Chapter I Preparation notes
1.1 Evaluation purpose
Safety evaluation is an important part of modern safety management. It applies the principles and methods of modern safety system engineering and safety cybernetics to find, analyze and predict the dangers and harmful factors existing in engineering and system and the possible dangers, consequences and degree of hazards, and puts forward reasonable and feasible countermeasures to guide hazard monitoring and accident prevention, so as to achieve the lowest accident rate. Minimum loss and optimal safety investment benefits.
This safety evaluation is carried out according to the storage and use process of highly toxic chemicals in the Quality inspection department of ************ Company. The main objectives are as follows:
1. Implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first", predict and analyze the safety of storage and use of highly toxic chemicals, and ensure that their safe use complies with relevant national regulations, standards and regulations.
2. Find out the defects existing in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals, find out the potential dangers and hazardous factors in their storage and use, analyze and predict the possible accidents and hazards.
3. Carry out qualitative and quantitative evaluation and scientific analysis on the inherent dangers and harmful factors in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises, and evaluate their control means. Preventive measures and control countermeasures to eliminate, prevent or reduce the risk in the process of storage and use are put forward in a targeted way to promote the essential safety of the use of hazardous chemicals in enterprises.
4. Establish the optimal scheme of system safety to provide a basis for the safety supervision and management departments and enterprises to achieve safety management.
1.2 Evaluation basis
Laws, regulations and standards based on this evaluation are as follows:
1.2.1 Laws and regulations
1) Labor Law of the People's Republic of China Decree No. 28 of the President of the People's Republic of China
2) Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China Order No. 70 of the President of the People's Republic of China
3) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, Order of the President of the People's Republic of China (2001) No. 60
4) Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China Order of the President of the People's Republic of China (1998) No. 4
5) Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, Decree No. 344 of The State Council
6) Labor Protection Equipment Standard (Trial), State Economic and Trade Commission, National Economic and Trade Security [2000] No. 189
7) "Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises" (Trial) Safety supervision No. 127 [2004
8) Guiding Opinions on the supervision and Management of Major Hazard Sources, State Administration of Work Safety Supervision and Coordination Word (2004) No. 56
9) "Chemical Enterprise Safety Management System" (Former Ministry of Chemical Industry [1991] Hualao Character No. 247)
1.2.2 Standard Specifications
1) Code for Fire Protection in Building Design GBJ16-87, 2001 edition
2) General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods GB15603-95
3) Safe Color GB2893-1982
4) Safety Sign GB2894-1996
5) Hazardous Chemicals Safety Technology Book, Chemical Industry Press, July 1997, 1st edition
6) Technical Conditions for storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities GB17916-1999
7) Identification of Major Hazard Sources GB18218-2000
8) Fire Safety Sign GB13495-1992
9) "Building Fire Extinguisher Configuration Design Code" GBJ140-90 (1997 edition)
10) Hazardous Chemicals List (2002 edition)
11) Technical Conditions for storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities GB 17916-1999
12) List of Highly Toxic Chemicals (2002 edition)
13) Classification, Classification and Name Number of Highly Toxic Goods GA57-93
14) List of Highly Toxic Items GB58-93
15) Classification and Code of Labor Protection Articles LD/T75-1995
16) Rules for Selection of Labor Protective Articles GB11651-89
17) Classification and Labeling of commonly used Hazardous Chemicals GB13690-92
18) Fire Safety Sign setting requirements GB 15630-1995
19) "Occupational Exposure Toxicity Degree Classification" GB 5044-85
20) Classification and Name Number of Dangerous Goods GB6944-86
21) Classification of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees GB6441-1986
22) General Principles of Safety Evaluation AQ8001-2007
1.2.3 Documents provided by the enterprise
1) ************ company's API quality standard "Total Matrine" ZLY47-01
2) ************ company excipient quality standard "Purified water" ZLF0-04
3) ************ "Fire Prevention Archives"
4) ************ "Management Regulations of Hazardous Chemicals Management and Use Safety Emergency Plan"
5) ************ various safety management systems of the company
1.2.4 Contract documents
* * * * * * * * * * * * company about the * * * * * * * * * * * * company store, use highly toxic chemicals safety evaluation project, the safety evaluation of a power of attorney, as well as * * * * * * * * * * company security situation assessment technology service contracts.
The second chapter is the scope, procedure and method of safety evaluation
2.1 Evaluation scope
According to the specific situation of the use of highly toxic chemicals in the enterprise and the results agreed by both parties, the scope of this evaluation is determined as follows: safety evaluation on the storage and use process of highly toxic chemicals, fire fighting facilities, labor health and personal protection, working environment, labor safety and safety management of ************ Company's quality inspection Department.
Labor safety mainly includes: highly toxic chemical storage facilities, fire facilities and safety signs.
Labor health mainly includes: working environment, staffing, working hour system, individual protection and so on.
Safety management mainly includes: safety management organization, safety management system, post operation procedures and so on.
The transportation of highly toxic chemicals has not yet been carried out by the enterprise. If the transportation of highly toxic chemicals is carried out, the enterprise intends to entrust the unit with the transportation qualification of hazardous chemicals to undertake it, so its transportation process is not within the scope of evaluation in this report.
2.2 Evaluation procedure
According to the General Principles of Safety Evaluation, safety evaluation procedures generally include: preparation stage; Risk, identification and analysis of dangerous and harmful factors; Divide evaluation units; Selection of evaluation methods; Qualitative and quantitative evaluation; Put forward safety countermeasures and suggestions; Make evaluation conclusions; Prepare safety pre-evaluation report.
Safety evaluation program block diagram is as follows:
2.3 Principles and division of evaluation units
Evaluation unit division principle: system integrity principle and subsystem relative independence principle. According to the principle of relative independence of the system, the evaluation report is divided into three units: (1) safety management evaluation unit; (2) Evaluation unit for storage and use of highly toxic chemicals; ③ Auxiliary facilities evaluation unit.
Among them, the safety management evaluation unit includes: the establishment of various management systems for enterprise safety, the safety education and training of operators, the formulation of safety operation procedures, the safety inspection system, and the formulation of emergency rescue plans for accidents.
The evaluation unit for the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals includes the warehouse for highly toxic chemicals, the site and facility for the use and operation of highly toxic chemicals, etc.
The evaluation unit of auxiliary facilities includes the setting of fire protection facilities and anti-theft alarm facilities for highly toxic chemicals.
2.4 Selection of evaluation methods
Safety evaluation method is a tool to analyze and evaluate the risk factors, harmful factors and their danger and harm degree of the system. Each evaluation method has different principles, objectives, application conditions, applicable evaluation objects and workload. Combined with the characteristics of the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises, this report intends to use the safety checklist method and the accident tree analysis method to evaluate and analyze them.
First of all, combined with the characteristics of the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in the enterprise, the safety check list method is used to conduct safety evaluation of the three units, and check and evaluate whether they comply with the laws, regulations, standards and norms (including industry norms and standards) promulgated by the state in terms of "human, machine, material, management and environment". Whether it has the basic management conditions for safe production and the basic conditions for safe production.
Secondly, for the most dangerous toxic chemical poisoning accidents in the process of storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises, the accident tree analysis method is used to analyze and evaluate, find out the way of the accident (minimum cut set), analyze the structural importance of the basic event, and propose the corresponding safety countermeasures according to the accident tree analysis results.
2.5 Introduction to evaluation methods
2.5.1 Safety Checklist Method
Safety checklist method is based on relevant national laws, regulations, standards and norms, on the basis of systematic safety analysis of evaluation objects such as production equipment or safety management, safety checklist is prepared in advance, and the evaluation objects are inspected, analyzed and evaluated.
