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Tibetan antelope
Pantholops hodgsonii
) : It is of the order artiodactyla, Bovidae, and Tibetan antelope
mammal
. The body length is 120-140 cm, the tail length is 14-16 cm, and the shoulder height is 65-70 cm. Males have straight, elongated horns, about 55-62 cm long, with distinct transverse edges near the base. Females are slightly smaller. The species has a broad and long head, a stout snout, a broad and slightly raised snout, and a hemispherical swelling of the nasal cavity on both sides. The back fur is thick and dense. The upper body is light brown, and the lower neck, chest, abdomen and inner limbs are all white. Back coat color is the same back, tail side and tail tip white, tail ventral surface bare.
It inhabits alpine grasslands, meadows and alpine deserts at an altitude of 3700 to 5500 meters, foraging in the morning and evening, and is good at running. It can form large herds of tens of thousands of animals. In summer females migrate north along a fixed route. Due to years in the environment below zero, the whole body is covered with thick fur. Food with
The grass family
and
Sedge family
In winter, it gnaws on hay stems and dead leaves, has a strong ability to tolerate drought, and obtains water through plants and snow most of the time. It is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang) of China with the Qiangtang as the center, and is rarely found
Ladakh
Area.
[5]
In 2024, it was learned from the National Forestry and Grass Administration that after years of protection, the number of rare and endangered species in China has been stable and rising. The wild population of Tibetan antelope has recovered from 60,000 to 70,000 in the late 1990s to more than 300,000 now.
[33]
- Chinese name
- Tibetan antelope
- Latin name
- Pantholops hodgsonii
- alias
- Tibetan antelope , longhorn
- Foreign name
-
English Chiru, Tibetan Antelope
French Antilope du Tibet, Tchirou
Spanish Antilope del Tibet
Zang-ling yang in Chinese
Devon Tschiru unfold - world
- animalia
- The door
- Chordate phylum
- The outline
- mammalia
- Orders,
- artiodactyla
- Families,
- Bovidae
- Belong to
- Tibetan antelope
- Kind of
- Tibetan antelope
- subphyla
- Vertebrate subphyla
- subclass
- Eutheria
- subfamily
- Antelopinae
- subspecies
- subspecies-free [24]
- Namers and years
- Abel, 1826
- Protection level
- Near critical (NT) IUCN Standard, China" National list of wildlife under special protection Level 1 [3] [8]
- Synonymous scientific name
- Antilope hodgsonii Abel, 1826 [32]
The origin of the Tibetan antelope provides an interesting example of an endemic species on the Tibetan Plateau, whose ancestors can be traced upwards to late
Miocene Epoch
. In the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau
Qaidam Basin
, Kuyang
Qurliqnoria
) is a kind of extinction
bovid
It has a straight, upward angular center and has long been considered the ancestor of the Tibetan antelope. A broken horn heart of Kuyang was also found in the early Pliocene strata of Qaidam Basin. Importantly, late Miocene mammals in the Qaidam Basin have begun to show some level of localization. Some special cattle, such as
The Qaidam Beast
(
Tsaidamotherium
), Ao Ling (
Olonbulukia tsaidamensis
), Ku Sheep, Tosu sheep (
Tossunnoria
), there is another
forkhorn
It is almost exclusively distributed in the Qaidam area. A Pleistocene extinct species of Tibetan antelope
Pantholops hundesiensis
It was found at a high altitude near the Niti Pass near the India-China border. Assuming that the Kuyang is as closely related to the Tibetan antelope as its horn-heart morphology suggests, the Tibetan antelope's Tibetan plateau origin is quite plausible.
