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Liu Yuxi

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Liu Yuxi (772-842), styled Mengde, was born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province and Henan Province Luoyang Zhejiang Jiaxing three kinds of saying, from the words A surname Present-day Hebei Dingzhou ), self-described "home of Xingyang, from Luoyang", its ancestors for the king of Zhongshan Jing Liu Sheng [1-2] (say as Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in China Descendent) [3] . Tang Dynasty writers and philosophers, there are" Shihao "Said. [28] [32]
Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing, Suzhou (now Zhejiang (Province) Jiaxing ). [3] Zhenyuan Nine years (793) Jinshi and his first term Prince's school Moved Huainan room to join the army, after entering the precepts Du You The shogunate won Du You's trust and respect. Du You entered the court as minister, Liu Yuxi also moved Monitor the imperial history . Zhenyuan At the end of the year, he joined the prince to read Wang Shuwen preeminent Two fuckers "Political blocs. Emperor Shun of Tang After taking the throne, Liu Yuxi participated in the" Eternal zhen innovation ". After the failure of innovation, he was repeatedly banished. Huichang Two years (842), moved Prince's guest He died in Luoyang, aged 71, posthumously The Ministry of Ministry Shangshu He was buried in Xingyang. [4]
Liu Yuxi is excellent in poetry and prose, covers a wide range of subjects, and Bai Juyi Known as "Liu Bai", and Liu Zongyuan Also known as "Liu Liu", and Wei Yingwu Bai Juyi is collectively known as the "three masters". Leave a book An inscription on My Humble Room "" Bamboo ci poems "" Yang Liuzhi words "" Black Yi Lane "And other famous articles. Liu Yuxi's philosophical work "On Heaven" three parts, discusses the materiality of heaven, analysis" kismet The root cause of production is materialist thought. The author of... Liu Mengde's collected works "" Liu Guengji ". [5] Of the eighteen volumes of his poetry, twelve are now compiled. [27]
alias
Guest Liu , Liu Zhongshan , Shihao , Liu twenty-eight [26]
word
Dream call
age
Tang Dynasty
Place of Birth
Suzhou Jiaxing (now Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province) [14] [29]
Date of birth
The year 772
Date of death
The year 842
Major achievement
Eternal zhen innovation Poetry creation, governance of the state
Major work
" Liu Mengde's collected works "" Liu Binke's collected works "
eigenname
Liu Yuxi
Official post
Prince of the same state guest secretary
gift
The Ministry of Ministry Shangshu

catalogue

  1. 1biography
  2. ▪Early life
  3. ▪Demotion career
  4. ▪Later life
  5. 2Literary achievement
  6. ▪poesy
  7. ▪Ci and Fu
  8. ▪Argumentative essay
  1. 3Philosophical achievement
  2. ▪Materialist tendency
  3. ▪Respect the laws of nature
  4. 4Major work
  5. 5Anecdotal allusion
  6. ▪Origin of name
  7. ▪Former degree Liu Lang
  8. ▪Be commonplace
  1. ▪Become a doctor after a long illness
  2. ▪To willow easy to sow
  3. 6Historical records
  4. 7Character evaluation
  5. ▪Evaluation of works
  6. ▪Celebrity evaluation
  7. 8Relative member
  8. 9Native dispute
  1. ▪Pengcheng theory
  2. ▪Luoyang theory
  3. ▪Jiaxing theory
  4. 10memorialize
  5. ▪Former residence
  6. ▪Memorial hall
  7. ▪tomb

biography

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EDITOR

Early life

Liu Yuxi claimed that his ancestor was Emperor Jing of Han Mrs. Jia Son of King Jing of Zhongshan Liu Sheng . Seven generations of ancestors Liu Liang , The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544) The history of the Jizhou Dynasty, The horseman always serves , along with 北魏孝文帝 Move the capital to another place Luoyang [6] . father Liu Xu , in order to avoid The Rebellion of An Shi He moved to the east and lived in Jiaxing, Suzhou, where he was an official. Grand calendar Liu Yuxi was born in 772 in Jiaxing, Suzhou (now Zhejiang Province) Jiaxing City ) and spent his teenage years there. He began to study Confucian classics and compose poems at an early age. He was both intelligent and diligent, and once went to Wuxing (now Zhejiang Province) Huzhou City ) From the famous poet monk of that time Bright and clear , limpid Learn poetry, get its edification and guidance. [3] [30] 29 -
Portrait of Liu Yuxi
Zhenyuan Six years (790) around the age of 19, Liu Yuxi visited Luoyang, Chang 'an , in Intellectual circle Gain a high reputation in...
In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), with Liu Zongyuan The same list Jinshi and, the same year Erudite Hongci branch . Two years later The Ministry of Personnel Affairs in feudal China Take Shi branch, release brown for Prince's school Before long worry At home. Zhenyuan sixteen years (800 years), Du You In order to The governor of Huainan Also Xu Sihao festival degree, Liu Yuxi for Presiding secretary . After Du You returned to Yangzhou, during the period of residence Du You wrote a lot of tables.
Zhen Yuan 18 years (802), transferred Jingzhao Mansion Weinan county master book, soon moved Monitor the imperial history . At that time, Han Yu , Liu Zongyuan Both are here Imperial historian's desk In office, three people become friends, too close. [1]