The safety checklist method consists of three steps:
1) Select or draw up a suitable safety checklist
2) Complete the inspection analysis
3) Prepare analysis result documents
By answering "yes" or "no" to the questions raised in the safety check list or assigning scores to the evaluation items, the evaluator makes a conclusion on whether it is consistent with the standards or norms or grades the safety level of the evaluation objects.
When the safety checklist is used to find defects or hidden dangers in design, maintenance, environment, and management, it can omit the content and steps such as scoring and rating.
2.5.2 Accident tree analysis
Fault Tree Analysis (ATA), also known as Fault Tree Analysis, is a deductive system safety analysis method. It starts with the specific accident or failure to be analyzed and goes through layers of analysis to analyze the reasons for its occurrence until it can no longer be analyzed. The specific accident and the causes of each layer (risk factors) are connected with logic gate symbols, and the logical tree graph, that is, the accident tree, is obtained to express its logical relationship (causality) graphically and succinctly. The purpose of evaluation is achieved by simplifying the accident tree and calculating and analyzing it.
The third chapter is the basic overview of the enterprise
3.1 Basic information about the user
************ company was established in August 1995, located at No. 114 **** Avenue, National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, covering an area of 120 mu and a plant area of 10,000 square meters. It is a modern TCM pharmaceutical enterprise integrating scientific research, production and trade, and was restructured from a limited liability company to a joint stock limited company in 2001. The company has a registered capital of 40.57 million yuan, total assets of 130 million yuan, and 45 drug production approvals.
The company has passed the national GMP certification of Chinese medicinal materials pretreatment workshop, capsule (granule) workshop, liquid workshop, the main production of capsules, syrup, gel, wine, mixture, dew, suspension, tablet, powder and other proprietary Chinese medicine.
Since its establishment, the company has paid close attention to product quality, advocated green environmental protection, and paid attention to market development, and has established a complete marketing network in the country. The company has been adhering to the concept of integrity for a long time, and has contributed its own strength to the prosperity of the local economy while developing itself. In today's grim employment situation, the company has placed more than 800 employees, absorbed 124 laid-off and unemployed people of all kinds, and paid pension, medical, unemployment, work-related injury, maternity and other insurance benefits for employed employees to relieve their worries.
3.2 Basic situation of highly toxic chemical warehouse area
The warehouse of highly toxic chemicals of the company is set in the reagent room of the Quality Inspection Department of the company (hereinafter referred to as the Quality Inspection Department), which stores highly toxic chemicals such as arsenic trioxide, mercury bromide, high mercury chloride, mercury iodide and mercury acetate (see 3.3 for storage information). The Quality Inspection department is located in the front of the factory, on the upper floor of the liquid and gel manufacturing workshop. In front of it is the factory gate, on the right side is the area to be built, on the left side is the passage, parking lot, spray drying workshop and the area to be built, and behind it is the idle workshop.
The floor plan of the highly toxic chemical warehouse is shown in the following figure.
3.3 Storage of highly toxic chemicals
List of highly toxic chemicals stored
| Sequence number | Given name | Equal grade | Storage quantity (g) | Severe drug classification |
| 1 | Arsenic trioxide | Analytically pure | 450 | A Class A inorganic substance |
| 2 | Mercuric chloride | Analytically pure | 500 | A Class A inorganic substance |
| 3 | Mercuric iodide | Analytically pure | 1000 | Class B inorganic drugs |
| 4 | Mercuric acetate | Analytically pure | 300 | Class B organic drugs of the fourth order |
| 5 | Mercuric bromide | Analytically pure | 200 |
The highly toxic chemicals stored in the warehouse are pure analytical reagents, and the storage quantity is not large, of which the largest storage is mercury iodide, the storage quantity is 1000g, followed by high mercury chloride, the storage quantity is 500g, and the storage quantity of arsenic trioxide, mercury acetate and mercury bromide is between 200-450 g.
The highly toxic chemical storage warehouse is located in the reagent room of the Quality Inspection Department on the upper floor of the liquid manufacturing workshop. The reagent room is divided into two rooms, the outer room stores ordinary analytical reagents, and the inner room is used as a warehouse for dramatic drugs. The warehouse door is a wooden door plus an iron door, with double doors and double locks. The door is set with a warning sign of "beware of poisoning", and a set of anti-theft alarm device, temperature measuring instrument and ventilation fan are set in the warehouse. There is a safe in the warehouse, and highly toxic items are stored in the safe.
The storage situation is shown in the figure below.
In terms of safety management, the enterprise has formulated a safety management system such as the "Laboratory Management Procedures for highly toxic reagents", the storage of highly toxic chemicals is unified management, strict control, 24-hour monitoring, strict implementation of the "five double" management of dramatic drugs, and the storage system of double acceptance, double delivery, double lock, double door and double ledger.
3.4 Enterprise Security Management Network
The enterprise security management network is shown in the following figure.
3.5 Fire, safety and sanitation facilities
3.5.1 Fire, alarm, emergency rescue facilities
1. Fire safety management
In terms of fire safety management, the laboratory staff carry out a fire safety training every year, the main content is how to prevent the occurrence of fire, the use of fire appliances, the initial fire fighting, personnel evacuation, etc., and the same training is also carried out before the new employees take up the post.
List of laboratory fire protection facilities
| Serial number | Given name | Type specification | quantity | Set up a post |
| 1 | Dry powder fire extinguisher | MFZL-8 | 28 | |
| 2 | Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher | four | ||
| 3 | Fire extinguishing box | Seven groups |
2. List of alarm devices
In order to prevent the theft of highly toxic chemicals, a set of anti-theft alarms is set up in the drug warehouse, the specific situation is shown in the following table.
| Serial number | Given name | Type specification | manufacturer |
| 1 | Audible alarm | YBLX-K1/111 |
3.5.2 Occupational health facilities
The operation posts of the quality inspection department are equipped with gloves, masks, work clothes and other labor protective articles. The operation process involving the production of toxic gases is carried out in the ventilated kitchen; Set up special fire pipes and fire water sources.
3.6 Introduction to the use of highly toxic chemicals
The highly toxic chemicals used by the company are mainly used in the process of determination of total matrine as raw material and purified water as auxiliary raw materials, which are mainly based on the standards such as ************ Company's Quality Standard for Total Matrine as raw Material and ************ Company's Quality standard for Purified Water as excipient.
The operators of the quality inspection department of the enterprise have been trained and assessed to master the physical and chemical properties of the highly toxic chemicals used, and know the first aid and prevention measures of poisoning; Use highly toxic chemicals in strict accordance with regulations, and make detailed records of the use and flow direction of highly toxic chemicals, and have special personnel responsible for it; In the process of use, operation is carried out in strict accordance with the standard requirements; If exhaust gas is produced, do it in a fume hood, or use a ventilation device; The highly toxic chemical storage liquid and standard solution shall be kept by special personnel and stored in the operating cabinet of the laboratory and locked; The highly toxic waste liquid generated in the process of use is strictly classified and centrally stored, neutralized by chemical methods, and diluted into sewers; In accordance with the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste and the relevant provisions of the State, units qualified for the disposal of hazardous chemicals shall be entrusted to dispose of the discarded highly toxic chemicals.
Chapter four analyses the main dangerous and harmful factors
Risk factors refer to the factors that cause casualties to people or sudden damage to objects; Harmful factors refer to factors that can affect people's physical health, lead to disease or cause chronic damage to things. Under normal circumstances, collectively referred to as risk factors, mainly refers to the objective existence of dangers, harmful substances or energy beyond the critical value of equipment, facilities and places. The analysis and identification of dangerous and harmful factors is based on site investigation and data analysis, and the analysis and identification of dangerous and harmful factors is the basis of safety evaluation. Therefore, on the basis of site investigation and data analysis, the main dangers and harmful factors existing in the storage, use and affiliated facilities of highly toxic chemicals in the quality inspection department of enterprises are analyzed as follows.
