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In the spring of 1947,
Shanxi Chaji Military Region
With all the field army (three columns) and a local unit, the enemy in North China concentrated heavily in the area north of Baoding, which was relatively empty on the southern front, and launched the Zhengtai Campaign from April 9 to May 8 in order to open up a battlefield on the southern front.
The battle annihilated the enemy and outside Shijiazhuang
Yan Xishan
It had 12 regiments, a total of 35,000 men, of whom 25,400 were captured (including 5 major-general officers); Controlled 180 km of Zhengtai Road; Taiyuan was cut off from the enemies of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang was isolated and Taiyuan was threatened; Liberated Zhengding, Luancheng, Jingxing,
Yuxian County
Pingding, Shouyang, Dingxiang and other 7 counties and Yangquan, Jingxing, Huangdangou and other 3 mining areas; It changed the situation that Taihang and Ji-Jin liberated areas were divided for a long time; Get through to me
Shanxi-chahar-hebei region
with
Jin, Hebei, Lu and Henan
The connection of liberated areas.
[4]
- Chinese name
- Battle of Zhengtai
- Foreign name
- Zhengding－Taiyuan Campaign
- Geographical position
- Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province
- Occurrence time
- From 9 April 1947 to 8 May 1947 [3-4]
- corps
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Shanxi Chaji military Region troops
- Annihilate the enemy
- More than 35,000 people
catalogue
- 1Overview of the campaign
- ▪backdrop
- ▪Go by
- ▪outcome
- 2Course of action
- ▪The first stage is to capture Zhengding and sweep away the enemy outside Shijiazhuang
In the spring of 1947, the Kuomintang army concentrated its forces
Key attack
The liberated areas of Shandong and northern Shaanxi turned defensive in other battlefields. In order to secure strategic areas in North China, maintain traffic lines, and maintain contact with Northeast China, the regular-army of Beiping (now Beijing) contracted its nine regular army units in Beiping, Tianjin, Baoding and the Pingsui Railway section from Beiping to Zhangjiakou, Beining Railway section from Beiping to Shanhaiguan, and Pinghan Railway section from Beiping to Shijiazhuang. With a total of 7 regiments of the 94th and 16th armies, they carried out local attacks on areas north of the Daqing River in the liberated areas of Central Hebei. in
Shijiazhuang (in Hebei Province)
Only two divisions of the 3rd Army, one division of the 43rd Army and a security team were on guard in the eastern section of the Zhengdin-Taiyuan Railway. Commander and political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region
Nie Rongzhen
In accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on advancing and advancing, fully taking the initiative to fight the weak enemy behind the weak enemy first, in view of the weakness of dividing the eastern and western sections of the Zhengtai Railway into Beiping Xingyuan and the Taiyuan "appeasement" Office, the command is not unified, and we are determined to concentrate the three columns of the field army in the Central Hebei, Hebei and Jin military region troops to carry out the Zhengtai campaign, and first annihilate the Kuomintang army outside Shijiazhuang. Then along the Zhengtai railway to the west to develop the offensive, seeking to wipe out the Kuomintang army sent out to Taiyuan. At the same time, the troops of the Central Hebei Military region contained the Kuomintang army attacking north of the Daqing River.
In the early morning of April 9, 1947, the operation outside Shijiazhuang began.
Shanxi Chaji Military Region
The 2nd and 3rd columns attacked the defenders of Anfeng and Zhengding, while the 4th column mainly attacked the defenders of Fangcun, Luancheng and Beigu. By the 12th of the battle, Zhengding and Luancheng counties and more than 90 outlying points of Shijiazhuang were captured, and more than 10,000 defenders were wiped out, resulting in the capture of Shijiazhuang. The 3rd Army of the Kuomintang Army then retreated to Shijiazhuang city to await assistance.
During this period, the 94th and 16th armies of the Kuomintang Army between Beiping, Baoding and Tianjin moved to the liberated areas of Central Hebei
Daqing River
The northern area was attacked and the town of Shengfang was captured; Baoding's 53rd Army reinforced to the south, reaching the Fangshunqiao and Wangdu areas. The Shanxi-Cha-Hebei Military Region was not affected by the actions of the Kuomintang army, and the troops of the Central Hebei Military region engaged in the attack of the enemy north of the Daqing River, and the local troops monitored the enemy in the south of Baoding, and the main force was still in accordance with the planned development of the Zhengding area along the Zhengtai Railway attack on the 14th. By the 17th, the two counties of Hulu and Jingxing and the Jingxing mining area were captured, opening the road to the west.
