist in Europe, northern Asia, and the Americas, where members of other families of the suborder skinkae thrive. Members of the Skink family include from Tropical rainforest There are many different types of climbing members to the desert who can swim in the sand, some with full limbs, and some with varying degrees of degradation, of which nearly half are ovoviviparity . Most skinkidae members are relatively small, but there are some larger members, and these large skinkidae are distributed in Oceania, the largest of which is Solomon Islands the Solomon's lizard ( Monkey tail skink Corucia zebrata, up to 80 cm in length, is an arboreal member with similar species monkey A tail that can be wound. The second largest are Oceania and New Zealand Guinea Several species of island lizard ( Blue tongue skink Tiliqua, the largest of which can reach 60 cm in length, has a stout build. Oceania and southern Asia have other, more exotic skink species, such as those found in New Guinea trigone The lizard Triboonotus has three resemblors on its back crocodile The large scale of.

The skink is of Eumeces

A genus of the family Skinkidae. The body is about 100 mm long. The body is cylindrical; The whole body is compound round scale, tiled arrangement, the scale descended from the dermis Bone lamella . Large scales arranged symmetrically on the top of the head, small eyes, well-developed eyelids, round pupils, eardrum Deep down; Tongue length And flat, the front end is slightly lacking. Tail length exceeds body length, subject to strong interference, easy to cut off its tail, can regenerate after breaking. About 35 species are known from Asia, Africa and the Americas. 6 kinds produced in China, except Yellow skink It is distributed in northwest and North China, and the other 5 species are mainly distributed in Central China , South China Southwest and Taiwan. Among them, there are widely distributed and large numbers of skink, Blue-tailed skink . Skink is commonly found in hills and mountains from 100 to 1800 meters above sea level, along highways, roadside in forests, tea hills, vegetable beds, corn fields, ditches and leaves under forests trunk Or on the roots of trees. Prey on insects. ovipary . It has the habit of protecting eggs. 5 to 6 eggs per egg.

Skink

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EDITOR

Scincomorpha is the largest group of lizards in the suborder Scincomorpha, which includes nearly half of all lizards. Most of them have typical lizard size, but some have lost limbs, and many members can regrow their tails.

Afrosauridae

Afrosauridae The Cordylidae is a small African family with heavy scales and has been divided into Cordylidae and Cordylidae Geraniidae Gerrhosauridae Two distinct families. Ringtail lizard family 4 genera 52 species, distributed in the African continent, the body of the scales are not only heavy, but also often spiny, with a very good ability, one of the most famous is living in the southwest African desert Armadillo ring-tailed lizard Cordylus cataphractus, can be like armadillo or pangolin So you ball up your body to protect yourself, and when you ball up, you bite the tip of your tail with your mouth. There are 32 species in 6 genera, of which 4 genera are distributed in Africa and 2 genera are distributed in Madagascar, and their scales are not spiny.

lacertidae

1. The genus Takydromus

lacertidae Of the 1 genus. There are large scales arranged symmetrically on the head, and large scales arranged longitudinally on the back, and large scales nearly square on the abdomen. Ventral thigh near anal side groin Brood 1 to 5 pairs. When subjected to strong interference, the tail is easy to cut itself, and can regenerate after breaking. The back of the body is greenish-brown, the ventral side is grayish-white, and the underside of the body is green. The hatchlings are often reddish-brown under the tail. The body is slender, about 50 to 60 mm, and the tail is slender, more than twice the body length. About 10 species are known in the world and are distributed in Vietnam , Burma Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Soviet Siberia. There are 6 kinds in China and the common ones are Takydromus japonicus , Takydromus japonicus and The white banded grass lizard , mainly distributed in central and southern China Southwest China . The northern grass lizard inhabits thick grass or short grass in hills, plains and mountains at altitudes of 180 to 1750 meters shrubbery In Hangzhou, the activity time and eating habits are: the most around 11 o 'clock in early April, more individuals are seen at 9 to 11 o 'clock and 15 to 16 o 'clock in August, and the most at 12 to 13 o 'clock at the end of October. It feeds on insects, mainly in spring locust , Leaf roller larva , mouseworm and Bathyanthid ; Eat mainly in summer Orthoptera Insects (e.g. locusts, katydid ), also eat Winter moth Larval sum Coleoptera Insects. Late August in Fujian Wuyi Mountain The eggs were collected, 4 ~ 6 eggs per litter, oval, milky white, egg diameter 9 ~ 11 mm ×11.5 ~ 14.5 mm. The hatchlings are 74 to 82 mm in length and 51 to 60 mm in tail.