[2]
Ancient Chinese mythology
The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
The "eye sheep" recorded in the book is very similar to the Tibetan antelope. Modern Tibetan antelope are much larger than their ancestors thousands of years ago. Ten million years ago,
Himalayas
The intense mountain building movement ushered in, the forests of northern Tibet disappeared, and various animals fled or accelerated their evolution. The native species Tibetan antelope,
Wild yak
,
Wild donkey
And they've been sticking to it. Ten thousand years ago, the elevation of northern Tibet rose again, and the climate became more cold and dry. During the long-term evolution process, the Tibetan antelope showed the characteristics of adapting to the high-cold and low-oxygen environment, both in terms of morphology and body. Today, located in the subtropical latitudes of the northern Tibetan Plateau, high altitude, sufficient light, thin air, Tibetan antelope has become the dominant species here. In order to breathe more oxygen, the antelope has a large mouth, with enlarged nasal passages and bulging on both sides to increase air contact. The quality of Tibetan antelope fuzz is recognized around the world, which is the main reason for their poaching. Those hollow structures are covered in dense layers on the body, which can insulate the sun and wind and cold during snowstorms. From June to October every year, the long hair changing period begins, creating a rhythm of warm winter and cool summer, just like bringing its own blanket air conditioning. To avoid wolves,
lynx
,
Snow leopard
Other carnivores, Tibetan antelope can run at an average speed of 80 kilometers per hour, especially the small Tibetan antelope was born only three days after calcification, can run faster than wolves. In addition, Tibetan antelope are accustomed to swarm, especially during seasonal migration, often thousands of sheep advance and retreat together, which can also reduce the risk of predation.
[1]
Tibetan antelope
The Tibetan antelope is also the same size
A surname
Similar, but larger than the yellow sheep, also appears robust. Body length 120-140 cm, tail length 14-16 cm, shoulder height 65-70 cm, weight 45-60 kg. The coat of the whole body is very rich and fine, pale brown, slightly dyed pink, the abdomen, the inner limbs are white, the male face and the leading edge of the limbs are black or dark brown. The head is broad and long, the male has a thick, hairy snout, a broad upper lip, and no infraorbital glands. The nose is swollen and slightly raised, the nasal cavity is broad and bulbous to the sides, the nose is hairy, and the nostrils are large and slightly curved down. Each nostril also has a small sac, which is used to help breathe on the thin air of the plateau, so as to facilitate fast running. The limbs are strong and well-proportioned, and the hooves are flat and pointed. The tail is short and the end is pointed. The 鼷 part of the mouse has two symmetrical, leather-like 鼷 glands, which are very developed and can secrete a fragrant yellow-brown secretion.
[25 to 26]
The female has no horns. The male animal has horns, horns are special, there are more than 20 obvious transverse edges, slender like a whip, black shiny, almost vertical upward from the top of the head, only the smooth horn tip slightly tilted inward, the length is generally about 60 cm, the longest record is 72.4 cm, very beautiful. Because the two horns are very well proportioned, from the side, it looks like there is only one horn, so it is called "unicorn" or "corner".
[26]
It inhabits high-altitude plains, desert meadow plateaus, plateau grasslands and other environments at an altitude of 3,250-5,500 meters, rolling hills and mountain valleys, consisting of alpine and desert grasslands and meadows, characterized by low vegetation coverage and low primary productivity. Especially like the flat grassy beach near the water source. Tibetan antelope live in areas with an east-west span of 1,600 km, and most populations are highly migratory or nomadic, moving up to 300-400 km between summer and winter. Seasonal migration is an important ecological feature. Because the female antelope lambing land is mainly in Wulan Wula Lake, Zhuonai Lake, Hoh Xili Lake, Sun Lake and other places. The selection and preference of the birth place is the plain grassland with gentle slope, moderate density of grazing animals, and only in the low altitude area.
[3]
The activities of the Tibetan antelope are very complex, some Tibetan antelope will live in the same place for a long time, and some have the habit of migration. Female and male Tibetan antelope have different activity patterns. Adult females and their offspring migrate 300 km each year from their winter mating grounds to their summer lambing grounds. Young males leave the colony and join other young or adult males until a mixed colony is formed. Tibetan antelope live in an area that spans 1,600 kilometers from east to west, and seasonal migration is an important ecological feature of Tibetan antelope. Because the lambing land of female antelope is mainly in Ulan Ulla Lake, Zhuonai Lake, Hoh Xili Lake, Sun Lake and other places, at the end of April every year, the male and female antelope begin to live in groups, and the male and female calves will be separated from the female antelope, to May and June, the female sheep and its female calves migrate to the lambing land to give birth, and then the female antelope return to the original road with the young, to complete a migration process.
[27]
The activities of the Tibetan antelope are very complex, some Tibetan antelope will live in the same place for a long time, and some have the habit of migration. Female and male Tibetan antelope have different activity patterns. Adult females and their offspring migrate 300 miles a year from their winter mating grounds to their summer lambing grounds. Young males leave the colony and join other young or adult males until a mixed colony is formed.