Demotion career

Zhenyuan 21 year (805) January, Emperor Dezong of Tang After his death, Li Deng To ascend the throne, is to Emperor Shun of Tang . The original prince read Wang Shuwen , Wang 伾 He always had the desire to reform the corrupt government, and was trusted by Tang Shunzong to enter the center. Liu Yuxi was friendly with Wang Shuwen, whose talent and ambition were especially valued by Shu Wen, so he was appointed Stationing farmers and foreign workers Adjudicate the salt iron case and participate in the management of state finance. During this period, Liu Woo-suk's political enthusiasm was extremely high, and together with Liu Zongyuan, he became the core figure of the innovation group.
The "Two Wang Liu Liu" group took a lot of progressive measures during the short period of governance, but it was offended by the reform Vassal state , eunuch And the interests of the big bureaucracy were quickly defeated by the combined opposition of the conservative forces. Shunzong was forced to give way to the crown prince Li Chun Wang Shuwen died, Wang 伾 died after being demoted, Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan and other eight people were first demoted to the far state Prefectural official Immediately added to the far state A surname . This is the famous "eight Sima incident" in history (at the same time, a total of eight people who were relegated to the far State Sima, known in history as "eight Sima"). Since then, Liu Yuxi Langchau Nearly a decade. During this period, Liu Yuxi created a large number of allegorical poems to express his great dissatisfaction with the dignities of the current dynasty, and wrote many Fu to express his ambition of not being willing to sink. Because of the contact with local folk songs, from which he absorbed nutrition, his poetry creation showed some new characteristics. At the same time, he also wrote a number of philosophical papers, the most important is with Liu Zongyuan" The theory of heaven Corresponding to the "Heaven" three.
Motowa In December 9 (February 815), Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan And others together with the recall to Beijing. The following March (816), Liu Yuxi composed the" Yuan and ten years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to see flowers all gentlemen "A poem, offend the ruling, was banished to further Bozhou To be the emperor. I'm glad petu Liu Zongyuan's help was changed Lien Chau (now Lianzhou City, Guangdong Province). Since then, Liu Yuxi has been in Lianzhou for nearly five years. [7]
In the fourteenth year of Yuan He (819), Liu Yuxi was able to leave Lianzhou due to his mother's death. Changkhanh In the winter of the first year (821), Liu Yuxi was appointed Kuizhou (a county in Sichuan Province) (now Fengjie County, Chongqing) Shi Shi. Changqing four years (824) summer, transferred Hoa Chau (now He County, Anhui Province).
Baoli In the second year (826), Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang. In 827, he was appointed Dongdu Shangshu Province . From the first demotion to this time, a total of twenty-three years have passed. [1]

Later life

Liu Yuxi reciting poems
Yamato In the first year, Liu Yuxi became Dongdu A surname . He returned to office the following year Host and guest He wrote "Re-tour Xuandu View Verse", which showed his unyielding will after repeated blows. A surname Hall of collected Talent Bachelor, A doctor of rites Suzhou, Ruzhou, Tongzhou dynasty. From the first year of Kaicheng (836), he was reappointed Prince's guest , inspector-general , division of the sinecure of Dongdu.
Huichang The first year (841), plus check The Ministry of Rites Title, the world called Liu guest, Liu Shangshu. Liu Yuxi later in life to Luoyang, with friends Bai Juyi Pei Du and other friends compose poems, sing and chant, live leisurely, and Bai Juyi left" Liu Bai sings a harmony collection "Liu Bai Wu Luo sent and Volume", with Bai Juyi, Pei Du left "Ruluo Collection" and other chant and fine works [8] .
In the second year of Huichang (842), Liu Yuxi died of illness in Luoyang at the age of 71 The Ministry of Ministry Shangshu He was buried in Henan Xingyang (a county in Henan Province) (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou). [1] [4] [9]

