The name of the Republic of Liberia (abbreviated as Liberia) means "liberty" and "liberated". ^[1] is Africa A country in West Africa. North connection Guinea Northwest connection Sierra Leone , the east neighbor Cote d 'Ivoire Southwest of the Atlantic Ocean, the capital Monrovia, a land area of 111,370 square kilometers, Population 5.34 million (2023) ^[12] There are 16 ethnic groups, the larger of which are the Keper, Basa, Dan, Crewe, Grebo, Mano, Loma, Gora, Mandingo, Bell, and black descendants who migrated from the southern United States in the 19th century, and the country is divided into 15 states. ^[1]

9th-10th century, close Sahara Desert Medium West Africa Some residents of the area emigrated to Liberia. Since 1820, in America emancipated Negro slave It was established as the Commonwealth of Liberia in 1839 and declared independence as the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847, with another African American colony established on February 4, 1854 The Republic of Maryland It was incorporated into Liberia in 1857. Since then, more than 100 years have been African American Rule by the descendants of immigrants. ^[1] 1980, local aborigines Klan Samuel Canion Doe Staged a coup d 'etat, established Military government He was elected president in 1985, becoming the first indigenous Liberian to do so black people The President. ^[1] Former government officials in exile in 1989 Charles Taylor Return the troops, Liberian Civil War Eruption. ^[1] The civil war ended in 2003. ^[1]

Liberia is The world's least developed countries One, for Agrarian country The agricultural population accounts for 72% of the total population, 3.8 million hectares of arable land in the country, less than 13% of which has been developed, and food cannot be self-sufficient. ^[1] Liberia 2022 Gross domestic product (GDP) $4.7 billion, Gross domestic product per capita $903, GDP growth of 2.1%. ^[1]

On December 1, 2023, Liberia was also elected A Category A member of the IMO. ^[9]

Chinese name: Republic of Liberia
Foreign name: The Republic of Liberia
Abbreviated form: Liberia
continent: Africa
capital: Monrovia
Major city: Buchanan , Harper, Robertshaven Etc.
National Day: July 26, 1847
National song: Long Live Liberia!
Country code: LBR
Official language: English
currency: Liberian dollar , U.S. dollar
Time zone: UTC+0
Political system: Presidential republic
National leader: Joseph Nyuma Boakai ^[8] (President)
Population number: 5.34 million ^[12] (2023)

Population density: 52.5 people per square kilometer (2020)
Major nationality: African American Descendant, aborigines black people
Major religion: Protestantism , Islam
Land area: 111370 km²
Water area ratio: 13.514%
Total GDP: Four billion dollars ^[12] (2022)
Per capita GDP: $755 ^[12] (2022)
International telephone area code: 231
International domain name abbreviation: .lr
Road access: Keep to the right
The national flower: Black pepper
National motto: "Free love brought us here"
Largest city: Monrovia
climate: Tropical monsoon climate
Leading institution: University of Liberia , Cattington College Etc.

catalogue

▪Industrial and mining industry
▪Agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry
▪Ship registration
▪finance
▪foreign trade
▪Foreign capital
▪Foreign aid
9culture
▪Language
▪religion
▪custom
▪Festivals
▪mores
▪taboo
10Military affairs
▪National defense
▪Military strength
11traffic

Historical evolution

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Early history

Before the 12th century, it was sparsely populated Equatorial rainforest The inhabitants of the region, within Liberia, migrated from the north, northeast, and east in the 12th to 16th centuries. Before the colonists invaded, it was still in the stage of scattered tribes and tribal alliances.

After the mid-14th century, Europeans began to explore the coast of Liberia. The Normans arrived in 1364-67. In 1461, the Portuguese Pedro Sintra established strongholds at Cape Grand Mountain and Cape Mesurado, and reached Cape Palmas the following year. The Portuguese had a monopoly on trade along the Gulf of Guinea coast for about a century. The main exports along the Liberian coast at that time were ivory and Maracta pepper, which European traders called "the grain of heaven", hence the name "the grain of Heaven". Grain coast ". After the 16th century, Dutch, British and French merchants also came here to trade activities. ^[2]

American colonization

The abolition of slavery in the United States After the rise, there was a large number of free blacks in society. From the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, some religious philanthropists, social figures and members of Congress in the United States put forward the idea of outward colonization and the repatriation of free blacks to Africa to establish colonies. On December 28, 1816, the American Colonization Society was founded. In March 1819, the United States Congress passed a bill proposed by the American Colonization Society for the repatriation of free blacks to establish colonies in Africa. December 1821, by James Monroe The President's personal representative, E. Ayers, and Navy Captain R.F. Stockton, led a group of free blacks to Cape Mesurado on the Grain Coast. Local Mamba and Dei chiefs were forced by the threat of force by the colonists to "sell" a 130-mile-long, 40-mile-wide patch of coastal land, and in early January 1822, the first African-American settlement was established on Providence Island in Cape Mesurado. After the American immigrants invaded the Grain Coast, the local people of all ethnic groups were strongly dissatisfied, and they constantly fought against the struggle. ^[2]

Establishment of the republic

Joseph Jenkins Roberts

In February 1824, the American Colonization Society named the colony Liberia, after the Latin word for "freedom." The Mesurado colony was named Monrovia in honor of President Monroe. Colonization societies from various states in the United States also established settlements along the Liberian coast. In 1838, eight settlements, Monrovia, New Georgia, and Buchanan, were merged to form the Commonwealth of Liberia, governed by a white governor appointed by the American Colonization Society. September 1841 Joseph Jenkins Roberts He took over as governor, the first black American governor. In 1845, the British merchants refused to pay customs duties in Liberia. In order to protect its sovereignty, Liberia urgently demanded the establishment of an independent sovereign state. The American Colonization Society was no longer able to finance its colony and had to agree to Liberian independence. On July 26, 1847, the Liberian Federation issued the Declaration of Independence, formally declaring independence and establishing the Republic of Liberia. At the same time, a constitution of the Republic of Liberia modeled on the Constitution of the United States was promulgated, and the system of state power and institutions were modeled on that of the United States. Joseph Jenkins Roberts was elected the first president. ^[2]

First Republic

William Duberman

After independence, Liberia continued to expand into the hinterland. In February 1857, the Colony of Maryland joined the Republic of Liberia. The True Independence Party came to power in 1878, and the regime was long dominated by the Liberian American elite. The United States loosened its grip on Liberia after the Civil War. After 1871, Liberia was forced to sign several border treaties with the British and French colonialists, resulting in the loss of about 40% of its original territory. In the early 20th century, the United States continued to strengthen its influence in Liberia, gradually squeezing out the British power. In 1912, in order to save its financial crisis, Liberia was forced to borrow against customs duties and other revenues from an international consortium of the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other countries, with Americans acting as customs director and financial adviser. In 1926, the Firestone Rubber Company of the United States obtained land leases in Liberia to grow rubber and enjoy other interests, becoming a state within a state of Liberia. After the outbreak of the Second World War, the United States took advantage of Liberia's strategic position and built military bases here to further strengthen its military, political and economic control over Liberia.