[27]
Tibetan antelope migration may result from a kind of "collective memory of the population". About 4,000 to 8,500 years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was in a warm and wet period, and forests and shrubs extended to a large extent in Hoh Xil. As Tibetan antelope prefer to live in open grassland, the population began to migrate to the colder north. In winter, as the north is covered with snow, the leaves in Hoh Xil and further south begin to fall off, and the antelope migrate south to find food. From year to year, from generation to generation, seasonal migration became the collective memory of the Tibetan antelope population and still influences their behavior today.
[14]
Tibetan antelope are timid and often hide in the rock cave, or dig a small shallow pit in a relatively flat place, hiding the whole body inside, only exposing the head, both to avoid the wind and sand, and to find the enemy. Tibetan antelope is good at running, its two hind legs between the armpit of the subcutaneous growth of a diameter of about 2 cm round hole, the hole there is a leather cover, running up, this hole makes the hind legs subcutaneous inflated into a skin bag, making it light as flying, the highest speed of up to 80 kilometers.
[30] 29 -
Tibetan antelope mainly forage in the early morning and late afternoon. But in winter and spring, when food conditions are relatively poor, their foraging time is extended, so they can often be seen around during the day; In summer and autumn, when food is abundant, they rest at noon by lakes, riverbanks or lower recesses. They come out in the morning and evening to forage for weeds of the grass family and sedge family by streams, and eat lower plants such as moss, needle grass with yellow flowers, and pioneer lichens. Usually form 3-5, or about 10 small groups of activities, escape when the male beast in front, followed in turn, very orderly. But sometimes it suddenly starts running around like crazy because a maggot has burrowed into its ass. Its wide nasal cavity is conducive to breathing, so it can run on the thin air of the plateau, up to 80 kilometers per hour, often make wolves and other carnivores look at the sigh.
[29]
In addition, when the Wolf suddenly approaches, the Tibetan antelope group often does not flee in all directions, but gathers together, bows its head, and confronts the Wolf with its long horn as a weapon, which often makes the Wolf unable to start and has to give up. At the end of winter and the beginning of spring is the mating season, the male is in an excited state, the appetite is reduced, and the body is wasted. Each male controls about 10-20 females and keeps them under strict guard so that no female escapes or is taken away by another male.
[6]
[10]
If other males are found approaching, they will step forward, lower their heads, shout, and strike with their horns. Interestingly, losers often turn around and run away for a while, and then slowly follow them until they have to give up after many failures. At other times, the male will point his anus at the female, strike the ground with his hoof, bend his tail and bow his head, and make a contemptuous cry, indicating that he is no longer willing to lead them. The females are free to disperse and look for other males.
[6]
[10]
The main vegetation types in Hoh Xil are the alpine grassland and alpine meadow favored by Tibetan antelope, and the main plants are
Stipa purpurea
,
Cymbidium
,
Carex qingzangensis
, leguminous
Oxytropis
and
Bluegrass curvata
Let's wait. The antelope's favorite food is
Rhodiola rosea
In the foothills of Tibetan antelope activities, there are generally distributed pieces of thick and red rhodiola leaves. Tibetan antelope feed mainly on grasses and sedges. In winter, they eat hay stems and dead leaves. They have a strong ability to tolerate drought. Most of the time, they get water from plants and snow.
[14]
[28]
原产地：中国（新疆、青海、西藏）和印度。
Seasonal uncertainty: India (Jammu and Kashmir).
Extinct: Nepal.
[3]
It is distributed in the Tibetan Plateau of China, with the Qiangtang as the center, to the north of Lhasa in the south, to the Kunlun Mountains in the north, to the northern Qamdo region of Tibet and southwest Qinghai in the east, and to the China-India border in the west.
[3]
Distribution map of Tibetan antelope [3]
The females of this species have to travel thousands of miles to Hoh Xil to give birth. Zhuonai Lake and Taiyang Lake are rich in aquatic grasses and have few natural enemies. Abundant food and a relatively safe environment are conducive to the production and growth of Tibetan antelope. The water quality of Zhuonai Lake and Sun Lake contains some special substances that are conducive to the survival of mother and calf. After centralized lambing, Tibetan antelope leave the lambing field and may return to the population that is not where it was before. This will facilitate the exchange of genes and increase the genetic diversity of the species, thus contributing to the continuation of the Tibetan antelope population.