Literary achievement

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EDITOR

poesy

Poetic content
Liu Yuxi's Landscape poetry Have changed Grand calendar , Zhenyuan The poet's front is small and the weather is bleak, and he often writes a kind of open scene beyond the real distance of space, half empty and half real, such as "the cloud on the far mountain under the water is like snow, and the grass on the flat bank beside the bridge is like smoke". "Wagniu Xianggong Tour South Zhuang after the drunken fable play to give Lotte and show" ), "The wild grass and the red brocade, the hair and hair dazzled the sky." Spring book huai sent east Luo Bai twenty-two Yang eight concubine "). See also Hall of Wangdongting "; In this quiet and empty landscape, the poet's subjective emotions are integrated into the atmosphere, which constitutes a quiet and peaceful atmosphere. However, although Liu Woo-xi said that "can be separated from the desire of the ground is empty," but he actively participated Eternal zhen innovation In fact, it is still necessary to realize the ideal of life in society; His character is also more stubborn, and his poems often show a high and cheerful spirit. As... Poems written in autumn "First of two," Tongle day climb spiritual temple tower ", have a kind of high power.
Because of the subtle and deep connotation, the open and distant realm and the lofty emotion, Liu Yuxi's poems appear both clear and clear. Liu Yuxi many times Be demoted In the south, this is where folk songs are popular, so Liu Yuxi often collected them Folk song Learn its style for poetry creation, such as" egret The poem writes his lonely feelings in a metaphorical way, but it uses a light folk song style. There are also works entirely modeled after folk songs, such as" Bamboo ci poems "" Yang Liuzhi words "" Running on embankment "Song Lyrics," "Waves and sand Words," " Mt. Xisai nostalgically "And so on, are very simple and natural, fresh and lovely, exuding a rich flavor of life as folk songs, the following two are particularly vivid:" on the embankment "two of the three," Zhuzhici "one of the two. [10]
Work style
Liu Yuxi and his Poetic style Quite unique. He has a strong and resolute character and is full of pride Live in exile In the years, I felt a heavy psychological distress, intoning a song of lonely minister's mourning. But he never despairs. he has the soul of a fighter; He wrote "Yuan and ten years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to see the flowers of the gentlemen", "Revisiting Xuandu Guan Guanyu" and "Xuandu Guanyu". Chant of the hundred tongues "" Mosquito Ballad "" Kite exercise "" On Hua Tuo The poems, such as ", repeatedly satirized and attacked political enemies, which led to political repression and blows again and again, but this repression and blows aroused his more intense anger and resistance, and strengthened his poet temperament from different aspects. He said: "I am from eastern Shandong, and I have many feelings in my life" (" Ai Zhu Shan will be a Zen master "). [11]
Liu Yuxi lived with his father in his early years Jiaxing , often go Wu Xing Visit as Jiangnan famous Zen monk and Monk poet the Bright and clear and limpid According to his "Che Master Corpus Ji" self-reported, at that time he "used two quills to write inkstones and accompany them to chant, all said. I can teach you This early experience had a deep influence on his later poetry creation.
Liu Yuxi's poems, no matter the short chapter long, are mostly concise and bright, style and cool, there is a kind of philosopher sagacity And the poet's sincere love permeates it, full of artistic tension and majestic momentum. Such as "the wind sad old steed, autumn frost move vulture . ... Not because of the sense of deterioration, an can stimulate the heart "(" Xueruan Gong has three heads Second), "Ma Si edge grass boxing hair move, eagle 眄 Qingyun sleep open. Heaven and earth to clean up the four looks, for the emperor to cure the disease on the high platform "(" Beginning to smell the autumn wind This kind of poetry, written high and high, the style is fierce, has a kind of vibration and decay of waste, urging people to upward power. therewith Seven words It is also unique, such as: "Mo slander like deep waves, Mo Yan moving guests like sand sink." Qiantao million Lu is hard, blowing crazy sand to gold." (The eight of the nine poems of "Waves rushing Sand")" Saibei Plum blossom Qiang flute Blow, Huainan laurel hill words. Please don't play the previous song, listen to sing the new" Willow twig " (" The willow branches have nine poems From the poetic point of view, these two works are concise and bright, clear and easy to solve, but through a layer of look, you will realize a kind of arrogant, independent spirit and feelings to meet suffering, beyond suffering, a pentium flow of life vitality and the optimism of abandoning the old and looking forward to the future, a resolute and noble personality connotation. Or his famous song" Poems written in autumn The whole poem is contrary to tradition Feel sad about autumn View, praise autumn praise autumn, give autumn a power to guide life, showing the poet's infinite yearning for the realm of freedom. High chest, strong bones. [11]
Liu Yuxi believed deeply in Buddhism, and in his early years, he studied under the poetry monk Jiao Ran's book" Poetic form He has linked Zen with poetics. Liu Yuxi was influenced by Liang Ran, and through long-term contact with Zen and poetry creation practice, he clearly realized the truth that "enlightenment does not depend on people, but only on the mind". These eight words are Liu Yuxi's grasp of the essence of Zen, and also become the basis of his poetic theory. [24] He also said that those who write poems should "make clear the meaning of the words, sit and relax can serve the scenery" (Dong's Wuling Ji), the first sentence refers to the concise and implicit language, the second sentence refers to the subject's observation and meditation. Therefore, on the one hand, he attaches importance to making the language of poetry both delicate and natural through tempering and polishing, and opposes the use of unfamiliar words, proposing that "for the use of rare words in poetry, there must be somewhere... The poetry of the younger generation must be based on evidence, not on the facts. "(" Liu Guest-Jia remarks "); On the other hand, he also attaches great importance to the subject's observation and meditation, in the Autumn Hongju Monk temple sent to Jiangling poem quote, he once said: "Can be away from the desire of the square inch is empty, empty and all the scenery into; There must be leakage, but the form is in the word. Because of the situation, so suddenly To clear; Words are chosen by wisdom, so beauty is the essence."
Most of Liu Yuxi's poems are natural and smooth, concise and lively, and at the same time have a sense of time and space. Like his famous words such as "the new leaves of the aromatic forest urge the old leaves, and the former waves of the flowing water let the latter waves" (" Happy to see the injury of the small Dun poem oblique uncle three gentlemen have deep points into the poem to send "), the more kindly bustling, Qin Wang Feng before Yu point west. " Zhedong Li Lang Yue state Spring Festival Gala is a long sentence "A thousand sails by the side of the sunken boat, ten thousand wooden spring in front of the diseased tree." Reward happy day Yangzhou first met on the table to see gift All of them are his reflections on history and life after meditation. This perception appears in the poem as an image, which not only has a broad horizon, but also has a time-out span, showing the integration of history, reality and future here. [12]
Liu Yuxi's Epic poem It is highly praised. These poems are succinct, well-chosen imago , showing his meditation after reading the vicissitudes of life, which contains deep feelings, such as" Zhedong Li Lang Yue state Spring Festival Gala is a long sentence "" Mt. Xisai nostalgically "" Black Yi Lane "" Stone city "" Shu ancestral temple "And so on are famous articles. [12]