In 1944, William Duberman During his 28 years as president, he adopted a series of reforms in political and economic fields, carried out a policy of national unity at home, gave local residents with real estate the right to vote and representation in parliament, and amended certain laws that discriminated against local residents. We will adopt an open door policy and actively encourage foreign investment. Tubman died in July 1971, William Richard Tolbert The next president. After the 1970s, the economic situation of Liberia deteriorated, the conflict between the upper Liberian ruling group and the local population intensified, and the labor movement continued to rise. Rebel groups such as the Alliance for the Advancement of Liberia and the Movement for Justice in Africa have emerged among the local population. On April 14, 1979, a mass demonstration against an increase in rice prices broke out in Monrovia. There was an armed crackdown. ^[2]

Second Republic

Samuel Canion Doe

On April 12, 1980, the Klan Samuel Canion Doe 17 soldiers led by the Master Sergeant launched a military coup, killed President Tolbert, overthrew the rule of the True Independence Party in power for 103 years, and set up a military government headed by Doe. In July 1984, the military government held a national referendum to adopt a new constitution. Presidential and parliamentary elections were held in October 1985, and Doe was elected President. The government continues to pursue an open door policy in the economy; We will pursue a policy of non-alignment and maintain and develop friendly relations with all peace-loving countries. ^[2]

Civil war

Charles Taylor

On 24 December 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia organized rebel forces in Cote d 'Ivoire Charles Taylor He led the invasion into Liberia, where a full-scale civil war broke out.

In July 1990, the RPF entered Monrovia and immediately split into two factions, leaving Liberia in chaos. In August, the Community of West African States sent a peacekeeping force into Monrovia, where it clashed with Taylor's forces. Under the mediation of the international community, the various factions are Gambia capital Banjul A meeting was held to form an "interim Government of National unity". In September, Doe was captured, shot and laid to rest on the streets of Monrovia. In November, Sawyer took office as president of the Interim Government of National Unity, but was opposed by Taylor.

In March 1991, the Liberian civil war spread to neighboring countries Sierra Leone and Guinea . In July 1993, the warring parties met Benin city Cotonou An agreement was reached to establish a five-man Council of State to hold supreme power in the country. In May 1994, a transitional government was formed.

Fighting resumed in 1995 as the factions were dissatisfied with the power-sharing plan. In August, the factions again agreed in Abuja, Nigeria's capital, to replace the five-member Council of State with a six-member council of State. In September, a transitional government was formed again.

In 1996, Taylor's attempt to arrest rival faction leaders led to renewed civil war, and in August, under international pressure, the factions reached another agreement to fully disarm.

Liberia

The seven-year civil war killed 150,000 people, displaced 850,000 and devastated the Liberian economy.

In February 1997, all factions were disarmed and reorganized into political parties. In July, a general election was held. Tyler was elected president. Taylor took control of the country by force, made peace, and set about rebuilding the economy.

However, in 1999, another rebel group emerged in northern Liberia, believed to have the support of the Guinean government, and once again started a civil war. By 2003, Taylor's government controlled less than one-third of the country's territory, and Monrovia was under siege. The Community of West African States, led by Nigeria, is once again sending peacekeepers. On August 11, Taylor announced his resignation to the Vice President Moshe Bula Transfer power and go into exile Nigeria . though Interpol An arrest warrant has been issued for Taylor on charges of corruption and war crimes. Nigeria still refuses to hand him over. It declared that Nigeria would not give up Taylor unless the legitimate Liberian regime made an extradition request.

On October 1, 2003, United Nations peacekeeping forces Took over Liberia and set about disarming all sides in the civil war. ^[2]

Democratic election

On 18 August 2003, the Bura Government signed the Accra Peace Agreement with various political parties and associations, and a transitional National Government was formed in mid-October. Charles Jourd Bryant He was elected Chairman of the National Transitional Government and was sworn in on 14 October.

After a two-year transition, democratic elections were again held on 11 October 2005 under the supervision of the United Nations. In the first round of voting, George Weah Leading the vote, but not by a majority, but in the second round on November 8th, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf The final victory was won. ^[2]

The current president George Weah

On December 27, 2017, George Weah Defeating the candidate of the Congress for Democratic Change and Unity Party, Joseph Boakai, the current Vice President of Liberia, to become the new President of Liberia. ^[3]

Geographical environment

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Regional location

Liberia is located in west Africa, bordering Guinea to the north, Sierra Leone to the northwest, Cote d 'Ivoire to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest, with a coastline of 537 kilometers and a land area of 11,400 square kilometers. ^[7]

Satellite map of Liberia

Climatic characteristics

Liberia has a tropical monsoon climate, with a dry season and a rainy season, usually from December to April, and a rainy season from May to November. The highest temperature in February and March, the outdoor temperature can reach more than 40℃, the lowest temperature appears in August and September, the daytime temperature is 18℃, the average annual temperature is about 25℃. The average annual rainfall is 2500-4000 mm, and the annual rainfall in the capital region is more than 5000 mm, which is the highest in the world. ^[7]

Natural resources

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Mineral resources

Liberia's main mineral resources are iron ore (proven reserves of more than 10 billion tons), with annual production of about 5 million tons. In addition, there are rich deposits of diamonds, gold, bauxite, copper, lead, manganese, zinc, nickel, rutile and cyanite. ^[7]

Forest resources

The forest coverage rate of Liberia is about 59%, accounting for 42% of the total area of the forest belt of Upper Guinea in West Africa, rich in rosewood, mahogany, mahogany, etc. Land resources are abundant, suitable not only for the development of high-quality rubber, but also for the cultivation of rice, cassava, corn, beans, vegetables, palm and coconut trees. There are more than 2,000 kinds of plants, 600 kinds of birds and 125 kinds of mammals. ^[7]

Administrative division

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regionalization

Liberia is divided into 15 states (counties), two of which were added after 2000. ^[7]

Subdivisions of Liberia
County	Area (sq. km)	The capital
Bomi, Bomi	1955	Tubmanburg Tubmanburg
Pangbong	8099	Bonga Gbarnga
Gbarpolu
The Grand Bassa	8759	Buchanan
Grand Cape Mount	5827	Robertshaven Robertsport
Grand Gedeh. Grand Gedeh	17029	Zwedru Zwedru
Grand Kru. Grand Kru		Buckleville Barclayville
Lofa, Lofa	19360	Voinjama Voinjama
Margibi. Margibi	3263	Kakata Kakata
Maryland, Maryland	5351	Harper Harper
Montserrado	2740	Bensonville Bensonville
Nimba. Nimba	12043	Sagolet Sanniquellie
Riverseth River Cess	4385	River Cess, Riverseth City
The River Gee
Sinoe	10254	Greenville, Greenville
Liberia	99065	Monrovia Monrovia

Subdivisions of Liberia

Major city

Centennial Hall

capital Monrovia Monrovia is the political, economic and cultural center of the country, with a population of 1.15 million, located in Cape Mesurado and Bushrod Island along the Atlantic coast of West Africa, and located at the mouth of the Sao Paulo River, it is an important sea gateway in West Africa and the closest port city in Africa to the South American continent. Liberia is a tropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 25 ° C, two seasons of dry season and rainy season, and an average annual precipitation of more than 5000 mm, which is one of the regions with the most rainfall on the West African coast and even in the world, known as the "African rain capital".