4.1 Identification of major highly toxic chemicals
According to the evaluation scope of this report and the analysis of the storage and use process of highly toxic chemicals in the Quality Inspection Department, and by referring to the varieties of highly toxic chemicals published in the List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002 edition), the List of Highly Toxic Chemicals (2002 edition) and GB58-93 List of Highly Toxic Goods, it can be determined that the highly toxic chemicals mainly involved in their use process are: Arsenic trioxide, potassium cyanide, mercury bromide, high mercury chloride, mercury iodide, mercury acetate, etc.
According to the Ministry of Public Security standard GA57-93 "Classification, Classification and Name Number of Highly Toxic Substances", the acute toxicity classification standards of highly toxic substances are:
| rank | LD(mg/kg) | Lethal dose LD(mg/kg) for skin contact with highly toxic substances | Inhalation of highly toxic substances dust, lethal dose of smoke LC(mg/l) | Inhaling LC()m1/m3 of liquid vapor or gas of highly toxic substances |
| A | = 5 | = 40 | = 0.5 | V=10LC At the same time LC=<1000 |
| B | >5--50 | >40--200 | >0.5--2 | V>=LC at the same time LC=<3000(except Grade A) |
According to the above standards, it can be determined that among the highly toxic chemicals used by the quality inspection department, arsenic trioxide, potassium cyanide and high mercury chloride belong to the first class A inorganic serious drugs; Mercury iodide belongs to the second class B inorganic substances, and mercury acetate belongs to the class B organic substances.
The hazardous characteristics of the above highly toxic chemicals are described as follows:
* arsenic trioxide, molecular formula As2O3 (arsenic trioxide), relative molecular weight 197.84. In GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", the dangerous category of the substance is classified as Class 6.1 poisons, and in GA57-93 "Classification, Classification and Product Name Number of highly toxic substances", it is classified as the first class A inorganic serious drugs. Hazard Code 61007, UN code 1561.
Physical and chemical properties: arsenic trioxide is odorless and tasteless white powder or crystal, there are three crystal forms. Relative density (water =1) 3.86, melting point 315℃, 193℃ sublimation. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in acid, alkali. It is less soluble in cold water and more soluble in hot water. The aqueous solution is acidic. Highly toxic.
Health hazards: mainly affect the nervous system and capillary permeability, irritating the skin and mucous membranes. Acute poisoning: Oral poisoning with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, "rice-water" stool, sometimes mixed with blood, painful spasticity of limbs, oliguria, anuria, coma, convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death. Peripheral neuropathy may occur within 1 to 3 weeks of acute poisoning. Toxic myocarditis and hepatitis may occur. Large inhalation can also cause acute poisoning, but the digestive tract symptoms are mild, the finger (toe) nail appears Mi's stripe. Chronic poisoning: digestive symptoms, liver and kidney damage, skin pigmentation, hyperkeratosis or verrucous hyperplasia, and multiple peripheral neuritis. Can cause lung cancer, skin cancer.
Hazardous properties: Arsenic trioxide is non-combustible, highly toxic, carcinogenic and irritating. In case of high heat, sublimation produces a highly toxic gas.
Fire extinguishing method: fire personnel must wear the whole body fire protective clothing, in the upwind fire. Fire extinguishing agent: dry powder, water, sand.
Emergency treatment: isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and protective clothing. Do not contact spills directly. Small leakage: Avoid dust and collect in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. Large leakage: Cover with plastic sheeting and canvas. It is then collected for recycling or transported to a waste disposal site for disposal.
* High mercury chloride, molecular formula HgCl2 (mercuric chloride), relative molecular weight 271.50. In GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", the dangerous category of the substance is classified as Class 6.1 poisons, and in GA57-93 "Classification, Classification and Product Name Number of highly toxic substances", it is classified as the first class A inorganic serious drugs. Hazard code 61030, UN code 1624.
Physical and chemical properties: high mercury chloride is colorless or white crystalline powder, micro volatilization at room temperature, 300℃ sublimation. Relative density (water =1) 5.44, melting point 276℃, soluble in hot water and ethanol, ether, acetone, pyridine, benzene, glycerol and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in carbon disulfide. Its aqueous solution is almost non-dissociating and decomposes when exposed to light or air to form Hg2Cl2, HCl and O2. High mercury chloride decomposition with water, the solution is acidic (pH about 4.7), if the addition of alkali metal chloride can inhibit the decomposition of water and neutral. Should be closed storage away from light.
Health hazards: mercury ions can make sulfhydryl enzymes inactive, lose function; It can also bind to amino group, dimercapto group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and phosphoryl group in the enzyme, causing corresponding damage. Acute poisoning: headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, dreaminess, stomatitis, fever and other systemic symptoms. May have loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and so on. Some patients have red maculopapular skin rash. In severe cases, interstitial pneumonia and kidney damage occurred. Oral administration can cause acute corrosive gastroenteritis, severe coma, shock, and even necrotic nephropathy resulting in acute renal failure. Irritating to the eye. It can cause dermatitis. Chronic poisoning: neurasthenic syndrome; Hyperexcitability; Mental and emotional disorders, such as shyness, shyness, irritability, crying, etc.; Mercury tremor; Stomatitis. A few cases have liver and kidney damage.
Hazardous characteristics: High mercury chloride non-flammable, highly toxic, irritating. Can react violently with alkali metals.
Fire extinguishing method: This product is non-combustible. Firemen must wear full protective clothing and fight fires upwind. Fire extinguishing agent: water, sand.
Emergency treatment: isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and protective clothing. Do not contact spills directly. Small leakage: Avoid dust and collect in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. Large leakage: Cover with plastic sheeting and canvas. It is then collected for recycling or transported to a waste disposal site for disposal.
* Mercury iodide, molecular formula HgI2 (mercuric iodide), relative molecular weight 454.40. In GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", the dangerous category of the substance is classified as Class 6.1 poisons, and in GA57-93 "Classification, Classification and Product Name Number of highly toxic substances", it is classified as the second class B inorganic serious drugs. Hazard code 61030, UN code 1638.
Physical and chemical properties: mercury iodide is yellow crystal or powder. Relative density (water =1) 6.09, melting point 259℃, insoluble in water, acid, slightly soluble in anhydrous ethanol.
Health hazard: Fatal if inhaled, taken orally or absorbed through the skin. It has strong irritation to the eyes, respiratory mucosa and skin. Mercury and its compounds mainly cause central nervous system damage and stomatitis, high concentrations cause kidney damage.
Hazardous characteristics: Mercury iodide is non-combustible, highly toxic and irritating. Toxic iodide fumes are emitted by thermal decomposition. It reacts violently with chlorine trifluoride, potassium metal and sodium metal.
Fire extinguishing method: This product is non-combustible. Firemen must wear full protective clothing and fight fires upwind. Fire extinguishing agent: mist water, sand.
Emergency treatment: isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and protective clothing. Do not contact spills directly. Small leakage: Avoid dust and collect in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. Large leakage: Cover with plastic sheeting and canvas. It is then collected for recycling or transported to a waste disposal site for disposal.
* Mercury bromide, molecular formula HgBr2 (mercuric bronide), relative molecular weight 360.41. In GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", the danger category of the substance is divided into Class 6.1 poisons, danger regulation number 61590, UN number 1634.
Physical and chemical properties: Mercury bromide is white crystal or crystalline powder, which decomposes when exposed to light. Relative density (water =1) 6.1090(25℃), melting point 237℃, soluble in hot alcohol, methanol, hydrochloric acid, slightly soluble in water, chloroform.