Ci and Fu

In addition to poetry and discourse, Liu Yuxi's Ci Fu creation is also an important link in the history of Tang Dynasty's Ci Fu, and even the whole history of Ci Fu. Its 11 pieces of Ci Fu are not small compared with the number of Ci Fu saved by each family in Tang Dynasty. Maji height In his book, Fu history In the evaluation of Ci Fu in the Middle Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan was listed as the first, Han Yu Liu Yuxi is second, and Liu Zongyuan's Ci Fu is compared with Qu Yuan, which can be seen. In fact, Liu Yuxi himself is also quite confident about the level of his own articles, in his" Autobiography of Zi Liu Zi He said: "The day and the director, do not make Shi Xi." The "director" here refers to one's own excellence in literary Ci, and in this "literary Ci", of course, also includes Ci Fu. Among Liu Yuxi's eleven Ci Fu works, the book" Sound of Autumn Ode The most respected by later generations.
Because most of Liu Yuxi's Ci Fu was written in the period of relegation, the sorrow and lack of talent of the minister became the important theme of his CI Fu creation, and the feeling of bitterness was his main emotional sustenance. In addition, in addition to reflecting the works of relegation and melancholy, its Ci Fu also has the law Fu made by the imperial examination -" Balanced tax ", the nostalgic" Shanyang city Fu ", the mourning" Ode to the Grievance ", describing scenery and customs" Chu Wang Fu ". As an important litterateur and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi's poetry is an important field of Tang poetry research, and poetry is the mainstream of literature at that time, so Liu Yuxi's Ci Fu creation must be influenced by his poetry creation. For example, the theme of Liu Yuxi's poems affects the theme of his Ci Fu, and many scenes and emotional contents depicted in his poems also appear in his Ci Fu works. Therefore, studying the interaction between his poems and Ci Fu is a beneficial link in the study of his Ci Fu. [10]

Argumentative essay

The greatest achievement of Liu Yuxi's articles is his argumentation. One is the thematic thesis, the scope of discussion includes philosophy, politics, medicine, calligraphy, calligraphy and so on. Philosophical papers, such as the three articles on Heaven, discussed the materiality of heaven, pointed out that heaven and man "win" and "also use", and analyzed the social origin of the "destiny theory" at the scientific level at that time, and had a certain position in the history of the development of materialist thought. Other papers such as" Answer Rao state yuan make the book "On the book", "Answer state Xue Lang Zhong on the book", "Answer State Xue Lang Zhong on the book instrument book", are rich in recruitment, careful reasoning, Qiao Li Erudite, Xiongjian Xiaochang. The second is the essay.
Generally due to the matter of the topic, inspired, such as" causology "Seven chapters; There are also "some sense of reading, and often make comments", such as" On Hua Tuo "" apologetics "" Ming Zhi theory ", etc. These works, short, subtle, subtle. Or use the problem to play, point out the reality; Or to mock the present and criticize the malpractice of government, all have a certain reality. Liu Yuxi believed that he was good at "theory" and Han Yu was good at "writing". Sacrificial rites of official officials in Korea "), reflecting the importance he attached to his thesis. Liu Yuxi's prose, like his poetry, has beautiful words and subtle themes. Liu Zongyuan said that he "literary Juan and paste, taste infinite and hot more out" (Liu Yuxi "Yuzi Wei Shi Yue Ring" quote), for the deep immediate evaluation.