Other major economic centers are: Buchanan, capital of Grand Bassa, Greenville, capital of Sinau, Robertsport, capital of Grand Horn Mountains, Harper, capital of Maryland, Gbarnga, capital of Lofa, Voinjama, and Nin Sanniquellie (capital of Ba State), Zwedru (capital of Grand Gedeh State), Tubmanburg (capital of Bomi State), Kakata (capital of Margibi State), Cestos (capital of Riverises State) City), Barclayville, capital of Greater Crewe, Fish Town, capital of Riverj, Bopolu, capital of Bapolu. ^[7]

National symbol

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EDITOR

Country name

The Republic of Liberia. It's called Liberia for short. Other names are "natural rubber Kingdom of Africa", "Gate of Africa", "Merchant ship Kingdom", "Grain coast".

flag

Flag of Liberia

Flag of Liberia It was inaugurated on 26 July 1847. The flag is a horizontal rectangle with a length to width ratio of 19:10. It is composed of 11 parallel horizontal bars alternating with red and white, and the upper left corner is a blue square with a white five-pointed star. The 11 red and white stripes commemorate the 11 signatories of Liberia's Declaration of Independence. Red symbolizes courage, white symbolizes virtue, blue symbolizes the African continent, and the square expresses the good wishes of Liberian people for freedom, peace, democracy and fraternity. The five-pointed star represented the only black republic in Africa at the time.

National emblem

Coat of arms of Liberia

Coat of arms of Liberia Like the national flag, it has a long history. The basic design is an oval emblem divided by sky blue, sea blue and grass green. On the pale blue surface of the Atlantic Ocean, a ship full of sails loaded with freed slaves returned to the land of their ancestors.

A half sun rose above the sea and a huge curtain of gold fell from the sky, heralding the future of this new nation. From the azure depths came a dove carrying a letter of peace, carrying the Gospel to the earth. A tall coconut tree grows in the green land, representing the tropical rainforest of Western Sahara. Farm tools under the trees show that agriculture is the foundation of Liberia.

The coat of arms has a sash on the upper and lower part of the coat of arms with the words "We are here because we love freedom" and "Republic of Liberia" respectively.

National anthem

Long Live Liberia!

Long live Liberia! Long live Liberia! You belong to us forever, glorious free state. The name of the country is renewed, the reputation is far and wide, the national strength is prosperous and strong, the national strength is prosperous and strong. Heart to heart, we are happy and boundless, and hail the liberation of the ignorant nation. Long live, long live, Liberia, a glorious free state created by heaven.

aphorism

The love of liberty brought us here The Love of Liberty brought us here

Population nationality

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EDITOR

5.2 million (2021). It is mainly concentrated in Monrovia, Bonga, Kakata and other cities, with an annual population growth rate of 2.5%. There are 16 tribes in the country and some of the black descendants of immigrants from the southern United States, the official language is English, and each tribe has its own tribal language, of which the Wahi and Bassa two tribes have written languages. ^[7] In 2021, the population will be 5.2 million. ^[1]

Liberia is a multi-ethnic country consisting of 16 ethnic groups, the larger of which are the Keper, Basa, Dan, Krewe, Grebo, Mano, Loma, Gora, Mandingo, Bell, and descendants of black immigrants from the southern United States in the 19th century. In Lihua, the number of people is small, mainly carrying out small commodity trade and other activities. ^[7]

political

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EDITOR

regime

Liberia's Presidential Palace - "Ruling House"

According to the Liberian Constitution, the Liberian regime is Presidential republic To implement the executive, legislative and judicial functions Separation of powers The president is Head of state , too Head of government . Charles Taylor After coming to power, the internal dictatorship was implemented, and the domestic situation was always turbulent. Since the end of 2002, the rebel forces "Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy" (referred to as the LLD) have increased their offensive in Monrovia, the capital. In June 2003, the PDL and another rebel group, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MDL), joined forces with the government Ghana capital Accra Sign a ceasefire agreement. On August 11, under internal and external pressure, President Taylor handed over power to Vice President Bula and went into exile Nigeria . Bullah was installed as interim president. On 18 August, the Bura government signed the Accra Peace Agreement with the PDM, PDM and various political parties and associations, leading to the formation of the National Transitional Government in mid-October.

Since taking office, the National Transitional Government has vigorously promoted the peace process, actively cooperated with the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) in implementing the Disarmament, demobilization, Reintegration and social Integration Plan, stepped up efforts to rebuild the security system including the army and police, and made efforts to restore the national economy. In October 2004, demobilization and demobilization were completed. The political situation in Libya is generally stable.

After President Weah took office, he promoted the implementation of the "poverty alleviation plan" and the political situation was generally stable. When COVID-19 broke out in Liberia in early 2020, the Ethiopian government established a national command system for prevention and control, took emergency measures such as cutting off flights, closing borders and curfews, and gradually lifted the lockdown after the epidemic eased. By April 2023, there were about 8090 confirmed cases and 294 deaths, with a mortality rate of 3.6%. ^[1] ^[4]

constitution

The third Constitution was adopted in 1986. According to the Constitution, the President is the head of state, head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and can serve two terms of six years. Legislative power belongs to Parliament. The president and members of Parliament are directly elected. A multi-party system is adopted, and state power is shared among all parties. ^[1] ^[4]

congress

Parliament building

It is the highest legislative body, divided into two houses. There are 30 seats in the Senate, two for each state. Senators serve nine-year terms and can be re-elected. The number of seats in the House of Representatives is determined by the number of districts, and the total number of seats in the current parliament is 73. Members of the House of Representatives serve six-year terms and are eligible for re-election. ^[1] ^[12]

government

Swearing-in Palace - the place where presidents take office

The current government will be formed in February 2024. The main members are: Foreign Minister Sara Beysolow Nyanti (female), Minister of State for Presidential Affairs Sylvester M. Grigsby, Minister of Finance and Development Planning Boima S. Kamara, Geraldine George, Minister of Defence (Acting), female; Louise Kpoto, Minister of Health (female); Jarso Maley Jallah, Minister of Education (female); Francis Sakala Nyumalin, Minister of the Interior; Wilmot Paye, Minister of Mines and Energy; Jerolinmek M. Piah, Minister of Information, Culture and Tourism; Minister of Post and Communications Sekou Kromah, Minister of Justice Oswald Tweh, Minister of Public Works Roland Giddings, Minister of Agriculture J. Alexander Nuetah, Sirleaf Tyler, Minister of Transport; Amin Modad, Minister of Commerce and Industry; Cooper Kruah, Minister of Labour; Gbeme Horace Kollie, Minister of Gender, Children and Social Protection; Female), Youth and Sports Minister Jeror Cole Bangalu, regardless of Minister Mamaka Bility, female, regardless of Special Affairs Minister Samuel A. Stevquoah, etc. ^[14]

judiciary

National archives

There are supreme courts, local courts and special military tribunals. Judges at all levels are appointed by the President. The Supreme Court consists of one justice and four associate judges. The current Chief Justice is Sie-A-Nyene Gyapay Yuoh, who took office in September 2022. The Attorney General is served by the Attorney General, currently Musa Dean. ^[1]