Health hazards: Acute poisoning has headache, dizziness, fever, stomatitis, rash, severe may occur interstitial pneumonia and kidney damage. Neurasthenic syndrome may occur after long-term exposure to low concentration mercury dibromide. Mercury toxic tremor, etc.
Hazardous Characteristics: Mercury bromide itself does not burn. In case of high heat, high toxic smoke is interpreted.
Fire extinguishing method: This product is non-combustible. Firemen must wear full protective clothing and fight fires upwind. When extinguishing the fire, move the container from the fire to an open area as much as possible. Then choose the appropriate extinguishing agent according to the cause of fire.
Emergency treatment: isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks and protective suits. Do not contact spills directly. Small amount of leakage: avoid dust, collect in a closed container with a clean shovel. Large leakage: Collect and recycle or transport to a waste disposal site for disposal.
* Mercury acetate, molecular formula C4H6O4Hg (mercuric acetate), relative molecular weight of 318.59. In GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", the substance is classified as Category 6.1 toxic substances, and in GA57-93 "Classification, Classification and Product Name Number of highly toxic Substances", it is classified as the fourth class B organic serious drugs. Hazard code 61093, UN code 1629.
Physical and chemical properties: white crystal or powder, acetic acid odor. Relative density (water =1) 3.27, melting point 179~182℃, soluble in water, ethanol.
Health hazard: Irritating effect. If inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin, it is harmful to the body and can be fatal in severe cases. Invasion of the nervous system, causing progressive nerve paralysis, ataxia, mental disorders.
Dangerous characteristics: This product is flammable, toxic, irritating, and emits toxic gases by high thermal decomposition.
Fire extinguishing method: Fire fighters should wear gas masks and full-body fire suits to extinguish the fire in the upwind direction. Fire extinguishing agent: mist water, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.
Emergency treatment: isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and wear protective clothing. Avoid dust, sweep it up carefully, place it in a bag and transfer it to a safe place. It can also be washed with a lot of water and diluted into the waste water system. If a large amount of leakage, with plastic sheet, canvas cover. Collect and recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.
4.2 Identification of main dangers and harmful factors
The quality inspection Department has a variety of dangerous and harmful factors in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals. According to the relevant information provided by the enterprise and the storage and use process of highly toxic chemicals, after on-site examination and analysis, combined with the identification principle of dangerous and hazardous factors, refer to the "Classification of Enterprise Employee Casualty Accidents" (GB6441-1986), The main hazardous factors in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals are determined as follows:
1, fire, explosion; 2. Poisoning; 3. Chemical burns; 4. Electric shock.
4.2.1 Fire and explosion accidents
The highly toxic chemical used by the quality inspection department is also non-combustible, but it can react violently with alkali metals; Mercury iodide itself is non-combustible, and reacts violently with chlorine trifluoride, potassium metal, and sodium metal, which has the risk of explosion. In the storage process, such as potassium cyanide mixed with nitrate, nitrite, chlorate; Mercury iodide mixed with chlorine trifluoride, metal potassium, metal sodium; High mercury chloride and alkali metals are mixed, and during operation, due to operator error or accident, the above highly toxic chemicals are in contact with conjunctibles, which may cause violent reactions and cause explosion accidents.
In addition, during the analysis and operation of the quality inspection Department, excessive current, short circuit, and poor insulation generated during the operation of the electrical equipment may cause electrical fires.
4.2.2 Poisoning accidents
Poisoning accidents are the main dangerous and harmful factors in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals.
Arsenic trioxide, potassium cyanide and high mercury chloride are all highly toxic and irritating. Potassium cyanide is classified as Class 6.1 poisons in GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", and is classified as the first class A inorganic serious drugs in A57-93 "Classification, Classification and Name Number of Highly Toxic Substances". Mercury iodide and mercury acetate are also highly toxic, which are classified as Class 6.1 poisons in GB13690-92 "Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Dangerous Chemicals", and are respectively classified as Class B inorganic serious drugs in Class II and Class B organic serious drugs in Class IV in A57-93 "Classification, Classification and Name Number of Highly Toxic Substances". In the Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals, mercury bromide is classified as a Class 6.1 toxic substance.
In the process of storage and use of the above-mentioned serious drugs, such as receiving highly toxic drugs, preparation solution, storage solution storage, analysis and testing process, operator error or accident, resulting in damage to the container containing highly toxic solution, highly toxic solution leakage, contact with the human body, inhalation, oral or percutaneous absorption can cause acute poisoning.
Arsenic trioxide mainly affects the nervous system and capillary permeability. Oral poisoning results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rice water stool, sometimes mixed with blood, painful spasm of limbs, oliguria, anuria, coma, convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death. In case of high heat, sublimation produces highly toxic gas, which can lead to human poisoning accidents.
Acute poisoning with high mercury chloride has systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, dreaminess, stomatitis, fever, etc. In severe cases, coma, shock, and even acute renal failure caused by necrotic kidney disease. Chronic poisoning showed neurasthenic syndrome. Hyperexcitability; Mental and emotional disorders; Stomatitis. A few cases have liver and kidney damage.
Mercury iodide can be fatal if inhaled, taken orally or absorbed through the skin. Mercury and its compounds mainly caused central nervous system damage and stomatitis, high concentration caused kidney damage; Toxic iodide smoke is released by thermal decomposition, which can cause human poisoning.
Acute mercury bromide poisoning has headache, dizziness, fever, stomatitis, rash, serious cases may occur interstitial pneumonia and kidney damage; In case of high heat, high toxic smoke is interpreted, which leads to human poisoning.
Mercury acetate is harmful to the body if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin, and can be fatal in severe cases. It is subjected to high thermal decomposition and releases toxic gases, causing human poisoning.
If the stored serious drugs are poorly kept and stolen, highly toxic chemicals may flow into the society, and there may be poisoning and death accidents among social personnel.
4.2.3 Chemical burn accident
The highly toxic chemicals used by the quality inspection department are highly toxic and irritating. Arsenic trioxide has irritating effect on skin and mucous membrane. Long-term exposure of potassium cyanide to small amounts of cyanide can cause eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, which can cause rash and skin ulcer. Oral administration of high mercury chloride can cause acute corrosive gastroenteritis, coma and shock in severe cases, and even acute renal failure caused by necrotic nephropathy, which is irritating to the eyes and can cause dermatitis. Mercury iodide has strong irritation to eyes, respiratory mucosa and skin. Mercury acetate is irritating and has a certain stimulating effect on human body.
In the process of storage and use of the above-mentioned serious drugs, such as contact with the human body, can cause chemical burn accidents.
4.2.4 Electric shock accident
During operation, the grounding device fails or the insulation of the device is damaged. As a result, the shell of the device is abnormally charged. An electric shock may occur when the device is exposed to the abnormally charged shell.
4.3 Identification of major hazard sources
Major hazard sources, also known as major hazardous facilities, refer to facilities that, whether long-term or temporary, process, produce, handle, transport, use or store one or more types of hazardous substances that exceed a critical amount. The number of hazardous substances present in the unit is divided into the following two situations according to the number of types of substances treated: ① The hazardous substances present in the unit is a single variety, then the amount of the substance is the total amount of hazardous substances in the unit, if equal to or exceed the corresponding critical amount, it is defined as a major hazard source. (2) When there are multiple varieties of dangerous substances in the unit, it is calculated according to the following formula. If the following formula is met, it is classified as a major hazard source:
Formula: q1,q2... qn - Actual amount of each hazardous substance, t. Q1,Q2... Qn - The critical quantity of the production site or storage area corresponding to each hazardous substance, t.