Philosophical achievement

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EDITOR

Materialist tendency

Langzhou Si Ma Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi's philosophical thoughts are distinctive materialism Tendency. His main works are three treatises on Heaven. In cosmology, his materialist thought was more progressive than Liu Zongyuan's. On the relationship between nature and man, Liu Yuxi put forward the view that heaven and man "win each other, but also use each other", with a positive enterprising spirit. He believes that the reason why people have idealist thoughts is closely related to social reality. Dharma Takayama When the society is "for the public is right, not for the public is wrong", people will not have the idea that good and bad come from the destiny of heaven; When the "law is in great relaxation", right and wrong are reversed in society, man cannot win over heaven, and the theory of Heaven's destiny is promoted in the human world. When the law is weak, the society is not clear about right and wrong, and people will believe in the destiny of heaven.
Liu Yuxi used social practice to explain the origin of the theory of destiny, which is a great contribution in epistemology. This is also Liu Yuxi's view of the social root of theism. He believes that in a society where the Fa is practiced greatly, people will say that good and bad are determined by human behavior and have nothing to do with heaven, if they do right or wrong, if they do wrong, they will be rewarded and if they do wrong, they will be punished. In a society where the law is greatly relaxed, right and wrong are reversed, rewards are always given and punishments are always given, and people cannot find an explanation for unreasonable phenomena, so they have to ascribe everything to heaven.
He also believes that when "understanding", people will not speak of "destiny"; When "understanding", it will not ignore the destiny of heaven. Liu Yuxi explained the origin of theism from the perspective of law and theory. He pointed out that God was created by man under certain conditions, which is of positive significance. In the three articles of his Treatise on Heaven, he tried to put Liu Zongyuan with Han Yu The controversy goes deeper and further explores the relationship between heaven and man. He believes that "everyone who enters the form has his ability and his inability." Heaven (nature), the physical great also; People, animals especially also. Heaven can, people solid can not also; What man can do, God can't do." Heaven and man each have their own natural characteristics, "mutual victory", "also use". Although man cannot interfere with the functions and laws of nature, he can use and transform nature.

Respect the laws of nature

Liu Yuxi supplemented Liu Zongyuan's view of nature on the basis of natural science. In terms of understanding of nature, Liu Yuxi believes that the whole nature is full of tangible material entities, and there are no intangible things in heaven and earth. He believes that "emptiness" is a special material form, and "emptiness" cannot transcend the material form and exist independently. This is a significant development of the ancient Chinese materialist view of nature. In terms of the generation and development of all things in the universe, he believes that the growth and development of all things is a natural process, and animals and humans are produced by the interaction of Yin and Yang of heaven and earth.
He also believed that the development and change of the objective world have certain laws, and all things in the universe move and develop endlessly in contradiction and interdependence. Based on this, he established the theory of the relationship between heaven and man, pointing out that everything in heaven and earth has its different functions and roles. The function of nature is to grow and reproduce all things, all things in the natural development process of life, health, aging, follow the competition law of strength over weakness; The function of man is to use the laws of nature and the material materials provided by nature to carry out various production activities and seek the necessities of people's life from nature. Liu Yuxi put forward: "The almighty of heaven gives birth to all things; The power of man governs all things." He believed that heaven could not interfere with the "governance" or "chaos" of human society, and man could not change the laws of movement in nature. He also bases his propaganda on scientific knowledge atheism Criticism of theism. [13]

Major work

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EDITOR
Calligraphy by Liu Yuxi
In the thirteenth year of Yuan and He (818), Liu Yuxi compiled his own work as "Forty Tong", and deleted a quarter of it as "Ji Li". This is the earliest collection and selected works of Liu Yuxi, which are not handed down today. Carry a copy of Liu Yuxi Collection "Volume 40. Of the 10 volumes lost in the early Song Dynasty, only 30 volumes remain. then Song Min-gu He collected the lost works and compiled them into 100 volumes of "Outer Collection", but there are still omissions. "Liu Yuxi Collection" thirty volumes, "Outer collection" ten volumes, concentrated volume 26, 27 Yuefu two volumes.
There are three kinds of ancient books of Liu Yuxi:
① Qing Dynasty Summer resort Old Zang Song Dynasty Shaoxing Eight years (1138) Dong engraving, entitled" Liu Binke's collected works "In small print, available today Xu Hongbao A photocopy. A surname Chunxi Thirteen years (1186) Lu You According to Dong Ben," Zheben ". The engravings used since Ming and Qing dynasties basically belong to this system.
(2) Song engravings collected by the Tauran Museum of Fukui, Heian, Japan, entitled" Liu Mengde's collected works ", belongs to Shu large character, today Dong Kang Photocopy, The Commercial Press In small print.
3. Beijing Library The collection of Song Dynasty engraved fragments "Liu Mengde Collection" volume 1 to 4, Jian 'an Fang engraved. Ming and Qing dynasties 毛晋 , Huidong , He Zhuo , Feng Hao , Huang Pilie Some of them have made a preliminary collation of Liu Yuxi's collection, but most of them are transcripts, which are not widely circulated. Currently available Liu Yuxi collection version: A four-part series Liu Mengde's Collected Works, Four points of preparation Liu Gubin's Collected Works, Series integration Liu Guest Collection. In addition, there are school copies of the Liu Yuxi Collection ". Modern man Bian Xiaoxuan The author of... Liu Yuxi's biography Liu Yuxi's life and various historical materials have been examined.
In addition, Liu Yuxi also wrote a medical book called" messenger ".