[4]
The composition and number of Tibetan antelope varies according to sex and time period. Females are between 1.5 and 2.5 years old, reach sexual maturity, go through a 7-8 month gestation period, and generally give birth to their first litter between 2 and 3 years old. The pups are born in mid to late June or late July, one litter at a time. Mating usually takes place between late November and December. Males typically need to protect 10-20 females.
[4]
-
2008 - Endangered (EN),
-
2016 - Near Critical (NT). [3]
In India, except in the special cases of Zahmo and Kashmir, the trade of Tibetan antelope is also prohibited under the Indian Wildlife protection Act.
[3]
One of the serious consequences of poaching has been a dramatic decline in the Tibetan antelope population. The survey data from the late 1980s to the early 1990s showed that the distribution density of Tibetan antelope was 0.2-0.3 per square meter in the southwest of Qinghai in the winter of 1986, and 0.2 per square meter in the eastern Qiangtang Nature Reserve in 1991, and the number of Tibetan antelope in a cluster of more than 2000 can be seen. A 1994 survey in the Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang estimated the Tibetan antelope population at 43,700. According to a senior expert who has been engaged in wildlife research on the Tibetan Plateau for many years, the total number of Tibetan antelope in China has dropped sharply to about 50,000-75,000 in 1995, and has risen to 170,000 in 2012 due to the strong protection of the Tibetan people. Since then, no one has seen a herd of more than 2,000 Tibetan antelope. In many places where Tibetan antelope once congregated, only sporadic Tibetan antelope can be seen today. This ancient species is on the brink of extinction.
[11]
Historically, the number of Tibetan antelope has reached as many as one million, but due to the international market demand for Tibetan antelope velvet shahtoosh shawls, they were heavily poached in the last two decades of the 20th century, and their numbers plummeted to just over 50,000 in Tibet in 1995.
[12]
Over the years, Tibet has stepped up its protection of Tibetan antelope, cracked down on illegal activities of hunting and killing Tibetan antelope, and stepped up publicity and law enforcement to increase the number of Tibetan antelope in Tibet from 70,000 in 1999 to more than 100,000.
[12]
In recent years, due to the improvement of ecological environment and the reduction of armed poaching activities, the survival rate of newborn Zingbok has increased and the population has recovered rapidly in Hoh Xili National Nature Reserve, Qiangtang National Nature Reserve of Tibet, Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve of Qinghai and Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, where Tibetan antelope mainly live. By 2014 there were nearly 300,000.
[12]
On January 4, 2021, it was learned from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China that the wild population of Tibetan antelope had recovered to more than 300,000.
[9]
Habitat is still shrinking. For example, the Shuanghu area in the northern Qiangtang Plateau of Tibet was originally an uninhabited area where rare animals such as Tibetan antelope and Tibetan wild donkeys were distributed, but since the mid-1970s, they have gradually migrated to Shuanghu to live and graze, causing hundreds of square meters of suitable habitats around it to be subjected to human disturbance and reduced to pasture.
[11]
Another example is Wulan Wula Lake in western Qinghai and
Solar lake
-
Qusaysee
The area used to be a no-man's land, but many years ago, there were grazing activities around Ulan Ulla Lake; In the latter wider area, thousands of gold prospecters rush in every year, and their digging activities not only destroy the original vegetation, but also greatly aggravate the human disturbance, so that the Tibetan antelope is hardly seen in the area of about 20,000 square meters; The phenomenon of theft, indiscriminate killing and smuggling has not only been prevented so far, the bottom of the Tibetan antelope is very soft, excellent texture, the bottom of the Tibetan antelope fur sold to illegal businessmen at a price of 1000 yuan per kilogram, or a fur price of 700 yuan. After several twists and turns, to some countries as high as tens of thousands of dollars.
[11]
Usually these smuggled Tibetan antelope fur or wool raw materials, through various means to Nepal, India and eventually to Italy or France and other countries. High profits led to a large number of Tibetan antelope hunting, such as in 1990, in the Haixi area of Qinghai Province killed 800, accounting for about 60% of the total number of rare animals poached in the area that year; Tibetan antelope are also hunted regularly by gold prospectors in Qinghai, with more than 1,000 captured between 1989 and 1990. In addition, in the southern margin of Tibet and Xinjiang, indiscriminate killing still occurs from time to time, in addition to meat, male sheep horns are also made into ornaments and so on.