At this time, the Kuomintang Baoding "appeasement" office in order to solve the danger of the third Army, the urgent will be in the Daqing River north of the 94th Army and other departments back to Baoding, reinforce Shijiazhuang, in an attempt to contain the Jincha-Hebei military area force. The Shanxi-Cha-Ji Military Region continued to adopt the policy of "you fight yours, I fight mine" (each fighting his own), that is, to block the Kuomintang army assisted by the south with local troops in the Wangdu and Fangshunqiao areas, to gather the 4th column in the Jingxing area as a reserve, and to continue westward with the 2nd and 3rd columns. From 22nd to 25th, the second column approached Yangquan from the north; The third column captured Niangzi Pass and entered the area to the east and south of Yangquan, forming a tendency with the second column to attack Yangquan. Taiyuan "appeasement" office in order to ensure Yangquan, urgent order 33rd Army 71st Division, temporary 46th division and other departments a total of 5 groups from Taiyuan, Xin County (today
Xinzhou
By train, they entered Yangquan and Saiyu areas on the 25th, increasing the number of Kuomintang defenders in the area to more than 11,000. The Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region then changed to the 3rd column to contain the Yangquan garrison from the front; A second column to the northwest of Shouyang detour, to 28 captured
Yuxian County
Cheng, Zongai town, etc.; The 4th column entered the Qinquan area on the 29th and cut off traffic between Yangquan and Shouyang. The first independent brigade of the Ji-Jin Military Region captured the town of Dingxiang County and pinned down the Kuomintang Army in Taiyuan. Two divisions of the 33rd Army of the Kuomintang Army, which entered the Yangquan area, were afraid of being wiped out, and withdrew on the 29th, when they entered the Xianshi Yi (today's Xianshi) area, they were blocked by the fourth column, and were forced to move into the defense.
On May 1, the troops of the Jincha-Hebei Military Region closed in on Yangquan, and the first part of the Second column captured the railway stations of Masou and Shanghu, southwest of Shouyang, cutting off the connection between Shouyang and Taiyuan. Local forces captured the town of Duan Wang on the northeastern outskirts of Taiyuan. Taiyuan "appeasement" office judge that the troops of the Shanxi Chaji military region will attack
Taiyuan
, accordingly
Yangquan
The defenders and the 33rd Army, which had been blocked in the Xianshi Yi area, quickly concentrated on Shouyang, preparing to return to Taiyuan. On the 2nd, when the 10th Corps of the Kuomintang Army temporarily withdrew from Yangquan to the area of Xianshi Yi to meet with the 33th Army, the troops of the Shanxi-Chaji Military Region immediately launched a full-line attack, and the war ended on the 4th, wiping out more than 10,000 people, and its remnants fled to Yuci. During this period, the troops of the Central Hebei Military area annihilated more than 1,000 troops of the 94th Army and other departments of the Kuomintang Army, which were reinforced from the Baoding area to the south.
In this battle, the troops of the Shanxi-Cha-Hebei Military Region wiped out more than 35,000 Kuomintang troops, liberated 7 county towns and Jingxing, Yangquan, Huangdangou and other mining areas, controlled more than 180 kilometers of railway between Huolu and Yuci, isolated the Kuomintang garrison at the strategic point of Shijiazhuang, and played an important role in reversing the war in North China. (Published by: Chinese Military Encyclopedia Editorial Office
[1]
)
At 1 o 'clock on April 9, 1947, my 2nd and 3rd columns first attacked the enemy at Xin 'an, Pingle, Daxiaobaizhuang, and Caocun, quickly capturing most of the strongholds and wiping out most of the enemy. The 17th Regiment of the 7th Division was very cunning and retreated at a touch, attempting to enter Zhengding County with a strong wind. My 3rd column immediately pursued the enemy, captured more than 100 of them, and captured Zhengding Station
Hutuo River
The bridge position destroyed the Zhengding Railway Bridge and cut Zhengding off from the enemy in Shijiazhuang. The second column cleared the strongholds of Zhao Village and Zhuhe to the southeast of Zhengding, and by April 10, the enemy's strongholds on the outskirts of Zhengding were all cleared, and I took advantage of the situation to form a encirclement of Zhengding City.