Anecdotal allusion

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EDITOR

Origin of name

According to the Qu Mei Yuan 's Liu Yuxi collected the certificate Liu Yuxi's name is taken from the book A surname • Yugon "Woo Suk Hyun Gyu, Jue success." His writing, however, seems to adopt the absurdity of the weft, The classic of filial piety is determined Cloud: "Life star transpleione, Xiu Ji dream delivery Yu". [25 ]

Former degree Liu Lang

Liu Yuxi was relegated to Langzhou Sima, ten years later recalled to Beijing, in the spring, travel Gendu Temple Full view of peach blossoms brilliant such as xia, peach trees are planted for Liu Yuxi to Beijing, Liu Yuxi heart with emotion and poetry" Yuan and ten years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to see flowers all gentlemen "Purple red dust brushed his face, no one did not see the flowers back." The peach trees in the Xuandu View were planted after Liu Lang went ", and he was denounced by jealous people, saying that he had grievances, so soon he was appointed as a foreign official, 14 years later he returned to Kyoto, and the Xuandu View has been completely deserted, no peach trees, only" Rabbit sunflower oat Shake in the spring breeze ", so wrote" Then visit the Xuandu View The poem said: "One hundred acres of courtyard half is moss, peach blossom clean cauliflower open." Where does the peach farmer go? Former degree Liu Langjin came again." Is for" Former degree Liu Lang The origin of this idiom. [21]

Be commonplace

Liu Yuxi was deposed as governor and returned to Beijing, commonplace Li Shen Admiring his talent and learning, Liu Yuxi was invited to his home for a feast. During the dinner, Li Shen ordered the geisha to sing and persuade the wine, and Liu Yuxi took advantage of the enthusiasm to write a poem and said:" 䰀鬌 Comb hair palace makeup, spring breeze a song Duwayniang . It is a common practice to meddle in the affairs of Jiangnan." Li Shen then gave the geisha to Liu Yuxi for the purpose of" Be commonplace The origin of this idiom. [22] It is also recorded that it was the great Sima of Yangzhou Du Hongjian The story with Liu Yuxi. [23]

Become a doctor after a long illness

Liu Yuxi is Luoyang, as an official for many years, when everyone said he had the prime minister talent, but his political career is not good, was repeatedly dismissed, and the body is weak, illness.
Fortunately, Liu Yuxi is optimistic and open-minded, and has a positive attitude towards life. He taught himself medicine in his spare time and became a doctor after a long illness. When a friend or friend is sick, he can almost treat them.
He was once sent to the Lingnan district of Danlian (now Qingyuan, Guangdong Province), where the desolate, remote, disease epidemic, he worried about the people, so he worked in Guangxi colleague Liu Zongyuan to seek folk remedies. Liu Zongyuan sent the folk remedies collected in Liuzhou to Liu Yuxi, and Liu Yuxi extended them to help many people get rid of their ailments.
Since then, Liu Yuxi collected folk remedies from all over the country and compiled the prescription book "Chuanxin Fang". The prescriptions included in the book have been tested by practice and the efficacy is reliable and trustworthy. For example, with sophora pills to treat hemorrhoids, with soybeans, ginger to treat abdominal distention.
Due to its easy availability, simple usage and remarkable curative effect, Chuanxin Fang was highly respected by doctors of all ages and was also widely circulated in Korea, Japan and other countries. After the Yuan Dynasty, the book was gradually lost, but fortunately some of the prescriptions were quoted by other medical classics and have been preserved to this day.
Liu Yuxi lived in Luoyang in his old age, and sang with Bai Juyi, lived to 71 years old, which can be described as longevity in ancient times. His health experience is "disease need not worry too much, three treatment seven raise carefully." [31]

To willow easy to sow

Motowa Ten years (815) the imperial court issued an imperial decree, the reformers Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan was exiled from the capital, while Liu Yuxi, who wrote poems satirizing conservatives, was banished to the more remote Bozhou (now Zunyi, Guizhou). At that time, Bozhou was particularly remote, and Liu Yuxi had an octogenarian mother to support, which made Liu Yuxi faced a dilemma: to take his old mother to Bozhou, the road was rough and bumpy for thousands of miles, and he would die; Do not take the old mother to Bozhou, then mother and son will be separated forever. After hearing this, Liu Zongyuan cried and said: "Bozhou is not a place where people live, and Liu Yuxi's family has an old mother. I can't bear to see my friend in this predicament." Out of the deep friendship of Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan was ready to take the risk to the court, asking for his Liuzhou in exchange for Liu Yuxi's Bozhou, and said that even if "heavy offense, death does not hate." Just right petu The situation of Liu Yuxi was reported to the emperor, and Liu Yuxi was reappointed as the governor of Lianzhou (now Lianyang, Guangdong). [33-34]