[11]
Other threats include encroachment by humans and livestock, interference by human activities with the migration and movement of the Tibetan antelope, and encroachment on its habitat. Although the Tibetan antelope range is sparsely populated and the climate is harsh, but poachers armed with weapons, continue to invade the Tibetan antelope habitat or waiting on the Tibetan antelope migration route to kill Tibetan antelope. According to the number of Tibetan antelope skins and fur seized by relevant departments in recent years and the analysis of the remains of Tibetan antelope found by relevant units in the distribution areas of Tibetan antelope, the average number of Tibetan antelope poached during the 20-year period from 1980 to 2005 was about 20,000. In addition, due to the serious disturbance of poaching activities, the original activities of Tibetan antelope have been disturbed, which has a serious impact on population reproduction.
[3]
Other important threats include the expansion of livestock grazing into remote and previously unused areas, such as the Qiangtang region where Tibetan antelope share pasture with over 8 million livestock (Harris2008); Construction of roads to promote agricultural expansion and illegal hunting and fencing of pastures on the Tibetan plateau. The construction of the Beijing-Latin American railway threatened to demarcate the range of the Tibetan antelope, but engineering measures such as underpasses have allowed the migration to continue to a certain extent.
[3]
As a typical representative of the Tibetan Plateau fauna, Tibetan antelope has inestimable scientific value. The Tibetan antelope population also makes up the Tibetan Plateau
Natural ecology
An extremely important component of... The Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection of Tibetan antelope. Since China joined the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1981, the Chinese government has strictly banned all trade exports of Tibetan antelope and its products as an Appendix I species. 1988
Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
After the promulgation, The State Council of China immediately approved the release of the "List of National Key Protected Wildlife" identified Tibetan antelope as China's national first-class protected wildlife, and illegal hunting is strictly prohibited. Special protection and management agencies and law enforcement teams have been set up to regularly patrol mountains and monitor Tibetan antelope population activities.
[15]
In order to crack down on the criminal activities of illegally hunting and killing Tibetan antelope, Tibet has set up management bureaus, sub-bureaus and management stations in the Changtang and other localities, counties and townships where Tibetan antelope are distributed. Forestry agencies and personnel in Ngari, Nagqu and Shigatse, 17 counties and 25 townships have been built and strengthened. Seven management stations including Mayi have been set up, equipped with nearly 30 special vehicles for the protection of Tibetan antelope. And equipped with the corresponding communication equipment. From 1999 to 2003, Tibet invested more than 60 million yuan in the construction of facilities, equipment and personnel for the protection of Tibetan antelope. Nearly 400 people are working to protect the antelope. Over the past five years, 346 cases of Tibetan antelope poaching have been solved, and 18 people have been sentenced.
[15]
According to incomplete statistics, since 1990, China's forest public security organs have cracked more than 100 cases of Tibetan antelope poaching, confiscated more than 17,000 hides, more than 1,100 kilograms of Tibetan antelope wool, more than 300 firearms, 150,000 rounds of bullets and 153 vehicles, and arrested nearly 3,000 suspects of Tibetan antelope poaching. Killed 3 poachers.
[16]
Representatives from China, France, India, Italy, Nepal, the United Kingdom, the United States and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China officially issued the Xining Declaration on the Protection and Trade Control of Tibetan Antelope after in-depth discussions and full deliberation. The Declaration detailed the responsibilities of the Tibetan antelope distribution, transit and trade consumers in the protection and control of the Tibetan antelope wool trade, and called on States parties and non-States parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) to provide strict legal safeguards to stop this illegal activity. The official release of this declaration marks the initial formation of international cooperation to combat the poaching of Tibetan antelope and stop the illegal international trade of Tibetan antelope cashmere products, which will greatly promote the protection of Tibetan antelope resources.
[17]
Tibetan antelope is a Class A protected animal in China, and the sale, purchase and use of its own and products are crimes. China was established in 1983 to protect the Tibetan antelope and other rare animals unique to the Tibetan plateau
Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve
It was established in 1992
Qiangtang Nature Reserve
In 1995, Hoh Xil Provincial Nature Reserve was established, and at the end of 1997, it was upgraded to a national nature reserve. Established in 2000
Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
.