Political party

The multi-party system is implemented, and there are more than 20 political parties, mainly:

Major political parties in Liberia
Party name	Party information
Unity party (Unity Party)	Established in August 1984, the ruling party. Advocating respect for civil rights and emphasizing solidarity and reconciliation; Advocate the establishment of a good investment environment and the development of private economy; Education and infrastructure should be prioritized. In May 2010, the Action Party (LAP) and the United Party (LUP) were formally merged into the Unity Party. The current leader is Joseph Boakai, and the chairman is Rev. J. Luther Tarpeh.
Alliance for Democratic Change (Coalition for Democratic Change)	Formerly known as the Congress for Democratic Change, it was formed in May 2005. In December 2016, he joined the National Patriotic Party and the People's Democratic Party to form the Alliance for Democratic Change. The ruling party. For peace and solidarity, democracy and good governance; Emphasizing priority development of education and infrastructure; We advocate strengthening international cooperation and seek international support and assistance. The current leader is George Weah. The President is Mulbah Morlu.
Liberal Party (Liberty Party)	It was formed in May 2005 and merged with the United Democratic Party in June of the same year. The current leader is Nyonblee Kanrnga-Lawrence, and the chairman is Stephen Zargo.
The other major parties are the National patriotic Party, the Alliance for Peace and Democracy, and the National Union for Democratic Progress Progress), etc.
Reference materials: ^[12] ^[14]

dignitaries

The PRESIDENT: Joseph Boakai He was born in 1944. In 2005, he was elected vice president as deputy to then-President Sirleaf and was re-elected in 2011. He ran for president in 2017 and lost to Weah. He ran again in October 2023 and won. ^[14] He was sworn in on 22 January 2024 in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia. ^{[11] 10 -}

economy

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EDITOR

summarize

It is one of the least developed countries. An agricultural country, but not self-sufficient in food, underdeveloped industry, rich in mineral resources. The production and export of natural rubber and wood are the main pillars of the national economy. Key economic figures for 2022 are as follows:

Key economic figures for Liberia for 2022
Gross domestic product (GDP)	Four billion dollars
Gross domestic product per capita	$755
GDP growth rate	4.8%
currency	Liberian dollar (Liberian Dollar), U.S. dollar (US Dollar) is the main currency in circulation
Exchange rate	1 US dollar = 189 Li yuan
Inflation rate	7.6%
Source: World Bank ^[12]

Industrial and mining industry

Liberia is rich in mineral resources, with mining output estimated at $462.3 million in 2020, accounting for about 15% of real GDP. Local iron ore reserves are large, as well as rich diamonds, gold, bauxite, copper, lead, manganese, zinc, nickel, barite and kyanite deposits.

10% of the country's population is engaged in mining and manufacturing, and the mineral and energy sectors account for 30% of government revenue. During the Civil War, due to the continuous political instability, production was seriously affected and the output value fell sharply, but it has recovered somewhat in recent years. The total industrial output value in 2021 will account for 18.9% of the year's GDP. After the United Nations lifted sanctions on diamond export in 2007, diamond production and export gradually resumed, producing 20,000 carats of diamonds that year and earning nearly 2.7 million US dollars in foreign exchange. Diamond exports in 2019 were valued at $40.71 million. (Source: Quarterly Review of the London Economy Q4 2022).

Gold: Estimated production of 141,300 ounces in 2020.

Agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry

The main crops are rice and cassava. It used to be a rice exporter, but after the civil war, it was unable to feed itself and relied heavily on imports for 50-60% of its rice. Rice production in 2013 was 238,000 tons. Rubber is the main cash crop, along with cocoa, coffee and oil palm. Rubber exports earned about $207 million in 2008. Animal husbandry is not developed, poultry eggs mainly rely on imports. From 2004 to 2006, timber production ceased due to the United Nations timber embargo. After the United Nations lifted sanctions in 2006, production began to resume. The first timber was exported in 2009. In 2021, the total output value of agriculture will account for 40.1 percent of the year's GDP. (Source: Quarterly Review of the London Economy, Q4 2022)

Li is rich in forestry resources, producing rosewood, mahogany and other precious wood, with economic value of more than 240 kinds of wood. In April 2019, the African Development Bank launched a $1.2 million secondary wood processing project in Liberia to promote the development of the local secondary wood processing industry. Despite Liberia's huge log resources, it has a trade deficit of US $5.7 million per year due to imports of processed timber. The Central Bank of Liberia estimates that 43,300 cubic meters of roundwood and 169,000 sawn timber will be produced in 2020. ^[7]

Ship registration

It is the world's largest flag of convenience shipping country (by tonnage). With more than 5,000 ships registered, the country ranks second in the world after Panama. The income from ship registration has always been one of the important financial sources of Li.

finance

The main revenue comes from taxes, revenue from ship registration, export taxes and profits of state-owned enterprises. Government revenue in the 2021/2022 fiscal year was $957 million and actual expenditure was $769 million. In 2022, the foreign exchange reserves will be $600 million, and the external debt balance will be $1.13 billion. ^[12]

In 1999, the Liberian National Parliament passed a bill establishing the Central Bank of Liberia. A total of nine commercial banks operate in Liberia, with a total of 85 branches throughout the country. Of the commercial banks, only the Liberia Investment Development Bank (LBDI) is a Liberian national bank (government controlled but still heavily foreign owned); The remaining eight are foreign banks, namely EcoWAS Bank (EBLL, Togo), International Bank (IBLL, USA), Global Bank (GBLL, Nigeria), Sapelle International Bank (SIBLL, formerly GN Bank), and International Bank (IBLL, formerly GN Bank). Ghana), United African Bank (UBALL, Nigeria), Access Bank (ABLL, Germany), Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBLL, Nigeria) and First African Continental Bank (AFBLL, Cameroon). Among them, the Bank of Investment and Development and the Bank of the West European Community have the most branches, followed by Sapelle International Bank.

In 2019, five insurance companies in Liberia were merged into one, bringing the total number of insurance companies in Liberia to 14 at the end of 2019. ^[7]

foreign trade

According to Liberian Central bank data, Liberia's total foreign trade in 2020 was $1.606 billion. Among them, exports amounted to $608 million and imports amounted to $998 million, resulting in a trade deficit of $390 million.

It mainly exports iron ore, natural rubber, gold and logs, and imports mechanical transportation equipment, petroleum products, food and manufactured goods. In 2021, the main export countries are Switzerland, Belgium, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, etc. The main importers are China, India, the United States, Turkey and so on. ^[12]

Foreign capital

As the security, political, economic and other aspects of Liberia continue to improve, foreign investment in Liberia has increased, and some major investment projects have been signed or started. According to the Liberian Investment Commission, since the end of the civil war, foreign direct investment in Liberia's concession projects signed a total of about 17.2 billion US dollars, mainly concentrated in iron ore, forestry, rubber and oil palm industries.