According to the provisions of the Guiding Opinions on the Supervision and Management of Major Hazard Sources (Safety Supervision and Coordination Word [2004] 56), the scope of major hazard sources declaration and registration includes: 1. Storage tank area (storage tank); 2. Reservoir area (warehouse); 3. Production site; 4, pressure pipeline; 5. Boiler; 6, pressure vessel; 7. Coal mine (underground mining); 8. Metal and non-metal underground mines; 9. Tailings pond. According to the provisions of the national standard "Identification of Major Hazards" (GB18218-2000) and the "Production Safety Law", as well as the requirements of document 56, for the actual situation of enterprises, with reference to the scope of major hazards declaration and registration, the hazards involved in this report are identified.
Storage site critical scale
| class | The characteristics of the material | Critical quantity | Storage capacity |
| Highly toxic | Arsenic trioxide | 1000g | 450g |
| Mercuric chloride | 500g | ||
| Poison | Mercuric iodide | 100Kg | 1000g |
| Mercuric bromide | 200g | ||
| Noxious product | Mercuric acetate | 20t | 300g |
According to the definition of major hazard sources, it can be determined that the storage unit of highly toxic chemicals involved in this report is a storage unit for multiple varieties of substances, according to the calculation formula q1/Q1+q2/Q2... +qn/Qn≈0.96<1.
If the calculation result is less than 1, it does not meet the criteria for determining major hazard sources. According to this, it can be judged that the storage warehouse of highly toxic chemicals in the Quality Inspection Department does not constitute a major hazard source. However, since the substances stored in the warehouse are highly toxic substances, it is suggested that the enterprise should manage them in accordance with the goals of safe production, timely monitor the warehouse of dramatic drugs, formulate emergency rescue plans for accidents, organize regular drills according to the emergency plans, revise the plans according to the results of the drills, and report to the relevant administrative departments of the government for the record.
The fifth chapter is qualitative and quantitative safety evaluation
5.1 Evaluation of safety checklist method
Adopt the safety inspection list method, according to the relevant laws, regulations, standards and norms to check and evaluate whether the production safety conditions and safety conditions of the enterprise meet the safety requirements, and put forward rectification suggestions for the places that do not meet the safety requirements. The inspection and evaluation are divided into three aspects: (1) Safety management evaluation unit; (2) Evaluation unit for storage and use of highly toxic chemicals; ③ Auxiliary facilities evaluation unit.
5.1.1 Evaluation of safety management evaluation unit
According to The State Council of the People's Republic of China Decree No. 344 "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", "Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China", GB15603-95 "General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" and other relevant regulations and standards, The Safety Inspection List of the Safety Management Evaluation Unit has been compiled to conduct comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the enterprise's safety management organization, safety management system, safety technical regulations, safety management ledger, safety education system, accident prevention and management system, labor protection system, etc. On-site inspection contents, factual records and inspection results are shown in the following table.
Table 5-1 Safety check list of the safety management evaluation unit
| Serial number | Check item | Actual situation | Evaluation basis | Inspection result | remark |
| 1 | The personnel of hazardous chemicals units engaged in the production, marketing, storage, transportation and use of hazardous chemicals must receive training on relevant laws, regulations, rules and safety knowledge, professional technology, occupational health protection and emergency rescue knowledge, and they may take up their posts only after passing the examination | All QC operators receive relevant training | Article 4 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 2 | When producing, operating, transporting, storing and using hazardous substances or disposing of discarded hazardous substances, a production or business operation unit must implement relevant laws and regulations and national or industrial standards and establish a special safety management system | Safety management systems such as the Regulations on the Management and Emergency Management of Hazardous Chemicals have been established | Article 32 of the Work Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 3 | Production and business units shall educate and urge their employees to strictly implement their own rules and regulations on production safety and safety operation rules; And to the employees truthfully inform the workplace and the workplace of the risk factors, preventive measures and accident emergency measures | Conduct safety education for employees | Article 36 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 4 | Units that produce, manage and store dangerous goods shall set up production safety management agencies or have full-time production safety management personnel. | Be equipped with | Article 19 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 5 | The principal person in charge of a production or business entity and the personnel in charge of production safety management must have the knowledge of production safety and the management ability corresponding to the production or business activities of the entity | The main person in charge and the safety management personnel have the relevant management ability | Article 20 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 6 | The main persons in charge of the units that produce, manage and store dangerous goods, as well as the mining and construction units and the personnel in charge of production safety management shall be assessed by the relevant competent departments before they can take up their positions. | The main person in charge and the safety management personnel have passed the examination | Article 20 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 7 | The investment necessary for the conditions of production safety that a production or business operation unit should have shall be guaranteed by the decision-making body, the principal person in charge of the production or business operation unit or the individual investor, and shall bear the responsibility for the consequences resulting from the insufficient investment of funds necessary for production safety | Have appropriate security funding | Article 18 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 8 | Production and business units shall arrange funds for the provision of labor protection articles and training on production safety | There are funds for the provision of labor protective equipment | Article 39 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 9 | The production and business units shall conduct production safety education and training for the employees, ensure that the employees have the necessary knowledge of production safety, familiar with the relevant rules and regulations of production safety and safe operation procedures, and master the safe operation skills of the post. Without safety production education and training qualified employees, shall not be on the job. | Educate and train employees on production safety | Article 21 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 10 | Operators should know the emergency measures in case of emergency | grasp | HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 11 | The personnel in charge of production safety of a production or business operation unit shall, in accordance with the characteristics of production or business operation of the unit, carry out regular inspections of the situation of production safety; Safety problems found in the inspection shall be dealt with immediately; If it cannot be handled, it shall report to the responsible person of the unit in a timely manner. The inspection and treatment shall be recorded. | Conduct regular safety checks | Article 38 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 12 | Regular professional safety inspection, mainly including: electrical safety inspection; Lightning and electrostatic safety check; Motor vehicle safety inspection; Safety inspection of loading, unloading, storage and transportation of chemical hazardous substances; Flood control and flood control safety inspection; Fire and explosion safety inspection | Conduct regular safety checks | HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 13 | The principal person in charge of a production or business entity shall organize the formulation and implementation of its own emergency rescue plan for production safety accidents | An emergency response plan has been organized and formulated | Article 17 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 14 | A hazardous chemical unit shall formulate its own emergency rescue plan for accidents, be equipped with emergency rescue personnel and necessary emergency rescue equipment and equipment, and organize exercises regularly. The emergency rescue plan for hazardous chemical accidents shall be submitted to the department responsible for the comprehensive supervision and administration of hazardous chemical safety of the municipal people's government divided into districts for the record. | The Emergency Management Regulations for the Management and Use of Hazardous Chemicals have been formulated, but they are not perfect | Article 50 of the Regulations on the Control of Hazardous Chemicals | Basically meet the requirements | |
| 15 | Whether to monitor the danger source in real time and establish a file | Real-time monitoring of hazard sources | HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 16 | Exercises should be organized regularly in accordance with the chemical accident emergency plan, and the plan should be revised in time | Unorganized drill | HG/T23008-92 Decree No. 344 of The State Council "Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals" | Not meet the requirements | The enterprise has planned to organize an emergency plan drill for relevant personnel within the unit before December 30, 2008 |
| 17 | After a casualty accident occurs, it shall be reported, investigated and handled in a timely manner in accordance with the Provisions on the Reporting and Handling of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees | In case of accident, as required | HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 18 | After a casualty accident, the door shall be investigated and analyzed in accordance with relevant regulations | In case of accident, as required | HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 19 | Before the case is closed, the "four do not let go" principle must be followed | In case of accident, as required | Security Agency Supervision II [2003] 50 | Meet the requirements | |
| 20 | They should consciously accept the supervision and guidance of economic and trade administrative departments, public security departments, quality inspection departments, environmental protection departments, transportation departments, public health administrative departments, industrial and commercial administrative departments on the safety management of hazardous chemicals | Accept supervision and guidance from relevant departments | Decree No. 344 of The State Council "Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals" | Meet the requirements | |
| 21 | Warehouses storing chemical dangerous goods must establish a strict management system for entering and leaving the warehouse | Have been established | Article 8.1 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements |
* Check list results analysis
The Safety Management evaluation unit of the company was analyzed and evaluated with the Safety Management Evaluation Unit Safety Inspection List. According to the inspection results, among all the 21 inspection contents, 1 item was unqualified, 1 item was basically qualified, and 19 items were qualified, accounting for 90% of all the inspection items, which can be regarded as basically meeting the safety requirements.