Historical records

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Character evaluation

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Evaluation of works

  • " New Book of Tang ": Yuxi bullying talent and waste, small heart can not have no complaints, Nian Yi Yan, Yanjian oligo, but to the article. Element good poetry, especially fine in the evening, and Bai Juyi reward quite a lot. Juyi, who is known for his poems, is called "poetry Hao" and says: "His poems should be protected by divine things." Shu Wen real work to rule the way, can argue with the mouth to move people, both use, do not think that when. Too long illness, ministers and servants must not be right, Uterine pregnancy Do the secret, build Huan Lishhun, the credit belongs to your minister, from the right and the blame."
  • " Old cold hall poetry ": Li Yishan Liu Mengde, Du Muzhi Du Mu Three people, the pen can not be up and down, mostly work rhyme but not work ancient poetry, seven words especially work, five words weak, although there are good sentences, but can not be such as Wei, Liu, Wang, Meng's high also, Yi mountain more strange, dream has a high rhyme, the shepherd's specialty Huaalao, which is good and bad ears. [14]
  • " Canglang poetry ": After the calendar, Liu Mengde's last sentence, A surname , Wang Jian The Yuefu, I deeply ears. [14]
  • " The Ministry of Du Works straw-hall poetry ": From the princes of Qi and Liang, down to Liu Mengde, Wen Feiqing Generation, often to the beautiful wind flower tired of its positive, its fault lies in reason and word surplus. [15]
  • " Tang Yingui signed ": Woo Xi has a poetic vision. Its poem gas this ancient, the total plain words, the use of seemingly no extraordinary, but all satisfied, the language can be sung, its talent of the most proud. Sikongtu taste: Yuxi and Yang Juyuan poetry each have a win, two people fine cut desire with; But Liu is easy, but Yang is difficult, into the very different. [14]
  • " Three Tang poems ": The five characters are mixed. Like "deep spring breeze day clean", "listen to the East Wu Yin" and so on, as wandering, take Tu Yuefu; "Autumn river early hope", "mourning to exile", the end of the Hugh allowed hui. If "waterfowl dying moon", model Hugh wen rhyme thought; "Chu hope," the knot Han Qing MAO body. More or reason, lost in tone, did not seek deliberately, tired in more also. "Daughter" as Chu Wan's lament," Tai Niang The music of the new sound, seven words this choice. " mosquito-catching "" All kinds of tongue "To the deep micro, but also to Yuefu heritage. Law body only many, the flaw between picking. [14]

Celebrity evaluation

  • Huang Tingjian Perhaps Liu Mengde Yuefu small chapters are better than big chapters, poetry is better than it. [16]
  • Onfanggang "The small chapter of the dream is better than the big one" is extremely true. [17]
  • CAI Bainak: Liu Mengde poetry, the Canon is both high, taste is also thick. But just as the craftsman is capable, he is not less foolish. [18]
  • Bai Juyi "Peng Cheng Liu Mengde, poetry is also, its Feng Sheng, less dare to be." He who gives more than he can give, often fails. The husband responds with the same voice, the rival forces the enemy, one to one, can not stop. You draw a story, you see the grass, you finish it, you finish it. In the past two years, the day looked for inkstones, the same and gift answer, do not feel more." [19]
  • Liu Kezhuang "Vigorous old age, calm and cheerful" points out the "magnificent" of Liu's poetic style. He pointed out Liu Yuxi's "proud" character by saying "the essence is old and never exhausted". [20]

Relative member

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relation
name
remark
grandfather
unknown
For a petty bureaucrat. [3]
father
Liu Xu
In order to avoid An Shi rebellion, moved to Suzhou. [3]

Native dispute

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There are three controversies about Liu Yuxi's native place. The first is Xuzhou in Jiangsu province, the second is Luoyang in Henan Province, and the third is Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province.