According to the World Investment Report 2021 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2020, Liberia will attract foreign investment flows of 87 million US dollars; By the end of 2020, Liberia's stock of foreign investment was $8.883 billion. ^[7]

Foreign investment has increased rapidly in recent years. According to the World Investment Report 2022, in 2021, Libya received $46 million in foreign direct investment.

Foreign aid

According to the data of the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning of Liberia, from January 1, 2006 to June 14, 2021, the total commitment of the international community to Liberia reached 7.33 billion US dollars, of which 4.46 billion US dollars in grants and 2.87 billion US dollars in loans. Of this amount, the World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) provided US $2.12 billion (commitments, the same below), the US government provided US $1.11 billion through USAID, US $250 million through the US Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), and US $1.61 billion from the African Development Bank (AfDB). The German government contributed $370 million, the Swedish government $240 million, the International Monetary Fund $150 million, the Export-Import Bank of India $140 million, the Global Fund $130 million, the European Investment Bank $120 million, and the European Union $85.64 million. The relevant assistance mainly supports the development of infrastructure, energy and environment, health, agriculture, and the municipal development of Monrovia, the capital. ^[7]

According to the statistics of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Libya will receive $652 million in foreign aid in 2020. The main donors are: The United States ($182 million), the International Development Association ($111 million), the International Monetary Fund ($64.8 million), the African Development Fund ($42.5 million), the European Union ($41.3 million), Germany ($41.2 million), Sweden ($35.2 million), and Japan ($23.8 million).

culture

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EDITOR

Language

The official language of Liberia is English, and each tribe has its own tribal language. Among them, the languages of two tribes, Vai and Basa, have written characters. ^[7]

religion

Liberia has a policy of religious freedom, with 86% of the population practicing Christianity, 12% Islam, and 2% fetishism. ^[5]

custom

In social occasions, when Liberians and guests meet, there is a special handshake, after the end of the normal handshake, the thumb, index finger and middle finger of both sides around, rubbing sound; When friends and relatives meet, it is customary to give hugs; When you meet a woman, you can also give a bise.

Liberia has a strong African traditional culture color, important guests visit, local tribal chiefs will greet, arrange dance performances, for the guests who are about to leave, Liberians often present traditional robes, awarded honorary chief title to show gratitude and wishes. ^[6]

Festivals

Statutory holidays include: every Saturday and Sunday; January 1st, New Year's Day; February 11, Army Day; The second Wednesday of March, Tomb Sweeping Day; March 15, President Roberts' birthday; The second Friday in April, the day of prayer; 14 May, Unification Day; July 26, Independence Day; August 24, Flag Day; The first Thursday in November, Thanksgiving Day; November 29, the birthday of President Tubman; December 25th, Christmas Day. ^[7]

There are many types of houses in Liberia, from round houses to octagonal, oval or rectangular houses. In large cities and administrative, commercial, transportation centers, mainly iron roof rectangular houses, some multi-storey, some single-storey, two-storey buildings. The houses are usually brick walls and concrete floors. In Liberia, clothing is relatively simple because of the hot weather. The descendants of black immigrants in the United States mostly wear sharp suits, and they especially like top hats, canes, cigars and other things, and are full of gentlemen. The local indigenous people completely maintain their own way of life, wearing their national clothing, showing the primitive simplicity and simplicity. In sub-Saharan African countries, people traditionally eat tapioca paste, millet porridge, and roasted corn. Along the coast, from Guinea to Cameroon and including Liberia, people often eat fruit. ^[5]

taboo

Liberians are hospitable. When people meet for the first time, they always exchange pleasantries and greetings before getting down to business. People often use the handshake ceremony, addressing men as Mr. And addressing women as Mrs., Ms. And miss. Religion in Liberia can be divided into three types: traditional religion, Islam and Christianity. All the tribes of Liberia believe that there is one God who created all things. Each of them prayed to God, but there was no special liturgy. Christianity has had a strong influence on Liberia, and the country's constitution stipulates that Liberia is a Christian republic. In addition, some families have their own food taboos, which must not be broken. ^[5]

Military affairs

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EDITOR

National defense

In February 1908, the police and military forces were formed. In March 1909, the Liberian Border Guard was created. In 1956, the Armed Forces of Liberia were formally established by the National Defense Act. In 1982, it was renamed the Liberian National Guard. ^[12]

Military strength

In 1989, the total force stood at 5,800. After the fall of Doe's regime in September 1990, the army collapsed. During the civil war, there were several armed factions in Libya, with about 60,000 fighters. After the National Transitional Government came to power in 2003, the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) began to disarm the various military forces. In November 2004, the disarmament and demobilization process was successfully concluded. In January 2006, the government launched a plan to rebuild the armed forces, with the help of the United States. In February 2009, the formation of the Armed Forces was completed. At present, the total number of Lixin troops is about 2,000. ^[1]

traffic

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EDITOR

railway

Before the Civil War, there were only three railways in the country, with a total length of 500 km, mainly used to transport iron ore. It was heavily damaged during the civil war. The railway from the iron mines of Nimba State to the Port of Buchanan has been restored and used by the ArcelorMittal steel Company. The railway from Bong Mine to the Free Port of Monrovia is being repaired and extended by Zhongli Union Investment Limited and is ready for initial use.

In May 2021, the House of Representatives approved the Liberia-Guinea cross-border railway agreement, which allows the transport of Guinean iron ore through the port of Libuchanan, and will conduct feasibility studies on the cross-border railway project in the future. Liberian cities are poorly built, with no urban rail or subway. ^[7]

highroad

Liberia has a total road length of 11,000 km, of which 2,036 km are all-weather roads and 739 km are paved roads. It was badly damaged during the Civil War. With the assistance of the international community, restoration work has begun.

Liberia's roads connect with neighbouring countries Sierra Leone , Guinea and Cote d 'Ivoire But mostly dirt roads. The World Bank, the African Development Bank and other international partners are financing the construction of some of the asphalt roads connecting neighboring countries, such as the Harper to Cote d 'Ivoire Border road built by China Railway No. 5, the Sandi Quile to Cote d 'Ivoire Border road built by China Railway No. 7, and the Bangga to Guinea border road built by Henan International. ^[7]

Water transport

The National Port Authority has jurisdiction over the four ports of Monrovia, Greenville, Harper and Buchanan, of which the Free port of Monrovia is the largest port in the country, but it is in disrepair and only some berths are available. In the first three quarters of 2009, a total of 1 million tons of cargo were loaded and unloaded. The port of Buchanan was used primarily for transporting iron ore and lumber before the Civil War, and the port itself is still usable, but the loading and storage facilities are largely gone. It mainly exports iron ore (using ArcelorMittal's special terminal) and timber, and is now the standby port of the Free Port of Monrovia, and it is shipped to the port of Buchanan in mid-2019 and provides cargo handling and other services. In the future, the Libyan government plans to build a special economic zone in Buchanan Port. ^[7]

Air freight

Roberts Airport is currently the largest civilian airport in Libya, about 56 kilometers from the capital Monrovia, and completed a complete repair of the airport runway in April 2018. At present, the airport has an annual passenger capacity of about 320,000 passengers and a cargo handling capacity of about 17,298 tons.