Located on the Pinghan Line, Zhengding County was the barrier to the north of Shijiazhuang and the core of the enemy's strongholds north of the Hutuo River. Defend against
Hu Zongnan
The 19th Regiment of the 7th Division of the 3rd Army. The 13th regiment, 14th Regiment and dry training Regiment of the 5th Battalion of the Puppet Security forces, as well as the puppet security battalions of the surrounding counties, numbered more than 6,000. Zhengding city is 12 meters high (3 meters 6 feet), more than 6 meters thick (about 2 meters), 10 kilometers in circumference, after years of operation by the Japanese puppet and Jiang Army, the pillbox is lined with fortifications; The moat outside the city is about 7 to 10 meters wide, and the water depth is 30 to 50 centimeters.
At 18:00 on April 11, I launched an attack on Zhengding. First, I focused fire on the enemy's city walls and suppressed the fire points. Then, the second column attacked the enemy from the east and south sides, and the third column attacked the enemy from the west and north sides at the same time. Follow-on force
[5]
It opened the way, played a key role in breaking through the city. Then the 4th Brigade broke through to the east of the city, and the 7th Brigade broke through to the west of the city, disrupting the enemy's deployment in several ways, and all the remaining enemies retreated to the area around the Buddhist Temple, the Catholic Church and Zhengding Middle School, and fought back five or six times in a row for the final struggle. On the morning of the 12th, I launched an attack on the enemy, and at 8 o 'clock all the enemies were wiped out, and Liu Haidong, deputy commander of the enemy's 7th Division, was captured alive by me.
At the same time that my second and third columns attacked from the north bank of the Hutuo River, the 10th Brigade of the fourth column attacked Fangcun and Baifa, and the 11th Brigade attacked Hantong, Songying Village, and Liuzhuang Town, wiping out all the enemies at the above points on the same day, wiping out two companies of the 32nd Division of the enemy's Third Army, and wiping out all the reinforced security brigade. Then the victory with a straight into the south of Shijiazhuang Gaoqian, sinus woman two stations, one surrounded the enemy of Luancheng. On April 10, he cooperated with the 11th Army division troops to attack Luancheng, and broke into the city in only 7 minutes, wiping out about 800 defenders.
At the same time, the 12th Brigade captured Nanhuzhuang and Beigucheng in the northwest suburbs of Shijiazhuang and destroyed the railway between Shijiazhuang and Huolu. On 16 April, the 9th Brigade of the 3rd Column and the 12th Brigade of the 4th Column captured the town of Lucheng, west of Shijiazhuang, killing more than 1,300 people. Effectively cooperate with the main force of combat operations.
After the 4th column captured Luanchheng, the main force shifted to the south, and attacked the Yuan clan at 17:00 on April 18. Due to the lack of clear reconnaissance of the enemy's troop deployment and firepower, insufficient estimation of the extreme political reaction of the enemy's reactionary local armed forces, and the lack of thorough preparation for the battle, the enemy's stubborn resistance failed to allow us to attack the Yuan Clan several times, the military district decided to abandon the attack. The column was moved west on 20 April.
Due to the rapid development of the campaign and the active activities of our local troops, although the 53rd Army of the enemy of Baoding once occupied our Shunqiao, Wangdu and other places, they did not dare to enter again under my strong resistance. In early April, a total of seven regiments of the 94th Army and the 95th Brigade of the 22nd Division of the 16th Army carried out a sweep of Hebei Province, and when the enemy entered the area near Shengfang, it was blocked by the 7th Independent Brigade of the Central Hebei Military Region and the troops of the 10th Military Division. In the situation where the enemy's strength was three times that of mine, the fierce battle lasted seven days and nights, and the enemy was killed 2,300 people. Until the end of the Zhengtai Battle, the enemy was always pinned down in the corner of Shengfang and the victory of the offensive direction was guaranteed.