2. Japalura Japalura

Genus of the family Lizards having flattened lateral bodies and often iguana scales of varying dorsal sizes. scapuloanterior skew Pleats, pleats Color depth , by fine scales. The length of the head is 1.5 times the width of the head, and the rostral ridge and the superior ciliary ridge are obvious. temporalis Slightly raised, eardrum exposed or scaly. The tongue is short, slightly notched or slightly forked at the front. The head is less than 100 mm long and the tail is about 200 mm long. There are about 22 species. Be mainly distributed in Himalayas , Ryukyu Islands Indonesian, Chinese Hengduan Mountains . 11 species are produced in China, distributed in Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Taiwan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu. Distributed in but abundant in Grass green dragon lizard and Dragon lizard . japalura It inhabits mountains from 300 to 3500 meters above sea level or Intermontane basin The road side, slope Kankami Under the bush, in the rubble by the river, in the forest clearing, in the barren slope between the withered grass or on the old wall beside the vegetable field.

3. Eremias is a genus of eremias

lacertiformes

A genus of lizardidae. The body length is not more than 100 mm. The kiss is narrow, the edge of the kiss is not obvious. The large scale of the head is symmetrically arranged, the tympanic membrane is large and bare, the back is all granular scale, the abdominal scale is larger than the dorsal scale, nearly square, toward Ventral median line Arranged in diagonal rows. There is an obvious skin fold forming collar circumference from both sides of the front shoulder to the abdomen, collar circumference Free edge It is a larger scale. The fingers and toes are scaled below, and the ventral surface of the thigh is present Femoral pore . The tail length is more than 1.5 times the body length. About 50 species are known and occur in Asia, Europe, temperate and Africa Warm temperate zone . China produces 9 species, mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and North China, for grassland and desert typical animals. Some species spread southeast to Jiangsu and northern Anhui, but not beyond the Yangtze River. Eremias elegans It lives in meadows, grasslands, beaches and hillsides at an altitude of 250 to 1250 meters brushwood Medium. It feeds on various insects and arachnids. Eggs are laid at the end of April, with two to four eggs per egg size of 12 to 14 mm. July First break The young hatched at the end of August, with a total length of 17 to 19 mm when hatched.

4. Ambrosauridae Teiidae

The American lizard family is the New World counterpart of the family, which has been further divided into the American lizard family Teiidae and the family Teiidae Gymnocephalidae Gymnophthalmidae Two families. There are 100 to 186 species in 9 genera of the American lizard family Teiidae, which are distributed in North and South America and can be divided into two groups according to their size. The large members, such as Dracaena guianensis and Tupinambis teguixin in South America, can be more than 1 meter long. The flashing lizard is similar to the crocodile, semi-aquatic, and also has crocodile-like armor, and the double-collared lizard is similar to the monitor lizard, making up for the gap in the Western Hemisphere. The most famous of the small members of the American lizard family is the limb-footed lizard or whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus, the northernmost member of the American lizard family and a member of the United States. There are 130 ~ 186 species in 30 genera, distributed in all parts of the Americas south of Mexico, and the most abundant in tropical South America. Members of the family Gymnophthalmus underwoodi are small and typical of lizards, such as the Gymnophthalmus underwoodi, which is similar in size to the common skink. There are also some species of gymnocephalus with varying degrees of limb degradation, and unlike other lizards with limb degradation, Gymnocephalus members have more hind limb degradation than forelimb degradation, and there are only forelimb species.