International flights from Payne Airport have been largely suspended, with only domestic passenger and cargo services and helicopter transport between the capital Monrovia and smaller airports in Greenville, Harper, Voinjama, and Zwedru. The airport runway condition is poor, only suitable for small aircraft takeoff and landing, unable to take off and land large passenger and cargo aircraft. ^[7]

society

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EDITOR

Science and education

Liberia implements 12 years of compulsory primary and secondary education. Due to the war, education in Libya has been stagnant for a long time, and there is a serious shortage of primary and secondary school buildings and teachers. The adult literacy rate is 64.7% and the school enrolment rate for school-age children is 65.3%. The length of university education is usually 4 years, and students receive 50% of the grant. Institutions of higher learning include the University of Liberia, Catington College, AME University, Leigh Christian College, United Methodist University, etc. The University of Liberia is a public comprehensive university, the highest institution in the country, now has 6 undergraduate colleges, 3 professional schools and 3 graduate programs, currently enrolled about 18,000 students. ^[12]

According to World Bank statistics, Liberia's national public education expenditure as a share of GDP fell to 2.31% in 2020 from 2.58% in 2018. According to the 2019 Human Development Report, Liberia had an average of 4.7 years of schooling in 2018. Currently, Liberia's main international partners in the field of education include the World Bank and the Global Partnership for Education. ^[7]

Medical treatment

After the war, the Government relied on international assistance to rehabilitate 14 hospitals, 13 medical centres and 230 dispensaries. There is a severe shortage of medical personnel, with an average of 0.4 doctors per 10,000 people and 8 beds per 10,000 people. There are less than 200 doctors in the country, half of whom are foreign doctors. The China Aid Li Hospital in Tapeta, Nimba Prefecture, was officially put into operation in February 2011 and has 100 beds. The massive Ebola outbreak in 2014 took a heavy toll on Liberia's public health system. In early 2020, the 14th Military Hospital was basically completed, with about 200 beds, and is currently serving as a COVID-19 treatment center.

The main infectious diseases in Liberia are malaria, typhoid fever, Lassa fever, yellow fever, etc., among which malaria and typhoid fever are more prevalent and the number of infected people is larger. Liberia's public health system was hit hard by the massive Ebola outbreak in 2014, with hospitals closed and medical workers fleeing to escape the Ebola outbreak. The continued spread of the Ebola epidemic has led to the gradual evacuation of staff from large foreign companies operating in Liberia. On 9 June 2016, the World Health Organization declared the end of the latest Ebola outbreak in Liberia. According to the World Health Organization, the average life expectancy at birth in 2019 was 63 years for males and 65 years for females.

The Chinese government has sent 14 medical teams and hundreds of medical and health experts to Liberia, providing the Liberian people with specialized medical services in surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, ultrasound and traditional Chinese medicine. In March 2021, the Chinese government sent the 14th medical team to aid Liberia, consisting of nine members, including two chief physicians, two deputy chief physicians, two attending physicians, one deputy chief nurse and one lecturer. ^[7]

medium

The Liberia News Agency (LINA) is the official government news agency established in 1979 and publishes press releases from Monday to Friday. In 2009, Xinhua and the Liberian News Agency signed a communication sharing agreement.

The New Liberia is the official newspaper, There are also Frontpage Africa, The DailyObserver, The Inquirer, The News, The Analyst, and The New Dawn New Dawn, Heritage, Informer, NationalChronicle and more than two dozen other private newspapers.

The Liberia Broadcasting Corporation (LBS), the official broadcaster, was established in 1960 and was severely damaged during the civil war, with only its own radio station ELBC (99.9 FM) and television station ELTV operating. The Chinese government restored the company's nationwide FM stations, which were put into use in 2008. In addition to broadcasting to Africa by the BBC and Radio France International, the station also broadcasts China Radio International's programmes in English and some in Chinese. Other large Radio stations are StarRadio (an independent station supported by the Swiss Media Foundation for Peace and Dignity), Radio Veritas (a Catholic radio station), Truth FM (privately owned) and UNMIL Radio. Except for Star Radio, which can cover the surrounding states, the other stations can only cover the capital Monrovia area.

A number of television stations are based in the capital Monrovia, in addition to the Liberian National Broadcasting Corporation television, there are such as Real TV, Love TV, Power TV, etc., which can only cover the Monrovia area, and the broadcast time is short and the program is few.

Established in 1964, the Media Association of Liberia (PUL) is the umbrella organization for Liberian media professionals and institutions, with more than 500 journalists as members. ^[7]

Physical education

Liberia competed at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, then missed the 1968 Mexico Games, 1976 Montreal Games and 1992 Barcelona Games, and has yet to win a medal.

electricity

Years of war caused Liberia's national municipal power supply system has been seriously damaged, the current production, domestic electricity mainly rely on self-provided fuel generators to solve. The state power company uses heavy oil to generate electricity and the Coffee Mountain Power station, which supplies only parts of the capital and surrounding areas and sells electricity for 35 cents per kilowatt-hour. High electricity prices and scarce and unstable power supply have greatly restricted Liberia's economic development and become an urgent problem for the Liberian government to solve.

The Libyan government attaches great importance to the construction of power infrastructure, and has used international aid to implement the restoration project of the Coffee Landscape Power Station and the West African Power Project (CLSG) in Liberia, hoping to solve the serious power shortage problem by strengthening its own power generation capacity and introducing imported electricity. At present, the total power generation scale of Liberia can reach 126 megawatts, of which the Coffee landscape power station has 88 megawatts of power generation capacity. Distribution network coverage is extremely low, with only 15% of households in Monrovia connected to the national grid and only 4% of households in the country. ^[7]

communication

The Liberian Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications is responsible for the development of post and telecommunications policy and related matters, and the Liberian Telecommunications Authority (LTA) is responsible for the regulatory responsibilities, and the Liberian Telecommunications Company is the only state-owned enterprise in the industry. Domestic mobile communication service infrastructure is seriously inadequate, the national 4G/3G/2G coverage rate is 48%, 52% and 62%, respectively, and the coverage population is concentrated in the capital and several major cities. Liberia currently does not have a fixed-line telephone network, and communication is mainly mobile, with a high penetration rate of mobile phones.