The first phase of our army's combat operations forced the Third Army, the main enemy defending Shijiazhuang, to retreat in the urban area. In mid-April, in order to strengthen the defense of Shijiazhuang, the enemy airlifted the 22nd Division of the 16th Army by Baoding
[6]
The 66th regiment reinforced, because the conditions for seizing Shijiazhuang were not yet mature, so I was determined to go west to the Zhengtai Line and continue to complete the second stage of the battle.
In the second stage, the army marched west to annihilate the enemy in the western section of Zhengtai Road
On April 22, 1947, the 3rd column moved with secret speed, detoured Pingshan County and quickly appeared on the flank of Jingxing and its mining area, and attacked it with sudden action
Jingxing County
City and mining center, completely wipe out Jingxing defensive enemy, continue to the natural danger
Niangzi Pass
Onward. Since the enemy relied on dense fort groups and stronger fortified areas to fight, the column avoided the periphery, struck the enemy's heart with heart-to-heart warfare, exchanged cover, attacked the enemy fort groups one by one, and captured Niangzi Pass on the 24th.
Yizeguan
Mohe Beach and other forts, opened the Yan army east Jin defense door. On the 25th, the main strongholds along the lines of Jieling (grain), chaotic Liu (flow), and Baiyanggraben were pressed straight to Pingding and Yangquan. In total, the column annihilated nearly 2,000 enemy troops, creating favorable conditions for the development of the second stage of the campaign.
The 2nd column divided by the 6th brigade garrison outside Zhengding, the main force through Hongzidian, on the 23rd to the north of Yangquan Baitupo, Beiyu, immediately Gu line, 24, 25 also with the heart of the battle, swept away Jucheng, Baiquan, Shang Yin Ying, Liuyu Mountain size of the fort more than 40 places, completely wiped out the enemy, breaking the enemy's control of the area north of Yangquan. On the 26th, the 5th Brigade continued to approach Yangquan, and the 4th Brigade occupied Jianshi Yi west of Yangquan, resulting in a situation where the two armies would attack Yangquan.
Yan Xishan
In order to prevent the attack of our army on Yangquan and Pingding, the 71st Division and the 46th division of the 33rd Army (each owing 1 regiment) from Taiyuan to the east, and on the 25th they advanced to Xianshi Yi, and I withdrew from the point in order to induce the enemy to continue to go deep. At the same time, the 10th Independent Corps, the enemy garrison at Yangquan, reinforced Pingding in three ways and confronted my 3rd Column at the foot of Pingding. In order to annihilate the main force of the enemy 33rd Army, the head of the field army was determined to break the enemy's return and encircle it in the Yangquan area. Occupy Zhangjing, Qinquan and Xianshi Yi with the 4th column to cut off the enemy's westward escape. The 5th brigade of the 2nd column occupied the Yuxian area, cut off the enemy's escape route to the north, and cut off the railway line between Shouyang and Taiyuan with a force. The 3rd Column and 4th Brigade of the 2nd Column completed the encircle of the enemy in Yangquan.
On April 27, the 4th column bypassed Yangquan and Saiyu to move back to the enemy side, occupied Zhangjing, Qinquan and Xianshi Yi stations on the 28th and 29th, blew up the Sangzhan Iron Bridge, cut off all the railways and highways west of Yangquan, and wiped out five battalions of the 8th Army Corps assisted by Shouyang North with the cooperation of the 2nd Column. On the night of the 25th, the 5th Brigade of the 2nd column attacked Yuxian with a forced march, and on the 26th killed a battalion of the enemy 49th Division and a division of Tuyan outside Yuxian. The main force of the second column continued westward to the area north of Shouyang on the 27th, and on the 28th and 29th
[7]
The day continued to conquer Jiechou, Zongai and other strongholds, as well as Huangdangou mining area and the Shanghu railway station west of Shouyang, cutting off the connection between Shouyang and Taiyuan, and isolating Shouyang. At this point, the outer front of the enclosure has been completed. After defeating the enemy's 10th Independent Corps reinforcements to Pingding, the 3rd Column continued to approach Yangquan and maintain contact with the enemy, trapping the enemy, and penetrating the south of Pingding with a force to encirclement Yangquan from the south. The 4th Brigade of the 2nd Column, in cooperation with the 3rd Column, closed the entrance to the perimeter northwest of Yangquan, forming the inner front of the perimeter.