Basilosauria

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EDITOR

Basilosauria Anguimorpha has few surviving species, but boasts some of the most remarkable lizards of modern and prehistoric times, including the venomous living lizard, the largest living lizard, and the largest lizard of prehistoric times. Prehistoric giant lizards were much larger than today's, Pleistocene When living in Oceania large monitor It's at least twice the size of the largest living monitor lizard, and the largest lizard ever lived in the oceans during the Cretaceous period mosasaur Mosasaur, the largest body length of more than 10 meters, was the hegemon in the ocean at that time, and the monitor lizard has a close relationship. Members of Basilosauria have some characteristics close to snakes, which may include ancestral types of snakes. Some have merged the Basilosauria with the Skink, while others have further divided it into two suborders.

Basilosauridae

There are more than 90 to 110 species in 10 to 13 genera, Anguidae, which can be divided into four distinct subfamilies, two of which have full limbs and the other two have no limbs and look like snakes or earthworms. The two able-bodied subfamilies, Gerrhonotinae and Diploglossinae, are confined to the New World. There are nearly 40 species of Pleurosauridae, ranging from southwest Canada to the Americas tropics The district, which is in Mexico and Guatemala The most variety. Lateral pleated lizards are either arboreal or terrestrial, with arboreal members having prehensile tails. There are 37 species in 3 genera, many of which are found in the Caribbean islands, as well as in other parts of tropical America. Members of Ophiosauria have many skink-like bodies with small limbs, among which South America The amputated lizard Ophiodes has only underdevelopment The hind limbs are similar in appearance to members of the basilosauridae. The snake lizard subfamily Anguinae is the most famous of all the pedal lizards and is widely distributed, except North America Exterior and inside Eurasia And northern Africa can also be seen, is the undergraduate visible Old World On behalf of... Members of the basilosauridae look very similar to snakes, but have movable eyelids, pierced ears, and a tail that can amputate itself. The serpent lizard subfamily has the largest member of the undergraduate body, which is brown Ophisaurus japonicus Ophiasuarus apodus is up to 1.4 metres long. Another subfamily without feet is the Anniellidae, which is found only in the Americas California It is represented by Anniella pulchra, a northern worm, and Anniella geroniensis, a southern worm from the California Peninsula of Mexico. The worm is small, burrowing like an earthworm, with moving eyelids but no piercing ears. Vermicularis are common in subfamily Be upgraded For separate families.

Allosauridae

Allosauridae The family Xenosauridae includes 3 to 6 species of different lizards in North America and the Chinese Alligator lizard Since the 21st century, the two groups have tended to be divided into Diallosauridae and Diallosauridae Champsauridae They are medium sized and have crocodile-like bodies Scale and shell Ovoviviparous. Different lizards are distributed from Mexico to Guatemala and adapt to a variety of living environments. Alligator lizards are only found in parts of western China and are semi-aquatic.

Helodermatidae

Helodermatidae Helodermatidae includes two species from North America Gila monster From the southwestern United States to northwestern Mexico Blunt-tailed gila lizard Heloderma suspectum and spread from Mexico to Guatemala Pacific littoral Gila heloderma Heloderma horridum, they are the only venomous lizards in existence, with viper Different. Gila lizards have lower fangs. It can grow up to 1 meter in length and lives in tropical deciduous forests scrub In the region, the blunt-tailed gila is almost half the size and lives in the desert and steppe . Gila lizards are slow moving carnivore It mainly eats young mice in the cave, but also eats bird eggs and other foods.