Pengcheng theory

Bai Juyi said," Pengcheng Liu Mengde ", "Journal of Xuzhou Normal University" wrote an article, arguing that Liu Yuxi's native place and birthplace is Pengcheng rather than Jiaxing . The main reasons are: first, Liu Yuxi "live in the wall", not "live in the wall", had "lived" in Jiaxing. There is no presumption that he was "born" in Jiaxing. two. Liu Yuxi, Pei Du two people "tread fang", with fishing, at least in their teens. Liu was born in seventy-two, "stepping Fang" with fishing when around seventy-three, and at this time from Liu Xu Trimble It has been nearly 30 years since the end of the east. Liu Xu may not have settled in Jiaxing for long during the thirty years.
Liu Yuxi may have grown up in other places and then stayed in Jiaxing to seek refuge or study. His poems often say "less for Jiangnan guest", which proves that Liu Yuxi was a "guest" in Jiangnan, rather than taking Jiangnan as his hometown. Liu Yuxi once called himself "a native of Shandong" and "a scholar of Shandong". Tang Dynasty Shandong, refers to the east of Taihang Mountain, north of the Huai River, Jiaxing in the south, obviously wrong, and Liu Yuxi Korimaki Zhongshan, is in "Shandong", Pengcheng is also in "Shandong", Pengcheng is Liu's native place. Fourth, according to the author's research, Liu Xu became an official in 761-769 years after moving east. When he and Lu married here, Liu Yuxi, who was born in 72 years, was probably in Pengcheng, so Pengcheng was also the birthplace of Liu Yuxi.

Luoyang theory

Liu Yuxi's native place, he himself said clearly. At the age of seventy-one, Liu Yuxi's" Autobiography of Zi Liu Zi He claimed: "Son Liu Zi, name Yuxi, word dream." Its first Han Jing Emperor's wife son wins the king of Zhongshan, overflow said Jing, descendants because of the Zhongshan people also. Seven generations of Zu Liang, the northern Dynasty for Jizhou governor, scattered riding often wait, met Luoyang, for the northern Duchangli people. The world for the Confucian and official, the tomb in Luoyang Beishan, after the ground can not depend on, is buried in the sun of the Sanshan original... His father, Ji Xu, also used Confucianism, and Tianbao did not respond to the Jinshi, so he moved east to disobey the trouble. Since it was used by the eastern vassals and later by Xixi, the palace added salt as a deputy envoy, and then turned to the palace, and the main business was 墑 bridge." It is clear that his distant ancestor was the King of Zhong Shan in the Han Dynasty Liu Sheng After that, the descendants of Zhongshan people, seven generations of ancestors The Northern Dynasties When he moved to Luoyang, he became the people of Luoyang Duchangli from generation to generation. Liu Xucai, Liu Yuxi's father, moved east for asylum. From this point of view, Zhongshan is Liu Yuxi's county, Luoyang is his hometown, there should be no problem. And in the same year, Liu Yuxi again wrote Ruzhou after Xie prime minister "Said:" Suddenly Mengtian grace, slightly moved to the county, the Luoyang account, died of illness, old see the township tree." When I feel honored, things are normal." This was written after he was transferred from Suzhou to Ruzhou. The article said that his family in Henan, the native place in Luoyang, since there should be no mistake, later Qing Dynasty to repair "Luoyang County records", also said Liu Yuxi is "Henan Luoyang people."

Jiaxing theory

The year 1963 Bian Xiaoxuan Mr. Liu Yuxi's biography That Liu Yuxi's native place is Luoyang, not Pengcheng, and put forward two new theories: one said Liu Yuxi is The Xiongnu nationality Descendants, after posing as Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan of Han Dynasty: two said Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing County, Suzhou, the reason is: Liu Yuxi "autobiography" said "seven generations of Zuliang", yes The Northern Wei Dynasty (535-544) According to Bian Xiaoxuan's research, Liu Liang was a "Hun who joined Luoyang". [11]

memorialize

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Former residence

Liu Yuxi's former residence since the Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty are all right A humble room It was expanded and rebuilt. In 1986, the cottage was repaired by Anhui Province and He County. In the same year, the cottage was approved by the provincial people's government as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit, covering an area of more than 5 mu. In 2008, Anhui He County spent 10 million yuan to reform Liu Yuxi An inscription on My Humble Room The former home.

Memorial hall

Liu Yuxi Memorial Hall Be located on Lianzhou secondary Yanxi Mountain Cornices and brackets, the use of vermillion pillars, all reveal the Chinese classical court architectural style, appears antique. The simple and majestic memorial hall is charming after careful exhibition: the combination of lights, murals, poems, bronze statues and other scenes, evoking a rich and colorful historical sense.

tomb

The poet Liu Yuxi died and was buried in Henan Xingyang (a county in Henan Province) (now Zhengzhou Xingyang). Xingyang City Government in Zhengzhou The tomb of Liu Yuxi On the basis of the construction of a large cultural theme park covering an area of more than 280 mu Liu Yuxi Park And is open to the public free of charge. The tomb of Liu Yuxi is located in 20 Lipu Township, east of Xingyang City, Henan Province Yulong Town Wolf Wo Liu village south high ground, ancient name Dansan . Tomb north from Zhengzhou to the street highway about 70 meters, sit in the north south, there is a circular mound, mound height of about 7.5 meters, circumference of about 20 meters. According to the Republic of China Annals of Xingyang County "The tomb of Liu Yusuk is in Dansan."
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