Among them, the emergency rescue plan formulated by the enterprise is not perfect, and it is recommended to prepare it according to the relevant standards and requirements. The unqualified items are mainly that the enterprise has not conducted drills in accordance with the emergency treatment plan for hazardous chemical accidents that has been formulated. In view of the nonconforming item, the enterprise should make rectification, regularly conduct drills in accordance with the established emergency response plan for hazardous chemical accidents, and revise it.
5.1.2 Evaluation unit for storage and use of highly toxic chemicals
According to the Decree of The State Council of the People's Republic of China No. 344 "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", "Law of the People's Republic of China on Production Safety", GB17916-1999 "Technical Conditions for the Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities", GB15603-95 "General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" and other relevant regulations and standards, The Safety Inspection Table of Highly Toxic Chemicals Storage and Use Evaluation Unit has been prepared to conduct comprehensive inspection and evaluation on the storage facilities and storage conditions of highly toxic chemicals in the monitoring center. The contents of on-site inspection, factual records and inspection results are shown in the following table.
Table 5-2 Safety check list of evaluation unit for storage and use of highly toxic chemicals
| Serial number | Check item | Actual situation | Evaluation basis | Inspection result | remark |
| 1 | Hazardous chemicals must be stored in special warehouses and special sites, the storage methods, methods and storage quantities must meet national standards, and be managed by special personnel | Highly toxic drugs are stored in special warehouses | Article 22 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 2 | Production and business units must provide employees with labor protection articles that meet the national standards or industrial standards, and supervise and educate employees to wear and use them in accordance with the rules for use | Operators are equipped with labor protection equipment | Article 37 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 3 | In the course of operation, employees shall strictly abide by the rules and regulations of production safety and operation procedures of the unit, obey the management, and correctly wear and use labor protection articles | Operators operate in strict accordance with the rules and regulations and operating procedures | Article 49 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 4 | Employees shall receive education and training in production safety, master the knowledge of production safety required for their own work, improve production safety skills, and enhance accident prevention and emergency handling capabilities | Operators receive safety education and training | Article 50 of the Production Safety Law | Meet the requirements | |
| 5 | Hazardous chemicals must be checked and registered when entering or leaving the warehouse, and the inventory of hazardous chemicals shall be checked regularly | Highly toxic chemicals shall be checked and registered in and out of the warehouse | Article 22 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 6 | Highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals with major hazardous sources must be stored separately in special warehouses, and the system of sending and receiving by two persons and keeping by two persons shall be implemented. The storage unit shall report the quantity, location and management personnel of highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute major hazards to the local public security department and the department responsible for the comprehensive supervision and management of hazardous chemicals for the record | Highly toxic chemicals are stored in special warehouses, and the system of sending and receiving by two persons and keeping by two persons is implemented. The storage of highly toxic chemicals has been reported to the local public security department for the record | Article 22 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 7 | Production, scientific research, medical treatment and other units that regularly use highly toxic chemicals shall apply to the public security department of the municipal people's government divided into districts for a purchase certificate, and purchase with the purchase certificate | When purchasing highly toxic chemicals, apply to the public security department for a purchase certificate, and purchase with the purchase certificate | Article 34 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 8 | Where highly toxic chemicals are transported by road, the shipper shall apply to the public security department of the people's government at the county level of the destination for a road transport permit for highly toxic chemicals | Such as the transport of highly toxic chemicals, transport permits, entrusted with transport qualifications | Article 22 of the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals | Meet the requirements | |
| 9 | Chemical dangerous goods shall be stored in a special chemical dangerous goods warehouse approved by the public security department, and no chemical dangerous goods storage warehouse shall be set up at will without approval | The chemical warehouse is approved by the public security fire department | Article 4.2 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 10 | The warehouse storing chemical dangerous goods must be equipped with technical personnel with professional knowledge, the warehouse and the place should be managed by special personnel, and the management personnel must be equipped with reliable personal safety protective equipment | Highly toxic chemicals warehouse is equipped with special management personnel, management personnel have professional knowledge | Article 4.4 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 11 | The stored chemical dangerous goods should be clearly marked, and the marks should comply with the provisions of GB190 | Set up conspicuous signs | Article 4.6 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 12 | According to the performance of dangerous goods, classification, storage, all kinds of dangerous goods shall not be mixed with contraindicated materials storage | Highly toxic chemicals are stored separately and not mixed with contraindicated materials | Article 4.8 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 13 | Smoking and the use of open flames are strictly prohibited in buildings and areas where dangerous chemicals are stored | No open flame used, but no warning signs | Article 4.9 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Not meet the requirements | Companies have scheduled the installation of warning signs by December 30, 2008 |
| 14 | Chemical dangerous goods that can cause combustion, explosion or chemical reaction in case of fire, heat or tide, and produce toxic gases shall not be stored in the open air or in damp and waterlogged buildings | Highly toxic chemicals are not stored in the open air or in damp, waterlogged buildings | Article 6.3 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 15 | Toxic substances should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place, do not store in the open air, do not approach acid substances | Highly toxic chemicals are stored indoors | Article 6.8 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 16 | When storing chemical dangerous goods, the quality, quantity, packaging and leakage of the goods should be strictly inspected | Highly toxic chemicals are strictly inspected when they are stored | Article 7.1 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 17 | After the storage of hazardous chemicals, appropriate maintenance measures should be taken. During the storage period, regular inspection should be conducted to find quality changes, packaging damage, leakage, etc., and timely treatment should be carried out | Maintenance measures such as temperature and humidity measurement shall be taken for storage of highly toxic chemicals | Article 7.2 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 18 | When loading and unloading items that are toxic or corrosive to the human body, the operator should wear the appropriate protective equipment according to the risk | Operators wear protective equipment | Article 8.5 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 19 | According to the characteristics of chemical dangerous goods, use chemical or physical methods to dispose of waste articles, shall not be arbitrarily abandoned and pollute the environment | The resulting highly toxic waste liquid is uniformly stored, neutralized and disposed of in sewers | Article 10.3 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Basically meet the requirements | |
| 20 | The warehouse should be well-structured, dry and well ventilated. Mechanical ventilation detoxification must have the necessary safety protection measures | Highly toxic chemical warehouse structure is complete, dry, well ventilated | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 3.1.1 | Meet the requirements | |
| 21 | Warehouses for highly toxic chemicals should be kept away from residential areas and water sources | The warehouse of highly toxic chemicals is located in the factory area of the enterprise, far away from residential areas and water sources | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 3.2.2 | Meet the requirements | |
| 22 | Different kinds of drugs should be stored separately, different levels of danger and fire extinguishing methods should be stored separately, and the nature of the opposite is prohibited | Highly toxic chemicals are not mixed with contraindicated materials | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 3.2.3 | Meet the requirements | |
| 23 | The temperature of the reservoir area should not exceed 35 ° C, the volatile drug should be controlled below 32 ° C, the relative humidity should be below 85%, and the delixifying drug should be controlled below 80% | Control the temperature and humidity in the reservoir area and keep it within the control range | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 3.4 | Meet the requirements | |
| 24 | Loading and unloading personnel should have the knowledge of handling drugs, handling gently, not collision, upside down, to prevent packaging damage, commodity spillover | Stevedores operate as required | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 7.1 | Meet the requirements | |
| 25 | Operators should wear gloves and corresponding respirator or mask, wear protective clothing | Operators wear appropriate labor protection equipment | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 7.2 | Meet the requirements | |
| 26 | Do not eat, drink, or wipe your mouth, face, or eyes with your hands. After each operation, it is necessary to wash the face and hands with soap (or special detergent) in time, gargle with water, and the protective equipment should be cleaned in time and stored in a centralized manner | The operation process is carried out as required | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 7.3 | Meet the requirements |
* Check list results analysis
The evaluation unit of storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in the monitoring center was analyzed and evaluated with the Safety Inspection Table of the evaluation unit of storage and use of highly toxic chemicals. According to the inspection results, among all 26 inspection contents, 1 item was unqualified and 25 items were qualified, accounting for 96% of all inspection items, which can be regarded as basically meeting the safety requirements.