[14]
In the early 1990s, in order to protect the Tibetan antelope, Tibet Autonomous Region designated most of the Qiangtang area in northern Tibet, the main habitat of the Tibetan antelope, as a nature reserve, and established the world's largest reserve for terrestrial wildlife types. In 2000, the Changtang Nature Reserve was promoted to a national reserve, which has played an important role in the protection of Tibetan antelope.
[13]
Tibetan antelope are legally protected in China and India, but enforcing the law across vast areas of their habitat has been problematic, although efforts have been made to strengthen it since the early 1990s. Public awareness of Tibetan antelope has increased in China, and some groups have begun to respond. Tibetan antelope are distributed in Qiangtang (300,000 square meters), Hoh Xil (45,000 square meters), Aljinshan (45,000 square meters), Sanjiangyuan (150,000 square meters) national nature reserves and West Kunlun (30,000 square meters), Middle Kunlun (32,000 square meters) provincial nature reserves. These protected area networks are important for Tibetan antelope due to their migratory behavior, with approximately 75% of their migratory routes protected by the network. Since 2002, IFAW has organized and sponsored an annual seminar for nature reserve staff and other officials from the three Chinese provinces (Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang) where Tibetan antelope are concentrated.
[3]
This is to hear a Tibetan story, the story happened many years ago, but every time I drive through the northern Tibet no man's land always can't help but think of the protagonist of this story - the only mother love concentrated in a deep kneeling Tibetan antelope.
At that time, there was no legal punishment for shooting and taking wild animals. To this day, the sound of gunshots in Hoh Xil still lingers in the hard-to-reach corners of the nature reserve where the footprints of the guards patrol. The Tibetan antelope, wild horses, wild donkeys, snow chickens, yellow sheep, etc. that were visible at that time, have now become rare. At that time, people who often run to northern Tibet can always see an old hunter who wears long hair on his shoulders, has a thick beard and wears long Tibetan boots near the Qinghai-Tibet highway. The shiny branch gun slung from him, and behind him were two Tibetan yaks carrying heavy loads of prey. He has no name and no name, traveling around the world, hiding north snow, sleeping in the river at night, cooking yellow mutton by fire when hungry, drinking a bowl of ice and snow water when thirsty. The skins he caught were naturally sold for some money, and he spent more of it on the relief of pilgrims he met along the way than on his own consumption. Those collectors who bow their heads to Lhasa for the Hajj willingly take a long road full of difficulties and dangers. Every time the old hunter in relief of them always tearfully wish: God bless, safe and sound.
Killing and charity coexist in the old hunter. He was prompted to put down his gun after such an event-a very fortunate day for him, it should be said. Early in the morning, he came out of the tent, stretching, and was about to drink a bowl of butter tea, when he suddenly saw a fat and strong Tibetan antelope standing on the opposite grassy slope two steps away from him. His eyes light up. What a treat! After a night's sleep, a fresh energy came into his body. Without hesitation, he turned back to the tent and fetched a branch gun. He raised the gun and aimed it. Strangely, the fat Tibetan antelope did not run away, but looked at him with begging eyes. Then it took two steps toward him and fell to its knees with a plopping of its front legs. At the same time, two long tears came out of its eyes. The old hunter's heart softened, and his trigger hand could not help but loosen. There is an old saying in Tibetan areas: Birds flying in the sky and mice running on the ground are all human beings. At this time, the Tibetan antelope knelt down to him and naturally begged him to spare his life. He's a hunter, and it makes sense that he's not impressed by the Tibetan antelope's compassion. His eyes closed, the trigger pulled under his finger, the gun rang out, and the Tibetan antelope fell to the ground. After it fell to the ground, it was still kneeling, and the two lines of tears in its eyes were clearly left.
On that day, the old hunter did not immediately slaughter and hide the hunted Tibetan antelope as in the past. Always in front of his eyes was the Tibetan antelope that had bowed down to him. He's a little groin. Why would a Tibetan antelope kneel? It was the only thing he had ever seen in his decades of hunting. Lying on the floor at night for a long time, he could not sleep, his hands had been shaking...