Heloderma Heloderma

1 genus of the family Ambrosauridae. The body is thick and the tail is short, the appearance is clumsy, and the body surface is ornate, with dark mesh on a yellow or orange background. The head is slightly flattened, and the dorsal side and lateral limbs are covered with large bony plates. There are two species: the gila lizard is distributed in the southwest of the United States, with a total length of about 500 mm; It is found in Mexico and is 900 mm long. There are 8 cervical vertebrae. No temporal arch, just a few Palatine tooth and Pterygoid tooth . In small size mammal He feeds on the eggs of lizards and birds and reptiles. Mating in July, late July to mid-August in the open area of about 125 mm deep burrow, and then in the hole to lay 3 to 7 eggs, egg diameter (67 ~ 75) x (33 ~ 39) mm, white, thin and rough shell. Incubation period is 28 ~ 30 days. The gila lizard has a lower jaw Poison gland The venom is injected into the mouth through a catheter and then through a furrow in the fangs into the wound bitten by the gila lizard. A man bitten by a gila lizard Sense of pain But it is rarely fatal.

Borosauridae

Borosauridae The Lanthanotidae, also known as the Ambrosauridae, is represented only by the Borneo lizard or the ambrosauridae Lanthanotus borneensis. Brosauridae is a cross between Ambrosauridae and varanidae In appearance, it resembles a member of Allosauridae. The Borneo lizard has no piercing ears, is semi-burrowing and lives in Borneo Sarawak The riparian forest, but people know very little about it.

varanidae

lacertiformes

There are 34 to 56 species of Varanidae in 1 genus, mainly distributed in Oceania, but also found in Africa and tropical Asia. The Monitor lizard family includes the largest extant lizards, the most famous of which are found in Indonesia The Lesser Sunda Islands

subinsular The Komodo dragon Varanus komododensis, which can be more than 3 meters long and weigh up to 165 kilograms, and Varanus salvadorii, a yellow-spotted monitor lizard from New Guinea, have unreliable records of up to 5 meters long, but less than 3 meters are reliable. The yellow-spotted monitor lizard is much thinner than the Komodo dragon and much lighter in length. There are also some small species of monitor lizards, such as those found in Oceania The short tailed monitor lizard Varanus brevicauda was only 12 cm long. Monitor lizards eat animal foods, the largest Komodo dragon can eat large mammals, small species are the main diet of insects, many other monitor lizards eat a wide range of foods, including carrion Birds' eggs and any small animals they can catch.

varanurus Varanus

lacertiformes

Only 1 genus of the lizard family Monitoridae. The body is stout, the limbs are developed, and the claws are sharp. The head is relatively small and the kiss is slightly longer. Tail is long, edging . Muscular abundance is a powerful self-defense weapon. Thickly covered all over graininess Scales. Bony plate degenerated or missing. About 30 species are found in Africa and southern Asia to Australia. Except for the short tailed monitor lizard produced in Australia, the total length is only about 20 cm, the rest are large, the largest produced in Indonesia The Komodo dragon It is 4 meters long. These large lizards are often mistaken for crocodilians . The superior temporal arch was intact, with no palatine or pterygoid teeth and 9 cervical vertebrae. Most are terrestrial and adept at climbing, while many species are adept at wading and can swim far from shore to sea. carnivory Large prey on pigs or deer. Oviparous. The meat is edible; The leather is used for leather, and can be made into wallets and watchbands with exquisite patterns. A kind of monitor lizard produced in China, published in Guangdong, Hainan (Province) It is also found in Southeast Asia and can reach a total length of more than 1 meter. The young monitor lizards have bright black stripes with yellow eye spots. The black expands with time, mixed with yellow, forming black and yellow mottles. The abdomen is yellowish-white. It lives near water in mountainous areas and feeds on frogs, fish and small mammals. From June to July, 15 to 31 eggs are laid in the bank cave or in the tree hole near the water. The egg diameter is about 70 mm ×40 mm, and the shell is flexible.