Among them, the non-conforming items are mainly that the storage area of highly toxic chemicals is not set up warning signs such as strictly prohibited fireworks. In view of the nonconforming items, the enterprise should make rectification and set up warning signs such as strictly prohibiting fireworks in the storage warehouse of highly toxic chemicals.
5.1.3 Auxiliary facilities evaluation unit evaluation
According to the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, GB17916-1999 "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities", GB15603-95 "General Rules for Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" and other relevant regulations and standards, The Auxiliary Facilities Evaluation Unit Safety Check List was prepared to conduct comprehensive inspection and evaluation on the safety of the auxiliary facilities of highly toxic chemicals in the monitoring center. The contents of on-site inspection, factual records and inspection results are shown in the following table.
Table 5-3 Safety check list of auxiliary facilities evaluation unit
| Serial number | Check item | Actual situation | Evaluation basis | Inspection result | remark |
| 1 | Enterprises engaged in production, storage, transportation, operation and use must implement the state regulations on fire control safety | The dangerous goods warehouse has passed the inspection by the public security fire department | Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China | Meet the requirements | |
| 2 | The management ledger of anti-gas appliance storage cabinets, the management ledger of fire fighting equipment and the distribution ledger of labor protection appliances (products) should be established | Security management ledger has been established | HG/T23001-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 3 | Warehouse conditions according to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals should meet the national standards for safety, fire protection requirements and regular safety inspections | The warehouse conducts regular safety checks | Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, HG/T23008-92 | Meet the requirements | |
| 4 | The fire power equipment of chemical dangerous goods storage buildings and places should be able to fully meet the needs of fire power | Meet fire protection needs | Article 5.3.1 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 5 | Chemical dangerous goods storage area or building power transmission and distribution lines, lamps, fire accident lighting and evacuation signs, should meet the safety requirements | No evacuation indication sign | Article 5.3.2 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Not meet the requirements | Evacuation signs are planned to be in place by 30 December 2008 |
| 6 | Buildings storing dangerous chemicals must install ventilation equipment, and pay attention to the protective measures of the equipment | Install ventilation and ventilation equipment | Article 5.4.1 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 7 | According to the characteristics of dangerous goods and warehouse conditions, the corresponding fire fighting equipment, facilities and fire extinguishing agents must be configured, and equipped with trained part-time and full-time fire personnel | The quality control department has been equipped with fire fighting equipment | Article 9.1 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Meet the requirements | |
| 8 | Automatic monitoring and fire alarm systems should be installed in buildings storing dangerous chemicals according to warehouse conditions | No fire alarm system installed | Article 9.2 of General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods | Not meet the requirements | Because the reagent room currently used by the enterprise may be relocated in 1-2 years, the company will set up an automatic control monitoring system when designing the new site of the reagent room, and now requires the on-duty personnel of the company's security department to strengthen patrol and inspection |
| 9 | Dramatic drugs should be stored in a special warehouse or in a single room separated from each other, anti-theft alarms should be installed, and double locks should be installed on the door of the warehouse | The drug storage warehouse is stored in a single room, has been installed anti-theft alarm, the door is equipped with double lock | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 3.2.4 | Meet the requirements | |
| 10 | Check regularly whether the facilities, fire fighting equipment and protective appliances in the warehouse are complete and effective | Safety facilities are checked regularly | Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Toxic Commodities, Article 6.2.1.3 | Meet the requirements |
* Check list results analysis
The Auxiliary Facilities evaluation unit of the Quality inspection Department of the enterprise was analyzed and evaluated with the Safety Inspection List of the auxiliary Facilities evaluation Unit. According to the inspection results, among all the 10 inspection contents, 2 items were unqualified and 8 items were qualified, accounting for 80% of all the inspection items, which can be regarded as basically meeting the safety requirements.
Among them, the non-conforming items are mainly the failure to set evacuation indication signs in the storage area of hazardous chemicals in the quality inspection department and the failure to install a fire alarm system. In view of the above nonconforming items, enterprises should make corrections, set up evacuation signs in the storage area of hazardous chemicals, install fire alarm systems, and ensure the safety of hazardous chemicals storage.
5.2 Safety evaluation of accident tree analysis
5.2.1 Evaluation process
According to the identification results of 4.2 Main dangerous and harmful factors, the poisoning risk is the most dangerous in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in the quality inspection department of enterprises. For this risk factor, the accident tree analysis method is used to analyze and evaluate it, and the evaluation process is as follows:
(1) Determination of overhead events
According to its hazard characteristics, "highly toxic chemical poisoning accident" is selected as the top event.
(2) Cause analysis of the event
1) The operator does not wear labor protective equipment;
2) The operator does not strictly implement the operation procedures of receiving and analyzing highly toxic chemicals;
3) The operator is not trained or the training is not paid attention to;
4) Highly toxic chemicals are not stored in strict accordance with requirements;
5) Analyze the poor quality of the container.
(3) Tree diagram of poisoning accidents of highly toxic chemicals
For details, see Figure 5-1.
(4) Find the minimum cut set
The accident tree structure function is as follows:
T1=A1·A2 A1=B1+B2 A2=X6+X7
B1=C1+X1 B2=C2+X2
C1=X3+X4 C2=X4+X5
Using Boolean algebra method to calculate, after simplification, the minimum cut set is obtained:
K1={X3X6} K2={X4X6} K3={X1X6} K4={X5X6} K5={X3X7} K7={X4X7} K9={X5X7} K10={X2X7}
(5) Structural importance analysis
Assuming that the probability of each basic event is equal, the structural importance of the basic event is determined by using the approximation method as follows:
IΦ (6) = IΦ (7) >IΦ (1) = IΦ (2) = IΦ (3) >IΦ (4) = IΦ (5)
5.2.2 Analysis of evaluation results
From the above calculation results, it can be seen that the minimum cut set is 10, that is, there are at least 10 ways to cause highly toxic chemical poisoning accidents. Among them, the structure of the basic event X6 (the operator did not wear labor protective equipment) and X7 (the operator did not receive safety education and training or did not attract attention) is the most important reason for the accident. In addition, other minimum cut sets in the accident tree are also the cause of highly toxic chemical poisoning accidents.
Figure 5-1 Highly toxic chemical poisoning accident tree
Chapter VI evaluation suggestions
Through the previous status analysis and on-site safety inspection, although the enterprise has developed safety protection measures for the main dangers and harmful factors in storage and use. Most of these measures are reasonable, feasible and effective. But the problems can't be ignored. In order to strengthen the control of dangerous and harmful factors, improve the safety of enterprise storage and use, and reduce unnecessary accidents, some safety countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for reference.