On May 1, the enemy of Yangquan defended the south of the city with the 5th Brigade of Security
Lion Brain Mountain
As a cover, the main 71st Division, the 46th Division and other departments, abandoned the city to break out to the northwest, into the measuring stone Yi, Saiyu, Wolf Valley area. Because the main force of our 4th column and the 4th Brigade of our 2nd column have formed deep control of the key traffic passes west and northwest of Yangquan, the enemy who broke out of the encirclement has re-besieged us. On May 2, my third column moved from east to west, and my fourth column moved from west to east to launch an attack on the encircled enemy, gradually shrinking the encircle and seizing the northwest plateau of Wolf Yu and the station of Jianshi. In order to escape the fate of annihilation, the enemy broke out on the third day and night. The remnants of the enemy's 46th and 71st divisions fled southwest from the south through Luomaosi Town, and my fourth column pursued and destroyed one, with about 1,000 men fleeing
Yuci
. On the same day, the 10th independent Corps of the enemy who fled to the northwest, through Qianzhuang and CAI Jiayu, rushed to the southwest of Yuxian Guanyin Hall, East and West South camp, East and West Guo Village area, and immediately blocked the 5th brigade of my 2nd column, and the 14th regiment of the brigade fought back the enemy group many times in hand-to-hand combat. The 4th Brigade also broke into Dongxiguo Village in a valiant move, and the troops of the 3rd column who followed the arrival of the enemy would annihilate the enemy. After fierce fighting, the enemy was completely wiped out at 22:00 on May 4 and captured more than 5,000 people under Jingyi, Major General commander of the 10th Independent Corps. At the same time, the enemy's fifth security team left in the Shino Mountain outside Yangquan launched a siege, first captured the power plant, cut off the enemy's water source, followed by military pressure and political offensive, forced more than 500 enemy battalion leaders to surrender their arms to our third column. On May 4, the enemy of Shouyang fled west for fear of annihilation after my 5th Brigade occupied the station, and I liberated the city. On May 8, the 5th Brigade approached Yuci City, which was only twenty or thirty kilometers away from Taiyuan. The first brigade of Jijin independence captured Dingxiang. At this point, the battle was over.
[8]
-
2nd Column (4th, 5th, 6th Brigades)
-
3rd Column (7th, 8th, 9th Brigades)
-
4th Column (10th, 11th, 12th Brigades)
-
Artillery brigade
-
The first brigade of the Jin-Hebei Independent Brigade
-
The third military division of Shanxi and Hebei
-
Jizhong 9th, 10th military division
-
The 11th military Division of Jizhong
-
Taihang 1st Military Division [9]
-
94th Corps (43rd, 5th, 121st Divisions)
-
53rd Corps (116th, 130th Divisions)
-
Reorganized the 95th Brigade
-
The 208th Division of the Youth Army
-
92nd Corps (21st, 56th, 142nd Divisions)
-
Integrated 62nd Division (95th, 151st, 157th Brigades)
-
13th Army
-
16th Corps (22nd, 94th, 109th Divisions)
-
35th Corps (101st, 31st, 32nd Divisions)
-
Temporary 3rd Army (Temporary 10th, Temporary 11th, and Temporary 17th divisions)
-
3rd Army (7th and 32nd Divisions)
-
19th Corps (68th, 37th, 40th Divisions)
-
33rd Corps (71st, 38th, 46th Divisions)
-
34th Corps (73rd, Provisional 44th, Provisional 45th Divisions)
-
43rd Army (70th, Provisional 49th, Provisional 39th Divisions)
-
61st Corps (66th, 69th, 72nd Divisions)
-
5th Security Division
-
The 8th and 10th squadrons were provisionally organized [10]
The Zhengtai Campaign successfully practiced the operational policy of concentrating superior forces, taking the initiative to attack, fighting mobile warfare and annihilation warfare
The first is to choose the direction of the campaign in the place where the Kuomintang's defense is weak
.