According to the Commission's 2021 Investment Guide, mobile phone penetration in Liberia has reached more than 60%. The main GSM operators are LoneStar Cell MTN and Orange. In October 2020, LIBTELCO, a state-owned enterprise, was granted a mobile network operator license. Prior to 2015, due to the lack of broadband access capacity of Liberian Internet providers, users could only obtain limited and poor quality Internet services through satellite connections at high prices. According to the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, as of October 2020, 38% of the country's 5 million people have access to the Internet, and 30% of the land has Internet signals, but mainly concentrated in densely populated towns and communities. Internet access in Liberia has grown significantly in recent years with the development of several Internet service providers such as K3 and mobile operators LoneStar Cell MTN and Orange offering Mobile Broadband Access (WTTX) services. The main fixed network service provider is Liberia Telecommunications Corporation (Libtelco).

According to the mobile Broadband Prices report for the second quarter of 2019 released by the Alliance for Affordable Networks (A4AI: Alliance for Affordable Networks), Liberia ranks fifth in the world for high mobile Internet charges, behind only Congo (DRC), Central Africa, Chad and Guinea-Bissau. ^[7]

diplomacy

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EDITOR

Foreign policy

Liberia pursues a foreign policy of independence, equality and mutual benefit. Following the principles of ensuring national security, safeguarding territorial integrity, sovereignty and dignity, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, China stands for the unity of the international community on the basis of freedom and democracy, firmly supports the African integration process, and maintains that African countries should "speak with one voice". He is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the Community of Sahelo-Saharan States and the Mano River Union. At present, it has diplomatic relations with more than 140 countries.

External relations

Relations with China

Natural scenery of Liberia

China-libya relations have gone back and forth several times. Libya established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 1957. On February 17, 1977, China and Libya established diplomatic relations. On October 10, 1989, the Lidoi regime "restored diplomatic relations" with Taiwan, and China immediately announced the suspension of diplomatic relations with Taiwan. On August 10, 1993, China and Libya resumed diplomatic relations. On September 9, China suspended diplomatic relations with Libya. On October 11, 2003, China and the Libyan Transitional Government signed a joint communique and a Memorandum of Understanding, and the two countries resumed diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.

During the period when China and Libya maintained diplomatic relations, China helped build the Barrick Sugar Factory, the Integrated Stadium, the Tapeta Hospital, the office building of the Ministry of Health, and the agricultural Technology Demonstration Center.

The mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Libya began in 1981, mainly in the form of project contracting and labor service cooperation. The projects mainly include road and bridge construction.

The two countries signed a trade agreement in 1979 for payment in spot currency. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume between China and Liberia reached 7.54 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 32.3%. Among them, China's exports reached 7.52 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 32.3%, and imports reached 20 million US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 36.9%. China mainly exports ships to Libya and imports primary raw materials such as iron ore and logs.

China and Libya signed an agreement on cultural cooperation in May 1982. In 2007, the Chinese Art Group went to Libya to perform. In September 2008, the Li Cultural delegation went to Shenzhen to participate in the "2008 African Culture Focus" activity. In December 2009, a delegation from the Chinese Martial Arts Center visited Libya. In August 2010, the Li National Art Troupe went to China to participate in the Li National Pavilion Day of the Shanghai World Expo. In February 2011 and February 2012, student art troupes from Beijing Jiaotong University and Xiamen University respectively visited Libya to perform. In February 2016, the Art Troupe of Zhejiang International Studies University visited Li. In October, the delegation of the Li Youth Olympic Games visited China, and the delegation of the Li Wushu Association went to China to participate in the martial arts festival. In November 2018, the art troupe of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine performed in Li.

China has been accepting Leigh Scholarship students since 1986. In the 2022-2023 academic year, 1,134 Li students are studying in China. In December 2008, the two countries signed an exchange of letters on China's dispatch of young volunteers to Libya. The Confucius Institute established by the Chinese side at the University of Liberia opened in September 2008.

Since China sent medical teams to Libya in July 1984, 15 groups of 150 people have been sent so far. There are currently nine Chinese medical workers in Libya.

Since the outbreak of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014, the Chinese government has provided four rounds of emergency humanitarian assistance, including supplies, food and cash, sent public health experts to train local medical workers, helped build Ebola treatment centers in Libya, and sent hundreds of medical workers to participate in their management and operation. China handed over the treatment center to Liberia after the WHO declared the end of the Ebola epidemic.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Liberia in 2020, the Chinese government and people from all walks of life have provided a number of batches of anti-epidemic materials to Liberia, and shared experience and diagnosis and treatment plans through video conferences of epidemic prevention and control experts. The Chinese medical team has taken an active part in Liberia's epidemic prevention and control, and conducted training for local medical staff. ^[13]

Relations with the United States

The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1864. Limi has long maintained a special relationship. Before the Civil War, the United States invested about $400 million in Libya and had a permanent military mission and Peace Corps. In 2003, the United States sent warships into the Libyan sea, forcing Taylor to step down. After the end of the civil war in Liberia, the United States initiated the establishment of the United Nations Mission in Liberia and pledged $400 million to help Liberia rebuild peace. In January 2006, US First Lady Laura Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Liberia and attended the inauguration ceremony of President Sirleaf. Since 2007, Libya has been a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act of the United States, and the two countries have signed the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement. In 2008, President Sirleaf visited the United States four times. In February, US President George W. Bush paid a state visit to Libya. In August 2009, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Libya. President Sirleaf visited the United States four times in 2010. In April 2011, Gen. Carter F. Ham, commander of U.S. Africa Command, visited Libya. In January 2012, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton attended the inauguration ceremony of President Sirleaf. In September, Gen. Carter Ham, commander of the US Africa Command, led a delegation to Libya. In January 2013, President Sirleaf traveled to the United States to attend the first Partnership Dialogue between the two countries. In May, the first U.S.-Liberia Partnership Dialogue was held in Washington. In June, President Sirleaf was invited to attend the second Forbes 400 Philanthropy Summit in New York. In February 2014, the second U.S.-Liberia Partnership Dialogue was held in Monrovia, attended by U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Shannon. In February 2015, President Sirleaf visited the United States at invitation and Obama met with her. In April, President Sirleaf visited the United States again and met with President Obama together with the presidents of Sierra Leone and Guinea to brief the three countries on the Ebola epidemic situation and post-epidemic reconstruction plans. In July, President Sirleaf traveled to the United States to attend the New York Conference on the Reconstruction of Ebola-affected Countries. In May 2016, President Sirleaf paid an official visit to the United States. In September, President Sirleaf went to the United States to attend the United Nations General Assembly and the second US-Africa Business Forum. In October, President Sirleaf traveled to the United States to attend the World Bank High-Level Panel meeting. In May and December 2017, President Sirleaf visited the United States twice. In January, Foreign Minister Camara went to the United States to attend the third U.S.-Libya Partnership Dialogue. In February 2019, President Weah attended a ribbon-cutting ceremony for a shipyard built by the U.S. government for the Coast Guard. In September, Foreign Minister Findley went to the United States to attend the fourth U.S.-Liberia Partnership Dialogue. In August 2021, the United States provided 302,500 doses of COVID-19 vaccine to Liberia through COVAX. In February 2022, Special Assistant to the President of the United States for African Affairs Banks represented the United States Government at the celebration of the "200th anniversary of the settlement of Free Black Americans in Liberia." In February, Meeks, Chairman of the US House Foreign Affairs Committee, led a delegation to visit Libya. In December, President Weah attended the US-Africa Summit in the United States, where US President Joe Biden met with President Weah and the presidents of the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, Madagascar and Sierra Leone to discuss elections and democracy. In March 2023, President Weah visited the United States, where he met with Molly Fey, Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, and visited CIA headquarters. In March, President Weah attended the second Leaders' Summit on Democracy by video. In March, Foreign Minister Kemaya attended the Zambian sub-venue of the second Leaders' Democracy Summit and the online panel meeting on "a just and lasting Peace in Ukraine" hosted by US Secretary of State Blinken. ^[1]