6.1 Main safety technical countermeasures existing in the enterprise
1) In order to ensure the safe operation in the process of storage and use, various safety management systems have been established, such as "Management Regulations for the storage and Transportation of chemical dangerous Goods", "Management Regulations for Flammable, explosive and easily manufactured drugs", "Management Regulations for Chemical Reagents and their formulated Solutions", "Management Regulations for highly toxic reagents in Laboratory", "Company fire safety Management Regulations", etc. It provides a reliable guarantee for the safe storage and use of hazardous chemicals.
2) The analytical operation process is carried out in strict accordance with relevant national standards to ensure the stability and reliability of the operation, and fundamentally ensure the safe management of the operation.
3) The operator has learned the relevant safety knowledge in the enterprise, mastered the physical and chemical properties of the highly toxic chemicals used, done a good job of personal protection, and understood the first aid measures and preventive measures for poisoning.
4) The Management Regulations for the Management of Hazardous Chemicals and the Use of Safety Emergency Plans have been prepared to conduct real-time monitoring of hazard sources.
5) The highly toxic chemical warehouse is set up independently, and the management implements the "five pairs" management system of highly toxic items with "double custody, double receipt and receipt, double receipt, double account and double lock".
6) The waste liquid of highly toxic chemicals used is not discharged, stored in the waste container, and passed into the sewer after neutralization.
7) The storage and use area of hazardous chemicals in the Quality control department of the company has been equipped with fire fighting equipment, and the warehouse of highly toxic chemicals has been installed with anti-theft alarm devices.
8) Regular legal and safety education, strengthen safety information management, invest appropriate safety funds, etc., so that the storage and use process can be basically safe production.
6.2 Additional technical security measures are recommended
1) Implement dynamic tracking management of highly toxic chemicals throughout the process, establish and improve the registration system for storage, use and purchase, implement storage and custody safety management measures, faithfully register the flow records of purchase, issuance and use, and strictly prevent loss and theft.
2) Carry out safety education and training for analysis and operation personnel, warehouse custodians, procurement personnel and other practitioners, and implement the certificate system.
3) To improve the preparation of emergency plans, its basic contents should include: (1) basic information; (2) the dangerous target and its dangerous characteristics and the impact on the surrounding area; (3) Safety, fire, personal protection equipment and equipment available around the dangerous target and their distribution; (4) emergency rescue organization, composition and duty division; (5) alarm and communication methods; (6) the measures to be taken after the accident; (7) emergency evacuation and evacuation of personnel; (8) Isolation of dangerous areas; (9) detection, rescue, rescue and control measures; (10) on-site rescue, treatment and hospital treatment of the injured; (11) On-site protection and on-site decontamination; (12) Emergency rescue support; (13) Pre-plan classification response conditions; (14) Accident emergency rescue termination procedures; (15) Emergency training plan; (16) Drill plan; (17) Annex. And in accordance with the chemical accident emergency plan to organize regular drills, records, and according to the drill in time to revise the plan.
4) Set up a variety of fire prevention and warning signs in the prominent position of the highly toxic chemical warehouse, and set up safety signs indicating the dangerous characteristics, danger levels and precautions of dangerous goods stored.
5) Set up automatic fire alarm devices in hazardous chemical storage areas.
6) Strictly control the temperature and humidity in the warehouse of highly toxic chemicals, set the temperature and humidity table in the warehouse, observe and record on time, so that it is kept within the appropriate range.
7) Formulate operational procedures for analysis, operation, warehouse management and other positions, and clarify operational methods and safety precautions under different circumstances.
8) The drug warehouse should always be ventilated and detoxicated, and necessary safety measures should be taken if mechanical ventilation is used.
9) Check the warehouse every day to check whether flammable materials are cleaned and whether the storage conditions are abnormal; In case of special weather, check the goods for damage.
10) Regularly check whether the facilities, fire equipment and protective appliances in the warehouse are safe and effective.
11) Inspect highly toxic chemicals, check whether the packaging, sealing, liner is damaged, and whether the appearance and quality of the product are changed.
12) The import and export of highly toxic chemicals must be carried out in strict accordance with the import and export management system, and double and double lock review and release shall be carried out, and detailed records shall be recorded for reference.
13) When loading and unloading highly toxic chemicals, the loading and unloading personnel should have the general knowledge of handling drugs, and handle them gently during operation, without collision or inversion, to prevent packaging damage and commodity spillover.
14) Operators should wear gloves and corresponding gas masks or masks, wear protective clothing; Do not eat, drink, or wipe your mouth, face, or eyes with your hands. After each operation, the face and hands must be washed with soap (or professional detergent) in time, gargle with water, and protective appliances should be cleaned in time and stored in a centralized manner.
15) For the disposal of highly toxic waste liquid, the quality inspection department of the enterprise adopts a unified collection after chemical neutralization and treatment, and then discharge into the sewer. Although this treatment method also meets the requirements, it is still recommended to classify the highly toxic waste liquid generated during the operation according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals. It shall be disposed of regularly by units qualified for the disposal of hazardous chemicals.
16) Due to the limitations of the current enterprise conditions, the highly toxic chemicals and other dangerous chemicals are stored in a warehouse, although the corresponding security measures have been taken, such as the drug warehouse double doors, double locks, anti-theft alarm facilities, etc., but there is still a certain mutual influence between them. It is recommended that enterprises in the future, if the conditions are available, will be set up separately from other dangerous goods warehouse, to prevent the mutual influence between the two, to ensure the safety of the storage process.
Chapter 7: Evaluation conclusion
This report adopts the method of safety inspection list for the safety assessment of the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises. 92% of the inspected items meet the requirements of relevant national laws, regulations, standards and norms, and all important inspection items have been included.
The accident tree analysis method is adopted to analyze and evaluate the most dangerous poisoning accidents of highly toxic chemicals in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises, and compare the storage and use conditions and conditions of highly toxic chemicals in enterprises and the safety countermeasures taken. We believe that the labor safety risks in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals can be effectively controlled (reducing the possibility of accidents and reducing the losses caused by accidents), that is, the enterprise has taken a series of safety measures in view of the dangerous and harmful factors in the storage and use of highly toxic chemicals, combined with the characteristics of the enterprise:
1) In order to ensure the safe operation in the process of storage and use, various safety management systems have been established, such as "Management Regulations for the storage and Transportation of chemical dangerous Goods", "Management Regulations for Flammable, explosive and easily manufactured drugs", "Management Regulations for Chemical Reagents and their formulated Solutions", "Management Regulations for highly toxic reagents in Laboratory", "Company fire safety Management Regulations", etc. It provides a reliable guarantee for the safe storage and use of hazardous chemicals.
2) The analytical operation process is carried out in strict accordance with relevant national standards to ensure the stability and reliability of the operation, and fundamentally ensure the safe management of the operation.
3) The operator has learned the relevant safety knowledge in the enterprise, mastered the physical and chemical properties of the highly toxic chemicals used, done a good job of personal protection, and understood the first aid measures and preventive measures for poisoning.
4) The Management Regulations for the Management of Hazardous Chemicals and the Use of Safety Emergency Plans have been prepared to conduct real-time monitoring of hazard sources.
5) Highly toxic chemical warehouses are set up independently, and the management system of "double custody, double receipt and receipt, double receipt, double account and double lock" is implemented.
6) The use of highly toxic chemical waste liquid is not discharged, unified collection after chemical neutralization and treatment into the sewer.
7) The highly toxic chemical warehouse has been equipped with fire-fighting equipment and anti-theft alarm devices.
8) Regular legal and safety education, strengthen safety information management, invest appropriate safety funds, etc., so that the storage and use process can be basically safe production.
Evaluation conclusion: The safety status of storage and use of highly toxic chemicals in XXXXX company basically meets the safety requirements.
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