The next day, the old hunter opened the skin of the Tibetan antelope with great trepidation, his hands still shaking. His abdomen opened under the blade, he cried out in surprise, and the butcher's knife fell to the floor with a clang... Originally in the womb of Tibetan antelope, quietly lying a small antelope, it has been formed, naturally is dead. At this time, the old hunter understood why the Tibetan antelope's body was fat and strong, and also understood why it had to bend down its heavy body to kneel for itself: it was asking the hunter to leave its children alive!
The worship of all loving mothers in the world, including animals, is sacred.
The old hunter's disemboweled and stopped halfway. That day, he did not go hunting, dug a hole on the hillside, and buried the Tibetan antelope with its unborn child. Buried along with his branch guns... . From then on, the old hunter disappeared on the grasslands of northern Tibet, and no one knew his whereabouts.
[18]
Tibetan antelope have long been sought for their undercoat, cashmere, which is known for its quality and traditionally shipped to Kashmir
Srinagar
Where it is woven into a very fine fabric for making shawls; The shawl made of Tibetan antelope velvet is called"
Shatoosh
It is recognized as the most exquisite and soft shawl in the world. A traditional wedding gift in India and Pakistan. However, it takes 3-5 pieces of sheepskin to make a shawl, and the wool cannot be clipped or combed, so animals must be killed in order to collect the fur. The hunt escalated to a commercial scale in the late 1980s and 1990s, and according to the Chinese government, about 20,000 Tibetan antelope are killed each year, mostly for the production of Shahtoosh. Despite the historical custom of using shahtoosh shawls as dowries in India, the Western fashion industry's pursuit of Shahtoosh was directly responsible for a significant increase in poaching in the late 1980s and early 1990s. China imposed strict controls in the early 1990s, and India banned the trade. Due to high demand and high prices, trade has been severely limited, though not completely eliminated. Shawls cost $1,000-5,000 in India and up to $20,000 internationally.
[3]
[31]
The horned, slightly curved, jet-black antelope, which is a very valuable medicinal material, and the sheep's head can also be processed into high-end ornaments, so the Tibetan antelope has become a target for illegal poachers. In the decade between 1980 and 1989, an estimated 20,000 Tibetan antelope were killed each year for Sahtoosh.
[3]
Among the mascots of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Fuwa
Yingying
It is based on the Tibetan antelope, in order to praise the indomitable vitality of the Tibetan antelope to survive in the harsh environment, indicating the spirit of challenging the limit, and the homophonic meaning of the word "sheep" is "jubilant".
[19]
[23]
The mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games [23]
Tibetan antelope live and reproduce in the uninhabited areas of Tibet for generations, but human beings invade this uninhabited area for profit. At the end of the 20th century, the protection of Tibetan antelope attracted great attention from the society, and many Chinese and foreign film and television producers also turned their attention to it. Among them, Hoh Xil, shot by the sixth generation Chinese director Lu Chuan in 2004, is the most influential. The film shows the living situation of Tibetan antelope and the practical difficulties faced by a group of Tibetan antelope protectors to the audience with the method of documentary. Cause the audience to reflect.
[20]
In addition, there are films about Tibetan antelope.
hunter
", "Me and the Tibetan Antelope"
Hoh Xil
", Sino-French co-produced animation"
Tibetan antelope King
", etc.
China issued a set of 2 Tibetan antelope stamps of 1 kind on July 20, 2003:
[21]
|
signal
|
2003-12
|
category
|
Chronological stamp
|
|
Number of pieces per set
|
2 pieces
|
Printing mode
|
Shadow engraving overprint
|
|
Denomination per set
|
2.80 yuan
|
Issue date
|
The 2003-7-20
|
|
Serial number
|
name
|
Face value
|
circulation
|
|
1
|
Tibetan antelope
|
80 points
|
9.6 million pieces
|
|
2
|
Tibetan antelope
|
200 points
|
8.7 million pieces
|
|
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The finest animal hair:
Endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, the Tibetan antelope has the best natural fibers, with a soft undercoat 7-10 microns in diameter, 10 times thinner than an average human hair. The trade in this mountain antelope wool - known as Shahtoosh (" king of cashmere "in Persian) - has led to a dramatic decline in the Tibetan antelope population. (Guinness World Records)
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