Relations with Nigeria

The two countries established diplomatic relations in March 1957. As a major country in the region, Nigeria has played an important role in mediating the civil war and promoting the peace process in Libya. In August 2003, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo went to Libya to mediate the civil war and offered to provide asylum for Taylor. On 11 August, Taylor fled into exile in Nigeria, ending the Libyan civil war. In April 2004, Bryant, Chairman of the National Transitional Government of Libya, visited Nigeria. In October 2005, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo visited Liberia. From 2005 to 2006, President Sirleaf visited Nepal four times. In January 2010, Nigerian Foreign Minister Maduekwe visited Liberia. In February, President Sirleaf attended the 37th ECOWAS Summit in the capital of Nigeria. In December, President Sirleaf attended the ECOWAS Special Summit held in Nepal's capital. In January 2011, President Sirleaf attended the 39th ECOWAS Summit. In September, President Sirleaf went to Nigeria to attend a mini-summit of the leaders of ECOWAS member states. In June 2013, at the invitation of President Johnson of Nigeria, President Sirleaf attended the Second High-level Meeting of the Global Network of Most Influential Women in Africa in Abuja. In July, President Sirleaf attended the ECOWAS Heads of State and Government Summit in Nepal. In February 2014, President Sirleaf visited Nigeria. In March, President Sirleaf traveled to Nigeria to attend the seventh African Union Economic and Finance Ministers' Meeting. In December, President Sirleaf attended the 50th ECOWAS Summit in Nigeria. In December 2017, President Sirleaf went to Nigeria to attend the 52nd ECOWAS Summit. In March 2018, President Weah visited Nepal. In April, Vice President Taylor visited Nepal. In June 2019, President Weah was invited to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Buhari's re-election. ^[1]

Relations with Ghana

The two countries established diplomatic relations in October 1960. Ghana has made positive contributions to ending the civil war and realizing peace in Libya. In the 1990s, Ghana was the second largest contributor to ECOWAS peacekeeping forces in Libya. In 2003, the Ghanaian Foreign Minister led a ECOWAS delegation to Libya to mediate the civil war and facilitate the final Accra peace Agreement. In March 2007, President Sirleaf visited Ghana and attended the 50th anniversary of Ghana's independence. In February 2010, President Sirleaf visited Ghana. In January 2012, Ghanaian Vice President Mahama attended the inauguration ceremony of President Sirleaf. In September 2014, President Mahama of Ghana visited Libya. In July 2016, President Sirleaf paid a working visit to Ghana. In November, President Sirleaf visited Ghana and attended a meeting of the Economic Community of West African States. In May, President Addo of Ghana visited Libya. In November, President Sirleaf attended the African Gender and Development Initiative in Ghana. In April 2018, President Weah and Vice President Taylor visited Canada respectively. On January 7, 2021, President Weah attended the inauguration ceremony of President Akufoo Addo. On 8 March, President Weah sent a congratulatory letter to President Addo on the 64th anniversary of Ghana's independence. ^[1]

Relations with neighbouring countries

Liberia and Sierra Leone formed the Mano River Union in 1973. Guinea joined the Union in 1980. In 1986, the three countries signed the Treaty of Non-Aggression and Security Cooperation. In 1989, after the outbreak of the Libyan civil war, Guinea and Cyprus sent peacekeeping troops to Libya. In 1999, armed conflicts broke out in the border areas of Liberia, Guinea and Serbia. In 2002, the heads of state of the three countries met in Rabat, Morocco and decided to restart the Mano River Union. In December 2006, President Sirleaf visited Guinea. In May 2007, President Sirleaf visited Serbia. In September, Cypriot President Ernest Bai Koroma visited Liberia. In January 2010, President Sirleaf visited Burkina Faso. In January 2011, President Sirleaf visited Guinea. In April, President Sirleaf attended the 50th anniversary of Sierra Leone's independence. In May, President Sirleaf went to Cote d 'Ivoire to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Ouattara. In January 2012, President Conde of Guinea, President Ouattara of Cote d 'Ivoire and President Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone attended the inauguration of President Sirleaf. In May, President Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone visited the country. In July, President Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone visited the country. In April 2013, President Alpha Conde of Guinea, President Alassane Ouattara of Cote d 'Ivoire and President Ernest Koroma of Sierra Leone attended the 22nd Mano River Union Leaders' Summit in Liberia. In August, President Sirleaf attended the extraordinary Summit of the Mano River Union in Guinea, where the heads of state of the four countries and Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization, jointly appealed to the international community to help fight the Ebola epidemic in West Africa. In April 2015, President Sirleaf paid a working visit to Cote d 'Ivoire. In May 2016, President Sirleaf paid a working visit to Sierra Leone and Guinea. In July, President Sirleaf paid a working visit to Niger. In July, President Ouattara of Cote d 'Ivoire visited Libya. In February 2018, President Weah visited Senegal. In May, President Bio of Sierra Leone visited Liberia. In the same month, President Weah went to Sierra Leone to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Bio. In July, President Weah visited Cote d 'Ivoire. In January and April 2019, President Weah paid a state visit to Senegal. In July, President Weah paid a state visit to Guinea. ^[1]

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EDITOR

Liberia's presidential Palace is located in the capital city of Monrovia, is a 6-story building, Liberian President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf's office is located on the 4th floor of the building. Monrovia is the capital of Liberia, the largest city and the capital of Montserrado State. Located in the Atlantic coast of west Africa, Cape Mesurado and Bushrod Island, according to the mouth of the St. Paul River, is an important sea gateway in West Africa, and the closest port city in Africa to the South American continent.

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Republic of Liberia

catalogue

Historical evolution

Early history

American colonization

Establishment of the republic

First Republic

Second Republic

Civil war

Democratic election

Geographical environment

Regional location

Climatic characteristics

Natural resources

Mineral resources

Forest resources

Administrative division

regionalization

Major city

National symbol

Country name

flag

National emblem

National anthem

aphorism

Population nationality

political

regime

constitution

congress

government

judiciary

Political party

dignitaries

economy

summarize

Industrial and mining industry

Agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry

Ship registration

finance

foreign trade

Foreign capital

Foreign aid

culture

Language

religion

custom

Festivals

mores

taboo

Military affairs

National defense

Military strength

traffic

railway

highroad

Water transport

Air freight

society

Science and education

Medical treatment

medium

Physical education

electricity

communication

diplomacy

Foreign policy

External relations

travel