On the basis of a comprehensive analysis and study of the strength and situation of both sides, the direction of the campaign and the battlefield were selected in the small number of Kuomintang troops, and front-line deployment was adopted, and the superior forces of all field troops and some local troops were concentrated to launch the campaign, thus laying the foundation for the victory of the campaign
Mao Zedong
The President pointed out that the principle of "fight the weak first, then fight the strong" is a concrete embodiment.
Second, adhere to the principle of active combat.
In the face of the Kuomintang Baoding Sui Office concentrated forces to invade the liberated areas north of the Daqing River, the military district decisively concentrated the main field forces in the Zhengtai line to launch a campaign. After the completion of the first phase of the campaign plan, the military district still adhered to the policy of "you fight yours, I fight mine", did not waver in the southern aid operations of the Kuomintang army, and under the support of the local troops, continued to move the main force of the army to the west, completed the campaign according to the scheduled plan, and firmly grasped the initiative of the battle battlefield.
Third, the use of tactics is flexible.
In view of the specific situation of the Kuomintang army's single-line configuration, the military command adopted such operational methods as segmentation, individual destruction, encirclement and reinforcement, and achieved the success of concentrating superior forces in the movement and wiping out the majority of two regular divisions. In view of the weaknesses of the Kuomintang army, such as complex factions, difficult coordination, large gaps in the defense line, and relatively isolated points, the Kuomintang army made full use of the terrain and boldly implemented tactics such as interpenetration, outflank, and cross-point attack, so that it was difficult to look at the head and tail, ignore this and lose that, and it was impossible to defend against: according to the actual situation of the defenders' strong fortifications and the lack of heavy firearms in the attacking troops, The methods of fire suppression and artificial blasting were widely adopted to make up for the lack of fire power, overcome the obstacles of siege, and ensure the smooth development of offensive operations.
Fourth, organize multiple cooperation around the center of gravity of the campaign.
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the campaign, the military region has comprehensively organized the second-level military regions, military subdivisions, independent brigades and militias in the theater to actively focus on the overall campaign intention and combat focus
Mine warfare
,
Sparrow warfare
,
Sabotage operations
The guerrilla forms, such as launching different combat operations such as retarding, mobilizing the Kuomintang army, or serving as auxiliary attacks, effectively cooperated with the field army's operations in the main direction.
Fifthly, the pre-war preparations are adequate.
Under the unified leadership and organization of the military region, all participating troops made full preparations in terms of ideology, military and material. Commanders and staff at brigade level and above were organized to carry out on-the-spot reconnaissance and have a more accurate grasp of the enemy situation and terrain. The troops used half a month to carry out tactical and technical training and achieved good results. In response to the needs of offensive operations, the officers and soldiers were mobilized to use their brains and study offensive equipment, and many inventions appeared, enhancing the confidence of the troops in offensive operations.
At the same time, mobilize local governments and the masses at all levels in the theater to actively participate in the support. The Central and Shanxi military regions organized huge manpower and material resources to ensure that the field troops drove hundreds of miles and fought in the "no man's land" created by Yan Xishan.
Taihang Military Region
The second military division organized more than 30,000 people to participate in the support, and in only three days, one million kilograms of grain and firewood were transported to the front line.
[2]
After the completion of the Zhengtai Campaign, we should not be confused by the enemy's actions at all, choose the weak part of the enemy to take the initiative to kill it, and choose what part to attack at that time. This is the policy of attacking the weak first and then the strong, that is, the policy of completely active combat.
[12]
The victory of the Zhengtai Campaign made the two strategic areas of Shanxi-Chaha-Hebei and Jinji-Lu-Henan linked together, and Shijiazhuang's enemies were more isolated. This campaign, so that the war situation in our region began to shift to the initiative. Throughout the course of the campaign, the operational principle of advancing and advancing in great strides, focusing on the destruction of the enemy's effective sites during the campaign, was not constrained by local circumstances, and was thus freed from passivity. In the choice of the direction of the campaign, it pointed to the weak link of the enemy, took advantage of the weakness of the enemy's two systems not supporting each other, and carried out a breakthrough, which was successful.
[11]
